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were demonstrations of protest, letters sent to
Charles in Barcelona and all kind of public declarations in favour of Basset and his reforms. But a renewed Maulet revolt, this time against one whom they considered their legitimate King, all with a Bourbon army at the doors of the Kingdom ready for war, would have been suicidal. A victory of the Bourbons would have meant the return of the Botiflers, and the previous state of affairs. Consequently, Maulets resigned and stopped their protests, believing that the pretender Charles, in coming to Valencia shortly, would repair the injustice and would free Basset.
185:, via DĂŠnia, Gandia and Alzira without meeting any real resistance. When the mostly Bourbonic supporting Nobles or the fortresses tried to resist, it were the armed villagers who forced them to flee. Together with the viceroy, Duke Gandia, a long list of Nobles and âbotiflersâ siding with Philip V of Spain fled, not to Valencia, but to Castile; they did not trust the resistance of the capital, and with reason.
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exports) sided against the
Bourbon pretender, Philip V of Spain. As a part of a blockade, Valencian exports to these countries stopped, which meant a total downfall for merchants and the peasants that sold them their Valencian products. The exports to France, a land that produced and exported the same products, did not compensate them in any way for the losses.
263:, had experienced a reduction in his income, by the Maulets refusal to pay. This money was absolutely necessary to keep the very expensive army together with which he hoped to win the war. In consequence, it was necessary to stop the Maulets and their chief, general Basset, but it was needed to do it wisely and with indulgence.
174:, who probably was a leader of the Segona Germania who had escaped persecution, toured all the southern counties of Valencia explaining to the peasants that the Austrian pretender was ready to abolish all the rights of the Nobles to higher taxes than the ones imposed by Jaume I. When Joan Baptista Basset disembarked in
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Towards the end of the 17th century, a part of these new peasant population profited from the prosperity arising from cultivating and exporting mainly wine and its derivatives, brandy and prunes, and in lesser extent, silk. Then, they started to question the high payments asked by the nobility, which
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As a compensation for having lost the Moor workforce which was expelled from Spain in 1492, the King gave the nobility all the right on the lands that these people had farmed before leaving. This allowed them to impose on the newly arrived
Christian population taxes and partitions of lands which in
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In
Valencia the shouts of âLong live to Basset, before than Charles IIIâ proved the real allegiances of the Valencian Maulets. In fact, Peterborough had to turn those cannons meant to defend Valencia from the Bourbons, around to aim at the revolting population, to drive them off. During days there
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When, in 1710, the war seemed to turn back in favor of
Charles III, the city of Valencia raised again in anti-Bourbon revolt. The Maulets appeared on the streets again, awaiting in vain an Austriacista fleet that had to disembark troops at the harbour. A few remaining Valencian Maulets withdrew
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Obviously the relationships with the
Maritime powers, allied to Charles III were re-established, and the harbours were again opened to Dutch and English ships, resuming trade as before. At the same time, Basset and the Maulets arrested and ousted the most notorious âbotiflersâ, and seized their
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The city of
Valencia opened its doors to the Maulet army without resistance. On the contrary, it was received with popular enthusiasm. At the same time, news from the uprising in the Principality of Catalonia arrived, where a rebelling had expelled the âfelipistâ military and where Charles III
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The War of the
Spanish Succession had a double nature. On the one side, it was a Spanish internal issue, on the other side, it was a major European war for international hegemony. England and the Netherlands (the so-called "Maritime powers", traditional destinations of the Valencian merchants'
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On
September 11, 1714, when Barcelona fell in Bourbonic hands after a determined fight, many Maulets were counted among the fallen. Many others, amongst them General Basset, who had directed the artillery of the resistance, were arrested and imprisoned. Others, who managed to escape from the
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during the conquest of the
Kingdom, to denounce an alleged lack of legality of the exploitation by the lords, âwho treated them like Moorsâ, given the case that the Laws of the Kingdom banned these kind of taxes and tributes to the Christians. The Nobles, alleged that the King
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Thousands of Valencian refugees concentrated in Barcelona and other cities of the Principality of Catalonia. But the international events made clear the futility of carrying on the struggle. Charles III himself had signed a peace treaty with Philip V of Spain and went back to
128:. Their reasons were various, ranging from loyalty to the dynasty of the House of Austria, hate towards the French by a part of the merchants and the industrials, and distrust for the suspected centralist attitude of Philip V of Spain, as seen by the Bourbon rule in France.
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The Maulets resisted, especially in XĂ tiva, a town which had to be taken by the Bourbonics after a fierce battle, and was afterwards razed and set on fire as a reprisal. In Valencia, the Maulets tried in vain to hinder the entrance of the Bourbonic army, but
302:, or any other taxes. Charles III demanded from the authorities from Valencia to call for its payment, without too much success. But time was running out. Charles had already been forced to abandon Madrid and suffered a crushing defeat in the hands of
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It all points to the fact that count Cardona and the English general had instructions, probably from the King, to end the âexcessesâ of Basset and the Maulets, in this way trying to gain back the support of the Nobles, most of them siding with the
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Basset, now in control of the Valencian country, had to organize armed resistance against Bourbonic attacks. He realized quickly that his peasant army of Maulets was no match for the professional Bourbonic army, let alone their French allies.
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Once Basset was established in Valencia, practically exercising the function of Viceroy, and with most of the country under control of the Maulets (meaning, of the armed villagers), the first thing was to abolish all taxes to the Nobles.
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considerably reduced their profits, and tried by all means, from legal suits to armed revolt, to end this system. But the judiciary path, being fully under the control of the Nobles, proved useless; and the armed revolt, called nowadays
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on June 27, 1706. In between the popular celebrations, Peterborough secretly sent troops to XĂ tiva, with the order to arrest Basset and imprison him in a fortress in English hands. When news came out, effectively the people revolted.
352:. The Maritime powers had accepted Philip V as king of Spain and had evacuated their troops from Barcelona over sea. The Catalans and the Valencian Maulets carried on fighting for their cause devoid of international allies.
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He also tolerated, and even stimulated, a real persecution, expulsion and arrest of French citizens, mainly merchants, who were seen by the population as enemies and by the native merchants as dangerous competitors.
274:, encouraging him to take part in the fighting. They awaited an opportunity to imprison him, but were fearful of his great popularity amongst the people and feared a rebellion of the Maulets if that ever happened.
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some counties became a very high expense for the peasants. Probably, the hunger for land amongst those poor families led them to accept the conditions, and during 50 years there were no known protests.
120:(one of the component kingdoms of the larger Spanish Kingdom) as a Felip IV of Valencia, there were already many supporters of the archduke Charles of Austria in this territory, as well as in the
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and loot for personal use of the goods from the French and the Botiflers, and imprisoned them awaiting trial. Meanwhile, Basset was lured away from Valencia, first to Alzira and later on to
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revolt claimed more or less the same as the Maulets would a few years later. They refused the right of the Lords on the former Moorish lands, and called on the Medieval rights given by
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Merchants and exporters of wine, brandy, silk, and other farming products, which was politically and economically very important, contacted a key person for their cause : General
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Basset even went further and with the doubtful legality of his high office, stopped paying any kind of tax to the tax collectors of the King. He also abolished the
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and his English soldiers. Even though his arrival saved the delicate situation from enemies attacks, it also meant the creation of another political power led by
319:(the Valencian laws) âby the just right of conquestâ. The Valencian kingdom disappeared as a legal structure, and was only left as a name, empty of meaning.
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Bourbonic troops via Majorca, or who were later on freed, ended up exiled in Vienna, at the court of âtheirâ Charles III, now emperor of Austria.
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in an artisan family, who spoke the peopleâs language and knew very well their claims and needs. He had served during the wars in
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248:, with a military force independent from the Maulets and with no intention of allowing what they considered âplebeian excessesâ.
193:. This news was enough to spread the uprising through in the rest of the Kingdom of Valencia, especially in its North part, from
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The people and the Maulets were left at the mercy of the Bourbon advance. King Philip never hid his intentions to overrun the
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78:(Second Brotherhood), was crushed by the Vice-Chancellor and armies of the Nobles in the year 1693, at the "battle" of
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Cardona and Peterborough then started an offensive centred at some of Basset's collaborators, pointing to the illegal
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Charles withdrew towards Barcelona, and with him the Viceroy, the whole administration and surviving troops.
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After their military defeat, the peasants unrest loomed. New clashes were ready to start in 1700 when
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died with no sons or clear heir, setting the conditions for the War of the Spanish Succession.
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is also the name of a present-day political organisation for youths supporting
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camp, the supporters of competing claimant and eventual winner of the war,
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Sure enough, Charles III, as an owner of royal lands and main lord of the
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Basset asked Charles III for military help. The help came, in the form of
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in August 1705, a new revolt commenced and spread out everywhere.
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The occasion came when Charles III had defeated the Bourbons in
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The War of Spanish Succession in DĂŠnia (Valencia) (Spanish)
37:, who claimed the Spanish throne as Charles III during the
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When the Bourbonic armies, led by Berwick himself, laid
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Meanwhile, the Maulets continued refusing to pay the
138:General Basset was a Valencian, probably born in
367:, to fight along their comrades in Catalonia.
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359:two regiments of Valencians were formed, the
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209:, where the Maulets where specially strong.
189:himself had triumphantly disembarked in
383:Original Spanish version on Foro Libre
154:, a German Noble who had been before
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339:still in the hands of Charles III.
402:History of the Valencian Community
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152:Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt
41:. They were antagonists to the
57:Catalan independence from Spain
412:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
343:Barcelona 1714, the last stand
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407:War of the Spanish Succession
397:Military history of Catalonia
39:War of the Spanish Succession
361:Mare de DĂŠu dels Desamparats
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29:) was a partisan group of
281:and had managed to enter
122:Principality of Catalonia
22:Valencian pronunciation:
116:took possession of the
331:managed their way in.
100:expelling the Moriscos
170:Since the year 1704,
85:The peasants in this
47:Philip, Duke of Anjou
242:Earl of Peterborough
232:Clash amongst allies
166:Successful Rebellion
133:Joan Baptista Basset
304:the Duke of Berwick
118:Kingdom of Valencia
107:Charles II of Spain
365:Sant Vicent Ferrer
357:siege on Barcelona
294:Defeat and Retreat
63:Historical context
26:[mawËlets]
308:Battle of Almansa
114:Philip V of Spain
91:James I of Aragon
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261:Order of Montesa
35:Archduke Charles
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80:Setla de Nunyes
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49:(Philip V).
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300:door rights
391:Categories
96:Philip III
337:Catalonia
203:Vila-real
199:BenicarlĂł
191:Barcelona
43:Botiflers
31:Valencian
363:and the
335:towards
254:Bourbons
207:CastellĂł
183:Valencia
140:Alboraia
375:Sources
350:Austria
325:Berwick
306:in the
279:Castile
195:Vinaròs
156:Viceroy
148:Hungary
126:Majorca
53:Maulets
18:Maulets
329:Asfeld
283:Madrid
272:XĂ tiva
150:under
176:Altea
144:Italy
112:When
327:and
317:Furs
205:and
197:and
146:and
124:and
16:The
201:to
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20:(
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