236:
852:"She shut the house". When the word ends with a low tone before a high tone, the high tone tends to be dropped to a mid tone. If the end of the word ends in a low tone, the last syllable may drop to a phonetic sub-low tone. Finally, a falling glide may occur at the final syllable of a word, such as in
780:
with consonants on both sides. However, if the onset contains a cluster, then the vowel cannot be closed. Additionally, consonant clusters have a maximum of two consonants and only occur in onsets, never codas, of the syllable. The possibilities for these syllables found in the middle of words can be
291:
There are fewer and fewer speakers of San
Francisco Matlatzinca. Even in a majority bilingual population, the use of Spanish is becoming increasingly dominant. The language is only spoken among the older generation and very few young people, and because Spanish is so necessary to know outside of the
303:
There is little hope that the language will persist even though younger speakers exist, but there are revitalization efforts that focus on documenting recorded audio-visual interviews, Spanish-translated materials, transcriptions, glosses, and annotated materials. This database was put together in
761:
For example, the first syllable of a word may begin with a vowel or a consonant. In this case, the syllabic vowel can be preceded with a consonant or not or may be followed by a consonant or not. The possibilities for word-initials can be summed up in these possible syllables: V-, CV-, VC-, CVC-.
835:
Matlatzinca has a high and a low tone, but as 4 phonetically distinct tones. The high and low tones are often interpreted as a pattern of stress and lack of stress, though stresses can occur both on high and low tones. Tonal changes often occur when
Matlatzinca combines 2 or more words, such as
1051:, meaning “our head.” The possessive prefix, which in this case is ø for the singular marked gender, will come after the number and gender prefixes. Given that the prefixes for plural 2nd and 3rd person are the same, tone is often used to distinguish between the two.
1153:. Verb stems often take the forms of either CVC, CVV, CVVC, or CVʰVC. Verbs include affixes for time-aspect-mode, voice, and the number of subject and object arguments. The affix for time-aspect-mode will precede the stem of the word. This can be seen in the word
284:, the group has lost much of their territory. As Franciscan orders began arriving in the territory and evangelizing to the natives, missionaries were forced to learn the languages and create grammars. In 1565 before epidemics ravaged the native populations of
808:
Frequently, the vowels in these stressed syllables will become lengthened. They also notice that this pattern of alternating stresses does not continue across phrases, but only within individual words, noting its usefulness for determining word boundaries.
1246:
is used in most verb constructions, but its meaning and function is not very clear. It appears with morphemes concerning time-aspect-mode, generally preceding the verb, but it does not come before determinant phrases, adjectives, adverbs, or prepositions.
738:. There is the tendency to drop word-final vowels if it occurs after a voiceless stop or affricate. For example, /i/ may get left off the end of a word if it is unstressed and appears after a voiceless consonant.
800:
There are no phonemes that have specific prosodic qualities ascribed to them, but there are patterns to be found nonetheless. Andrews and Shell (1945) notice that there seems to be a pattern of a
304:
2019 by
Enrique L. Palancar and Leonardo Carranza. Though it is not supposed to be a revitalization project exactly, the database provides materials to aid in future revitalization efforts.
273:
around the 12th century. After other groups began to settle around and within it, the
Matlatzinca territory became an important hub of economic activity. The economic activity prompted the
296:, it is recognized as an official language of Mexico along with Spanish and dozens of other native languages. At any one time, about half the population is in the village of
1587:, but there is not enough in the existing corpus to infer the general difference for when each case is used. Examples of different case markings can be seen in the
758:
is required of a syllable generally, though there are restrictions on whether an onset or coda is necessary depending on placement of the syllable within the word.
292:
community, it has begun to replace the
Matlatzinca language. In 2020, San Francisco Matlatzinca was spoken by around 1,245 people. Even though Matlatzinca is a
943:
The phoneme /β/ becomes labiodental when in combination with /h/, becomes a stop when accompanied by a nasal consonant, and is a fricative everywhere else.
1113:
Matlatzinca also has appreciative prefixes that preceded the stem but come after the prefixes for the number/gender and possessive. Here are some examples:
1690:
El vocabulario
Matlatzinca de Fray Andrés de Castro: estudio filológico, características fonológicas y análisis morfológico de la flexión nominal y verbal.
1817:
547:
178:
1802:
281:
615:
772:
Syllables found in the middle of words will always have an onset of either one consonant or a two-consonant cluster. The syllable can be
573:
848:
becoming a low tone. Some other tendencies are that the tone of the syllable will be drawn towards the one that follows it, such as in
976:
that are always attached to the stem are for the number and gender of the possessor. For example, the marked gender plural is used in
1354:
meaning, "you always ask me for tortillas" demonstrates a more complex sentence structure containing a subject, verb, and object.
266:, meaning "the lords of the network." At one point, the Matlatzinca groups were called "pirindas," meaning "those in the middle."
484:
442:
1807:
1580:
1150:
690:
318:
1324:
1812:
1747:
669:
240:
Reach of the
Matlatzinca languages at the start of the 20th century, and their probable expansion during the 16th century.
707:
477:
222:
662:
500:
173:
1631:
899:
603:
390:
383:
1303:
can take on different allomorphs such as , , or . The final consonant /n/ may be realized as , , , or as seen in
723:
467:
277:
to become the dominant language in the area. At this point, Matlatzinca communities began losing their language.
1640:
Sabino Nava, Rocío. "¿Somos
Ocuiltecos, Atzincas, Tlahuicas o Pjiekakjo?" Estudios de Cultura Otopame 7, no. 1.
1584:
676:
297:
868:
such as with or will be accompanied by a glottal stop on either side of the consonant. This can be seen in
972:
The stem frequently takes a few different forms such as CV, CVC, CVV, CVVC, and CVʰCVC. The only obligatory
401:
79:
317:
There are 16 phonemes in the consonant inventory of San
Francisco Matlatzinca. In some transcriptions, the
829:
339:
255:
121:
1426:
However, if there is not a direct object present, the sentence can take the order VS or SV. For example,
1267:, meaning "house." It doesn't form part of the noun, and adjectives can come between that and the noun.
825:
813:
521:
514:
111:
1822:
1279:
is mostly used in noun phrases where human nouns are used, implicating a social function, such as in
801:
116:
933:
1773:"Documentation of Matlatzinca, an Oto-Manguean language of Mexico | Endangered Languages Archive"
817:
334:
62:
917:
The phoneme /s/ becomes an affricate resembling when it is accompanied by a glottal stop as in
1605:
950:
769:: -CV or -CCV. This also means that all words will end in a syllabic vowel, never a consonant
766:
765:
Word-final syllables must always have an onset consisting of one consonant or a two-consonant
735:
697:
565:
356:
346:
293:
84:
879:
and take on the approximant /w/ when they come before the central vowels /ɨ, ə/ becoming the
1709:
1413:
329:
1374:(though containing many affixes). Within the verb is communicated the subject of the verb (
1543:
When the noun is present in a certain number, then the number denotation will always come
1391:
1379:
925:
865:
777:
351:
93:
860:
Here are examples of only some of the phonological processes that occur in
Matlatzinca:
751:
146:
52:
235:
214:
1796:
1417:
907:
876:
773:
755:
644:
539:
411:
369:
270:
891:
421:
106:
101:
1660:
Palancar, Enrique L. & Leonardo Carranza. 2019. Endangered Languages Archive.
288:, it was estimated that there were perhaps 180,000 people who spoke Matlatzinca.
821:
656:
639:
591:
227:
1260:
715:
649:
508:
258:
of Western Central Mexico. The name of the language in the language itself is
1680:
Andrews, Henrietta (1946). "Observations on Tonal Phenomena in Matlatzinca".
880:
684:
461:
432:
285:
207:
191:
1722:
1323:
Based on data provided by Escalante and Hernández, Matlatzinca utilizes an
946:
The phonemes /j, l, w, m, n/ all become voiceless when in groups with /h/.
734:
There are no glides inherent to these vowels, so it's as if they resemble
198:
844:"I danced here" with the same syllable converting to a high tone add the
747:
988:
is the plural marked gender. When there is an indefinite possessor, the
377:
274:
263:
1772:
890:
The voiced alveolar nasal /n/ is apico-alveolar normally, but becomes
776:, meaning there is no coda of consonants after the syllabic vowel, or
1670:
A Tentative Statement of Matlatzinca Phonemes and their Distribution.
989:
973:
42:
1311:. The final consonant may also fall off, and the determiner becomes
27:
Bot'una, Matlatzinca, Matlatzinca de San Francisco de los Ranchos
269:
The first group or groups of Matlatzincas likely settled in the
1299:
does not appear in nouns that are dual or plural. Furthermore,
840:"I danced" with a low tone on the middle syllable becoming
321:
symbol is replaced with the segments seen in the brackets.
1509:
Within the noun phrase, there are certain ordering rules:
820:
do hold lexical, morphological, and syntactic importance.
781:
summed up in these possible syllables: -CV-, -CVC-, -CCV.
750:
is structured around one of the vowels listed. Neither an
1628:
Matlatzinca de San Francisco Oxtotilpan, Estado de México
1606:
Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020 INEGI
631:
There are 7 vowel phonemes in San Francisco Matlatzinca.
1748:"Etnografía del pueblo matlatzinca del Estado de México"
1364:, translating to the 2nd person singular subject "you".
1295:
also appears regardless of the number of the noun, but
262:. The term "Matlatzinca" comes from the town's name in
1583:. There is also a small class of verbs that follow an
1408:
of the phrase, translating to "tortillas." The prefix
1227:
is used to mark the first person singular, such as in
1746:
Indígenas, INPI | Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos.
1626:
Escalante, R. Hernández, & Hernández, M. (1999).
1271:
is another determiner that is mutually exclusive of
1242:
As seen in both the previous examples, the morpheme
1710:
Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020
221:
205:
189:
184:
172:
162:
157:
143:
90:
78:
68:
58:
48:
38:
21:
1235:is used to mark third person singular, such as in
1688:Montijo, Etna Teresita Pascacio (December 2017).
1047:An example of possessive prefixes is in the word
1489:meaning, "I cut the branch of the tree," where
1723:"Matlatzinca, San Francisco | Ethnologue Free"
1461:marks the first person singular for the verb,
1327:word order just as English does. For example,
804:on alternating syllables, as seen in the word
53:State of Mexico (San Francisco de los Ranchos)
1648:Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas.
8:
1668:Andrews, Henrietta; Shell, Olive A. (1945).
1149:The verb system is generally aligned with a
875:The bilabial phonemes /p, β, m/ will become
1263:that indicates a noun, as seen in the word
1712:INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
1223:When speaking about an object, the suffix
234:
18:
16:Endangered Oto-Manguean language of Mexico
1481:Another common sentence structure is VO.
1692:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico.
1555:indicates that there is two of the dogs.
1457:meaning, "my teeth left/grew in," where
1163:
1053:
998:
633:
355:
345:
338:
333:
328:
323:
1702:
1390:), and finally the 1st person singular
1161:indicates the third person accusative.
1579:Matlatzinca mostly follows the system
1532:the noun in a noun phrase, such as in
1608:. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
1558:Indication of a possessive will come
1551:meaning, "two dogs." The second word
1334:meaning, "the boy is sleeping" has a
936:stop after a nasal consonant, as in
179:Secretariat of Public Education (SEP)
7:
1348:for "sleeping" in the present tense.
1076:tʰe- or t′o- (inherently relational)
282:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1157:, meaning “the women dance,” where
953:when in groups of other consonants.
1566:meaning "my son," where the affix
1521:meaning "house," where the prefix
1255:Motijo proposes that the morpheme
949:The consonants /k, t͡ʃ, s/ become
864:Consonants in Matlatzinca undergo
824:occurs in Matlatzinca, which is a
14:
1818:Endangered Oto-Manguean languages
1630:(Vol. 23). El Colegio de México.
1525:is the definite singular article.
784:Examples of these structures are
722:
706:
696:
689:
675:
668:
661:
614:
602:
572:
546:
520:
513:
499:
483:
476:
466:
441:
420:
410:
400:
389:
382:
1547:the noun, such as in the phrase
1291:is used in all the other cases.
1536:meaning "the red chili," where
1000:Prefixes for number and gender
928:when it accompanies /h/, as in
887:, transcribed phonetically as .
1803:Indigenous languages of Mexico
1528:An adjective will always come
924:The phoneme /ɾ/ will become a
300:and half away in Mexico City.
1:
1513:The article will always come
1275:, though it is very similar.
635:
1581:nominative-accusative system
1540:designates the chili as red.
1485:A VO ordering may look like
1453:A VS ordering may look like
1430:A SV ordering may look like
1207:
1195:
1181:
1168:
1165:Prefixes for verb morphemes
1151:nominative-accusative system
1097:
1085:
1071:
1058:
1034:
1024:
1013:
1003:
902:before a palatal consonant (
721:
713:
705:
695:
688:
682:
674:
667:
660:
654:
613:
601:
571:
545:
519:
512:
498:
482:
475:
465:
440:
419:
409:
399:
388:
381:
361:
1438:is the first person plural
1434:meaning, "we laugh," where
996:meaning “someone′s feet.”
1839:
1652:Retrieved 30 January 2023.
1341:for "the boy" preceding a
894:before a velar consonant (
828:, just as it does in many
1386:), the verb stem itself (
1055:Prefixes for possessives
350:
326:
252:San Francisco Matlatzinca
233:
164:Official language in
127:San Francisco Matlatzinca
74:1,245 (2020 census )
31:
26:
22:San Francisco Matlatzinca
1585:active-stative alignment
992:-ta is used, such as in
980:, meaning “coin,” where
298:San Francisco Oxtotilpan
250:, or more specifically
1808:Mesoamerican languages
1378:), that the verb is a
1352:kach'í iht'ahki imhéwi
984:is the determiner and
932:. It becomes a dental
856:Phonological processes
830:Oto-Manguean languages
122:Matlatzincan-Ocuilteco
1727:Ethnologue (Free All)
1562:the noun, such as in
1517:the noun, such as in
1416:attached to the noun
963:Prefixes and Suffixes
826:pitch-accent language
256:Oto-Manguean language
1813:Oto-Pamean languages
1140:both meaning “small”
910:when alongside /h/ (
112:Oto-Pame-Chinantecan
107:Western Oto-Manguean
1777:www.elararchive.org
1650:Gobierno de México.
1166:
1155:ki-ro-nnəʰə ne-ʃuwi
1056:
1001:
254:, is an endangered
1672:SIL International.
1590:
1561:
1546:
1531:
1516:
1504:
1496:
1476:
1468:
1449:
1441:
1407:
1373:
1363:
1344:
1337:
1287:), meaning "son."
1164:
1130:both meaning “big”
1054:
999:
921:, transcribed as .
788:"my clothing" and
742:Syllable structure
447:⟨ch⟩
416:⟨kw⟩
1588:
1559:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1502:
1494:
1487:kitohaachi-yeesaa
1474:
1466:
1455:kiʔaach-nit′osibi
1447:
1439:
1432:daʰa-kikʷentaʰati
1405:
1371:
1361:
1342:
1335:
1229:ki ron-to-seti-ki
1221:
1220:
1111:
1110:
1045:
1044:
732:
731:
702:⟨ä⟩
624:
623:
608:⟨y⟩
489:⟨x⟩
472:⟨b⟩
426:⟨'⟩
406:⟨k⟩
372:
365:
294:moribund language
245:
244:
174:Regulated by
1830:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1687:
1679:
1667:
1659:
1647:
1639:
1625:
1615:
1604:
1414:definite article
1167:
1057:
1010:Unmarked gender
1002:
726:
710:
703:
700:
693:
679:
672:
665:
634:
618:
609:
606:
576:
550:
524:
517:
503:
490:
487:
480:
473:
470:
448:
445:
427:
424:
417:
414:
407:
404:
393:
386:
368:
363:
324:
275:Nahuatl language
238:
217:
201:
194:
149:
96:
19:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1684:
1676:
1664:
1656:
1644:
1636:
1622:
1612:
1601:
1597:
1591:section above.
1577:
1392:indirect object
1380:transitive verb
1332:wetowá'a ku'íwi
1321:
1253:
1147:
970:
965:
960:
866:debuccalization
858:
798:
744:
701:
629:
607:
488:
471:
446:
425:
415:
405:
341:
315:
310:
241:
213:
197:
190:
165:
158:Official status
150:
145:
139:
97:
94:Language family
92:
71:
70:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1764:
1738:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1596:
1593:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:ʔimbot′o xiita
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:meaning “long”
1119:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
995:
987:
983:
979:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
947:
944:
941:
939:
931:
922:
920:
915:
913:
905:
897:
888:
886:
873:
871:
857:
854:
851:
850:tuko:ti mbaʔni
847:
843:
842:tahnə:bi bək'i
839:
807:
797:
794:
791:
787:
743:
740:
736:Spanish vowels
730:
729:
727:
720:
718:
712:
711:
704:
694:
687:
681:
680:
673:
666:
659:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
628:
625:
622:
621:
619:
612:
610:
600:
598:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
570:
568:
562:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
544:
542:
536:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
518:
511:
505:
504:
497:
495:
493:
491:
481:
474:
464:
458:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
439:
437:
435:
429:
428:
418:
408:
398:
396:
394:
387:
380:
374:
373:
366:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
337:
332:
327:
314:
311:
309:
306:
243:
242:
239:
231:
230:
225:
219:
218:
211:
203:
202:
195:
187:
186:
185:Language codes
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:Writing system
144:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
100:
98:
91:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
72:
69:
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39:Native to
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1549:síní tenówewi
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1007:Marked gender
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271:Toluca Valley
267:
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85:8a (Moribund)
83:
81:
77:
73:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1754:(in Spanish)
1751:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:
1685:
1677:
1665:
1657:
1645:
1637:
1623:
1613:
1602:
1578:
1575:Case Marking
1508:
1480:
1477:for "teeth."
1425:
1322:
1254:
1241:
1237:ki tu-ʔuri-ø
1222:
1148:
1112:
1049:ʔim-bot′o-no
1046:
978:ʔin-ne-tʰami
971:
859:
834:
811:
799:
783:
771:
764:
760:
745:
733:
630:
316:
302:
290:
279:
268:
259:
251:
247:
246:
206:
126:
102:Oto-Manguean
32:
1823:Matlatzinca
1617:Ethnologue.
1570:means "my."
1503:noun/object
1209:3rd Person
1197:2nd Person
1183:1st Person
1107:ro- (rori)
1102:ni- (niri-)
1099:3rd Person
1087:2nd Person
1073:1st Person
994:ʔine-moo-ta
900:palatalized
822:Tone sandhi
792:"a sheep."
592:Approximant
260:pjiekak'joo
248:Matlatzinca
228:Matlatzinca
63:Matlatzinca
33:pjiekak'joo
1797:Categories
1782:2023-10-05
1758:2023-10-05
1732:2023-10-05
1697:References
1589:Morphology
1444:kʷentaʰati
1412:denotes a
1261:determiner
1251:Allomorphy
958:Morphology
881:allophones
877:labialized
313:Consonants
280:Since the
117:Oto-Pamean
1564:wetheriwí
1471:nit′osibi
1285:wee ø-ɾiw
1015:Singular
934:retroflex
908:voiceless
892:velarized
812:However,
806:'meka'ka.
462:Fricative
433:Affricate
308:Phonology
286:New Spain
208:Glottolog
192:ISO 639-3
153:Unwritten
59:Ethnicity
1553:tenówewi
1534:inch'əmi
1491:tohaachi
1368:iht'ahki
1339:wetowá'a
1265:ʔimbaani
1172:Singular
1062:Singular
974:prefixes
838:tahnə:bi
786:t'etəʃna
748:syllable
342:alveolar
335:Alveolar
215:sanf1262
1519:imbáani
1501:is the
1493:is the
1475:subject
1473:is the
1465:is the
1446:is the
1440:subject
1404:is the
1370:is the
1362:subject
1360:is the
1336:subject
1192:kʷʰen-
1178:Plural
1082:bot′o-
1068:Plural
1036:Plural
912:nínhupí
906:), and
896:ink′aró
872:"bird."
790:inʃtəti
767:cluster
645:Central
566:Lateral
378:Plosive
357:Glottal
347:Palatal
264:Nahuatl
80:Revival
1752:gob.mx
1560:before
1530:before
1515:before
1499:yeesaa
1469:, and
1418:object
1406:object
1402:imhéwi
1358:kach'í
1346:ku'íwi
1319:Syntax
1309:ʔiɲchä
1281:weɾiwi
1231:, and
1202:t͡ʃen-
1079:bet′o-
990:suffix
951:voiced
938:s′énru
930:rhántá
885:pä'chi
870:ɾutʰan
802:stress
796:Stress
778:closed
746:Every
627:Vowels
330:Labial
168:Mexico
49:Region
43:Mexico
1595:Notes
1568:-the-
1545:after
1538:-ch'ə
1463:ʔaach
1388:-aati
1259:is a
1217:ron-
1189:kʷen-
1145:Verbs
1026:Dual
968:Nouns
926:trill
919:s′íná
814:pitch
754:or a
752:onset
657:Close
640:Front
509:Nasal
352:Velar
340:Post-
1497:and
1495:verb
1467:verb
1448:verb
1442:and
1436:daʰa
1372:verb
1343:verb
1175:Dual
1159:ron-
1136:and
1128:tee-
1126:and
1124:maa-
1094:ro-
1065:Dual
1021:ni-
982:ʔin-
904:inyá
818:tone
816:and
774:open
756:coda
716:Open
650:Back
370:lab.
364:nor.
1523:im-
1410:im-
1396:-ki
1384:-tu
1325:SVO
1307:or
1301:ʔin
1297:wee
1293:ʔin
1289:ʔin
1277:wee
1273:ʔin
1269:wee
1257:ʔin
1225:ki-
1186:to-
1138:tʰe
1134:t′o
1039:ne-
1029:te-
986:-ne
898:),
685:Mid
540:Tap
443:t͡ʃ
319:IPA
223:ELP
199:mat
1799::
1775:.
1750:.
1725:.
1683:9.
1675:8.
1663:7.
1655:6.
1643:5.
1635:4.
1621:3.
1611:2.
1600:1.
1459:ki
1398:).
1376:ih
1315:.
1313:ʔi
1244:ki
1239:.
1212:ø-
1118:ba
1018:ø-
914:).
846:bi
832:.
412:kʷ
1785:.
1761:.
1735:.
1505:.
1450:.
1420:.
1394:(
1382:(
1283:(
1233:ø
940:.
724:ɑ
708:o
698:ə
691:e
677:u
670:ɨ
663:i
616:w
604:j
574:l
548:ɾ
522:n
515:m
501:h
485:ʃ
478:s
468:β
422:ʔ
402:k
391:t
384:p
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