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Much of the ground has been altered by steam action, which is most marked on the southern slopes of the mountain, extending almost to the summit. The steam has created fumarole clays of decomposed rhyolite. The six craters on the mountain are likely of hydrothermal origin. There have been quite large
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than at present. The hot water spring activity is all to the south of the fault line. Accordingly, just to the north we have an area that is displacing at a rate of 7.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr explaining the areas complex geology.
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and closer to the south west the
Maungakaramea hot springs. To the west across the Hakereteke stream (European settlement name Kerosene Creek) valley is the slightly higher peak of
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and contrasts with ochre coloured cliffs. The flora is somewhat stunted both because of the continued geothermal activity but also as it is a regrowth area affected by the
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254:(meaning mountain of coloured earth, sometimes called Maungakakaramea and also known in colloquial English as Mount Kakaramea - but do not confuse with
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212:. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area.
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Berryman, Kelvin; Villamor, Pilar; Nairn, Ian.A.; Begg, John; Alloway, Brent V.; Rowland, Julie; Lee, Julie; Capote, Ramon (2022-07-01).
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288:. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink and ages before present. Key for the
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560:"Volcano-tectonic interactions at the southern margin of the Okataina Volcanic Centre, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand"
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Rainbow
Mountain Thermal Area, Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu), Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
746:"A late Quaternary extension rate in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, derived from fault slip data"
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hydrothermal eruptions from areas of the mountain and nearby. This erupted material overlie the 232 CE
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deposits and natural petroleum seeps occur in the area. The bare northern slopes are adjacent to the
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Berryman, Kelvin; Villamor, Pilar; Nairn, I.A.; Dissen, Russ; Begg, John; Lee, Julie (2008-06-01).
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Map of surface volcanics centred on Maunga Kākaramea ( Rainbow mountain ) with its predominant
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Its emerald coloured crater lake is a short but steep walk for the fit from a car park off
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795:"Late Pleistocene surface rupture history of the Paeroa Fault, Taupo Rift, New Zealand"
676:"The hot springs and hydrothermal eruptions of Waiotapu: Maungaongaonga Fumarolic Area"
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196:(also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a 743 metres (2,438 ft) high
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707:"Soils and geology of some hydrothermal eruptions in the Waiotapu district"
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415:. These slope's steam activity was much more marked following the last
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pumice resulting in estimated eruption ages of about 1300 CE.
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View of Maunga Kākaramea from
Rainbow Mountain Scenic Reserve
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Hydrothermal about 1315 CE, as dacite about 180,000 years ago
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another mountain) is located at the western borders of the
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318: undifferentiated basalts of the Tangihua Complex in
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Hutton, F.W. (1887). "The
Eruption of Mount Tarawera".
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Maunga Kākaramea as first mapped in 1887/88 after the
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845:"Crater Lake in Rainbow Mountain Scenic Reserve"
484:View of lake in Rainbow Mountain Scenic Reserve
472:Close up of coloured cliffs of Maunga Kākaramea
564:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
531:"LINZ: Maunga Kākaramea (or Rainbow Mountain)"
799:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
750:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
711:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
680:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
385:. White shading is selected caldera features.
8:
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176:Mt Kakaramea (Rainbow Mountain) Summit Track
636:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
284:coloured purple. The dacite to the west is
744:Villamor, Pilar; Berryman, Kelvin (2001).
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262:. To the north west is the still active
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882:Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region
877:Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region
862:Landforms of the Bay of Plenty Region
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460:Coloured cliffs of Maunga Kākaramea
114:Maunga Kākaramea (Rainbow Mountain)
21:Maunga Kākaramea (Rainbow Mountain)
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648:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1887.043.01-04.16
585:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107552
508:List of volcanoes in New Zealand
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292:that are shown with panning is:
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892:Geothermal areas in New Zealand
872:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
434:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
270:at 825 metres (2,707 ft).
244:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
731:10.1080/00288306.1963.10420090
692:10.1080/00288306.1959.10431319
1:
771:10.1080/00288306.2001.9514937
407:at the eastern margin of the
376:is lighter shades of violet),
264:Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley
210:North Island Volcanic Plateau
621:"NZTopoMap:Maunga Kākaramea"
496:Crater lake Maunga Kākaramea
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867:Hot springs of New Zealand
302:(shades of brown/orange),
45:743 m (2,438 ft)
819:10.1080/00288300809509855
401:Ngapouri-Rotomahana Fault
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403:which is a splay of the
260:Okataina Volcanic Centre
200:volcano located between
361: basaltic andesite
334: arc ring basalts
73:38.31917°S 176.37833°E
674:Lloyd, E.F. (1958).
320:Northland Allochthon
78:-38.31917; 176.37833
887:Taupō Volcanic Zone
811:2008NZJGG..51..135B
762:2001NZJGG..44..243V
723:1963NZJGG...6...70C
576:2022JVGR..42707552B
413:Taupō Volcanic Zone
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705:Cross, D. (1963).
328: arc basalts,
35:Highest point
417:Tarawera eruption
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686:: 141–176.
309:monogenetic
125:New Zealand
76: /
64:176°22′42″E
51:Coordinates
856:Categories
595:2292/59681
570:: 107552.
514:References
409:Taupō Rift
374:ignimbrite
61:38°19′09″S
827:128400528
780:129679959
656:128945495
604:248111450
290:volcanics
256:Kakaramea
216:Geography
89:Geography
41:Elevation
502:See also
370:rhyolite
353:andesite
163:Climbing
807:Bibcode
758:Bibcode
719:Bibcode
572:Bibcode
533:. 2023.
424:Tourism
411:of the
397:Sulphur
311:basalts
274:Geology
208:in the
202:Rotorua
136:Geology
121:Waikato
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343:dacite
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282:dacite
198:dacite
182:Access
823:S2CID
776:S2CID
652:S2CID
600:S2CID
206:Taupō
378:and
204:and
815:doi
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727:doi
688:doi
644:doi
590:hdl
580:doi
568:427
372:, (
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
