Max Auschnitt - Knowledge (XXG)

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longer invited to Lupescu's poker evenings. On August 18, he resigned from the UDR, citing no explicit reason. The pretext was offered by his alleged conflict of interest: Auschnitt was claimed to have tampered with a signed UDR contract in order to obtain state compensation for TNC budgetary losses. Auschnitt is cited by Argetoianu as emotionally shaken by the interpretation of facts, openly denying that the document in question was ever modified. The diarist notes that Urdăreanu, who "has a nose for these things", had come to openly disrespect Auschnitt long before heading the investigation at Reșița. This issue is attested in other records, which, Scurtu notes, show Urdăreanu constantly engaged in undermining Auschnitt's reputation. Pandrea reports that Livia Auschnitt once insulted Urdăreanu, who enjoyed Lupescu's protection.

1257: 1927: 1181:; the antisemitic legislation, passed in 1937, was tightened and extended. This regime also formalized Carol's growing disdain for Auschnitt, which reportedly began when Livia refused Carol's sexual advances, or when Lupescu grew jealous that she would not. Pandrea alleges that "the Transylvanian tease Pordea" was publicly known as Carol's second mistress, and tolerated as such by Lupescu. He believes that the conflict between Malaxa and Auschnitt exploded when Malaxa's young daughter, seduced by Carol, came to usurp Livia's role at the court. Auschnitt himself was notoriously unfaithful to his wife, spending his money on sexual escapades in Vienna. 1327:

on the border. Argetoianu partly backs this rumor, by relaying a story allegedly told by Iamandi, according to which Auschnitt agreed to cede his stock if promised immunity from prosecution. His proposal, Argetoianu notes, was simply denied. Though selected by Carol to serve as prime minister during the same interval, Argetoianu still viewed the affair as a settling of scores, and asked not to be involved on either side. With Auschnitt's taking into police custody on the evening of November 8, the censorship office was instructed to allow the publication of "any reportage that would detail the reasons behind arrest." As he was being relocated to

1783:, but reassured Schuyler that he was prepared to leave the country at a moment's notice. His offices on Câmpineanu Street was frequented by British spies Archibald Gibson and Ted Masterson, both of whom were also Freemasons; Auschnitt allegedly informed them on the state of Romania's economy. In a November 1945 interview with Mark Foster Ethridge, he spoke about the communists' zeal and incompetence as being responsible for the massive inflation. He also contended that industrial workers and peasants, wishing to be left alone, had turned virulently anti-communist. He claimed to have personally solved a labor dispute at 1127:, Auschnitt became a Senate candidate for the PNȚ. As noted by Argetoianu, the Iron Guard believed that Auschnitt was maneuvering to set up a new government team under Mihalache, which greatly enraged Codreanu and his followers; however, the allegation was dismissed by Edgar, according to whom Max was "not up to anything". Eventually, Auschnitt retook a Senate seat in Romania's 1937 legislature. During the conflicts of that year, the Iron Guard reportedly threw an explosive device at the Aleea Alexandru villa; after this incident, Auschnitt dispatched Steve to safety in England. 2025:. According to Pandrea, Auschnitt had purchased Vișoianu's services, preventing him from returning to Romania, and was using "such political beggars" for personal gain. As seen by Pandrea, "Max I is the real king, having formed his own tiny court in New York." The connection was seen as scandalous by Rădescu's League of Free Romanians. Its sources indicated that there was reason to view Auschnitt as a liability, since he had been "recently implicated in a scandal with loose women." Edgar was also noted for picking up girls from 31: 827:, who were Auschnitt's rivals at the court. Several Guardists have independently confirmed that Auschnitt advanced sizable contributions to their cause over an unspecified period—though, as noted by historian Roland Clark, these merely showed that he wanted his business protected from harm. The conflict between Codreanu and Auschnitt was finally resumed in 1934, when the Guard's press referred to "Max Auschnitt the kike", "national bloodsucker", as the power behind the throne. This notion was also embraced by the 840: 1974:, where he acquired American citizenship, though he continued to send money to Livia and his child by her. Malaxa also headed for America, but Auschnitt repeatedly sought to prevent him from settling there. As part of this conflict, he directed a press campaign which alleged that Malaxa was a communist asset. The press he sponsored overstated Malaxa's links with the Iron Guard, including unsubstantiated charges that Malaxa's home had been a mass-murder hub for the 1459:. Despite further outrage from such circles, Antonescu's courts commuted Auschnitt's sentence into forced labor at the TNC, meaning that he was effectively on parole. In October 1941, Auschnitt had offered to donate his share of the TNC to a state company. His proposal caused much embarrassment for Antonescu's ministers, since accepting under the circumstances would have looked like their blackmailing a prisoner. Antonescu himself intervened to chide Orghidan and 812:, fearing for his life, messaged Auschnitt the warning: "If you don't find a way to save me, you'll be bumped off next." According to this account, Auschnitt and Lupescu, by then a royal mistress, hid Codreanu from the authorities, and also negotiated a truce; Waldeck also claims that Auschnitt and Malaxa agreed to finance the Iron Guard, thus ensuring its political survival into the post-Duca era. The allegation was also publicized by 723:, and would therefore oppose any reduction of their profit margin. During the subsequent electoral race, the same daily hosted allegations that he and Malaxa, who also ran in the elections with government support, were financially backed by the UDR; according to this source, Auschnitt had personally diverted 10 million lei from the salary fund, and was using it in the campaign. Balance sheets released in mid-1932, at the height of the 852: 1914:, the communist party organ, depicted Popp and Auschnitt as "common criminals who, for years on end, have been robbing and demeaning thousands of working men and women, exploiting the blood out of them." Although Auschnitt was the richest among alleged conspirators, and therefore "afforded great attention by prosecutors", his name was not included on the spurious list of would-be coup leaders. He was also the only 831:(FR), a far-right dissidence of the PNȚ, whose newspapers claimed that "the kike Max Auschnit" had steadily raised the price of iron after 1930. As Damian argued: "He, the Jew from Galicia, determined whether of not the Romanian peasant deserved to own a plow . He dictated the price of nails, of corrugation, of iron, or heating stoves, of gutter pipes, of anything iron-related". 1468:, reported capital gains of 37.8 million lei obtained from the Auschnitt and CEPI transactions. Meanwhile, operating through the Cisatlantic and Cisoceanic consortia, Edgar was able to purchase an interest in the Romanian munitions manufacturer, IRMC. He finally moved to the United States in early 1942. Here, a forge equipment he had ordered in 1939 was confiscated by the 1512:, and may have contributed to the halting of all such transports. Auschnitt also partnered with Arthur Tester, whom he himself described as "naturally an anti-Semite, but a civilized one"; Tester organized transports of Romanian Jews to Palestine in exchange for Auschnitt's cash. Auschnitt donated for a "makeshift healthcare center" at the Jewish labor camp in 1764: 2000:, the two wings reached an agreement in May 1949, but again quarreled and split up in December 1950. During the subsequent row, Rădescu opened a civil lawsuit against members of Michael's retinue, alleging that, on Auschnitt's orders, they had dilapidated 3 million Swiss francs from the RNC's pool. In parallel, the RNC successfully called in the 2138:. Pordea took his accusers to court, and the claim was dropped once Pacepa refused to testify. Zamfirescu, who appeared as a witness, argues that the case was also harmed by a technicality: since journalist Agathe Lojard had called Pordea a spy, under French law she needed to prove that he had actually stolen military or economic secrets. 679:, thrived on government contracts. As noted by economic historian Horațiu Dan, these figures "prospered strictly from contracts involving the state." Similarly, historian Ioan Scurtu mentions the "huge profits" collected by Auschnitt and Malaxa from such ventures, and how these were shared with Carol and his courtiers, including 1447:, as Romania remained closely aligned with Germany. In April, Livia obtained that the seal be lifted on her Bucharest home, but the regime used this occasion to inspect the premises. Prosecutors reportedly found a trove of foreign currency, which they confiscated, preparing to have Max Auschnitt placed on trial for tax evasion. 1712:, whom he advised to recruit economic experts from outside the PCR. According to Auschnitt's own data, the Soviet state took over 30% of UDR shares as part of the reparations plan, their assistance actually preventing the factories from going bankrupt. He and Malaxa were considered for a partnership in the forestry 1394:

D. Dumitrescu publicized a full record of illegal deals involving Malaxa (who had left the country on an extended leave), but Carol ordered Marinescu not to follow up on this lead. On March 14, Auschnitt was sentenced to a six-year term in labor camps, and ordered to pay back 200 million lei (approximately 140,000

1806:, who served as Romanian ambassador to the US, and whom he mistakenly identified as an anti-communist, with a plan to sabotage Romania's maize production; when his offer was rejected, Auschnitt "tried to demoralize Ralea, telling him that he held information that Ralea was viewed with suspicion by the Soviets." 877:, whom he was set to marry in September 1933. The wedding was called off, allegedly because Lenore favored another lover. Auschnitt remained noted for his escapades with film stars and high-society ladies, before finally marrying Livia Pordea (also rendered as Prodea or Pordeanu), from a political family of 1393:

men prosecuted for their alleged misdeeds. As noted by researcher George Enache, the affair showed the power that of Romanian secret services had in influencing legal procedures, especially so since Malaxa, whose name had been cited in similar allegations, was never convicted. In February 1940, an I.

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A "public enemy number 1", Auschnitt was also expected to relinquish his UDR shares. According to one account, he agreed to sell only if he was guaranteed immunity from prosecution and allowed to settle in France, where Livia had already relocated. A deal was reached, but Auschnitt was still arrested

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by "sacrificing his own kikes". The interpretation is partly backed by sociologist Mictat Gârlan, according to whom "Max Auschnitt, a man close to the Royal House", was arrested "only because he was Jewish." The disgraced courtier kept in his desk a document showing that Carol was fully responsible

1869:; one of the readers approached him to ask: "Aușnit is a Jew, and so are you. Does this mean that you Jews also fight with each other?"; Schwartz responded in writing, arguing that Auschnitt sided with the "capitalist Jews", engaged in class struggle with the proletarians—Romanians and Jews alike. 1695:

took over as prime minister, noting with alarm that Auschnitt had resumed his conflict with Malaxa, to the point of paralyzing Romania's transport industry. That same month, when he founded a Swiss Balkan Finance and Trading Company, Auschnitt was registered as residing on Câmpineanu Street, 2. He

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would commence "the purge" of Romanian industry. On November 14, the authorities raided TNC offices, arresting general manager Constantin Naghi and four other directors who, they claimed, were "controlled by Aușnit". They also detained an unnamed witness, whose testimony allowed them to recover 10

1366:, allegedly pursuing an affair with Kurt von Haugwitz-Reventlow. Argetoianu assesses that Auschnitt's imprisonment had by then brought a great surge in the king's popularity, since the public, especially the "nationalist and antisemitic circles", could now believe that the tide was turning on his 1817:

precisely because he could then escape, together with his "many children". Sources differ as to where his brother-in-law was living at the time. A report by the Soviet spy S. Pivovarov, issued in June 1947, claims that Auschnitt "has been in the US for over a year", and that, with Malaxa, he was

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in 1943–1944, Max Auschnitt had spent some time there, and had been allowed to refurbish a bathroom, which became the communal laundry room. Antonescu was lenient toward Auschnitt, dispatching him to a sanitarium, but also continued to enforce and enhance antisemitic laws. Such policies remained

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In July, Carol shelved the plan for an Anglo–Franco–Romanian joint venture, reportedly objecting that its two would-be managers, Auschnitt and Oskar Kaufmann, were Jewish. Later that month, Orghidan, who was seen as "Auschnit's man", was voted off the UDR board. Soon after this, Auschnitt was no

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that he and his colleagues had been liberated from being "exploited by Auschnitt and other bandits". Auschnitt's entire estate had by then been confiscated, and the villa on Aleea Alexandru was assigned to Groza, who lived there for the rest of his life; it later housed the Argentinian Embassy.

1224:, who had once served as Auschnitt's employee, attempted to engineer a government reshuffle and steer Romania back into the anti-German camp. Auschnitt was often credited as the mastermind behind Tilea's action, though Tilea himself later revealed that he was urged on by people close to Malaxa. 1880:

and conspiracy against the constitutional order, at Bucharest's Military Tribunal. A mandate was issued for his arrest, but he could not be located. Auschnitt's defection happened just before he could be implicated in a show trial against engineer Popp, himself accused of having masterminded a

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Auschnitt's first marriage was to a Jewish woman, Nelly, who in March 1924 gave birth to a son, later known as Steve Aușnit. Her father, the banker Arnold Aronovici, cemented Auschnitt's links with British capital, and allegedly plotted with him to bring in a small British firm, Stewart &

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After his departure, Max Auschnitt was mentioned in the 1954 show trial of Pătrășcanu, whom the communist leadership now identified as an enemy of the regime; his "trusted man" inside the Communist Party, Samuel Margulies, was brought in as a celebrity witness for the prosecution. The exiled

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Auschnitt was secretly backing Rădescu's coalition against the rising PCR, who wanted Groza as prime minister. In early 1945, the two rival camps clashed in the streets of Bucharest, leading to a communist takeover. As reported by Pandrea, Auschnitt unsuccessfully supported an anti-communist

1488:. This stipend of 6,000 British pounds was Gafencu's main source of revenue in 1943. During August 1942, Antonescu was informed that the UDR management was running a 16-bed clinic for its 11,000 employees, and gave orders to remedy this situation. In recounting the episode, Gelu Vifor of 1450:

In December 1941, Antonescu noted of Auschnitt: "once a kike, always a kike". He openly acknowledged that Auschnitt was in fact innocent of any crime, and favored allowing him to leave Romania if he would transfer all his property to the state; this attempt was foiled by protests from

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for his investments in that city's industry, which include a freight terminal. In mid-2001, controversy erupted in Reșița after the Auschnitt and Malaxa families filed notices with the city hall, demanding the return of confiscated assets. Together with his brother Robert, Steve sued

1716:(Soviet–Romanian joint venture), until Groza vetoed the proposal. Auschnitt, who expressed his disdain for SovRoms and for Malaxa's willingness to participate in them, had recovered some of his UDR stock. He was still prevented from reusing his villa, which was requisitioned by the 1547:, who became close friends with the industrialist. Upon release, the latter began financing the underground movement, which now intended to topple Antonescu. His donations, formally presented as humanitarian contributions for jailed militants, reached Pătrășcanu through PCR proxies 896:. Respecting the wishes of his in-laws, Auschnitt abandoned Judaism and converted to Catholicism. Reputedly, the issue of his conversion only served to enrage his Guardist adversaries. It also caused a polemic in religious circles, sparked by the observation that the Pordeas were 1683:, which included minute details on communist networks active in Romania. Signaling his anticipation of a communist takeover, Auschnitt "mapped out a plan of action", including the creation of a pro-capitalist "information service within the workers' world". In September, the 4415: 1564:

was working on the case, insisting that Nazi spies were to prevent Auschnitt from leaving Romania. During the early months of 1944, Auschnitt was reportedly allowed access into the Ministry of National Economy, alongside Orghidan. He was allegedly spotted there by jurist

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proclaimed that the trial had exposed Romanian capitalists for colluding against the Soviet Union and "our democratic regime's economy". This, Luca inferred, made Romanian–Soviet economic cooperation all the more imperative. In July 1952, a UDR trade unionist wrote in

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for stalling. In January 1942, Auschnitt sorted the issue by appointing Orghidan as caretaker of his estate, which allowed for TNC stock to be issued and bought by the state using Auschnitt's money. In May 1943, the UDR, managed at the time by Göring and physicist

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Eventually, Antonescu's review of previous court verdicts reached Auschnitt's case. Unusually for a Jew in that context, he was cleared of the charges and released on July 3, 1942. Around that time, Auschnitt managed to transfer money from his accounts with the

2286: 329:. Such behavior drew negative attention to his businesses, particularly since Auschnitt used his political connections to secure Romanian state contracts, on which his fortune largely rested. His alleged corruption, along with his ethnicity and his publicized 1027:. Auschnitt had remained discreetly involved in political life, a sponsor of the least radical nationalist platforms, leading to paradoxes. One such "incongruity" is noted by Pandrea, according to whom the PNȚ used Auschnitt's "recent subsidies" to publish 1166:. In February 1938, Auschnitt announced that he was giving up on politics and moving abroad, sparking alarm that he was going to create chaos by also giving up on his managerial duties. As he explained at the time, he only pondered exile because of Goga's 1318:, which made him a target for retribution. Argetoianu adds speculation that Carol was resentful because his stocks in the Lujani sugar refineries, obtained from Auschnitt, had been subject to litigation; or that the king intended to please 477:, who described the Auschnitts' naturalization as based on "dubious certificates". Known in early records as "Osias Ausschnitt", Max's father had a background in the iron trade. He registered his own import–export firm in the port city of 1679:. Immediately following these events, Auschnitt sent letters home demanding that Antonescu aide Valentin Georgescu face punishment for his wartime activities. He also asked to purchase the archives captured from Antonescu's spy chief, 2115:

of his own make. As argued by Zamfirescu, this precariousness led to his recruitment by Securitate agents, who used him to influence public opinion in favor of Communist Romania. In 1984, he became the first Romanian to serve in the

498:, who was to become his political associate. This is contradicted by other records, which note that Olias had been moved back into Austria-Hungary "shortly after Max's birth", meaning that the latter spent all his childhood years in 510:. Upon regaining Romania, he formed a commercial firm dealing in Austrian sheet-iron imports, and then set up the Kingdom's first wire manufacturing plant. Rumors surfaced that such ventures were being propped up financially by the 1362:, stripped Edgar Auschnitt of his citizenship; Max lost his four days later. Edgar had by then escaped to London, which allowed government to confiscate and redistribute his assets in Romania. Livia, meanwhile, was spotted on the 542:(UDR). According to his own account, he was asked to become full manager of that company in 1929, after stocks had plummeted. He established an empire that included the UDR, as well as smaller factories or mines in such places as 1231:

Commenting on Max Auschnitt's character in his own diary, Carol surmises: "A Yid is still a Yid, no matter how nice he might be as a man." Urdăreanu allegedly concluded that Auschnitt had also "clogged" the UDR with Jews and

1310:, specifically designed to harm Auschnitt; the latter was being interrogated by prosecutors regarding his UDR contracts. Business rivals where then allowed to engineer a trial against Auschnitt, who was accused of fraud and 2213: 529:

Economist Nicolae Păvălucă suggests that Max Auschnitt built his personal wealth around the Galați nails factory that was sold to him by Niță Caltofeanu "not long after the first world war". He moved his offices to the

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attempting to channel American funding for Romania's industrial effort. Other accounts suggest that Auschnitt remained in Romania for several years, although being singled out by Groza's government as a sponsor of the

1406:, offering to split his UDR shares between CEPI and Malaxa's companies. This message failed to impress. His UDR stock was confiscated without him being involved. Auschnitt's shares were reportedly split between the 1813:, the Pordeas were actually protected by Groza, who allowed both Gustave and Livia safe passage when their father promised to donate all his assets to the Romanian state. Gustave was sent to an "obscure post" in 1735:, who reassured them that he was only allied with Groza and the PCR until a change of setting would allow him to break away. Resuming his lifestyle, Auschnitt organized a lavish party for New Year's Eve, serving 5760: 734:

alleges that Auschnitt had corrupted his old friend Madgearu, who was by then the PNȚ ideologue, ensuring that Madgearu never acted in the interest of Romanian peasants. According to files kept by agents of the

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I. K. Petea, "Controlul importurilor sub regimul negociabilității devizelor. Ordine de preferință pentru materii prime și semi-fabricate.—In ce condițiuni se va putea ocroti producția industrială indigenă", in

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in an attempt to promote Christian anti-fascism. It remains more credibly attested that Auschnitt was by then a sponsor of anti-fascist campaigns in various other newspapers and journals. However, the outlawed

1078:. Prat claimed that Auschnitt sponsored his diplomatic mission, though, as noted by scholar Judith Keene, this too was an attempt by the businessman to appease the Romanian fascists. In August 1937, the FR's 3210: 4768: 959:

the steed Firdussi, which he then presented as a gift for Carol. According to reports by Carol's lawyer George de Berea, Auschnitt and Malaxa met in Lupescu's house for poker matches, using gold coins as

1798:. Also to these sources, the effort was coordinated by American envoys. Alexandru Grigoriu, himself an industrialist and a Mason, noted that Auschnitt personally handled grants for Titel Petrescu and 1346:. He cited his "moral debt" to Auschnitt in an attempt to recuse himself, but Carol insisted that he pursue the investigation, noting that Auschnitt was symptomatic for a "corrupt system", and that a 1889:. Contrarily, historian Lucian Nastasă believes that the prosecutors were correct in describing Auschnitt as a Petrașcu supporter, and also in identifying Auschnitt as the UDR sponsor behind a large 1355:

that Auschnitt had deposited with his former father-in-law, Aronovici. Prosecutors also looked into another issue of conflicting interests, noting that Auschnitt had used CEPI to buy off UDR assets.

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plead for financial assistance, before presenting them with a literal wall of cash, and asking them to pick out a layer of money. His social advancement also raised the profile of Livia's brother,

5715: 2052:. According to Căplescu, it remained a "modest enterprise", never matching the success of his earlier ventures in iron and steel. Auschnitt spent the remainder of his life at a luxurious home on 5825: 2572: 1918:

defendant at that trial, and was sentenced to life imprisonment "for the crime of high treason" on November 2, 1948 (though believed by some authors to have received a second death sentence).

1527:, to which he transmitted some of Antonescu's earliest offers to the Allies. Antonescu reportedly offered to restore liberal democracy (as well as "social justice"), and also to bring about a 869:; this scheme also involved some in the PNȚ, in particular Madgearu. Nelly died "after brief suffering" on February 16, 1927, aged 26. Max was then engaged to Leonora Brooke, daughter of the 465:

ancestry. A hostile piece by journalist Romulus Damian claims that the Auschnitts, including Max's father Olias, his mother Clara, and his elder brother Edgar, had illegally crossed into the

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was moving away from a position in which it too had accepted Auschnitt's bribes (according to Arghezi, the industrialist only sought out Stancu after this relationship broke down). Ahead of

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journalists commented that the event was in poor taste, at a time when Romania's children were starving; they appealed to Auschnitt's Christianity, asking him to donate more to charities.

1658:, as potential Nazi spies. This referred to their links with Tester, which, Auschnitt convincingly explained, had reaped humanitarian benefits for Romanian Jews. Auschnitt was released at 380:

replacing him as dictator. Despite being antisemitic, this new regime bargained over TNC shares, and finally cleared Auschnitt of all charges in 1942. Once freed, he turned to sponsoring

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Auschnitt confessed being taken by surprise when Carol appointed Goga as Premier, as the king never mentioned his plans to his poker partners. Early in 1937, he and Blank, together with

4326: 1978:. According to journalist Romulus Căplescu, this allegation was not proffered by Auschnitt ("a decent, common-sense person"), but was rather the product of spontaneous sensationalism. 1583: 1216:, as proposed to Carol by the Polish government. From March 1939, Carol directed Romania's political and economic rapprochement with Germany. This move alienated Auschnitt, who feared 5745: 2170:

for ownership of his father's TNC, which resulted in some compensation for property lost during the nationalization. He also received back the family villa, but sold it to politician

1873: 566:. Auschnitt went on to serve as President of the Banat's General Association of Industry and Vice General of the Union of Industrialists of Romania. Dubbed "iron king" and "Romania's 632:. A "brainchild of the Aușnit brothers", CEPI also provided security for Vickers' return on investments, which, in Monaco, were "free of currency restrictions and political danger". 1822:. As such, he was briefly detained in 1947. Schuyler finally warned him that his life was in danger, prompting Auschnitt to relocate in France at some point before August 15, 1947. 1829:

suggest that Auschnitt, like Malaxa, successfully persuaded communist ministers to let him leave for the United States as a negotiator of trade deals. The allegation was stated by

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terrorist plot. As noted by memoirist Aurel Savin, the "judicial fabrication" was visible from the list of defendants, which included Auschnitt, a Jew, alongside the Iron Guard's

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was particularly at fault for the gaffe. In August 1948, Auschnitt was included on a list of exiles who were stripped of their Romanian citizenship—alongside Lupescu, Mociornița,

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renewed their commitment to defending Poland from Nazi encroachment. Historian R. P. T. Davenport-Hines suggests that Auschnitt may have been responsible for strengthening the

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Emanuel Constantin Antoche, Matei Cazacu, "John Eppler, spionul Abwehr-ului, petrolul românesc și planurile de anexare a Basarabiei de către sovietici în anii 1939–1940", in

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that same day, Argetoianu read his grounds for indictment and concluded that his friend was not in fact innocent, though the trial he faced was likely to be unfair. Writer

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from Iron Guard cooperatives, as a means to disguise his purchase of influence. However, protection remained uncertain: according to one report, an associate of the Guard,

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on June 15, 1944, also transported businessmen Alexandru Racotă and Radu Hurmuzescu. In British records, their group was code-named "Yardam", and Auschnitt was "Cocoon".

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Richard Peter Treadwell Davenport-Hines, "Vickers' Balkan Conscience: Aspects of Anglo–Romanian Armaments, 1918–39", in Richard Peter Treadwell Davenport-Hines (ed.),

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at the Credit Bank, from which they drew a profit of 6 million lei between them. Their momentary success was offset by Edgar Auschnitt, who lost 3 million lei playing

381: 1335:, who covered the trial as a young reporter, contrarily noted that Auschnitt was not guilty, and that his "concise", "hard-hitting" self-defense was proof in itself. 2511: 823:

According to historian Grigore Traian Pop, the claim that Auschnitt was Codreanu's sponsor is fundamentally inaccurate, and planted in the public arena by Blank and

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Teodor Necșa, "Concesiunile înrobitoare acordate de statul burghezo-moșieresc romîn în perioada 1929–1933 capitalului străin, în vederea construirii de șosele", in

1975: 1444: 1732: 5705: 924:, and partly redecorated by Auschnitt himself, it was situated very near to Malaxa's residence. The Billionaires' Club, which reunited Auschnitt with Malaxa and 5635: 5690: 609:

controlled 60% of UDR shares, while Vickers had an additional 13%. From 1934, the UDR agreed to co-sponsor all state orders for Vickers canons and ammunition.

4464: 4748: 4416:"Apostolii lui Stalin: Petru Groza, ultimul burghez. De la tentativa eșuată de suicid la idila cu Elena Lupescu și 'divorțul decent și elegant de monarhie'" 1926: 1236:, and insisted that this was additional proof of malfeasance. Argetoianu additionally reports that both Auschnitt and Kaufmann had by then been involved in 487:, and which Max would later treble. The family home in Galați was situated across from that of Panait Malaxa, uncle of Auschnitt's lifelong business rival, 1819: 593:

in capital. This enterprise alone had 17,000 salaried workers, covering 80% of Romania's steel production, and 50% of locomotives, while acquiring most of

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Marin Pop, "Întrunirile politice național-țărăniste de la Sovata în perioada 1933–1938. Iuliu Maniu versus Alexandru Vaida-Voevod și camarila regală", in

1996:(RNC) as an outlet for the PNȚ, while Malaxa backed the more right-wing Rădescu as leader of the movement. After negotiations overseen by the exiled king 727:, showed the UDR having "a net profit of 47 million, in addition to a share capital of 750 million, despite huge unemployment and permanent downsizing." 5695: 5630: 5539: 4936: 616:. He was also among the managers of various foreign companies in Central Europe, as well as of Romanian-based companies, including Chrissoveloni and the 2056:. He died there after a prolonged illness, on January 18, 1957 (though several sources cite 1959). His death was closely followed by that of his friend 1691:, and allowed to assist in reconstruction. His 1940 trial was again up for review in November, when another court confirmed his innocence. In December, 1861:, before most of it was transformed into a SovRomMetal in August 1949. In September 1948, Titan was taken over by communist workers, and renamed after 249:(February 14, 1888 – January 18, 1957), was a Romanian businessman and political figure, one of his country's most prominent industrialists during the 5670: 1988:. Auschnitt's allegations were partly successful, in that Malaxa never applied for naturalization. Both rivals became engaged with the anti-communist 5835: 5730: 5680: 5675: 5370: 3066:

Grigore Traian Pop, "'Democrația e pusă în slujba marii finanțe naționale sau internaționale jidovești'. Bancherii în bătaia puștii legionare", in

2724: 683:. According to Scurtu, Carol was first persuaded to form this ring in June 1931, when Malaxa and Auschnitt presented him with a large bag of cash. 5845: 5610: 4125: 3135: 2765: 1872:

A full confiscation of all property owned by Auschnitt and Malaxa, and a confirmation of their loss of citizenship, was rendered official by the

675:(PNȚ), were reportedly serving on the TNC's executive board. Such connections became the source of controversy, since Auschnitt, like Malaxa and 5840: 2975:

Gelu Ureche, Valeriu Buduru, "Organizații extremiste de dreapta în anticamera Gărzii de fier. Mercenarii diversiunii își numără rîndurile", in

1456: 1343: 888:

The wedding came in January 1935, at the same time as Auschnitt's conflict with the Iron Guard, and therefore had to take place in secrecy, at

5061: 352:

Auschnitt found himself at odds with Carol after a string of matrimonial, economic, and geopolitical disputes. Marginalized by the passage of

5735: 5655: 5645: 5486: 5456: 5432: 5418: 5319: 5217: 4504: 4282: 4133: 3742: 3643: 3504: 3366: 3092: 1039:

on Romanian exports as a means of preventing "weak-currency countries" from competing with local factories. In August 1936, he published in

5860: 5565: 1705: 1701: 1256: 668: 1958:, including its furniture. The brothers' Galați home was also taken over by the state, and from 1968 was used as a museum, showcasing the 1047:", demanding protectionist measures in agriculture and mining. He was reportedly rejected by the PNȚ rank-and-file. In September 1934, a 699:, at some point in 1928. Although he ran and won as an independent, he received official backing from the PNȚ administration in both the 979:. He intended to purchase, and thus rescue, the Teitler house in Galați, which popular opinion claimed as the house of a national hero, 1612: 1539:, who described him as a "distinguished man when it came to his relations with others". The camp also held some leading members of the 1281:

openly celebrated the Auschnitts' downfall. Auschnitt's opposition to Nazi policies entered a new stage in March 1939, just before the

416:

again withdrew Auschnitt's citizenship, before pronouncing him guilty of treason. This charge referred to Auschnitt's involvement with

5685: 5605: 5600: 2197:

Cerasela Moldoveanu, "În căutarea lui Schwartz... Contribuția evreilor la Războiul de Întregire Națională a României (1916–1919)", in

1993: 1469: 935:

Argetoianu reports that, in 1937, Auschnitt also attempted to buy a portion of Romania's sugar industry from Creditanstalt, which had

535: 429: 5815: 5810: 5740: 5650: 5519: 5378: 5337: 5298: 5273: 5252: 5231: 4858: 4174: 2801: 2732: 1655: 1662:, but his "lavishness with money" remained a point of contention for the remainder of his stay. On July 5, a military court of the 1615:. Aviator Matei Ghika-Cantacuzino, who was Auschnitt's personal friend, agreed to fly him into Allied territory. They used Ghika's 1666:

issued warrants for all fugitives. Auschnitt was charged with defection to the enemy and instigating desertion. He was then tried

1492:

newspaper commented: "Max Aușnit and the racketeering politicians financed by that dastardly kike should take note of this truth:

5615: 5595: 5349:

Mictat Gârlan, "Experiența României în dreptul minorităților până la alegerea lui Klaus Iohannis ca președinte al românilor", in

2532: 1245: 940: 2287:"Fiul marelui industriaș Max Aușnit a primit cheia orașului în care a construit cea mai modernă parcare de camioane din România" 2096:("Max and His World"), where he is caricatured as the eponymous Max Gros. In 1985, the Romanian communist authorities allowed 1544: 1795: 1286: 1124: 1035:

Romania's heavy industry. At a meeting of the General Union of Industrialists in November 1935, Auschnitt himself argued for

897: 746: 704: 700: 454: 254: 5765: 2178:. Steve continued to work in the plastics industry, filing his last patent in 2017, two years before his death in New York. 577:(TNC) chain, which is claimed to have employed over 4,900 workers. Through this group, formed in 1924, Max was connected to 2990:

Constanța Știrbu, N. Trohani, G. Trohani, "Inginerul Constantin C. Orghidan (1874–1944). Studiu genealogic și istoric", in

1809:

Working as a diplomat, Gustave Pordea sensed the changing of fortunes, and opted to defect in 1947. According to historian

1531:, in exchange for guarantees that Romania would maintain its 1939 borders. Around that time, Auschnitt was interned at the 1434:. The Guard opened up Lupescu's residence, reportedly showing that she still kept Livia Auschnitt's portrait. According to 612:

Auschnitt claimed that Edgar alone ran TNC from 1929, but his connections to that company surfaced in later talk about his

5755: 1838: 1684: 1407: 1217: 657: 393: 4226: 1189: 1090:; he also hinted that such messaging was vetted by the PNȚ, which was courting the far-right. During that same interval, 749:, ethnicity and a high profile in financial life made Auschnitt a topic of antisemitic libel, including blackmail by the 5820: 3734: 1834: 1784: 1780: 1532: 1524: 1193: 594: 1020: 820:. He noted that Guardists took Auschnitt's money while still reining violence on lower-class Jews, who were powerless. 5830: 5590: 5561: 3467:

Antonio César Moreno Cantano, "Guerra de propagandas en Rumanía durante la contienda bélica española (1936–1939)", in

2150: 2001: 1862: 1167: 724: 353: 1794:, as members of the Big Finance Club, had agreed to sponsor opposition groups, including the PNȚ, in preparation for 1704:. On March 9, 1945, as Groza formed a communized cabinet, Auschnitt catered champagne for a pro-communist group, the 1275:

places blame for Auschnitt's ouster on the "antisemitic campaign in Rumania, financed by the Nazis." In Germany, the

672: 301: 167: 5855: 5660: 3942: 1882: 1858: 1768: 1744: 1599:

Also in early 1944, Auschnitt was reportedly dragged into the power struggles within the Communist Party—assisting

1271:

as evidence that a "British pawn" had lost to a "pawn or half-pawn of the German financiers". Similarly, economist

1178: 1032: 421: 357: 2080:, as the cuckolded and blackmailed "Leizer Gherson". Auschnitt's death was closely followed by the publication of 473:, and then bribed the authorities into obtaining citizenship. This claim was repeated in 1939 by Justice Minister 5865: 5388: 2145:, and was consequently re-baptized ITW Zippak. Steve Aușnit, who provided a scholarship for Romanian students at 1728: 1575:

described Auschnitt as: "an apostate Jew, close friend of the Nazi Puppet Premier of Romania General Antonescu".

1220:. His memorandum on the matter reached Carol and Madgearu, but had no success. The same month, Romanian diplomat 1083: 798: 424:'s Iron Guard cells. Stripped of his Romanian properties, Auschnitt relaunched himself as an entrepreneur in the 2124:. During his tenure, accounts emerge that he was a covert agent, and that he had used Securitate funds to bribe 2111:

Gustave Pordea was left destitute by his brother-in-law's departure, and for a while only made a living selling

1970:, but grew estranged from his wife, and decided to settle as a bachelor in the US. He joined Edgar and Steve in 1378:" were baffled by Carol's clampdown, and exaggerated its meaning. He illustrates this with a quote from General 1328: 2694:

Andrei Popescu, "The Romanian Telephone Company under the Administration of Grigore Filipescu (1930–1938)", in

1959: 1791: 1588: 1540: 1509: 1427: 1095: 968: 786:

cited Auschnitt exclusively as a "warmonger"—a charge which appears for instance in a February 1934 article by

783: 470: 406: 2939:

Argetoianu III, p. 210 & VII, p. 312; Cioroianu, p. 107; Enache, p. 193; Pandrea (2011), pp. 177, 191, 227

1708:, later becoming Vice President of its Economic Section. He claimed to have been approached by Soviet General 1675:

During the coup, Auschnitt's car was reportedly borrowed by Pătrășcanu, who used it to transport Groza out of

1497: 1370:. He comments on demonstrative gestures by the authorities, which included forcing Auschnitt into the regular 1359: 1277: 715:

on sugar. At the time, Auschnitt himself admitted that his Creditanstalt was trying to collect the 50-million

481:

on June 14, 1884. Olias steadily amassed a large fortune, which in 1908 included one of Romania's two largest

1790:

Under interrogation by communist authorities, several Freemasons reported that Auschnitt and Reșița engineer

1696:

and Malaxa both entered a new Masonic Lodge, called Lanțul de Unire, where, in 1945, they initiated Hulubei.

1566: 1289:

in that he circulated an alarmist claim, namely that Germany had issued an ultimatum for Romania to join the

1086:

favoring Romanians as a positive. Vaida hypothesized that Auschnitt's baptism had changed his perspective on

5775: 5625: 5532: 5507: 2121: 2017: 1724: 809: 794: 762: 5329: 2871:"Ultima oră. Uzinele U. D. R. fură muncitorilor cinci milioane lei. Cântecul candidaturii lui Ziarilă", in 1845:; she implied that Auschnitt had won them over with his patriotic rhetoric. Pauker's faction believed that 257:

immigrants, he spent much of his youth abroad, returning in the 1910s to set up business as an importer of

5770: 5367:

Fighting for Franco: International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939

5066: 2450:"Max Auschnitt, Zaharov 1938. L'homme le plus riche de Roumanie s'exile volontairement en Angleterre", in 2101: 2022: 1842: 1647: 1631: 1592: 1569:, who exclaimed: "There is that con artist Aușnit, walking about like it's nobody's business." A piece in 1557: 1481: 1452: 1282: 1201: 1079: 1066:

were dismissed by the party press as "intended to stoke the people's animosity". With the outbreak of the

996: 901: 817: 787: 648: 519: 433: 389: 346: 161: 30: 4360: 3538: 2599: 1460: 1075: 5620: 5184: 1260: 1233: 925: 676: 640: 613: 606: 319: 5437: 5166:

Victor Nafiru, "Asta ne mai lipsea! Urmașii lui Aușnit și Malaxa revendică domeniile fostului UDR", in

4810:"The Kremlin's Satellite States in Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, Marxist Theory, and Our Own Perspective" 4275:

Locuințe pentru muncitori și funcționari. Casa Construcțiilor și parcelarea Vatra Luminoasă (1930—1949)

1517: 1379: 1004: 976: 526:; Edgar had been bypassed for the 1915 draft, after presenting himself as an Austro-Hungarian subject. 300:

as an independent corporate member, Auschnitt turned to partisan politics as a financial backer of the

2048:(originally a Danish invention) by founding Minigrip, Inc., which, from 1951, was under contract with 1607:. He eventually caught news that Nazi envoys wanted him included in what was to be the final stage of 1439: 1101:

From September 1937, Auschnitt's activities became a main topic of scrutiny for the pro-fascist daily

5585: 5580: 5265: 3612: 3482: 2906: 2745: 2242: 2049: 1997: 1982: 1950: 1905: 1663: 1608: 1339: 1139: 988: 921: 882: 874: 621: 574: 342: 338: 274: 188: 5478: 5410: 5236: 3117: 1901: 1897: 1799: 1723:

In tandem, Auschnitt served as Vice President of a rival club, called "Friends of America". General

1000: 967:

Auschnitt's extreme wealth made him into a patron of the arts. Though a Catholic, he donated to the

193: 5461: 5383: 4260: 4118:

The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944

2167: 2142: 2117: 2005: 1846: 1748: 1709: 1571: 1423: 1298: 1272: 1159: 1155: 1135: 980: 908:, though other sources contrarily allege that he was their godson. Auschnitt bought his family the 758: 731: 730:

In that context, Auschnitt was also becoming noted as the PNȚ's financial backer. Lawyer-memoirist

680: 636: 322: 5356:

Liviu D. Grigorescu, Marian Ștefan, "Un diplomat român în America despre românii din America", in

4185:

Mihail E. Ionescu, "Operațiunea 'Bodyguard'. Noi informații într-o problemă încă neelucidată", in

3882: 1600: 494:

According to one account, Max grew up in Galați, his native city, and attended the same school as

333:, made him a target for verbal and physical attacks by the far-right movements, in particular the 5451:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, 2011. 5311: 4932: 4849:

Lucian Nastasă, "Studiu introductiv", in Andreea Andreescu, Lucian Nastasă, Andrea Varga (eds.),

4113: 3533: 2218: 2146: 2045: 1876:

on October 5, 1948. On October 12, Auschnitt was formally indicted for various crimes, including

1850: 1802:, who had by then formed an Independent Social Democratic Party. Auschnitt reportedly approached 1776: 1473: 1306: 1294: 944: 716: 695:. He could only qualify for this office after being first inducted into the Chamber's offices at 578: 278: 123: 5342:

George Enache, "Sandu Tudor (părintele Daniil). Ideologiile extremiste și poliția politică", in

5290: 3726: 1955: 1854: 1692: 1604: 1028: 598: 573:

Together with his brother Edgar, Max owned several steel and munitions businesses including the

539: 437: 266: 43: 3731:

Inventing the Jew. Antisemitic Stereotypes in Romanian and Other Central East-European Cultures

1896:

This clampdown was closely followed by a purge of Social Democrats from the UDR's trade union.

769:

records also include allegations that Auschnitt, Malaxa and Dobrescu were behind the magazines

5515: 5482: 5452: 5428: 5414: 5374: 5333: 5315: 5294: 5269: 5248: 5227: 5213: 4941: 4854: 4827: 4500: 4482: 4398: 4278: 4222: 4170: 4162: 4129: 4058: 3738: 3639: 3500: 3362: 3088: 2797: 2728: 2342: 2313: 2158: 2130: 2125: 2041: 1989: 1826: 1688: 1668: 1528: 1185: 1151: 1067: 692: 425: 413: 402: 397: 297: 61: 3515:"De la un capăt la altul al țării, toți românii strigă: 'Jos simbriașii lui Auschnitt!'", in 635:

Journalists circulated rumors according to which Auschnitt had enjoyed a close connection to

428:, and obtained American citizenship. His final political activities were as a sponsor of the 5257: 5149: 3342:

C. Zilișteanu, "'Casa lui Cuza Vodă' din Galați nu are absolut nici o valoare istorică", in

2135: 1886: 1651: 1411: 1311: 1213: 1205: 1062:

In late 1936, rumors that Auschnitt had attended a hunting party with PNȚ leaders Maniu and

947:. For a while, the new couple was especially close to Lupescu, for whom Auschnitt and other 929: 643:. According to such reports, it was he who arranged for Carol to meet and fall in love with 466: 373: 3344: 1638:, agreeing to Antonescu's overthrow, as well as a letter from Pătrășcanu. Protected by the 1414:"terrorized the Rumanian government" into issuing more shares that his firm then acquired. 1212:. Dučić alleges that the two men played a crucial part in preventing Romania from annexing 570:", he was overall "the greatest power in Rumania's armament, mining and metal industries." 5358: 5324:

Florica Dobre, Florian Banu, Camelia Ivan Duică, Theodor Bărbulescu, Liviu Țăranu (eds.),

5303: 4711: 4444: 4365: 3937: 3887: 3776: 3656: 3607: 3054: 2977: 2926: 2154: 2057: 1810: 1680: 1639: 1505: 1485: 1237: 1146:

is showing Carol assembly-line products; Auschnitt is present at the far-left of the image

1087: 1071: 992: 742: 661:, a political-cultural journal. All three financiers were also visible members of Carol's 523: 495: 474: 458: 309: 305: 282: 250: 5278:

Filip Constantin, "O poveste româno–americană din anii '50. Nixon, mituit de Malaxa", in

4709:

Tatiana A. Pokivailova, "1947. Sovieticii analizează influența americană în România", in

4442:

Cristian Troncotă, "Eugen Cristescu despre Eugen Cristescu (V). Sindromul arhivelor", in

4074:

L. M. Lamm, "Windows on Washington. Roumanian-Owned Forge Equipment Seized by U. S.", in

1314:. Various observers believed that he was no longer willing to share his profits with the 5197:Însemnări zilnice. Volumul VII: 1 iulie—22 noiembrie 1939. Addenda: 17–23 decembrie 1936 3361:, p. 268. Bucharest: Editura Ministerului Internelor și Reformei Administrative, 2007. 691:

From 1929 to 1933, Auschnitt represented Galați Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the

5493:

Mircea Rusnac, "'Dictatura proletariatului' și muncitorimea reșițeană (1945–1954)", in

5094: 4087:

Marian Zidaru, "SOE în România în al doilea război mondial. Cazul Grigore Gafencu", in

3771: 3046: 2112: 2081: 2073: 1866: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611:. One report additionally suggests that he was briefly held at a concentration camp in 1561: 1399: 1383: 1375: 1363: 1268: 1209: 1197: 1143: 1108: 1008: 889: 828: 824: 813: 720: 652: 589:. Auschnitt was especially successful as owner of the UDR, which had amassed 1 billion 586: 567: 488: 286: 4890:

Mihai Demetriade, Silviu B. Moldovan, "Ion Mitucă, de la rezistență la dizidență", in

3140:, The Olga Lengyel Institute for Holocaust Studies and Human Rights, November 18, 2019 1555:. Auschnitt's relative freedom still irked Nazi observers. In May 1943, the genocidal 711:

newspaper reported that Auschnitt had intervened to bloc senators from approving of a

647:, while also sponsoring him during his 1920s exile. Auschnitt belonged to a branch of 502:, only returning to Galați in 1910. It is known that he studied abroad, in Vienna and 5574: 5524: 5125: 2766:"Economia românească interbelică și rolul sistemului bancar în dezvoltarea economică" 2108:, in which he stated his belief that Auschnitt was a victim of Carol's machinations. 1985: 1971: 1676: 1552: 1536: 1496:

has sure changed in this country" (Vifor's emphasis). That same month, Auschnitt and

1465: 1431: 1395: 1116: 1091: 1063: 984: 909: 805: 712: 696: 644: 602: 515: 511: 462: 377: 326: 290: 139: 851: 667:—although Auschnitt's inclusion was comparatively late. By January 1936, six former 5395: 2097: 2030: 1877: 1352: 1332: 1319: 1221: 1163: 1098:, and "posing as nationalist reformers, presumably with Mr. Auschnitt's blessing". 961: 956: 870: 590: 365: 361: 330: 5510:(contributors: Eftimie Ardeleanu, Mircea Chirițoiu, Alexandru Oșca, Vasile Popa), 3922:"Rumania Liquidating the Property of Edgar Ausnit, Brother of Jailed Arms Magnate" 3211:"Ginerele lui Malaxa, George Emil Palade, primul român laureat al Premiului Nobel" 3115:"Entre os detidos encontra-se o governador geral das fabricas de aço 'Titan'", in 1508:. This was a precautionary measure against the planned transport of Banat Jews to 913: 893: 737: 270: 5557: 4497:

Mediocritate și excelență. O radiografie a științei și învățământului din România

2796:, p. 160. Bucharest: National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism, 2001. 285:, he had a business connection, and later a consuming rivalry, with manufacturer 5081: 4918: 4773: 4420: 4121: 3411: 3164: 2845: 2817: 2591: 2291: 2171: 2053: 2026: 2021:

that Auschnitt was a "guardian angel" for the RNC Chairman—his old acquaintance

1939: 1931: 1910: 1803: 1635: 1548: 1501: 1435: 1290: 1052: 878: 801: 778: 483: 262: 258: 2627: 341:

and, more discreetly, by sponsoring the Guardist network. His 1935 marriage to

4851:

Minorități etnoculturale. Mărturii documentare. Evreii din România (1945–1965)

4231: 3921: 2034: 2012: 1830: 1371: 1347: 1241: 936: 804:, exposing the movement to Carol's violent retaliation. As reported by writer 754: 750: 617: 582: 547: 432:, which split into pro-Auschnitt and pro-Malaxa factions, respectively led by 369: 334: 209: 1981:

Malaxa was finally admitted to the US in 1953, after purchasing support from

1700:

counter-coup, and was identified by other participants as Romania's would-be

5209: 3517: 1814: 1513: 1174: 1103: 917: 905: 663: 385: 314: 3021:"Imperialismul americano-englez — dușman de moarte al poporului român", in 2393:

Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, "Aperçu sur la généalogie de la famille Malaxa", in

972: 624:

in Creditanstalt. This business was overseen through their consortium, the

563: 478: 281:, and investor in many other fields. Primarily known as the "iron king" of 119: 2134:, were also supported by various members of the Romanian exile, including 581:, making him a participant in the European arms trade. This reflected his 337:. Auschnitt attempted to diffuse this threat by paying public tributes to 4041:"Guvernul Antonescu, pus în dificultate de o donație a lui Max Auschnitt" 2716: 2175: 2089: 1967: 1736: 1717: 1672:, and sentenced to death; the same verdict was pronounced against Ghika. 1023:

formally asked Madgearu why he was spending time at Auschnitt's villa in

987:

that the building had no cultural value. From 1935, his donations helped

551: 3885:, "Așa nu ne place istoria! Fața văzută și cea nevăzută a cenzurii", in 2060:, who had also been involved with the RNC. The coincidence was noted in 2040:

During his final years, Auschnitt reoriented himself toward the budding

1763: 514:. Several members of the Auschnitt family, including Max, served in the 376:, and then his citizenship. Carol himself fell from power in 1940, with 5244: 4166: 3084: 1890: 1044: 559: 4937:"Ultimele zile de pace dinaintea revoluției culturale a lui Ceaușescu" 4853:, p. 41. Cluj-Napoca: Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, 2003. 3386:

I. D. Basarabeanu, "Intr'o chestiune penibilă: cea a trusturilor", in

2794:

Mecanisme represive în România, 1945–1989. Dicționar biografic, I: A–C

1430:" was established as a partnership between the Iron Guard and General 1389:

For all his subjects' enthusiasm, the king never agreed to have other

745:. At a time when 32% of Romanian commercial enterprises were owned by 5326:

Securitatea: structuri-cadre; obiective și metode. Vol. I (1948–1967)

5308:

British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War

5204:

Csaba Békés, László Borhi, Peter Ruggenthaler, Ottmar Trașcă (eds.),

5153:, December 30, 1985, p. 7; Péter O. Váry, "Párizs vigyázó szeme", in 2530:"La fille du rajah de Sarawak va épouser un millionaire roumain", in 2011:

The dispute was closely followed by Romania's new secret police, the

1740: 1713: 1643: 1188:, in late 1938 Auschnitt and Malaxa were involved in undermining the 1048: 1036: 1024: 952: 629: 585:

outlook, first brought up when he defended Vickers against rivals at

503: 499: 3499:, Vol. III, p. 124. Bucharest: Fundația Europeană Titulescu, 2012. 3081:

Sfîntă tinerețe legionară. Activismul fascist în România interbelică

4994:

Andrei Lucaci, "Exilul românesc după al II-lea război mondial", in

2815:"Campania electorală. Campania național-țărănistă la Covurlui", in 2573:"Richard Nixon a intervenit pentru Malaxa în războiul cu Auschnitt" 1966:

industrialist lived for a while with Livia and Gustave's family in

1687:

flew him back to Bucharest, where he was awarded protection by the

1484:

to a cell of anti-fascist exiles in England, which was overseen by

964:. Argetoianu notes that Auschnitt made sure to play a losing hand. 372:. In the process, he lost his UDR shares, which went to Malaxa and 265:. Auschnitt was caretaker, and from 1929 managing director, of the 5262:

Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc

5206:

Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45–1948/49

4753:

B.I.R.E. (Bulletin d'Informations pour les Roumains de l'Étranger)

3636:

Alianța româno-polonă între destrămare și solidaritate (1938–1939)

2311:"Jurnale ale Consiliului de Miniștri. Ministerul de Justiție", in 2162: 1954:, the communist literary magazine, took over Edgar's flat outside 1659: 1595:

attending a gala at the Soviet Embassy in Bucharest, December 1944

1304:

In October, the king allowed Iamandi to draft new regulations for

928:, was housed at this location until 1937, when its members rented 543: 531: 392:, though he himself had to flee Romania before the event, and was 5402:. Brașov: Fundația Lapedatu & Fundația Academia Civică, 2016. 4020:"Senzaţionala descoperire făcută la locuința lui Max Aușnit", in 2843:"Campania electorală. Candidați proclamați aleși din oficiu", in 2064:, which mockingly suggested that Gafencu had "likely of grief". 1158:, had drafted a plan for the mass emigration of Romanian Jews to 1267:

News of Auschnitt's defeat by Malaxa were recorded by socialite

555: 4769:"Comuniștii și sovieticii au distrus economia Banatului Montan" 3424:"Recenzii. 'Rezultatele autarhiei economice' de M. Aușnit", in 2174:

in 2009; it is now noted for featuring a monument-sized gilded

5529:

Athene Palace Bucharest. Hitler's 'New Order' Comes to Rumania

5500:

Aurel Savin, "Figuri de martiri. Inginerul Ion E. Bujoiu", in

5425:

Cultură și propagandă. Institutul Român din Berlin (1940–1945)

4795:

Simion Schwartz, "Evrei exploatatori și evrei exploatați", in

4499:, Vol. 6, p. 145. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2016. 3926:

News from All Over the World. By the Jewish Telegraphic Agency

2512:"Max Auschnitt, de la pocherul regal la închisoarea Văcărești" 1992:, though from different angles: Auschnitt sought to align the 1727:

also viewed him as a trusted adviser; together, they met with

1177:, outlawing all political parties and replacing them with the 1162:. This attempt was foiled by opposition from both Britain and 943:

and resold his shares to Carol II, who immediately obtained a

866: 5512:

Misiune dificilă. Jurnal: 28 ianuarie 1945—20 septembrie 1946

5123:

Eugen Luca, "Tribuna creației. Modalități ale romanului", in

5079:"Ultimele știri de peste hotare. Note. Toată pasărea...", in 4327:"Aripile libertății: aviatorii români fug din raiul comunist" 2830:

Doru Dumitrescu, "Alegerile din 1932 și 1933 în România", in

2161:

through a Memorial Library. He was awarded the golden key of

1787:

once he prevented workers from sacking the managerial staff.

1634:. Auschnitt had brought with him messages sent by PNȚ leader 1426:, Carol was deposed and exiled, alongside his mistress; the " 939:

various Romanian refineries. He found himself overwhelmed by

384:, and was also involved in helping fellow Jews to escape the 5147:"Deputato francês é acusado de espionar para a Romênia", in 3521:, October 11, 1937, p. 11; Argetoianu III, pp. 105, 127, 150 2128:

and make his way into politics. The allegations, carried by

4916:Țăranu Radivoi, "Bucuria de a trăi într'o țară liberă", in 4592: 4590: 2924:

Elizabeth Hazard, "Războiul Rece a început în România", in

2884:"A Resica és a Nadrág-Kaláni Vasművek nyereségmérlege", in 2628:"Arms Mogul Defies Iron Guard, Weds Rumanian Girl Secretly" 1938:

Speaking at a public rally on November 1, Finance Minister

1115:. This claim was partly validated by another newspaperman, 753:. Already in the late 1920s, Auschnitt allegedly purchased 620:. In 1931, he allied himself to Malaxa in order to acquire 5761:

Members of the Romanian anti-communist resistance movement

2681: 2679: 2660: 2658: 2656: 1865:. A Jewish worker, Simion Schwartz, announced this in the 1523:

In early 1943, Auschnitt was in contact with the American

5191:Însemnări zilnice. Volumul III: 1 iulie—31 decembrie 1937 4732: 4730: 3654:

Mihail E. Ionescu, "De ce s-a risipit România Mare?", in

2088:, where he probably appears as the banker Druker, and by 1208:, and because of both industrialists being suppliers for 1094:

noted that PNȚ figures were borrowing ideas from his own

995:. One anecdote suggests that Auschnitt also heard actors 885:, at the time a serving as Vice President in the Senate. 651:, frequenting Meșterul Manole Lodge alongside Malaxa and 405:, he was slowly pushed back into exile by signs that the 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3686: 3684: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 2072:

During his final years, Auschnitt had been lampooned in

2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 1743:

to his 200 guests. These included General Schuyler and

16:

Romanian businessman & political figure (1888–1957)

3186:

Marius Ionescu, "Pași în trecut. O vilă la șosea", in

2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 1398:

in 2016 rates). In June, while filing his appeal from

1382:, who was reportedly Auschnitt's friend: "This is the 1297:, Auschnitt retaliated against the Nazis by assisting 1263:

and Auschnitt at an UDR company meeting, July 26, 1938

1070:, Auschnitt maintained a personal friendship with the 983:. He renounced this plan upon being told by historian 904:. Pandrea claims that Madgearu became the Auschnitts' 4814:

Discussion Bulletin (of the Socialist Workers' Party)

3638:, p. 409. Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor, 2010. 2029:

and getting them to attend "impromptu parties in his

1706:

Romanian Society for Friendship with the Soviet Union

1422:

In September 1940, following public outrage over the

707:, running unopposed in the latter. In February 1932, 4797:

Unirea. Organ Democratic Evreesc de Luptă și Cultură

4163:

International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania

4145: 4143: 4141: 1059:

to be "occult" and unwanted influences on the king.

816:, who sympathized with the anti-Codreanu group, the 741:, Auschnitt was also especially close to politician 626:

Compagnie Européenne de Participations Industrielles

5716:

Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Romania

4277:, p. 210. Bucharest: Asociația Studio Zona, 2021. 3788: 3786: 3582:, Vol. 5, Issues 3–4, March–April 1994, pp. 360–361 3426:

Urbanismul. Monitor al Uniunei Orașelor din România

2707:

Matei & Nastasă, p. 300; Nastasă (2011), p. 477

2240:Romulus Damian, "Cetățenii noștri clandestini", in 1654:, as he and Hurmuzescu still had to be screened by 220: 208: 200: 184: 174: 156: 146: 129: 106: 101: 78: 60: 41: 21: 5826:Vienna University of Economics and Business alumni 4545: 4543: 4089:Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica 5711:Romanian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment 5475:Memoriile mandarinului valah. Jurnal I: 1954–1956 5449:Antisemitismul universitar în România (1919–1939) 3428:, Vol. XIII, Issues 7–8, July–August 1936, p. 361 3033: 3031: 2033:penthouse, where he would entertain pals such as 4877: 4875: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 1857:, and some others. On June 11, the UDR had been 845:Auschnitt and then-fiancée Leonora Brook in 1932 5353:, Vol 7, Issue 2, June–December 2015, pp. 1–42. 4954:Ștefan Stanciu, "Muzeul de Istorie Galați", in 4749:"Les emigrés dechus de la nationalité roumaine" 4258:"Death 'In Absentia' for Antonescu Friend", in 4091:, Vols. III–IV, 2006–2007, pp. 235–236, 247–248 3329:"Știri. Oficiul par. ort. rom. din Săceni", in 2811: 2809: 2327: 2325: 2323: 261:, greatly expanding his father's fortune after 5746:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust 5226:. Bucharest: Fundația Academia Civică, 2000. 1520:to provide medical treatment for the inmates. 597:, an automotive plant, and minority shares in 554:. His land property was said to cover 150,000 356:in 1937, he was further maligned when Carol's 293:, which established their presence in Europe. 4215: 4213: 4032: 4030: 2743:"Să se termine cu guvernările ticăloase", in 2596:În umbra celulei. Malmaison, 1943–1944, iarna 2463:Nicolae Păvălucă, "Dragă brețcancă (II)", in 2389: 2387: 2015:. In 1953, it took clues from a piece in the 1082:claimed that Auschnitt had even acknowledged 951:businessmen obtained villas in Dorobanți and 601:. From 1930, a syndicate comprising the TNC, 364:. He was arrested shortly after the start of 8: 5751:People who rescued Jews during the Holocaust 5392:, Vol. 8, Issue 1, February 1941, pp. 24–40. 4621: 4619: 4456: 4454: 3456:Solia. Organ al Partidului Național Țărănesc 3137:In Memory of Steve Ausnit, TOLI Board Member 3025:, Vol. 4, Issue I, January–March 1951, p. 23 2611:Pandrea (2011), p. 107; Wallersteiner, p. 10 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2193: 2191: 2004:to examine Nixon's deals with Malaxa, until 1603:in ousting its disgraced general secretary, 1170:, which were specifically targeted at Jews. 1055:declared Auschnitt and other figures of the 1043:a favorable review of Romania's industrial " 5801:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 5786:Romanian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 5701:People convicted of treason against Romania 5544:The Corinthian. The Magazine for Old Stoics 5514:. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 1997. 5444:, Vol. V, Issue 53, August 1991, pp. 44–45. 5407:Masoni sub judecata comunistă. Grupul Bellu 4318: 4316: 4314: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3578:Teodor Wexler, "Dr. Wilhelm Filderman", in 3151:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Contemporană 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2564: 2562: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2044:. He and his son Steve worked on improving 1402:, he made a final attempt at placating the 765:, manager of TNC, to assassinate his boss. 538:, entrusted with the administration of the 325:, constantly bribing him and his mistress, 5806:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism 5796:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent 5791:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent 5781:Romanian people of Austrian-Jewish descent 5721:Romanian military personnel of World War I 4254: 4252: 4250: 4100:Gelu Vifor, "Mareșalul și muncitorii", in 3917: 3915: 3111: 3109: 2696:Studia Universitatis Petru Maior. Historia 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2526: 2524: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 1893:network transporting Jews out of Romania. 1107:, whose staff believed that he was behind 29: 18: 5467:"Cronică valahă cu inginerul Malaxa", in 5287:Business in the Age of Depression and War 4070: 4068: 3529: 3527: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2757: 2755: 2721:Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2209: 2207: 522:, which resulted in the establishment of 5726:Romanian people of the Spanish Civil War 3439:Marisia. Anuarul Muzeului Județean Mureș 3320:, Vol. XLVIII, Issue 25, June 1933, p. 7 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2587: 2585: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2149:, made returns to Romania following the 1925: 1796:parliamentary elections in November 1946 1762: 1582: 1358:On December 5, a new cabinet, headed by 1255: 1129: 5851:Romanian emigrants to the United States 5558:Newspaper clippings about Max Auschnitt 5199:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 2003. 5193:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 2001. 4126:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 3131: 3129: 3127: 3023:Studii. Revistă de Istorie și Filosofie 2920: 2918: 2916: 2187: 991:build an administrative palace for the 508:Academy for Advanced Commercial Studies 215:Academy for Advanced Commercial Studies 82:Galați Chamber of Commerce and Industry 5641:Romanian racehorse owners and breeders 3928:, Vol. VI, Issue 198, April 1940, p. 5 3699:Argetoianu VII, pp. 72, 89–90, 104–106 3333:, Vol. LI, Issue 35, August 1936, p. 7 2141:Minigrip, Inc. became a subsidiary of 900:, whereas Auschnitt had opted for the 388:. He had a minor role in plotting the 304:; he had enduring collaborations with 178:Nelly Aronovici (m. ca. 1923; d. 1927) 5706:Romanian prisoners sentenced to death 5495:Morisena. Revistă de Cultură Istorică 5282:, Vol. III, Issue 7, 1998, pp. 51–53. 5168:Timpul. Cotidian Independent (Reșița) 5097:, "Cronica literară. Petru Dumitriu, 5029:Pandrea (2011), pp. 137–138, 140, 283 4078:, Vol. 111, Issue 2, July 1942, p. 57 3819:Argetoianu VII, pp. 170–171, 185, 190 2948:Pandrea (2011), pp. 106–107, 177, 283 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2120:, where he represented the far-right 1338:The matter was personally handled by 955:. Auschnitt alone purchased from the 409:was establishing a new dictatorship. 7: 5666:National Peasants' Party politicians 5636:Businesspeople in the sugar industry 5497:, Vol. III, Issue 2, 2018, pp. 5–11. 5289:, pp. 253–285. London & Savage: 4363:, "'Cazul' grupului Pătrășcanu", in 4273:Andrei Răzvan Voinea, Irina Calotă, 1650:. Auschnitt was then transported to 1642:, Ghika then flew his passengers to 1472:, and made available for use by the 1007:, who took as his lover the actress 420:, including his allegedly financing 5427:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2018. 5241:Ceaușescu, anii numărătorii inverse 4024:, Vol. I, Issue 7, April 1941, p. 6 3357:Constantin Grigore, Miliana Șerbu, 3232:Unirea. Foaie Bisericească-Politică 1630:Their escape served to prepare the 1410:and Malaxa. According to Lachmann, 1173:Only days after, Carol II staged a 1051:rally of PNȚ figures who supported 349:, elicited additional controversy. 345:'s daughter, and his conversion to 289:. The two were associate owners of 5502:Memoria. Revista Gândirii Arestate 4700:Grigorescu & Ștefan, pp. 25–26 4486:, December 21, 1944, pp. 6402–6402 4465:"Malaxa 'încinge' exilul românesc" 4414:Laurențiu Ungureanu, Radu Eremia, 4235:, Vol. XIV, Issue 701, August 2003 2725:Editura Fundației Culturale Române 2295:(Timișoara edition), July 18, 2014 1646:, where they met Maniu's liaison, 1516:, after Colonel Agapiescu allowed 1470:Office of Alien Property Custodian 457:immigrants listed as nationals of 180:Livia Pordea (m. 1935; sep. 1950s) 14: 5696:Overturned convictions in Romania 5631:Romanian businesspeople in timber 5386:, "The Hermann Göring Works", in 4956:Almanahul Revistei Dunărea de Jos 4007:I. M., "Casa Elenei Lupescu", in 3955:Argetoianu VII, pp. 208, 212, 218 3480:"Acțiunea d-lui Iuliu Maniu", in 2966:Gârlan, p. 6. See also Pop, p. 42 2381:, Vol. IV, Issue 48, April 1943, 2377:"El rey de las tres mujeres", in 2008:ordered his agents to step down. 1656:Security Intelligence Middle East 639:, who, in 1930, became Carol II, 5671:Members of the Senate of Romania 5504:, Issue 31 (2), 2000, pp. 56–62. 5208:. Budapest & New York City: 4777:(Reșița edition), April 26, 2014 3441:, Vol. XXXVII, 2017, pp. 269–270 3359:Miniștrii de interne (1862–2007) 850: 838: 418:anti-communist resistance groups 5836:Romanian expatriates in Austria 5731:Romanian people of World War II 5681:Romanian white-collar criminals 5676:Camarilla (Carol II of Romania) 5346:, Vol. XXXV, 2017, pp. 173–259. 4967:Câmpeanu, pp. 201–202, 214, 227 4825:"Ordonanțe de contumancie", in 4104:, Vol. I, August 27, 1942, p. 3 3471:, Issue 20, Autumn 2009, p. 131 3316:"Știri. Mulțumită publică", in 2346:, August 18 (30), 1884, p. 2492 2317:, Issue 286/1939, pp. 7135–7136 1775:Auschnitt still hoped that the 1374:. Argetoianu also writes that " 56:1929 – August 18, 1939 5846:Romanian expatriates in France 5611:Romanian mining businesspeople 5369:. London & New York City: 4976:Grigorescu & Ștefan, p. 25 4894:, Vol. I, Issue 2, 2008, p. 85 4351:Deletant, pp. 20, 114–115, 233 3252:Argetoianu III, pp. 8, 299–300 1632:anti-fascist coup of August 23 1623:. The flight, which landed in 1535:, where he was held alongside 1287:Anglo-Polish military alliance 1125:national elections in December 655:, and, through it, sponsoring 628:(CEPI), which operated out of 1: 5841:Romanian expatriates in Egypt 5423:Irina Matei, Lucian Nastasă, 3610:, "Mata Hari a României", in 3051:Amintiri, evocări, confesiuni 1685:United States Army Air Forces 1443:unchanged when the Guard was 865:Partners, as builders of the 687:Iron Guard and wedding affair 461:, though he may have claimed 382:underground opposition groups 368:, and imprisoned following a 360:pursued a rapprochement with 5656:Romanian patrons of the arts 5646:20th-century philanthropists 5440:, "Poșta dicționarului", in 5224:Misiunea Ethridge în România 4816:, Issue 1, April 1950, p. 16 4625:"Darurile d-lui Aușnit", in 4515:Pandrea (2011), pp. 245, 283 4062:, May 8, 1943, pp. 2889–2890 3964:Argetoianu VII, pp. 208, 214 3735:University of Nebraska Press 3307:, Issue 13, March 1984, p. 6 3243:Pandrea (2011), pp. 177, 227 3070:, Issue 10 (38), 1999, p. 43 2832:Revista Perspective Istorice 1833:, who represented the PCR's 1619:, which had been ordered to 1579:Second trial and August coup 1525:Office of Strategic Services 1344:Minister of Internal Affairs 5861:Fugitives wanted by Romania 5691:Inmates of Văcărești Prison 5562:20th Century Press Archives 5362:, November 1999, pp. 24–28. 5170:, August 23, 2008, pp. 1, 6 4831:, October 23, 1948, p. 8500 4755:, Issue 22, August 20, 1948 4342:Deletant, pp. 114, 223, 233 3864:Argetoianu VII, pp. 220–221 3753:Argetoianu VII, pp. 104–105 3708:Argetoianu VII, pp. 105–106 3377:Matei & Nastasă, p. 166 3272:Revista de Istorie Militară 3261:Argetoianu III, pp. 101–102 3153:, Vol. I, 1956, pp. 163–164 2199:Revista de Istorie Militară 2002:Central Intelligence Agency 1994:Romanian National Committee 1609:Holocaust crimes in Romania 1293:. In September, during the 1206:partition of Czechoslovakia 1019:During September 1936, the 761:, received 20,000 lei from 453:Auschnitt was the scion of 430:Romanian National Committee 277:(TNC), regional partner of 5882: 5546:, Issue 6/2016, pp. 10–12. 4998:, Vol. XXXII, 2003, p. 212 4480:"Anunțuri comerciale", in 4198:Câmpeanu, pp. 201–202, 214 4056:"Anunțuri comerciale", in 3762:Argetoianu VII, pp. 26, 86 3542:, Issues 27–28/2019, p. 12 3390:, September 13, 1935, p. 1 3188:Bună Dimineața, București! 3162:See death announcement in 2981:, November 1973, pp. 92–93 2858:"Max Aușnit amenință", in 2536:, September 24, 1932, p. 3 2340:"Anunciurĭ judiciare", in 1820:anti-communist underground 1781:Soviet hegemony in Romania 1386:in its Romanian version". 1179:National Renaissance Front 912:villa on Aleea Alexandru, 658:Revista Fundațiilor Regale 618:Romanian Telephone Company 401:. Returning to assist the 358:National Renaissance Front 5736:Inmates of Târgu Jiu camp 5686:Inmates of Doftana prison 5606:Romanian company founders 5601:Romanian chief executives 5157:, November 11, 2000, p. 5 5062:"Sorority on E. 63rd St." 4396:"Anunțuri judiciare", in 3678:Argetoianu VII, pp. 36–37 3625:Pandrea (2002), pp. 66–67 3536:, "Pagini de jurnal", in 3415:, November 20, 1935, p. 4 3168:, February 20, 1927, p. 2 3121:, November 15, 1939, p. 5 2862:, February 23, 1932, p. 4 2634:, June 21, 1935, pp. 1, 3 2155:Max Auschnitt Cycling Cup 2151:fall of communism in 1989 1960:labor movement in Romania 1729:Constantin Titel Petrescu 1084:employment discrimination 390:anti-fascist coup of 1944 312:. In tandem, he joined a 228: 97: 86: 67: 49: 37: 28: 5816:American Roman Catholics 5811:Romanian Roman Catholics 5741:The Holocaust in Romania 5651:Romanian philanthropists 5351:Revista Inovația Socială 5085:, February 1, 1957, p. 4 4120:, pp. 242–243. Chicago: 4011:, October 20, 1940, p. 1 3560:Wallersteiner, pp. 10–11 3303:de George de Berea", in 3274:, Issues 1–2/2009, p. 79 2821:, December 8, 1928, p. 3 2454:, February 2, 1938, p. 7 2201:, Issues 5–6/2017, p. 90 1825:Records kept by the new 1767:UDR workers celebrating 1589:Romanian Communist Party 1543:(PCR). One of these was 1541:Romanian Communist Party 1510:Nazi extermination camps 1504:to a charity managed by 1428:National Legionary State 1190:Polish–Romanian alliance 1111:'s left-wing newspaper, 1096:National Christian Party 881:. His father-in-law was 867:Bucharest–Brașov highway 784:Romanian Communist Party 719:it was owed by Romanian 673:National Peasants' Party 540:Iron Domains and Factory 520:campaigns of World War I 407:Romanian Communist Party 302:National Peasants' Party 273:, as well as founder of 267:Iron Domains and Factory 224:Investor, philanthropist 168:National Peasants' Party 44:Iron Domains and Factory 5616:Businesspeople in steel 5596:Romanian industrialists 5540:"A Tale of Two Ausnits" 5538:Anthony Wallersteiner, 5508:Cortlandt V.R. Schuyler 4629:, January 7, 1946, p. 1 4524:Cioroianu, pp. 107, 125 4448:, September 1992, p. 55 4402:, July 8, 1944, p. 5149 3873:Argetoianu VII, pp. 218 3774:, "Jurnal politic", in 3497:Pro și contra Titulescu 3348:, August 13, 1937, p. 3 3301:Comment épouser un roi? 2994:, Vol. 16, 2004, p. 263 2834:, Issue 6, pp. 117, 119 2685:Davenport-Hines, p. 276 2664:Davenport-Hines, p. 275 2018:Washington Times-Herald 1930:Auschnitt's bedroom on 1874:Great National Assembly 1747:, daughter of diplomat 1733:Social Democratic Party 1725:Cortlandt V.R. Schuyler 1567:Constantin C. Stoicescu 1457:German Foreign Minister 1342:, who was Argetoianu's 1323:for the sugar debacle. 1295:Nazi invasion of Poland 1005:August "Gustave" Pordea 810:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 671:, including two of the 5471:, May 2002, pp. 65–67. 5038:Pandrea (2011), p. 137 4799:, Issue 170/1948, p. 5 4369:, November 1991, p. 42 3973:Argetoianu VII, p. 218 3946:, March 20, 1940, p. 4 3943:The Spartanburg Herald 3900:Argetoianu VII, p. 208 3855:Argetoianu VII, p. 171 3846:Argetoianu VII, p. 120 3810:Argetoianu VII, p. 136 3780:, February 1978, p. 41 3569:Argetoianu III, p. 307 3551:Argetoianu III, p. 210 3469:Historia Actual Online 3399:Pandrea (2011), p. 191 3087:, 2015, pp. 180–181. 2467:, March 31, 2000, p. 3 2406:Pandrea (2011), p. 227 2397:, Vol. VI, 2014, p. 61 2359:, Issue 250/1908, p. 6 2102:autobiographical novel 1935: 1843:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1772: 1596: 1593:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1482:Swiss Bank Corporation 1453:Joachim von Ribbentrop 1445:ousted in January 1941 1408:Nazi iron conglomerate 1264: 1246:Constantin Cantacuzino 1200:; this was because of 1147: 1119:, who also noted that 1080:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 997:Grigore Vasiliu Birlic 818:Crusade of Romanianism 808:, the Guardist leader 788:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 763:Constantin C. Orghidan 512:Austrian secret police 506:, graduating from the 5330:Editura Enciclopedică 5185:Constantin Argetoianu 5129:, Issue 50/1957, p. 3 5105:, Issue 6/1957, p. 88 4922:, July 25, 1952, p. 2 4736:Constantin, pp. 51–52 4682:Mandache, pp. 41, 101 4664:Mandache, pp. 44, 100 4387:Deletant, pp. 114–115 4264:, Issue 22/1944, p. 1 3891:, October 1991, p. 57 3801:Argetoianu VII, p. 86 3717:Pandrea (2002), p. 66 3690:Argetoianu VII, p. 72 3669:Argetoianu VII, p. 24 3660:, May 2021, pp. 34–35 3486:, Issue 59/1937, p. 2 3458:, Issue 42/1936, p. 2 3290:Argetoianu VII, p. 89 3103:Nastasă (2011), p. 91 3053:, p. 199. Bucharest: 2910:, Issue 97/1937, p. 1 2904:"Cine nu știe?!", in 2888:, June 29, 1932, p. 6 2875:, July 15, 1932, p. 5 2849:, July 17, 1932, p. 5 2772:, Issue 3/2013, p. 39 2632:Jewish Daily Bulletin 2246:, Issue 97/1939, p. 4 1929: 1904:were arrested, while 1766: 1586: 1438:, who served time in 1278:Völkischer Beobachter 1261:Constantin Argetoianu 1259: 1142:(in or before 1938). 1133: 926:Constantin Argetoianu 902:Roman Catholic Church 641:King of the Romanians 614:conflicts of interest 296:First elected to the 5756:Aliyah Bet activists 5266:Editura Curtea Veche 4495:Petre T. Frangopol, 4308:Wallersteiner, p. 12 3998:Wallersteiner, p. 11 3940:, "On Broadway", in 3483:Gazeta Transilvaniei 3234:, Issue 6/1935, p. 4 3190:, Issue 5/2013, p. 7 2930:, August 1996, p. 51 2907:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2749:, Issue 5/1936, p. 5 2746:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2723:, p. 17. Bucharest: 2673:Lachmann, pp. 34, 40 2650:Wallersteiner, p. 10 2598:, p. 83. Bucharest: 2243:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2106:Victoria neînaripată 2050:Dow Chemical Company 1885:and wartime admiral 1218:Nazi racial policies 1041:La Roumanie Nouvelle 875:Charles Vyner Brooke 857:Livia Pordea in 1934 795:Guardist death squad 649:Romanian Freemasonry 622:controlling interest 339:Romanian nationalism 5821:Romanian Freemasons 5371:Hambledon Continuum 5291:Frank Cass & Co 4673:Burger, pp. 196–198 4627:Informația Prahovei 4361:Cristian Popișteanu 3733:, p. 261. Lincoln: 3003:Enache, pp. 192–198 2957:Enache, pp. 193–194 2770:Revista Hiperboreea 2600:Editura Cartea Rusă 2355:"Bibliografie", in 2168:Fondul Proprietatea 2143:Illinois Tool Works 2118:European Parliament 2046:plastic-bag zippers 2023:Constantin Vișoianu 2006:Walter Bedell Smith 1922:RNC and later years 1908:managed to escape. 1847:Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1839:national-communists 1753:Informația Prahovei 1749:W. Averell Harriman 1664:Third Romanian Army 1648:Constantin Vișoianu 1587:Auschnitt with the 1558:Obersturmbannführer 1545:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 1500:donated 50 million 1461:Alexandru Ottulescu 1424:Second Vienna Award 1192:, favoring instead 1160:Mandatory Palestine 1076:Pedro Prat y Soutzo 981:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 558:, including 11,000 536:united with Romania 434:Constantin Vișoianu 235:Max Carol Auschnitt 23:Max Carol Auschnitt 5831:Romanian defectors 5766:People from Galați 5591:Romanian investors 5400:Ultimele însemnări 5312:Palgrave Macmillan 5138:Mirodan, pp. 44–45 5099:Cronică de familie 5060:Michael Callahan, 4715:, June 2000, p. 25 4424:, October 27, 2014 4227:"Belu Zilber (II)" 3450:"Nerușinații dela 3209:Romulus Căplescu, 2571:Romulus Căplescu, 2222:, January 19, 1957 2219:The New York Times 2147:Harvard University 1936: 1777:Potsdam Conference 1773: 1597: 1474:United States Navy 1360:Gheorghe Tătărescu 1265: 1148: 945:debt restructuring 677:Dumitru Mociornița 607:Chrissoveloni Bank 579:Vickers-Armstrongs 575:Titan-Nădrag-Călan 562:of forest outside 394:sentenced to death 279:Vickers-Armstrongs 275:Titan-Nădrag-Călan 124:Kingdom of Romania 62:Senator of Romania 5856:Romanian escapees 5661:Romanian Zionists 5487:978-973-645-440-0 5457:978-6-06-927445-3 5438:Alexandru Mirodan 5433:978-606-543-991-7 5419:978-606-793-699-5 5320:978-1-349-55509-3 5280:Dosarele Istoriei 5218:978-963-386-075-5 5007:Constantin, p. 53 4985:Constantin, p. 52 4942:Evenimentul Zilei 4828:Monitorul Oficial 4724:Constantin, p. 51 4505:978-606-17-0975-5 4483:Monitorul Oficial 4399:Monitorul Oficial 4325:Sorin Turturică, 4283:978-973-0-34405-9 4261:The Jewish Herald 4207:Cioroianu, p. 107 4187:Almanahul Oștirii 4134:978-0-299-20794-6 4059:Monitorul Oficial 4039:Ciprian Stoleru, 3743:978-0-8032-2098-0 3644:978-973-8369-84-9 3613:Jurnalul Național 3505:978-606-8091-13-6 3367:978-97374-504-8-7 3093:978-973-46-5357-7 3068:Dosarele Istoriei 2395:Archiva Moldaviae 2343:Monitorul Oficial 2314:Monitorul Oficial 2214:"Max Ausnit Dies" 2159:Holocaust studies 2153:. He sponsored a 2131:Le Matin de Paris 2126:Jean-Marie Le Pen 2042:plastics industry 1990:Romanian diaspora 1934:, 1948 photograph 1837:circles, against 1745:Kathleen Harriman 1689:Allied Commission 1572:The Jewish Herald 1529:Balkan Federation 1518:Maximilian Popper 1498:Franz von Neumann 1380:Eugeniu Vârtejanu 1340:Gavrilă Marinescu 1307:sociétés anonymes 1152:Wilhelm Filderman 1068:Spanish Civil War 989:Gavrilă Marinescu 693:Senate of Romania 669:Finance Ministers 534:once that region 426:plastics industry 403:Allied Commission 347:Roman Catholicism 232: 231: 117:February 14, 1888 5873: 5866:Stateless people 5447:Lucian Nastasă, 5405:Diana Mandache, 5258:Adrian Cioroianu 5171: 5164: 5158: 5150:Jornal do Brasil 5145: 5139: 5136: 5130: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5092: 5086: 5077: 5071: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5005: 4999: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4929: 4923: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4823: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4793: 4787: 4786:Rusnac, pp. 9–11 4784: 4778: 4767:Cristian Franț, 4766: 4762: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4692: 4691:Mandache, p. 101 4689: 4683: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4643: 4636: 4630: 4623: 4614: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4538: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4507: 4493: 4487: 4478: 4472: 4471:(online edition) 4463:Florin Șperlea, 4462: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4425: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4378:Deletant, p. 114 4376: 4370: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4324: 4320: 4309: 4306: 4285: 4271: 4265: 4256: 4245: 4242: 4236: 4221: 4217: 4208: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4165:, p. 293. Iași: 4156: 4150: 4149:Deletant, p. 115 4147: 4136: 4111: 4105: 4098: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4048: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3956: 3953: 3947: 3935: 3929: 3919: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3820: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3781: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3617: 3616:, August 8, 2008 3604: 3583: 3580:Revista Istorică 3576: 3570: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3539:România Literară 3531: 3522: 3513: 3507: 3493: 3487: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3459: 3448: 3442: 3435: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3355: 3349: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3305:Lupta. Le Combat 3299:Vlad Stolojan, " 3297: 3291: 3288: 3275: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3224: 3218: 3208: 3204: 3191: 3184: 3169: 3160: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3133: 3122: 3113: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3077: 3071: 3064: 3058: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2922: 2911: 2902: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2841: 2835: 2828: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2786: 2773: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2735: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2651: 2648: 2635: 2625: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2589: 2580: 2570: 2566: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2509: 2505: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2448: 2427: 2420: 2407: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2382: 2375: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2318: 2309: 2296: 2284: 2280: 2247: 2238: 2223: 2211: 2202: 2195: 2136:Ion Mihai Pacepa 2094:Max și lumea lui 2078:Family Chronicle 1887:Horia Macellariu 1883:Nicolae Petrașcu 1835:internationalist 1827:communist regime 1779:would push back 1702:Finance Minister 1440:Malmaison prison 1329:Văcărești Prison 1312:money laundering 1214:Carpatho-Ukraine 1156:Armand Călinescu 1113:Lumea Românească 930:Elisabeta Palace 854: 842: 793:In late 1933, a 725:Great Depression 721:sugar refineries 681:Ernest Urdăreanu 467:Romanian Kingdom 455:Ukrainian Jewish 422:Nicolae Petrașcu 414:communist regime 255:Ukrainian Jewish 237:, also known as 196:(brother-in-law) 136: 133:January 18, 1957 116: 114: 102:Personal details 91: 72: 54: 33: 19: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5571: 5570: 5554: 5549: 5469:Magazin Istoric 5389:Social Research 5359:Magazin Istoric 5304:Dennis Deletant 5222:Ulrich Burger, 5180: 5175: 5174: 5165: 5161: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5093: 5089: 5078: 5074: 5059: 5055: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4949: 4930: 4926: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4824: 4820: 4807: 4803: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4712:Magazin Istoric 4708: 4704: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4637: 4633: 4624: 4617: 4608: 4604: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4570: 4566: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4494: 4490: 4479: 4475: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4445:Magazin Istoric 4441: 4437: 4433:Lapedatu, p. 59 4432: 4428: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4366:Magazin Istoric 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4322: 4321: 4312: 4307: 4288: 4272: 4268: 4257: 4248: 4244:Lapedatu, p. 27 4243: 4239: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4184: 4180: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4139: 4112: 4108: 4099: 4095: 4086: 4082: 4073: 4066: 4055: 4051: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3938:Walter Winchell 3936: 3932: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3888:Magazin Istoric 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792:Lachmann, p. 34 3791: 3784: 3777:Magazin Istoric 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3727:Andrei Oișteanu 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3657:Magazin Istoric 3653: 3649: 3634:Nicolae Mareș, 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3608:Dinu Zamfirescu 3606:Toma Roman Jr, 3605: 3586: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3532: 3525: 3514: 3510: 3494: 3490: 3479: 3475: 3466: 3462: 3452:Solia Dreptății 3449: 3445: 3436: 3432: 3423: 3419: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3356: 3352: 3341: 3337: 3331:Foaia Diecezană 3328: 3324: 3318:Foaia Diecezană 3315: 3311: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3278: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3225: 3221: 3206: 3205: 3194: 3185: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3125: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3078: 3074: 3065: 3061: 3055:Editura Minerva 3045: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2992:Muzeul Național 2989: 2985: 2978:Magazin Istoric 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2927:Magazin Istoric 2923: 2914: 2903: 2892: 2886:Bukaresti Lapok 2883: 2879: 2870: 2866: 2857: 2853: 2842: 2838: 2829: 2825: 2814: 2807: 2788:Octavian Roske 2787: 2776: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2742: 2738: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2654: 2649: 2638: 2626: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2590: 2583: 2579:, February 2012 2568: 2567: 2540: 2529: 2522: 2507: 2506: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2430: 2421: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2385: 2376: 2363: 2354: 2350: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2321: 2310: 2299: 2282: 2281: 2250: 2239: 2226: 2212: 2205: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2076:'s 1956 novel, 2070: 2058:Grigore Gafencu 1951:Gazeta Literară 1924: 1906:Eftimie Gherman 1863:Nicolae Cristea 1855:Ion Sân-Giorgiu 1811:Dinu Zamfirescu 1769:nationalization 1761: 1693:Nicolae Rădescu 1681:Eugen Cristescu 1640:Royal Air Force 1581: 1506:Maria Antonescu 1486:Grigore Gafencu 1420: 1418:Antonescu years 1299:Polish refugees 1254: 1238:insider trading 1204:'s role in the 1184:As reported by 1140:Voivode Michael 1088:Romanianization 1017: 1015:Marginalization 993:Romanian Police 922:Grigore Cerchez 898:Greek Catholics 883:Augustin Pordea 862: 861: 860: 859: 858: 855: 847: 846: 843: 743:Dem I. Dobrescu 705:1932 reelection 689: 599:Galați shipyard 524:Greater Romania 496:Virgil Madgearu 475:Istrate Micescu 459:Austria-Hungary 451: 446: 438:Nicolae Rădescu 343:Augustin Pordea 310:Dem I. Dobrescu 306:Virgil Madgearu 283:Greater Romania 251:interwar period 192: 191:(father-in-law) 189:Augustin Pordea 179: 166: 157:Political party 151: 142:, United States 138: 134: 118: 112: 110: 92: 87: 73: 68: 55: 50: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5879: 5877: 5869: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5776:Moldavian Jews 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5626:Vickers people 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5553: 5552:External links 5550: 5548: 5547: 5536: 5522: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5479:Editura Vremea 5472: 5459: 5445: 5435: 5421: 5411:Editura Corint 5403: 5393: 5381: 5365:Judith Keene, 5363: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5322: 5310:. Houndmills: 5301: 5283: 5276: 5255: 5237:Pavel Câmpeanu 5234: 5220: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5194: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5159: 5140: 5131: 5116: 5107: 5095:Alexandru Piru 5087: 5072: 5053: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5009: 5000: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4947: 4945:, June 8, 2019 4924: 4909: 4896: 4892:Caietele CNSAS 4883: 4871: 4862: 4842: 4833: 4818: 4801: 4788: 4779: 4757: 4738: 4726: 4717: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4644: 4631: 4615: 4602: 4586: 4577: 4575:, pp. 101, 124 4564: 4551: 4549:Burger, p. 197 4539: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4488: 4473: 4450: 4435: 4426: 4404: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4310: 4286: 4266: 4246: 4237: 4223:Stelian Tănase 4209: 4200: 4191: 4189:, 1987, p. 128 4178: 4151: 4137: 4106: 4093: 4080: 4064: 4049: 4026: 4013: 4000: 3984: 3982:Enache, p. 179 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3930: 3911: 3909:Mirodan, p. 45 3902: 3893: 3875: 3866: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3821: 3812: 3803: 3794: 3782: 3772:Marthe Bibesco 3764: 3755: 3746: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3647: 3627: 3618: 3584: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3523: 3508: 3495:George Potra, 3488: 3473: 3460: 3443: 3430: 3417: 3401: 3392: 3379: 3370: 3350: 3335: 3322: 3309: 3292: 3276: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3219: 3192: 3170: 3155: 3142: 3123: 3118:Diário Carioca 3105: 3096: 3079:Roland Clark, 3072: 3059: 3047:Panait Istrati 3039: 3037:Waldeck, p. 20 3027: 3014: 3012:Enache, p. 198 3005: 2996: 2983: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2912: 2890: 2877: 2864: 2851: 2836: 2823: 2805: 2774: 2751: 2736: 2709: 2700: 2687: 2675: 2666: 2652: 2636: 2613: 2604: 2581: 2538: 2520: 2518:, January 2012 2469: 2456: 2428: 2408: 2399: 2383: 2361: 2348: 2333: 2319: 2297: 2248: 2224: 2203: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2122:National Front 2113:Romanian icons 2100:to publish an 2086:Balkan Trilogy 2082:Olivia Manning 2074:Petru Dumitriu 2069: 2066: 1923: 1920: 1902:Georg Hromadka 1898:Traian Cercega 1867:wall newspaper 1800:Anton Dumitriu 1792:Alexandru Popp 1760: 1757: 1625:British Cyprus 1617:Heinkel He 111 1580: 1577: 1562:Adolf Eichmann 1533:Târgu Jiu camp 1419: 1416: 1400:Doftana prison 1396:British pounds 1384:Dreyfus affair 1364:French Riviera 1269:Marthe Bibesco 1253: 1250: 1198:Little Entente 1194:Czechoslovakia 1144:Nicolae Malaxa 1109:Zaharia Stancu 1016: 1013: 1009:Elvira Godeanu 1001:Ion Iancovescu 920:. Designed by 890:Augustin Pacha 856: 849: 848: 844: 837: 836: 835: 834: 833: 829:Romanian Front 825:Victor Iamandi 814:Panait Istrati 799:Prime Minister 777:, launched by 775:Floarea de Foc 688: 685: 653:Aristide Blank 637:Carol Caraiman 489:Nicolae Malaxa 450: 447: 445: 442: 318:formed around 287:Nicolae Malaxa 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194:Gustave Pordea 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 137:(aged 68) 131: 127: 126: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 95: 94: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 65: 64: 58: 57: 47: 46: 39: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5878: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5771:Romanian Jews 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5525:R. G. Waldeck 5523: 5521: 5520:973-45-0176-3 5517: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5477:. Bucharest: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462:Petre Pandrea 5460: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5409:. Bucharest: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5384:Kurt Lachmann 5382: 5380: 5379:0-7185-0126-8 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5339: 5338:973-45-0541-6 5335: 5331: 5328:. Bucharest: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5299:0-7146-3387-9 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5274:973-669-175-6 5271: 5267: 5264:. Bucharest: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5253:973-683-840-4 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:973-99605-1-0 5229: 5225: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5144: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5126:Contemporanul 5120: 5117: 5114:Keene, p. 242 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103:Iașul Literar 5101:, I—III", in 5100: 5096: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5051:, pp. 337–338 5050: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4958:, 2007, p. 31 4957: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4931:Radu Pădure, 4928: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4869:Rusnac, p. 10 4866: 4863: 4860: 4859:973-85738-4-X 4856: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4808:E. R. Frank, 4805: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4765:(in Romanian) 4761: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4739: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4706: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4461:(in Romanian) 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4412:(in Romanian) 4408: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4323:(in Romanian) 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4220:(in Romanian) 4216: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4175:973-681-989-2 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4037:(in Romanian) 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4001: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207:(in Romanian) 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2802:973-85454-0-4 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764:Horațiu Dan, 2762:(in Romanian) 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2733:973-9155-43-X 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2698:, 2015, p. 90 2697: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569:(in Romanian) 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2510:Ioan Scurtu, 2508:(in Romanian) 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2334: 2331:Keene, p. 223 2328: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2285:Dani Dancea, 2283:(in Romanian) 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2157:and promoted 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986:Richard Nixon 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1972:New York City 1969: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1941: 1933: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1765: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710:Ivan Susaykov 1707: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601:Emil Bodnăraș 1594: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1553:Remus Koffler 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537:Tudor Arghezi 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466:Horia Hulubei 1462: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432:Ion Antonescu 1429: 1425: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1412:Albert Göring 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1353:French francs 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283:Allied Powers 1280: 1279: 1274: 1273:Kurt Lachmann 1270: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1141: 1138:and his son, 1137: 1134:UDR visit by 1132: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117:Tudor Arghezi 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092:Octavian Goga 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:Ion Mihalache 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 985:Nicolae Iorga 982: 978: 974: 970: 965: 963: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910:Gheorghe Manu 907: 903: 899: 895: 892:'s chapel in 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 853: 841: 832: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 806:R. G. Waldeck 803: 800: 796: 791: 789: 785: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759:Gheorghe Beza 756: 752: 748: 747:Romanian Jews 744: 740: 739: 733: 732:Petre Pandrea 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:price ceiling 710: 706: 702: 701:1928 election 698: 694: 686: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665: 660: 659: 654: 650: 646: 645:Elena Lupescu 642: 638: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 603:Creditanstalt 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 527: 525: 521: 517: 516:Romanian Army 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 485: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 448: 443: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 378:Ion Antonescu 375: 374:Albert Göring 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327:Elena Lupescu 324: 321: 317: 316: 311: 307: 303: 299: 294: 292: 291:Creditanstalt 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 227: 223: 219: 216: 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 187: 183: 177: 173: 169: 164: 163: 159: 155: 149: 145: 141: 140:New York City 132: 128: 125: 121: 109: 105: 100: 96: 90: 85: 81: 77: 71: 66: 63: 59: 53: 48: 45: 42:Executive of 40: 36: 32: 27: 20: 5621:Arms traders 5543: 5528: 5511: 5501: 5494: 5474: 5468: 5448: 5441: 5424: 5406: 5399: 5396:Ion Lapedatu 5387: 5366: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5325: 5307: 5286: 5279: 5261: 5240: 5223: 5205: 5196: 5190: 5167: 5162: 5154: 5148: 5143: 5134: 5124: 5119: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5080: 5075: 5070:, April 2010 5065: 5056: 5048: 5043: 5034: 5025: 5017: 5012: 5003: 4995: 4990: 4981: 4972: 4963: 4955: 4950: 4940: 4927: 4917: 4912: 4904: 4899: 4891: 4886: 4881:Savin, p. 61 4865: 4850: 4845: 4840:Savin, p. 60 4836: 4826: 4821: 4813: 4804: 4796: 4791: 4782: 4772: 4760: 4752: 4741: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4660: 4652: 4647: 4639: 4634: 4626: 4610: 4605: 4597: 4584:Rusnac, p. 9 4580: 4572: 4567: 4559: 4554: 4534: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4496: 4491: 4481: 4476: 4468: 4443: 4438: 4429: 4419: 4407: 4397: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4364: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4333:, April 2014 4330: 4274: 4269: 4259: 4240: 4230: 4203: 4194: 4186: 4181: 4159:Final Report 4158: 4154: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4096: 4088: 4083: 4075: 4057: 4052: 4047:, March 2012 4044: 4021: 4016: 4008: 4003: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3941: 3933: 3925: 3905: 3896: 3886: 3883:Ioan Lăcustă 3878: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3837:Gârlan, p. 8 3815: 3806: 3797: 3775: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3730: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3674: 3665: 3655: 3650: 3635: 3630: 3621: 3611: 3579: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3537: 3516: 3511: 3496: 3491: 3481: 3476: 3468: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3438: 3433: 3425: 3420: 3410: 3404: 3395: 3387: 3382: 3373: 3358: 3353: 3343: 3338: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3271: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3217:, March 2017 3214: 3187: 3163: 3158: 3150: 3145: 3136: 3116: 3099: 3080: 3075: 3067: 3062: 3050: 3042: 3022: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2991: 2986: 2976: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2925: 2905: 2885: 2880: 2872: 2867: 2859: 2854: 2844: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2816: 2793: 2789: 2769: 2744: 2739: 2720: 2712: 2703: 2695: 2690: 2669: 2631: 2607: 2595: 2576: 2531: 2515: 2465:Cuvântul Nou 2464: 2459: 2451: 2423: 2402: 2394: 2378: 2356: 2351: 2341: 2336: 2312: 2290: 2241: 2217: 2198: 2140: 2129: 2110: 2105: 2098:Radu Tudoran 2093: 2085: 2077: 2071: 2061: 2039: 2031:Fifth Avenue 2016: 2010: 1980: 1964: 1956:Piața Romană 1949: 1944: 1937: 1915: 1909: 1895: 1878:high treason 1871: 1859:nationalized 1824: 1808: 1789: 1785:Astra Brașov 1774: 1752: 1722: 1698: 1674: 1667: 1629: 1605:Ștefan Foriș 1598: 1570: 1556: 1522: 1502:Swiss francs 1493: 1489: 1478: 1449: 1421: 1403: 1390: 1388: 1376:philosemites 1367: 1357: 1337: 1333:Radu Tudoran 1325: 1320:Adolf Hitler 1315: 1305: 1303: 1276: 1266: 1230: 1226: 1222:Viorel Tilea 1183: 1172: 1164:Nazi Germany 1149: 1120: 1112: 1102: 1100: 1074:ambassador, 1061: 1056: 1040: 1031:'s calls to 1021:Lupist Party 1018: 971:parishes in 966: 948: 934: 887: 863: 822: 792: 774: 770: 766: 736: 729: 708: 690: 662: 656: 634: 625: 611: 595:Astra Brașov 572: 528: 493: 482: 452: 411: 396: 366:World War II 362:Nazi Germany 351: 331:anti-fascism 313: 295: 246: 242: 238: 234: 233: 160: 135:(1957-01-18) 88: 79:Constituency 69: 51: 5586:1959 deaths 5581:1888 births 5067:Vanity Fair 4933:Dan Ciachir 4746:(in French) 4562:, pp. 96–98 4122:Ivan R. Dee 4114:Radu Ioanid 3534:Paul Cornea 3226:"Telefonul 2592:Petru Groza 2172:Gigi Becali 2054:Park Avenue 2027:Barbizon 63 1976:1941 pogrom 1940:Vasile Luca 1932:Park Avenue 1916:in absentia 1851:Ioan Pangal 1804:Mihai Ralea 1759:Third trial 1669:in absentia 1636:Iuliu Maniu 1549:Belu Zilber 1436:Petru Groza 1252:First trial 1210:Škoda Works 1186:Jovan Dučić 1168:racial laws 1053:Iuliu Maniu 1033:nationalize 941:liabilities 871:White Rajah 802:Ion G. Duca 779:Sandu Tudor 587:Škoda Works 518:during the 398:in absentia 354:racial laws 263:World War I 170:(1937–1938) 162:Independent 147:Nationality 5575:Categories 5531:. London: 5178:References 4232:Revista 22 2873:Calendarul 2860:Calendarul 2533:La Liberté 2092:'s novel, 2035:Cary Grant 2013:Securitate 1983:US Senator 1831:Ana Pauker 1372:police van 1348:show trial 1242:backgammon 1234:Hungarians 1029:Ernest Ene 937:foreclosed 755:scrap iron 751:Iron Guard 709:Calendarul 583:Anglophile 449:Beginnings 370:show trial 335:Iron Guard 259:sheet iron 253:. Born to 239:Ausschnitt 221:Occupation 210:Alma mater 113:1888-02-14 5533:Constable 5481:, 2011. 5413:, 2019. 5373:, 2001. 5332:, 2006. 5314:, 2016. 5293:, 1990. 5268:, 2005. 5247:, 2002. 5212:, 2015. 5210:CEU Press 5155:Háromszék 4651:Schuyler 4638:Schuyler 4609:Schuyler 4596:Schuyler 4571:Schuyler 4533:Schuyler 4169:, 2004. 4128:, 2000. 3924:, in the 3737:, 2009. 3518:Universul 2727:, 1995. 2630:, in the 1998:Michael I 1815:The Hague 1720:in 1946. 1514:Cotroceni 1494:Something 1404:camarilla 1391:camarilla 1368:camarilla 1316:camarilla 1175:self-coup 1121:Universul 1104:Universul 1072:Francoist 1057:camarilla 949:camarilla 918:Bucharest 914:Dorobanți 906:godfather 894:Timișoara 797:murdered 767:Siguranța 738:Siguranța 717:schilling 664:camarilla 484:entrepôts 463:Sephardic 444:Biography 386:Holocaust 315:camarilla 269:(UDR) of 185:Relations 175:Spouse(s) 165:(to 1937) 93:1937–1938 89:In office 74:1929–1933 70:In office 52:In office 5344:Danubius 5243:. Iași: 5082:Scînteia 5020:, p. 337 4919:Scînteia 4907:, p. 130 4774:Adevărul 4655:, p. 124 4642:, p. 277 4613:, p. 143 4600:, p. 395 4537:, p. 264 4469:Historia 4421:Adevărul 4331:Historia 4045:Historia 4009:Ardealul 3412:Adevărul 3215:Historia 3165:Adevărul 3083:. Iași: 2846:Adevărul 2818:Cuvântul 2717:Z. Ornea 2577:Historia 2516:Historia 2292:Adevărul 2176:crucifix 2090:I. 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Index