301:, "the term sonate is described as the deliberate production of sounds, not from the throat, but rather from structures such as the bill, wings, tail, feet and body feathers, or by the use of tools". In several amphibian and fish species, other special structures are used to produce different sounds to attract mates. Birds are common users of sonation, although several amphibian and fish species have been shown to use sonation as a form of mating call as well. In general, sonation is one factor that plays into how a female may choose a mate. There are other features of mating such as territory defense or mate defense, which contribute to the cause of finding suitable mates.
458:. From genetic and mating call analysis and, researchers were able to identify that two populations of the tĂşngara frog were almost completely reproductively isolated. From their research, scientists believe that differences in female preferences for mating call type have led to the evolution of this speciation process. Specifically, the YasunĂ population females prefer the male mating call that includes a whine, while the other population does not prefer this whine. Subsequently, the YasunĂ males include the whine in their call, while the other males do not. For this reason, the differences in call have led to the mechanical separation of this species.
309:
178:
489:
species is very different from outside of this range. This means that calls of these two subspecies are more similar outside of this range, and starkly different within the range. For this reason, scientists suggest that these subspecies evolved from differences in mating call type. Additionally, these subspecies are rarely recorded to have hybrid offspring, which further suggests that there is complete speciation due to mating call differences. The differences in mating calls also help to reinforce the speciation process.
98:, males with large repertoires had larger HVCs, better body condition and lower heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios indicating better immune health. This supports the idea that song sparrows with large song repertoires have better lifetime fitness and that song repertoires are honest indicators of the male's "quality". Possible explanations for this adaptation include direct benefits to the female, such as superior parental care or territory defense, and indirect benefits, such as good genes for their offspring.
469:
205:, sexual competition is driven in large part by fighting—successful males often physically displaced other males from the backs of a female in order to gain access to mating with that female. Larger males were more successful in such takeovers, and had higher reproductive success as a result. However, the vocalizations of these toads provide a reliable signal of body size and thus fighting ability, allowing contests for possession of females to be settled without risk of injury.
65:
279:, males rub their wings together to create a rapid trill that produces sound. Males individually vary in the durations of their trilling or, what is more sophisticatedly called, bout length. The bout length of each male is heritable and passed on to his future offspring. Also, females prefer to mate with males that have longer bout lengths. The end result is that males with longer bout lengths produce more offspring than males with shorter bout lengths.
121:
393:
348:) and sonate more frequently in response to a sonation by other males. This is attributable to a male's desire to advertise its presence above other males looking for mates, suggesting that sonation carries an intrasexual function. In addition, females show increased alertness when hearing the infrasound signals produced by males' wing-shaking, which highlights how the two sexes use sonation to interact with each other.
430:
214:, males produce two types of advertisement calls when attracting females for mating. These are the pre-advertisement and advertisement calls, both of which have a different tonality and purpose. The advertisement call is a single tone with an upward tone, with a duration of about 1.36 seconds. The pre-advertisement call is a single short sound without modulation, and is of higher frequency than the
198:, males use a whining call followed by up to seven clucks. Males who have a whine-cluck call are more successful in attracting females than males whose call is a whine alone. The ability to produce clucks is due to a specialized fibrous mass attached to the frog's vocal folds, creating an unusual vocalization similar to the two-voiced songs found in some birds.
109:; larger males of this species sing advertising songs at a lower frequency than smaller rival males. Since body size is a characteristic of good health, lower frequency calls are a form of honest signaling. Negative correlation between body size and call frequency is supported across multiple species within the taxa. In the
446:
Female preferences for specific male mating calls can lead to sexual selection in mating calls. Females may prefer a specific type of call that certain males possess, in which only those males will be able to mate with females and pass on their genes and specific mating call. As a result, this female
282:
Other factors that influence the formation of these bout lengths include temperature and predation. In field crickets, males prefer warmer sites for mating as shown by an increase in the frequency of their mating calls when they were living in warmer climates. Predation also affects the mating calls
160:
that are bigger will let out a different sound than smaller koalas. The bigger males which are routinely sought out for are called sires. Females choose sires because of indirect benefits that their offspring could inherit, like larger bodies. Non-sires and females do not vary in their body mass and
388:
This type of speciation is most often sympatric speciation: where two or more species are created from an existing parent species that all live in the same geographic location. Although there is an absence of research on mammals and birds, this phenomenon has been heavily researched in several frog
384:
Differences in mating calls can lead to the separation of different populations within a species. These differences can be due to several factors, including body size, temperature, and other ecological factors. These can arise in the form of tonal, temporal, or behavioral variations in mating calls
50:
and are often seen in species of birds, mammals, amphibians, and insects. Mechanical calls refer to any other type of sound that the animal produces using unique body parts and/or tools for communication with potential mates. Examples include crickets that vibrate their wings, birds that flap their
488:
due to speciation events from mating call differences. The Chorus Frog has a very large home range, from New Mexico to
Southern Canada. These two subspecies have an overlapping range from South Dakota to Oklahoma. In this overlapping range, both the call duration and the calls per second for each
104:
songs from island populations have an acoustically simple structure when compared to mainland populations. Song complexity is correlated with higher levels of sexual selection in mainland populations, showing that a more complex song structure is advantageous in an environment with high levels of
304:
As outlined below, each species uses a distinct method to produce a non-vocal mating call in order to be most successful in attracting mates. The examples below represent the most common examples found in the literature, although many more examples may exist in nature that are still currently
139:, there was increased singing activity by the male after breeding. This increase is positively correlated with the partner's reproductive investment. The female finches were bred in cages with two subsequent males that differed with varying amounts of song output. Females produced larger
190:
Most frogs use an air sac located under their mouth to produce mating calls. Air from the lungs channels to the air sac to inflate it, and the air sac resonates to produce a mating call. The larynx is larger and more developed in males, which causes their call to be louder and stronger
244:, however, the female is able to distinguish between the sounds made by males and those made by bats and other predators. As a result, the males use ultrasonic clicking as a more conventional mating signal, compared to the "deceptive" courtship song used in the Asian Corn Bearer.
343:
Many species of birds, such as manakins and hummingbirds, use sonation for mating calls. However, peacocks exhibit a feature of sonation that reveals intrasexual and intersexual properties of this type of mating call. Males move their feathers to produce a low-frequency sonation
415:
These two species of narrow-mouthed frog live in the southern United States and have overlapping ranges in Texas and
Oklahoma. Researchers have discovered that these two different species alter the frequencies of their call in the overlap zone of their ranges. For example, the
113:, song frequency is positively associated with reproductive success. Slower song rate is associated with age and is preferred by females. Reproductive status of the individual is communicated through higher maximum frequency. There was also positive correlation between age and
329:
sound to attract mates during a special mating dance. Snipes used specialized tail feathers to create a sound described as a "rattle" or "throbbing" noise. Palm cockatoos use sticks to drum on hollow trees, creating a loud noise to attract the attention of mates.
264:
283:
of field crickets. When in a potentially dangerous environment, males cease calling for longer periods of time when interrupted by a predator cue. This suggests that there is an interplay between intensity of mating call and risk of predation.
389:
species around the world. The examples below illuminate speciation due to mating call differences in several frog species around the world. These distinct species are included because they are the focus of the majority of current research.
143:
with more orange yolks when paired with a male with a high song output. This suggests that the relative amount of song production in paired zebra finch males might function to stimulate the partner rather than to attract extra-pair females.
161:
can reject a male by screaming or hitting him. Male-male competition is rarely exhibited in koalas. Acoustic signaling is a type of call that can be used from a significant distance encoding an organism's location, condition and identity.
86:
The use of vocalizations is widespread in avian species and are often used to attract mates. Different aspects and features of bird song such as structure, amplitude and frequency have evolved as a result of sexual selection.
165:
display acoustic signaling, which is often interpreted as songs. When females hear these songs, named a 'whistle', they call onto the males to breed with a screech of their own. This action is termed 'calling of the sexes'.
30:
is the auditory signal used by animals to attract mates. It can occur in males or females, but literature is abundantly favored toward researching mating calls in females. In addition, mating calls are often the subject of
385:
that subsequently lead to the separation of populations. The separation of these populations due to differences in mating call and mating call preferences can lead to the evolution and creation of new, unique species.
425:
act as an isolating mechanism between the two species. They also hypothesize that the evolution of these differences in mating call led to the separation of these two different frog species from one common species.
420:
mating call has a significantly lower midpoint frequency in the overlap zone than the mating call outside this zone. This leads researchers to suggest that the differences in mating call in the overlap zone of
1225:
Sandoval, L. (2015). "Sexual size dimorphism and acoustical features of the pre- advertisement and advertisement calls of
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There are many different mechanisms to produce mating calls, which can be broadly categorized into vocalizations and mechanical calls. Vocalizations are considered as sounds produced by the
774:
Bolund, Elisabeth; Schielzeth, Holger; Forstmeier, Wolfgang (2012). "Singing activity stimulates partner reproductive investment rather than increasing paternity success in zebra finches".
325:
The feathers, the beak, the feet, and different tools are all used by different bird species to produce mating calls to attract mates. For example, the snipe uses its feathers to produce a
263:
2073:
1442:
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237:, males emit clicking sounds that mimic the echolocation of bats which prey on the moths. They then take advantage of the female's "freezing" response to mate with the female.
233:
While mating calls in insects are usually associated with mechanical mating calls, such as in crickets, several species of insects use vocalizations to attract mates. In the
90:
Large song repertoires are preferred by females of many avian species. One hypothesis for this is that song repertoire is positively correlated with the size of the brain's
1802:
Platz, James E. (1989-08-08). "Speciation within the Chorus Frog
Pseudacris triseriata: Morphometric and Mating Call Analyses of the Boreal and Western Subspecies".
971:
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While most bird species use their feathers, tools, or feet to produce sounds and attract mates, many fish species use specialized internal organs to sonate. In
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570:"A global analysis of song frequency in passerines provides no support for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis but suggests a role for sexual selection"
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Mating calls also take form through mechanical processes. Animals that are unable to vocalize their call may use their body to attract mates.
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340:, commonly known as the Clapper lark, engages in a complex display flight that is characterized by the rattling of the wings.
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360:, special muscles attached to the swimbladder assist in the production of knocking or grunting sounds to attract mates.
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125:
20:
177:
630:"Song repertoire size varies with HVC volume and is indicative of male quality in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)"
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Nakano, Ryo; Takanashi, Takuma; Surlykke, Annemarie; Skals, Niels; Ishikawa, Yukio (2013-06-20).
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316:(Indian peafowl). These feathers are used in sonation to create infrasound with intent of mating.
43:
of some animals, where two species diverge from each other while living in the same environment.
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Validating methods for estimating endocranial volume in individual red deer (Cervus elaphus)
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218:. These signals provide reliable signals to females of the strength and ability of males.
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1310:"Crickets with extravagant mating songs compensate for predation risk with extra caution"
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372:), ultrasonic mating calls are used to attract females and keep them motionless during
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225:, males increase frequency of calls in the presence of other members of the species.
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35:, in which the preferences of one gender for a certain type of mating call can drive
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Bird calls are also known to continue after pair formation in several socially
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In
Amazonian frogs, sexual selection for different calls has led to the
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714:"Male songbird indicates body size with low-pitched advertising songs"
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Goller, K. V; Fickel, J.; Hofer, H.; Beier, S.; East, M. L. (2013).
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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This article is about sexual reproduction. For other uses, see
511:"Rock sparrow song reflects male age and reproductive success"
368:
In many lepidoptera species including the adzuki bean borer (
94:(HVC). A large HVC would indicate developmental success. In
509:
Nemeth, E.; Kempenaers, B.; Matessi, G.; Brumm, H. (2012).
1250:"Evolution of deceptive and true courtship songs in moths"
174:
along with other mammals also perform acoustic signaling.
51:
feathers, and frogs that use an air sac instead of lungs.
1747:"Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog"
376:. These pulses have an average frequency of 40 kHz.
1314:
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480:(Chorus Frog) can be divided into two subspecies,
447:preference may lead to divergence of two species.
156:, mammals will call out to the opposite sex. Male
135:bird species. In one experimental population of
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476:Several studies have shown that the species
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380:Speciation due to mating call differences
970:Logan, C. J. & Clutton-Brock, T. H.
712:Hall, ML; Kingma, SA; Peters, A (2013).
105:sexual selection. Another example is in
498:
79:Mating call of Japanese bush warbler,
1560:
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7:
454:and speciation of the tĂşngara frog (
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1359:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1041:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
854:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
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635:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
472:A Chorus Frog making a mating call
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14:
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268:Mating call of field cricket,
1:
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1007:10.1007/s00705-012-1562-x
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473:
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270:Gryllus pennsylvanicus
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1944:Seismic communication
1894:Anecdotal cognitivism
976:Behavioural processes
679:Hamao, Shoji (2012).
478:Pseudacris triseriata
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463:Pseudacris triseriata
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102:Japanese bush warbler
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1904:Deception in animals
1865:Animal communication
994:Archives of Virology
944:Journal of Mammalogy
456:Engystomops petersi)
452:behavioral isolation
400:in a mating position
242:Japanese lichen moth
92:song control nucleus
41:sympatric speciation
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1266:2013NatSR...3E2003N
1196:1978Natur.274..683D
1100:2006Natur.441...38G
909:2013TEcoE..28..156W
866:2011BEcoS..65.1229E
788:2012BEcoS..66..975B
730:2013PLoSO...856717H
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586:2021EcolL..24..477M
527:2012PLoSO...743259N
441:Engystomops petersi
434:Engystomops petersi
370:Ostrinia scapulalis
216:advertisement calls
2026:Great ape language
1975:Whale vocalization
1939:Origin of language
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406:Microhyla olivacea
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1757:(1608): 399–406.
1479:(10): 1589–1600.
1320:(1444): 671–675.
1274:10.1038/srep02003
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642:(1621): 2035–40.
595:10.1111/ele.13662
486:P. t. triseriata,
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961:
959:
950:(6): 1401–1410.
935:
929:
928:
892:
886:
885:
860:(6): 1229–1235.
849:
843:
842:
825:(6): 1565–1571.
819:Animal Behaviour
814:
808:
807:
771:
762:
761:
751:
741:
709:
703:
702:
700:
676:
670:
669:
659:
625:
616:
615:
597:
565:
559:
558:
548:
538:
506:
312:Feather of male
297:As described in
266:
248:Mechanical calls
235:Asian corn borer
223:Bibron's toadlet
81:Horornis diphone
77:
37:sexual selection
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2052:
1970:Aquatic animals
1963:Animal-specific
1958:
1954:Talking animals
1884:Animal language
1879:Animal training
1867:
1862:
1832:
1831:
1816:10.2307/1445498
1801:
1800:
1796:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1408:(10): 799–805.
1399:
1398:
1394:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1109:10.1038/441038a
1081:
1080:
1076:
1038:
1037:
1033:
987:
986:
982:
978:2013; 92, 143–6
969:
965:
937:
936:
932:
894:
893:
889:
851:
850:
846:
816:
815:
811:
773:
772:
765:
711:
710:
706:
678:
677:
673:
627:
626:
619:
574:Ecology Letters
567:
566:
562:
508:
507:
500:
495:
466:
444:
413:
382:
366:
354:
323:
295:
289:
277:Gryllus integer
260:
258:
250:
231:
188:
163:Sac-winged bats
154:breeding season
150:
72:
62:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1810:(3): 704–712.
1794:
1737:
1724:10.1086/282007
1718:(862): 27–51.
1702:
1655:(10): e13144.
1635:
1608:(4): 891–911.
1592:
1554:
1514:
1463:
1454:Science Online
1444:
1435:
1392:
1349:
1297:
1240:
1217:
1174:
1139:
1074:
1047:(4): 425–438.
1031:
980:
963:
930:
887:
844:
809:
782:(6): 975–984.
763:
704:
671:
617:
580:(3): 477–486.
560:
497:
496:
494:
491:
482:P. t. maculata
465:
460:
443:
438:
412:
403:
381:
378:
365:
362:
353:
350:
337:Mirafra apiata
322:
319:
314:Pavo cristatus
291:Main article:
288:
285:
257:
254:
249:
246:
230:
227:
187:
184:
172:spotted hyenas
149:
146:
61:
58:
56:
53:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2127:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:Talking birds
1997:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1544:on 2019-01-07
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:: 1253–1267.
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1000:(4): 729–34.
999:
995:
991:
984:
981:
977:
973:
967:
964:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
934:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:(3): 156–66.
902:
898:
891:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
731:
727:
724:(2): e56717.
723:
719:
715:
708:
705:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
672:
667:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
624:
622:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
564:
561:
556:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
528:
524:
521:(8): e43259.
520:
516:
512:
505:
503:
499:
492:
490:
487:
483:
479:
470:
464:
461:
459:
457:
453:
448:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
419:
411:
407:
404:
399:
394:
390:
386:
379:
377:
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
351:
349:
347:
341:
339:
338:
333:
328:
320:
315:
310:
306:
302:
300:
294:
286:
284:
280:
278:
271:
255:
253:
247:
245:
243:
238:
236:
228:
226:
224:
219:
217:
213:
212:
206:
204:
199:
197:
192:
185:
179:
175:
173:
169:
164:
159:
155:
147:
145:
142:
138:
137:zebra finches
134:
127:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
103:
99:
97:
96:song sparrows
93:
88:
82:
66:
59:
55:Vocalizations
54:
52:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
1933:
1899:Bioacoustics
1807:
1803:
1797:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1570:
1566:
1546:. Retrieved
1539:the original
1534:
1530:
1517:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1365:(1): 73–77.
1362:
1358:
1352:
1317:
1313:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1094:(7089): 38.
1091:
1087:
1077:
1044:
1040:
1034:
997:
993:
983:
975:
966:
947:
943:
933:
900:
896:
890:
857:
853:
847:
822:
818:
812:
779:
775:
721:
717:
707:
688:
684:
674:
639:
633:
577:
573:
563:
518:
514:
485:
481:
477:
475:
462:
455:
449:
445:
440:
433:
422:
417:
414:
409:
405:
397:
387:
383:
367:
355:
342:
335:
324:
313:
303:
296:
281:
276:
274:
269:
251:
239:
232:
220:
209:
207:
200:
196:tĂşngara frog
193:
189:
181:Tungara frog
151:
130:
111:rock sparrow
100:
89:
85:
80:
68:Song sparrow
45:
27:
25:
1934:Mating call
1573:: 241–250.
1501:10261/76985
691:(1): 9–15.
364:Lepidoptera
358:Gadoid fish
203:common toad
152:During the
33:mate choice
28:mating call
2089:Categories
1987:Bumblebees
1548:2019-01-07
493:References
374:copulation
346:infrasound
327:"drumming"
186:Amphibians
133:monogamous
117:frequency.
2115:Sexuality
2016:Elephants
1771:0962-8452
1679:1932-6203
1235:208303240
1118:0028-0836
612:229176172
305:unknown.
2110:Sexology
1909:Ethology
1872:Concepts
1789:17164204
1732:85030912
1697:20957230
1649:PLOS ONE
1630:84514769
1587:53164879
1460:: 52–54.
1430:20635779
1422:12466955
1387:26404984
1344:10821611
1292:23788180
1260:: 2003.
1169:54259148
1126:16672962
1069:21923928
1026:23212740
925:23141110
882:26046352
839:53175246
804:17518228
758:23437221
718:PLOS ONE
666:17567560
604:33314573
555:22927955
515:PLOS ONE
332:Bustards
299:Sonation
293:Sonation
287:Sonation
256:Crickets
168:Red deer
2057:Related
2043:Lizards
2038:Insects
2031:Yerkish
1824:1445498
1780:1702375
1688:2949388
1657:Bibcode
1610:Bibcode
1509:8741416
1481:Bibcode
1367:Bibcode
1335:1690585
1283:3687589
1262:Bibcode
1212:4222519
1192:Bibcode
1134:4381969
1096:Bibcode
1061:8315606
1017:7086904
905:Bibcode
862:Bibcode
784:Bibcode
749:3577745
726:Bibcode
657:2275172
582:Bibcode
546:3426517
523:Bibcode
240:In the
229:Insects
208:In the
201:In the
194:In the
148:Mammals
2095:Mating
2048:Wolves
1822:
1804:Copeia
1787:
1777:
1769:
1730:
1695:
1685:
1677:
1628:
1585:
1507:
1428:
1420:
1385:
1342:
1332:
1290:
1280:
1233:
1210:
1184:Nature
1167:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1088:Nature
1067:
1059:
1024:
1014:
923:
880:
837:
802:
756:
746:
664:
654:
610:
602:
553:
543:
158:koalas
48:larynx
2021:Frogs
1994:Birds
1919:FOXP2
1820:JSTOR
1728:S2CID
1626:S2CID
1583:S2CID
1542:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
1505:S2CID
1426:S2CID
1383:S2CID
1231:S2CID
1208:S2CID
1165:S2CID
1130:S2CID
1065:S2CID
878:S2CID
835:S2CID
800:S2CID
608:S2CID
321:Birds
60:Birds
2064:Roar
2011:Dogs
2006:Cats
1982:Bees
1808:1989
1785:PMID
1767:ISSN
1693:PMID
1675:ISSN
1418:PMID
1340:PMID
1288:PMID
1122:PMID
1114:ISSN
1057:PMID
1022:PMID
921:PMID
754:PMID
662:PMID
600:PMID
551:PMID
484:and
408:and
396:Two
352:Fish
170:and
141:eggs
1812:doi
1775:PMC
1759:doi
1755:274
1720:doi
1683:PMC
1665:doi
1618:doi
1575:doi
1571:102
1497:hdl
1489:doi
1458:291
1410:doi
1406:188
1375:doi
1330:PMC
1322:doi
1318:267
1278:PMC
1270:doi
1200:doi
1188:274
1157:doi
1104:doi
1092:441
1049:doi
1045:172
1012:PMC
1002:doi
998:158
952:doi
913:doi
870:doi
827:doi
792:doi
744:PMC
734:doi
693:doi
652:PMC
644:doi
640:274
590:doi
541:PMC
531:doi
126:rut
2091::
1818:.
1806:.
1783:.
1773:.
1765:.
1753:.
1749:.
1726:.
1716:92
1714:.
1691:.
1681:.
1673:.
1663:.
1651:.
1647:.
1624:.
1616:.
1606:58
1604:.
1581:.
1569:.
1557:^
1535:20
1533:.
1529:.
1503:.
1495:.
1487:.
1477:64
1475:.
1456:.
1424:.
1416:.
1404:.
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1373:.
1363:19
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1328:.
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1300:^
1286:.
1276:.
1268:.
1256:.
1252:.
1229:.
1206:.
1198:.
1186:.
1163:.
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1151:.
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1120:.
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1102:.
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1020:.
1010:.
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992:.
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911:.
901:28
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876:.
868:.
858:65
856:.
833:.
823:84
821:.
798:.
790:.
780:66
778:.
766:^
752:.
742:.
732:.
720:.
716:.
689:31
687:.
683:.
660:.
650:.
638:.
632:.
620:^
606:.
598:.
588:.
578:24
576:.
572:.
549:.
539:.
529:.
517:.
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501:^
26:A
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1826:.
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1791:.
1761::
1734:.
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1667::
1659::
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1632:.
1620::
1612::
1589:.
1577::
1551:.
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1491::
1483::
1432:.
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1389:.
1377::
1369::
1346:.
1324::
1294:.
1272::
1264::
1258:3
1237:.
1214:.
1202::
1194::
1171:.
1159::
1136:.
1106::
1098::
1071:.
1051::
1028:.
1004::
960:.
954::
927:.
915::
907::
884:.
872::
864::
841:.
829::
806:.
794::
786::
760:.
736::
728::
722:8
701:.
695::
668:.
646::
614:.
592::
584::
557:.
533::
525::
519:7
344:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
