52:
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interview to the newspaper Estado de Sao Paulo in which he harshly criticized the conditions in which he was detained. During this entire period he was subjected to a prison regime called "differential disciplinary", which implied being confined in a 2x3 meter cell for 23 hours a day, with one hour spent in the yard alone, in addition to being locked up 24 hours a day on
Saturday and Sunday.
107:
366:
in 2001. He was convicted and held in the
Federal Penitentiary of Mossoró, in the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Catanduva and the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Avaré in Brazil, where he served part of the 30-year sentence that he received from the Brazilian justice. A few days later, he gave an
370:
He has been singled out by journalists, scholars and members of the
Brazilian public security apparatuses as the intellectual mentor of various terrorist attacks carried in 2006 and the one who introduced terrorist practices, such as bomb attacks, bus fires and political assassinations, in Brazilian
258:
for his involvement in the murder of
Senator Guzmán. He was also convicted of infraction of the arms law, illicit association, terrorist conduct, falsification of public instruments and impersonation. He was also prosecuted for his participation in 1986 as a rifleman in the attack against Pinochet
393:
Mauricio Hernández's defense filed a complaint against the fourth chamber of the appeals court, which sought to subtract from his sentence the time he was imprisoned in Brazil for the kidnapping of businessman
Washington Olivetto, however, on May 20 of 2020, the Chilean Supreme Court denied said
223:
He was considered one of the "tough" commanders; Although he had little political preparation, he had support within the FPMR for having emerged from the lower class. Mauricio Hernández is often credited as the intellectual leader of the murder of
Senator
389:
Finally, on 2 September 2019, Judge Mario
Carroza sentenced him to two sentences of 15 years in prison, minus the 1,256 days that he spent in detention for the original sentence in Chile. Therefore, he must serve more than 26 years in prison.
807:
362:
On
February 2, 2002, Mauricio Hernández was arrested along with six other people in the town of Serra Negra after accused of the kidnapping and subsequent captivity of the Brazilian businessman
829:
147:, FPMR) where he performed some of the main military and logistical functions within the group, thus becoming one of its main leaders. During his stay at the FPMR, he acquired the nickname "
573:"O material jornalístico produzido pelo Estadão é protegido por lei. As regras têm como objetivo proteger o investimento feito pelo Estadão na qualidade constante de seu jornalismo"
859:
968:
300:
were "rescued" in an armored basket dangled from a helicopter above the High
Security Prison of Santiago where they were serving time. This operation would be known as the
797:
686:
339:, and, since they respected his military rank, he trained and came to have under his command a column of the guerrillas from that country. Later on, he migrated to
282:
572:
243:
along with his bodyguard, Agdalín
Valenzuela, who would be executed two years later by his fellow FPMR militants after being accused of having turned him in.
1090:
740:
602:"Mauricio Hernández Norambuena, "comandante Ramiro": el exguerrillero protagonista de la "fuga del siglo" en Chile que condenaron a 30 años de prisión"
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57:
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178:, at the end of the 1970s he began to participate in street protests known as the National Protest Days (in Spanish,
220:. His preparation and his intense career as his combatant led him to become one of the leaders of the organization.
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228:, carried out in 1991, which was a time where the FPMR was arguing between either continuing armed operations or
375:
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687:"Operación Vuelo de Justicia: 24 años del formidable rescate de los frentistas de Cárcel de Alta Seguridad"
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139:(born 23 April 1958) is a former guerrilla fighter and commander of the political-military organization
443:
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915:
216:'s leadership by organizing one of the four groups of riflemen in the assassination attempt against
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A direct participant in the most risky actions of the FPMR, in September 1986, he won the trust of
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to accept the extradition request made by the Chilean justice, arriving in Chile the next day.
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Posters asking for the liberty of Mauricio Hernández during his imprisonment in Brazil (2018).
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Moisés Hernández and lawyer Laura Norambuena. With all of his brothers being militants of the
601:
374:
On 19 August 2019, he was transferred from the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Avaré to the
802:
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After just over three years in prison, on 30 December 1996, Mauricio Hernández Norambuena,
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Both the FPMR and Mauricio Hernández Norambuena were declared to be terrorists by the
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741:"Ex militante del FPMR se refiere a la baja en la condena del "Comandante Ramiro""
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appeal, ratifying the 26-year sentence imposed by the courts until the year 2046.
379:
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888:"Corte Suprema confirma condena de cárcel hasta 2046 para el "comandante Ramiro""
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830:"Former Guerrilla Mauricio Hernandez Norambuena Extradited from Brazil to Chile"
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770:"The Evolution of the Most Lethal Criminal Organization in Brazil—the PCC"
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Investigations estimate that immediately after the escape he traveled to
798:"Bolsonaro extraditará sequestrador de Washington Olivetto para o Chile"
945:
340:
106:
56:
Poster with the image of Mauricio Hernández Norambuena, outside of the
23:
352:
348:
209:. With her, he traveled to Cuba to receive paramilitary training.
312:
860:"Mauricio Hernández Norambuena estará en la cárcel hasta 2046"
201:, and, in 1983, after being promoted by the FPMR militant
259:
and in 1990 against the former commander in chief of the
1029:
Los fusileros: crónica secreta de una guerrilla en Chile
275:(son of the owner of the pro-Pinochet Chilean newspaper
1015:
Un paso al frente: habla el comandante Ramiro del FPMR
969:"Matar a Pinochet: "Vamos a seguir penándole a Chile""
267:. He also recognized his actions in the kidnapping of
205:(Commander Tamara), he enlisted in the ranks of the
116:
101:
78:
68:
42:
631:"El misterio del "hombre clave" de la transición"
382:, due to the decision of the President of Brazil
155:), with which he is still widely known today.
30: and the second or maternal family name is
713:"Chilean Leftist Is Held in Brazil Kidnapping"
548:"Back in Prison in Chile: "Comandante Ramiro""
315:. After disagreements with the government of
170:Born into a socialist family, he was born to
8:
659:"Chilean Leftists Flee Jail in a Helicopter"
425:wrote a song about him in their 2016 album
50:
39:
629:Siredey E., Francisco (10 October 2015).
235:On 5 August 1993, he was arrested by the
245:
998:Mauricio Hernández Norambuena's website
768:Couthino, Leonardo (19 February 2019).
455:
355:, settling definitively in the city of
319:, in 1998 he left Cuba. He traveled to
581:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 May 2002
810:from the original on 22 November 2019
796:Mônica, Bergamo (19 September 2019).
429:(Immortals), simply titled "Ramiro".
7:
967:Mosciatti, Ezio (5 November 2020).
600:Paúl, Fernanda (2 September 2019).
254:Hernández was sentenced to double
145:Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez
122:www.mauriciohernandeznorambuena.cl
14:
546:Quiroz, Nelson (20 August 2019).
499:United States Department of State
494:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
465:Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002
442:), he is played by Chilean actor
410:), he is played by Chilean actor
285:and in countless bank robberies.
281:), in an explosive attack at the
160:United States Department of State
1091:Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
836:. 26 August 2019. Archived from
207:Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
141:Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
111:Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
105:
58:Centro Cultural Gabriela Mistral
1041:Palma Salmanca, Ricardo (1997)
185:He graduated as a professor of
62:2019–20 Chilean Social Outbreak
868:(in Spanish). 2 September 2019
749:(in Spanish). 14 December 2016
693:(in Spanish). 20 December 2020
237:Investigations Police of Chile
1:
1027:Peña, Juan Cristóbal (2007).
180:Jornadas de Protesta Nacional
137:Mauricio Hernández Norambuena
44:Mauricio Hernández Norambuena
22:, the first or paternal
806:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
775:National Defense University
404:To Love and to Die in Chile
1107:
470:Government Printing Office
271:(colonel of the army) and
17:
1076:Chilean emigrants to Cuba
896:(in Spanish). 20 May 2020
298:Patricio Ortiz Montenegro
129:
49:
402:In the 2012 mini-series
376:Federal Police of Brazil
199:Communist Youth of Chile
176:Communist Party of Chile
1081:Chilean revolutionaries
941:"Curasbun – Inmortales"
916:"Amar y Morir en Chile"
290:Ricardo Palma Salamanca
331:. There he joined the
251:
162:from 1997 until 1999.
37:Chilean revolutionary.
408:Amar y Morir en Chile
249:
578:O Estado de S. Paulo
472:. 2003. p. 72.
239:at a gas station in
1011:Hernández, Mauricio
364:Washington Olivetto
294:Pablo Muñoz Hoffman
230:tactical withdrawal
191:University of Chile
1071:Chilean communists
840:on 10 October 2019
718:The New York Times
664:The New York Times
398:In popular culture
327:and, later on, to
252:
187:Physical Education
865:Radio Cooperativa
721:. 5 February 2002
525:Libertad a Ramiro
444:Cristián Carvajal
432:In the 2020 film
371:criminal groups.
306:Vuelo de Justicia
302:Flight of Justice
261:Chilean Air Force
256:life imprisonment
153:Comandante Ramiro
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283:National Stadium
273:Cristián Edwards
218:Augusto Pinochet
172:marine biologist
149:Commander Ramiro
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73:Commander Ramiro
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435:Kill Pinochet
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975:(in Spanish)
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923:. Retrieved
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898:. Retrieved
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870:. Retrieved
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842:. Retrieved
838:the original
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583:. Retrieved
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555:. Retrieved
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529:. Retrieved
527:(in Spanish)
524:
521:"¿Mauricio?"
515:
503:. Retrieved
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417:The chilean
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317:Fidel Castro
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226:Jaime Guzmán
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125:(in Spanish)
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31:
27:
20:Spanish name
15:
1066:1958 births
920:Crew United
900:30 December
872:30 December
844:31 December
834:AMW English
814:30 December
781:30 December
753:30 December
725:30 December
697:20 December
671:30 December
643:30 December
614:31 December
585:30 December
557:31 December
552:Chile Today
531:30 December
505:30 December
325:El Salvador
278:El Mercurio
241:Curanilahue
69:Nickname(s)
60:during the
1060:Categories
636:La Tercera
450:References
427:Inmortales
195:Valparaíso
102:Allegiance
95:Valparaíso
85:1958-04-23
32:Norambuena
979:1 January
952:1 January
925:1 January
893:Teletrece
746:CNN Chile
419:punk rock
380:São Paulo
357:São Paulo
345:Argentina
321:Nicaragua
166:Biography
28:Hernández
1013:(2016).
808:Archived
607:BBC News
423:Curasbun
378:jail in
335:and the
329:Colombia
18:In this
946:Discogs
691:Resumen
341:Uruguay
189:at the
117:Website
97:, Chile
24:surname
1049:
1035:
1021:
476:
353:Brazil
351:, and
349:Mexico
130:
421:band
1047:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1019:ISBN
981:2021
954:2021
927:2021
902:2020
874:2020
846:2020
816:2020
783:2020
755:2020
727:2020
699:2020
673:2020
645:2020
616:2020
587:2020
559:2020
533:2020
507:2020
474:ISBN
337:FARC
313:Cuba
296:and
79:Born
333:ELN
308:).
193:in
182:).
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26:is
1062::
971:.
943:.
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