31:
715:
1556:, Administrative Assistant to the President (1949â1951) felt that "Lowenthal had a passionate dislike of the FBI and J. Edgar Hoover in particular." Asked to read galley proofs for his book on the FBI, he later commented, "The book was so unfair, so grossly biased, so sloppily done in every respect that it couldn't possibly influence anybody about the FBI. Any serious reader would just lay the thing aside in disgust... The President was just tolerant, shrugged his shoulder, tended to laugh it off and say, 'Oh, Max is that way'."
590:
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1218:, published on February 18, 1957. Russell retorted, "You seem to imply that criticisms of the FBI can be ignored if they come from Communists or Fellow-travellers. In particular, you point out that Mr. Lowenthal had a grievance against the FBI. It is, however, an almost invariable fact that protests against injustice originate with those who suffer from them." Russell recommended that Thomas go buy and read Lowenthal's book.
1520:
1307:.... A good many people were greatly excited and there was a good deal of "treat them rough stuff" during World War I and for a year or two or three afterward. I think that burned into Mr. Truman, who had been engaged in active fighting in France during the war, that such things should go on... You know, there was during World War I bitterness against the
620:. The hearings launched a major reform of the American financial system. Around 1930, "another job that I was given in connection with the charge that in the Government that men were taking positions in the Government who had private investments," connected (unclearly recounted later by Lowenthal) to his Harvard Law School friend, U.S. Solicitor General
1552:
It was filled with differences as bitter as any the country has ever known... If Mr. Lowenthal is still looking for evidence as to what can be done through the FBI, under its present centralized direction from
Washington, to oppress dissenting individuals and groups, it would be well for him to study the period from December 8, 1941 to the end of 1945.
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that
Barkley set up a meeting with these fellows and talk to them individually. So instead of that they set up a breakfast the next morning and invited all the labor leaders. Well, they are very jealous of each other. So, all that achieved was one more snubbing for the prima donnas, so they sat on their hands as far as Barkley was concerned.
875:
396:
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in 1952, however, T. Henry Walnut (member of the
Pennsylvania Bar) noted "From Mr. Lowenthal's review of the FBI's political activities they would appear negligible between the years 1924 and 1946, when the Bureau picked up the trail of the Communist. This period, however, was not a political vacuum.
1401:
Max
Lowenthal was a good friend of the President's from the days in the '30s... They became friends at that time, and he had total access to the White House. During the McCarthy period he was there all the time, almost daily; he used to hang out in Matt Connelly's rear office. I had had an encounter
653:
to
Benjamin V. Cohen.) Abuses he cited included: control of receivership and of reorganization by owners prior to acknowledgement of insolvency, inadequate administration of properties prior to reorganization, inadequate regulatory supervision, and conflicts of interest. While making the rounds "as
1431:
There was an operation run, more or less, under the supervision of Max
Lowenthal in the basement of the White House which was to prepare answers to the charges that McCarthy was hurling so freely during all that period and get them ready in a hurry, not wait until the lie had gone around the world
1188:
from the WPA, as "very effective in the problems we had in connection with the recognition of Israel" because of his contacts in the Jewish community: "David
Dubinsky, Abraham Feinberg. You name any leader in the Jewish faction, and he had intimate contacts with him." Connelly denoted Lowenthal as
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on the phone and Les had always been very close to
Barkley and he was out there at the convention, as a matter of fact, he was sergeant at arms of the convention, and I told Les what happened. So then they made a strategic mistake, because labor leaders are all prima donnas, and I suggested to Les
460:
Lowenthal is of special interest. A product of
Harvard Law, he has been described by a New Deal associate as "self-effacing and ubiquitous." Shuttling between New York and Washington, he has maintained a New York office while holding a variety of Government posts dating back to World War I. On one
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I mentioned that Max
Lowenthal had once told Niles, and possibly others that I was a Fascist, that was in 1949, because I told Lowenthal I favored wiretapping under proper controls... Nash said it was quite possible that Max Lowenthal was very vindictive, and he mentioned that Max Lowenthal is
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in "setting up testimony", after Vaughan admitted repeated episodes of trading access to the White House for expensive gifts. Later, he also helped Connelly himself (who was convicted of bribery charges in 1956). (When asked whether Lowenthal served on that counter-McCarthy committee, Connelly,
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When he came back from service in the Army in the First World War, he was disgusted with the hysteria that prevailed in some quarters in 1919 and 1920, and I think he never forgot that -- that disgust that he had acquired. You may remember -- I don't mean to say that Mr. Truman mentioned this
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Lowenthal later recollected, "Until we went into World War II, I may have been doing some work for the Interstate Commerce Committee. I was for a number of years, in that category which was referred to as dollar-a-year men, but, when we went into the war, I had a talk with Senator Wheeler and
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I remember it very well because I had Max LowenthalâI believe you know Max LowenthalâI had him out there and Max was very close to the labor boys. I had a room at the Mayflower Hotel with two TV sets watching the convention, and I used to get calls from Max, from Chicago, and the day Barkley
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On November 19, 1950, the government published Lowenthal's closed-session testimony from September 15, 1950. During testimony, Lowenthal had denied aiding or abetting Communists in government service. Specifically, he denied any involvement in the employment or sponsoring of
581:, the bank held its assets in cash or cash-equivalents. "It was the advice of Max Lowenthal that helped more than anything else to keep our banks open during the Hoover banking collapse," Hillman later noted. Advising Lowenthal in this period was Benjamin V. Cohen.
821:"were on my trail... Yes, they are plotting against your dad" along with many others "trying to make him VP against his will." Truman told Lowenthal that FDR had included him on his shortlist of candidates for vice president. Lowenthal went with Truman to meet with
806:"). "I attended one or two hearings out of interest, but I was completing work for the Interstate Commerce Committee at that time and then I was involved in some work in the war effort which was pretty absorbing -- it was day and night work," he later recalled.
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as counsel. After reviewing his curriculum vitae, the committee tried to link him with known or alleged Communist Party members and organizations, some of which he confirmed, others not, all without admitting any wrongdoing. Names mentioned included:
844:, whom he had known "for many years": Patterson told Lowenthal he was sending him to Berlin for a "war job, or a wartime-produced task... I think that was the last official position I held in government." The job was restitution of property stolen by
803:
1546:
Sunday Book Review, Cabell Phillips said the book showed "immense research and careful documentation" and "almost for the first time... it pulled aside the selfârighteous cloak in which the FBI has wrapped itself." Writing for the
698:. By 1939, the Senate had introduced a "Lowenthal Bi|ll" to create a special "Railroad Reorganization Court" for bankrupt railroads and downsizing of capitalization and reduction of fixed charges. In April 1939, ICC commissioner
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was making." This followed McCarthy's claim that he possessed "a list" of Communists within the State Department. Lowenthal was later unable to recall clearly the names of anyone who helped him: Truman Library oral historian
273:
Many of Lowenthal's accomplishments are presumed unknown as some are being discovered through historical research. Lowenthal had an incredibly discreet personality and often refused to take credit for his accomplishments.
1382:" I know they thought he was a Communist. And I never could figure that out. They came around to me about it. Max was a far-out liberal. He was a very good investigator on the railroads.": Raymond P. Brandt, St. Louis
1286:
I was deeply sold on Mr. Truman's usefulness to America. I haven't been a hero worshipper but I have had deep affection for some men in public affairs whom I got to know, and that was certainly true in the case of Mr.
628:
In 1933â1934, he consulted for the U.S. Senate Banking and Currency Committee. "I can't remember that I had worked for any congressional committee before that, but this I would not want to affirm categorically."
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has me teamed up with Max Lowenthal in running that operation, which is not correct. I did an awful lot of work on the McCarthy stuff, but I did it in terms of trying to devise some machinery, or system, or
734:, after Truman joined a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Interstate Commerce Committee, investigating railroads and holding companies, which resulted in U.S. Senate Resolution 71 on February 4, 1935. Senator
1538:, in which he dealt with issues he felt were still unresolved "although they were brought to light and discussed by statesmen in 1908 and 1909 when the police force now known as the FBI was created." The
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2457:
David McCullough Library E-book Box Set: 1776, Brave Companions, The Great Bridge, John Adams, The Johnstown Flood, Mornings on Horseback, Path Between the Seas, Truman, The Course of Human Events
2006:
How the Government Handled Its Labor Problems During the War: Handbook of the Organizations Associated with the National Labor Administration; with Notes on Their Personnel, Functions and Policies
1145:
arrivedâunfortunately he had very bad eyesâand he walked through the lobby of the hotel and he didn't recognize the labor boys who were there. So they thought they were snubbed. So I then got
890:
During 1947-1948, the FBI investigated Lowenthal. They used wiretaps, as evidenced in later-FOIA-ed FBI files. FBI files on Lowenthal also include draft versions of his 1948 book on the FBI.
1492:(May 1932), "Max Lowenthal, member of the New York bar" appears in an article called "Protest Meeting." During his 1950 HUAC testimony, Lowenthal admitted that he had helped organize the "
930:
called Lowenthal a "menace to the best interests of America." Dondero said that his government career was "replete with incidents where he aided and abetted Communists" starting in 1917.
1927:
Hearings regarding communism in the United States Government: Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eighty-first Congress, second session
1323:, the Socialist, out of the Congress. Mr. Truman was disgusted with such excitement, and I think that may have been part of his make-up from childhood onward, but I'm only guessing.
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As late as 1967, Lowenthal denied ever even discussing Israel with President Truman and claimed to have only heard of the partition of Palestine through a secondhand source in the
485:. Back in 1920, at the time of her admission to the New York bar, Carol also was a Lowenthal protégée, and it was in his office that she served her first and only legal clerkship.
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one of contactsâ"oh, very much so, very much so." When Niles died in 1951, Connelly chose Feinberg to succeed him in that liaison role.) Historian Michael J. Cohen argues that
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suggested that probably I ought to be available on some wartime work, and Chairman Wheeler thought that was right." Thus, Lowenthal did not serve with Truman on the so-called "
829:(CIO) union federation, for support. "I think that someone in his organization had been urging another name on Phil Murray, but I believe in time he swung behind Mr. Truman."
411:
Lowenthal ran a private law practice from 1912 to 1932. Cases involved workers rights, defense of right-to-strike legislation and shareholder rights in receivership cases.
658:(one of Felix Frankfurter's "Happy Hotdogs"), Lowenthal told any and all that nothing would happen "without the help of railway labor." On July 5, 1935 Federal Coordinator
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and Max Lowenthal. Whenever I try to talk to them about Palestine they soon burst into tears because they are so emotionally involved in the subject" in 1948: :
1057:, a former civil servant, whom Hickenlooper denounced for criticizing the FBI, for chairing the National Committee for Democratic Action, and for affiliations with
501:, who was one of Cohen's professor at Harvard (and was uncle of Lowenthal's wife). In October 1920, Cohen first worked for Lowenthal on a bankruptcy case involving
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AKA "HUAC" (two of whose members were Mundt and Nixonâof the Mundt-Nixon Bill). Already in August 1950, HUAC had re-subpoenaed four witness who had been part of
214:, political figure in all three branches of the federal government in the 1930s and 1940s, during which time he was closely associated with the rising career of
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announced the book a day in advance of its publication on November 21, 1947, with a subtitle that read "Lawyer Says Hoover Policies Set Up Secret Police." In
1436:âgood manâworked in that thing and one or two others whose names I can't remember at the moment. Max Lowenthal was very much involved in that, and in his book
1081:. Hickenlooper stated "I have the greatest admiration and respect for the integrity of the director, Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, and his staff personnel" at the FBI.
2297:. Yale University Press. p. 10 (Lowenthal, Mack, Frankfurter), 47 (Cohen as protege), 52 (Amalgamated), 62 (Szold), 66â70 (railroads), 293â294 (Israel).
600:
During his early days in politics, Lowenthal served as advisor to several United States senators. In 1929, he served as pro bono secretary on U.S. President
859:
at that time) made recommendations that included "relaxing the universal ban on wire tapping"âat which time, Lowenthal "noticed that that was in the list."
855:
Upon his return to the States, Lowenthal "had a good deal of work" on Nazi-related cases of "heirless" property. In that period, the U.S. Attorney General (
901:, where he denied he had "aided and abetted" Communist in government service . The book and negative press helped end a 38-year career in public service.
1176:, an advisor to President Truman, from 1947-1952. President Truman credited Lowenthal as being the primary force behind the United States recognition of
1106:, and Franklin N. Parks. The White House was supportive: when Lowenthal came to Washington to work, sometimes he would be provided office space there.
3433:
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could not secure the presidential nomination from the Democratic Party due to a lack of endorsement from labor leaders. Connelly later recalled:
848:. Lowenthal spent six weeks in Germany to collect evidence so he could draw up a report, reporting to the U.S. High Commissioner of Germany, General
837:
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1125:. They discussed the need for the U.S. government to support international security. "I certainly did appreciate your good letter," Truman ended.
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513:
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400:
342:
246:, to Minnesota. At a young age, he started using the more "American" name of Max. He had two older siblings, of whom only one survived childhood.
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706:(passed and signed into law on April 3, 1939). Its special court would make for "sounder reorganizations" thanks to judges trained in railroads.
778:, "Lowenthal served as counsel for Senator Truman during the hearings on the setting up of the Civil Aeronautics Board." According to daughter
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on the Senate Committee investigating railroad financing, as it resumed its open hearings today, when Senator Truman was presiding for Senator
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Since Lowenthal was a legal counselor, his counterparts attending such an important meeting could have started Murray's CIO general counselor
1022:"toward the end of my service with the board" He also said that Wheeler had not worked with him in Germany." He also claimed to have advised
826:
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hand, he has been an assiduous cultivator of high-level friendships, including Presidents Roosevelt and Truman and Supreme Court Justices
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1773:
481:, a young lawyer who became so carried away by communism that he denounced his United States citizenship to make a new career bebind the
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1453:, a rightâwing columnist, called Lowenthal "the mysterious New York lawyer, who now appears to have picked Harry Truman for President."
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961:. The committee had asked both Pressman and Kramer whether they knew Lowenthal; both confirmed. Lowenthal brought former U.S. Senator
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694:. Only in December 1936 did Lowenthal manage to obtain enough subpoenaed documentation to begin actual investigation, according to
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766:, who later headed the Claims Division in the Solicitor General's office of the U.S. Department of Justice during World War II,
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1078:
1045:, by Max Lowenthal, New Deal mystery man of Washington." The first ("A Lawyer's Indictment in Mood of Prosecutor") was by Rev.
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663:
2536:"A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company: Its Predecessors and Successors and Its Historical Context: 1936"
2510:"A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company: Its Predecessors and Successors and Its Historical Context: 1935"
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450:. Nevertheless, newspaper accounts of King (in the 1950s) mention Lowenthal as not only an associate but her employer. The
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798:" (1941-1944) (formally, the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program, 1941-1948, from 1948 the
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1952:. Harvard University Press. p. 19 (personal network), 26 (1933), 31 (Frankfurther), 256 (Corcoran), 265 (Corcoran).
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wrote to Senator Wheeler (committee chair), with Lowenthal as committee counsel, to recommend 18 railroads (including
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in her biography of King, Ginger does say that King formed a "loose partnership" with radical attorneys, who included
30:
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magazine. The ad mentions that the bank is owned and operated by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers. It lists chairman
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During the 1950s, Lowenthal supervised "an operation... conducted... to prepare answers to the charges that Senator
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3192:"Low Wages Are Discussed in Report: Study Is Made of the Relative Costs of Living at Home and in Foreign Countries"
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469:. On the other, he has been an equally assiduous collector of proteges for whom he has found many Government jobs.
612:) to investigate gang-related crimes and Prohibition enforcement through July 1930, when he resigned. He assisted
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The Amalgamated relationship seems to have started when Lowenthal defended Hillman in 1920 in a labor dispute in
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1920–1929: Partners in Szold Branwen law firm and becomes a "very wealthy New York lawyer" in Lowenthal,
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During the same interview, however, Lowenthal remembered only one Truman staff member by name (Victor Messall).
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In 1953, Lowenthal was "member" of the Truman Administration, according to the papers of American evangelist
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234:, Minnesota. In the 1870s, his parents Nathan (Naphtali) Lowenthal and Gertrude (Nahamah) Gitel, both
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In May 1951, White House Appointments Secretary Matthew J. Connelly asked Lowenthal to help General
1010:, a former US government employee who had defected to Czechoslovakia in 1947 and publicly requested
573:. As late as 1929, Lowenthal still had a close relationship with the Amalgamated Bank, as after the
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Do you recall the difficulty that Mr. Barkley had at the 1952 convention with the labor delegates?
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In mid-summer 1951, Truman wrote Lowenthal to thank him for a letter and respond regarding Senator
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as authorities on wrongdoings by the FBI. Russell responded in "The State of Civil Liberties" in
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From 1944 to 1946, Lowenthal left official government service. In 1944, Lowenthal attended the
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filled his place with Truman. Senators on that subcommittee included: Wheeler (chair), Truman,
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2013:. 1919. pp. 4 (Wilson, Frankfurter), 10â11 (creation, purpose, personnel, organization)
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Counsel and chief investigator Max Lowenthal huddles with U.S. Senator and acting chairman
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However, Spingarn also suspected that Lowenthal (and Connelly) "stuck the knife in me."
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Lowenthal's best known accomplishment occurred during his term as the chief adviser on
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In the early 1920s, Lowenthal seems to have had a law office in New York City. While
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later mistakenly recalled one partner as "Max Bramblin" of "Lowenthal & Bramblin")
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2033:"Hearings of the United States Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities"
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Regarding Truman overall, late in life Lowenthal told Truman Library oral historian
3389:"George B. Leonard: An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society"
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The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell Volume 29: DĂ©tente or Destruction, 1955-57
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2605:. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Company: 779â782 (779â780, 782 Lowenthal). 6 May 1939
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He died age 83 on May 18, 1971, at home (444 Central Park West) of heart ailment.
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and committee counsel Lowenthal testified. Lowenthal explained changes in the new
277:
A memo in Lowenthal's FBI file reveals the following chronology (supplemented):
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He graduated from North High School in 1905, first in his class. He also attended
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there in 1950. He noted that Wheeler had been transferred to his division on the
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In 1933, Lowenthal began advocating railroad reform by republishing his original
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2689:. Harper Collins. p. 106 (Alleghany), 167 (Brandeis), 521â522 (MacArthur).
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2405:. Yale University Press: 928 (fn 10: best expression of need for reorganization)
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however, said, "Not that I recall. He had nothing to do with the White House.")
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of November 26, 1950, there are published two reviews of a recent book entitled
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United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
321:'s Mediation Commission (Morgenthau Mission, recommended by Felix Frankfurter))
3434:"Lowenthal Book Assails FBI: Lawyer Says Hoover Policies Set Up Secret Police"
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on an "unofficial policy group" within the Truman administration (1947â1952).
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In 1952, when Truman announced he would not seek re-election, Vice President
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union in 1922, following a 1921 visit to the Soviet Union by union president
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refused to answer questions as to whether he was acquainted with Lowenthal.
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he recommended that the bank sell its securities for cash; throughout the
2573:. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Company: 761â763 (763 Lowenthal Bill). 1939
1342:
Recollections of Lowenthal from Truman Library oral histories are mixed.
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1920â1921: Assistant secretary to Second President's Industrial Congress
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Turnstile Press Limited, pub. 1950)
2269:
Thompson, Craig (17 February 1951). "The Communists's Dearest Friend".
774:, and John Davis. According to close Truman's Appointments Secretary
395:
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On September 15, 1950, Lowenthal told HUAC that he kept homes at 467
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relied on Lowenthal for advice on Israel, and Lowenthal in turn on
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in Chicago. In 1944, Truman wrote to his daughter that Lowenthal,
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went even further in 1951 in a long article on Carol Weiss King:
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2988:"Harry H. Vaughan, Major General Who Was An Aide To Truman, Dies"
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (William Sloane, pub. 1950)
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In 1948, Truman felt (according to Lowenthal in 1967) that the
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with Senate committee hearings investigating the causes of the
2968:. US GPO. 27 November 1950. pp. 15780â15783, 15780 (book)
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1527:
1312:
1303:
specifically -- there was a magazine published by a man named
1774:"Max Lowenthal, Lawyer, Dies; Book on F.B.I. Stirred a Storm"
1371:"(Truman said)... I have two Jewish assistants on my staff,
897:(see Works, below), which led to him being called before the
253:, where he learned Hebrew. He received a BA in 1909 from the
2561:"Prospective Transport Legislation and Railway Net Earnings"
1423:
currently spending much time in Matt's office with L's son.
1271:. During World War II, he resided at 1 West Irving Street,
2541:. Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society
2515:. Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society
1319:; that came later. You read about that period. They threw
512:(RAIC) of 31 Union Square, New York City, launched by the
489:
Another important protege of Lowenthal's (and his partner
1248:. They had three children: David (1923), John (1925) and
1053:, which Hickenlooper read into the record. The second by
758:. Heading the legal counselors for that subcommittee was
649:(1933) (Felix Frankfurter attributed much of the work on
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People associated with Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
3761:
A Safe Haven: Harry S. Truman and the Founding of Israel
3011:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. 30 November 1967
2654:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. 28 November 1967
2060:
The New Woman as Librarian: The Career of Adelaide Hasse
1418:
told Spingarn it was Connelly, influenced by Lowenthal:
1240:(2007), where Lowenthal maintained a home for many years
782:, Truman relied on Lowenthal to keep up pressure on the
538:, cashier Leroy Peterson, and other directors: Hillman,
3675:
Police methods in crime detection and counter-espionage
3461:"The Federal Bureau of Investigation. By Max Lowenthal"
3054:"Truman the Politician and the Establishment of Israel"
1587:
Police methods in crime detection and counter-espionage
359:
of 43 Exchange Place, New York City. (FTC commissioner
3756:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990.)
1507:
Lowenthal's correspondents included fellow Minnesotan
1244:
Lowenthal was married to Eleanor Mack, niece of Judge
477:
benefited by his friendship, and, for a time, did one
230:
Mordechai Lowenthal was born on February 26, 1888, in
3315:"Oral History Interview with Stephen J. Spingarn (1)"
3285:"Oral History Interview with Stephen J. Spingarn (8)"
3255:"Oral History Interview with Stephen J. Spingarn (2)"
2426:"Railroad Receiverships and Modern Bankruptcy Theory"
1432:
before the truth has gotten its pants on. I remember
1165:(who also lists him among "Alleged Reds" 1950â1954).
933:
On September 15, 1950, Lowenthal appeared before the
606:
National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement
314:
1917: Clerk or assistant at U.S. Department of State
3197:. Hammond Advertiser of Hammond, NY. 28 January 1932
1180:. On the other hand, Matthew J. Connelly pointed to
1154:
Lowenthal introduced Truman to U.S. Supreme Justice
893:
In 1950, Lowenthal published a book critical of the
2646:
2644:
2642:
1930:. US Government Printing Office. 15 September 1950.
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1402:early in my White House career with Max Lowenthal.
738:had to withdraw from the subcommittee, and Senator
520:. He was also one of the original directors of the
186:
175:
157:
144:
129:
121:
113:
103:
93:
85:
66:
40:
21:
3781:: Photo of Truman and Lowenthal (October 20, 1937)
3563:. Harvard Law Review Association. pp. 18â58.
3369:. International Juridical Association: 5. May 1932
3009:"Oral History Interviews with Matthew J. Connelly"
2652:"Oral History Interviews with Matthew J. Connelly"
2593:"Hearings Begun on Wheeler Rail Revamping Measure"
1985:. Cumulative Digest Corporation. 1919. p. 721
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
317:1917â1918: Assistant secretary to U.S. President
3631:. William Sloane Associates. pp. 559 pages.
2144:, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 29 August 1947
337:1919â1920: Returns to private practice; defends
3616:. William Sloane Associates. pp. 559 pages.
3492:"Oral History Interview with George M. Else (9)"
3343:. New York: Random House. pp. 635fn (IJA).
2190:Carol Weiss King, human rights lawyer, 1895-1952
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
3225:"Oral History Interview with Roswell Gilpatric"
3003:
3001:
2250:. Town Talk. 21 May 1954. p. 6 (associate)
1949:The Politics of Railroad Coordination 1933-1936
1723:
1721:
1719:
1429:
1300:
508:In 1923, Lowenthal was general counsel for the
3591:"Oral History Interview with Jonathan Daniels"
2326:"Amalgamated Bank of New York (advertisement)"
1881:
1879:
1877:
1737:"Oral History Interview with Oscar R. Ewing 4"
790:over the "Alleghany-Missouri Pacific matter."
2940:
2938:
2372:"The Case for a Special Reorganization Court"
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1496:" in the 1930s. He was also a member of the
35:Max Lowenthal in his Washington office (1939)
8:
3851:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
3140:"Max Lowenthal: FOIA FBI Files, Part 7 of 7"
3118:"Guide to the John Lowenthal Papers TAM.190"
2294:Benjamin V. Cohen: Architect of the New Deal
2164:"Oral History Interview with John J. Carson"
1030:as Democratic candidate for vice president.
534:, president R. L. Redheffer, vice president
261:, where he began a lifelong friendship with
3719:. Harvard Law School Library. February 2006
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
1811:. Harvard Law School Library. February 2006
1702:"Oral History Interview with Max Lowenthal"
1298:in the United States, Lowenthal commented:
446:), whom she met through her brother-in-law
311:1915: Starts own law firm in New York City
3677:. Conference on Criminal Law Enforcement.
3391:. Minnesota Historical Society. March 1991
3172:. Twentieth Century Fund. 1994. p. 43
29:
18:
3733:"Collection of Max Lowenthal (1945â1947)"
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2192:. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
1840:"Collection of Max Lowenthal (1945â1947)"
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
2228:. 13 February 1952. p. 4 (employer)
2052:
2050:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1098:suggested that they might have included
800:Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
686:) for investigation, as reported in the
438:as well as a long-term association with
3654:. Greenwood Press. pp. 559 pages.
2424:Lubben, Stephen J. (6 September 2004).
2399:"Conflicting Ideals for Reorganization"
2116:"Adele D. Bramwen, Artist, 64, Is Dead"
1656:
1577:Uncredited speeches for Harry S. Truman
1363:, Deputy Secretary of Defense (1961â64)
992:Russian-American Industrial Corporation
912:recommended Lowenthal for a job at the
832:In Fall 1946, Lowenthal had lunch with
645:in book form along with a second book,
624:(1929â1930), son of 11th Chief Justice
510:Russian-American Industrial Corporation
401:Russian-American Industrial Corporation
3775:: Felix Frankfurter papers, 1846â1966
3593:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
3494:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
3432:Hinton, Harold B. (20 November 1950).
3317:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
3287:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
3257:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
3227:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
2490:
2480:
2166:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1739:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
1704:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
1406:told me that Max was worried about an
935:House Un-American Activities Committee
899:House Un-American Activities Committee
3748:Truman Library - Max Lowenthal Papers
3083:Russell, Bertrand (12 October 2012).
2945:"Lowenthal Denies Any Ties to Reds".
2918:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 7 of 7"
2893:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 6 of 7"
2868:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 5 of 7"
2843:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 4 of 7"
2818:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 3 of 7"
2793:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 2 of 7"
2768:"Subject: Max Lowenthal, Part 1 of 7"
2063:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 289â290.
1121:'s speech of Jun 14, 1951, attacking
882:served as Lowenthal's counsel before
16:American political figure (1888â1971)
7:
3769:: Donald S Dawson papers, 1944-1993
1397:Commissioner (1950â1953), recalled,
866:that year was "to punish sedition."
827:Congress of Industrial Organizations
418:does not mention him as a mentor of
3796:Duke University - Max Lowenthal box
3652:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
3629:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
3614:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
2534:Baer, Christopher T. (April 2015).
1581:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
1490:International Juridical Association
1470:International Juridical Association
1386:Washington Bureau Chief (1934â1961)
1043:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
1000:International Juridical Association
926:That same day, U.S. Representative
811:1944 Democratic National Convention
330:1918â1919: Assistant chairman for
151:The Federal Bureau of Investigation
3717:"Max Lowenthal. Papers, 1929-1931"
1809:"Max Lowenthal. Papers, 1929-1931"
1534:In 1950 he wrote a book about the
1359:"A famous investigator" in 1935:
1315:, not against, to any extent, the
524:of New York, as advertised in the
117:Lawyer, government legal counselor
14:
3701:"Max Lowenthal papers, 1910-1971"
3166:Twentieth Century Fund: 1919â1994
2291:Lasser, Willam (1 October 2008).
1887:"Max Lowenthal papers, 1910-1971"
1484:. In the inaugural issue of the
1464:, Lowenthal (Max "Loewenthal" in
298:Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
3791:EHRI Collection of Max Lowenthal
3759:Ronald Radosh and Allis Radosh,
3465:University of Chicago Law Review
1549:University of Chicago Law Review
289:1912â1913: Law clerk for Judge
3735:. EHRI Consortium. 4 April 2013
3673:Lowenthal, Max (2 March 1951).
3561:The Railroad Reorganization Act
3089:. Routledge. pp. 163â164.
2949:. 19 November 1950. p. 69.
2057:Black, Clare (31 August 2006).
1842:. EHRI Consortium. 4 April 2013
1572:The Railroad Reorganization Act
1330:Lowenthal was a trustee of the
1079:Americans for Democratic Action
895:Federal Bureau of Investigation
643:The Railroad Reorganization Act
3866:University of Minnesota alumni
2378:. Duke University: 455 (fn 24)
2093:Monthly Labor Review, Volume 7
1085:Unofficial policy group member
1033:On November 27, 1950, Senator
654:agents of the President" with
1:
3861:20th-century American lawyers
2508:Baer, Christopher T. (1935).
2376:Law and Contemporary Problems
2011:Bureau of Industrial Research
1449:After the FBI book came out,
676:Delaware & Hudson Company
345:in "landmark injunction case"
3058:Journal of Palestine Studies
2360:", Retrieved April 25, 2009.
2035:. US GPO. 1950. p. 2960
1456:In the early 1930s, claimed
1427:Spingarn further recalled:
1294:Regarding Truman's views on
762:, assisted by Lowenthal and
514:Amalgamated Clothing Workers
343:Amalgamated Clothing Workers
238:, emigrated from Kovno (now
3070:10.1525/jps.2010.XXXIX.4.28
3052:Davidson, Lawrence (2010).
3031:"Billy James Hargis Papers"
2962:Senate Congressional Record
1367:Others are less favorable:
870:FBI and HUAC investigations
802:or "PSI," and current the "
257:and graduated in 1912 from
3887:
3787:: Max Lowenthal Collection
2432:. Cornell University Press
2403:Faculty Scholarship Series
2096:. US GPO. 1919. p. 23
838:Assistant Secretary of War
704:Reorganization Act of 1939
594:George Woodward Wickersham
296:1913â1914: Law clerk for
3831:Harvard Law School alumni
3703:. University of Minnesota
3459:Walnut, T. Henry (1952).
2397:Foster, Roger S. (1935).
2370:Clay, Cassius M. (1940).
1982:Business Digest, Volume 6
1889:. University of Minnesota
1208:for citing Lowenthal and
1016:Board of Economic Warfare
784:Missouri Pacific Railroad
680:J.P. Morgan & Company
626:Charles Evans Hughes, Sr.
618:Wall Street Crash of 1929
575:Wall Street Crash of 1929
28:
3826:Writers from Minneapolis
3821:Lawyers from Minneapolis
3145:. Milwaukee Road Archive
3033:. University of Arkansas
2460:. Simon & Schuster.
1502:New York Bar Association
1498:American Bar Association
1395:Federal Trade Commission
1345:Some are favorable:
1269:New Milford, Connecticut
684:Kuhn, Loeb & Company
385:War Labor Policies Board
383:as a researcher for the
332:War Labor Policies Board
281:1907â1909: Reporter at
3650:Lowenthal, Max (1971).
3627:Lowenthal, Max (1950).
3612:Lowenthal, Max (1950).
3559:Lowenthal, Max (1933).
3536:Lowenthal, Max (1936).
3513:Lowenthal, Max (1933).
2226:Dixon Evening Telegraph
1338:Recollections about him
1229:Personal life and death
1026:in 1944 against naming
730:In 1935, Lowenthal met
660:Joseph Bartlett Eastman
633:Railroad reorganization
503:E.F. Drew & Company
324:1918: Informal aid at
255:University of Minnesota
98:University of Minnesota
3871:The Century Foundation
1531:
1494:National Lawyers Guild
1468:) was a member of the
1447:
1425:
1412:
1408:Internal Security bill
1332:Twentieth Century Fund
1325:
1289:
1241:
1152:
1035:Bourke B. Hickenlooper
996:Twentieth Century Fund
919:On September 1, 1950,
908:testified that he had
887:
836:, newly promoted from
727:
597:
544:Fiorello H. La Guardia
487:
408:
326:U.S. Department of War
308:) at $ 1,800 per annum
3763:(HarperCollins, 2009)
3217:Gilpatric, Roswell L.
3120:. New York University
2271:Saturday Evening Post
1946:Latham, Earl (1959).
1522:
1438:The Truman Presidency
1420:
1399:
1284:
1273:Chevy Chase, Maryland
1236:
1134:
1051:Georgetown University
877:
788:Alleghany Corporation
717:
668:Pennsylvania Railroad
610:Wickersham Commission
592:
458:
453:Saturday Evening Post
398:
3589:(4â5 October 1963).
3307:Spingarn, Stephen J.
3277:Spingarn, Stephen J.
3247:Spingarn, Stephen J.
1530:director (1924â1972)
1361:Roswell L. Gilpatric
1267:in Manhattan and in
1020:War Production Board
990:, Lee Pressman, the
914:War Production Board
904:On August 28, 1950,
878:Former U.S. Senator
391:Private law practice
334:to Felix Frankfurter
293:at $ 1,800 per annum
3779:Library of Congress
3773:Library of Congress
3767:Library of Congress
3337:Chambers, Whittaker
3223:(19 January 1972).
2358:Bill Moyers Journal
2248:"Russian Communism"
2162:(8 November 1971).
1460:in his 1952 memoir
1391:Stephen J. Spingarn
1334:from 1924 to 1933.
1200:In the late 1950s,
1008:George Shaw Wheeler
776:Matthew J. Connelly
700:Walter M. W. Splawn
678:) plus financiers (
664:Van Sweringen Lines
622:Charles Hughes, Jr.
571:Rochester, New York
479:George Shaw Wheeler
379:), who recommended
284:Minneapolis Journal
170:Elizabeth Lowenthal
45:Mordechai Lowenthal
3754:Truman and Israel,
3752:Michael J. Cohen,
3486:Elsey, George M.;
2947:The New York times
2430:Cornell Law Review
1532:
1472:(IJA), along with
1458:Whittaker Chambers
1242:
1184:, an associate of
1163:Billy James Hargis
1055:Joseph L. Rauh Jr.
939:Whittaker Chambers
888:
728:
639:Harvard Law Review
608:(later called the
598:
585:Government service
552:Joseph Schlossberg
409:
259:Harvard Law School
218:; he served under
210:(1888â1971) was a
108:Harvard Law School
3856:Jewish socialists
3583:Daniels, Jonathan
3538:The investor pays
3515:The investor pays
3363:"Protest Meeting"
3313:(20 March 1967).
3283:(29 March 1967).
3253:(21 March 1967).
2726:. New Word City.
2452:McCullough, David
2186:Ginger, Ann Fagan
1615:Benjamin V. Cohen
1600:Felix Frankfurter
1566:The Investor Pays
1509:George B. Leonard
1265:West Central Park
1250:Elizabeth (Betty)
1195:Benjamin V. Cohen
1100:Herbert N. Maletz
1071:William Remington
1067:Felix Frankfurter
963:Burton K. Wheeler
928:George A. Dondero
880:Burton K. Wheeler
740:Burton K. Wheeler
724:Burton K. Wheeler
651:The Investor Pays
647:The Investor Pays
536:Jacob S. Potofsky
495:Benjamin V. Cohen
463:Felix Frankfurter
442:(once partner of
263:Felix Frankfurter
205:
204:
122:Years active
55:February 26, 1888
3878:
3841:American lawyers
3744:
3742:
3740:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3694:External sources
3687:
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3670:
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3490:(10 July 1970).
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3367:Monthly Bulletin
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2778:
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2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2718:Truman, Margaret
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2681:Truman, Margaret
2677:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2648:
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2182:
2176:
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2173:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2142:Max H. Lowenthal
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2122:. 14 August 1964
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2088:
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2018:
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1770:
1749:
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1744:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1690:
1610:Carol Weiss King
1486:Monthly Bulletin
1478:Abraham Isserman
1474:Carol Weiss King
1451:Westbrook Pegler
1311:and against the
1252:. His sons were
1206:Bertrand Russell
1111:Harry H. Vaughan
1028:Henry A. Wallace
1012:political asylum
864:Mundt-Nixon Bill
842:Secretary of War
815:William M. Boyle
796:Truman Committee
764:Sidney J. Kaplan
756:Henrik Shipstead
736:Robert F. Wagner
614:Ferdinand Pecora
579:Great Depression
556:Murray Weinstein
522:Amalgamated Bank
444:Benjamin Cardozo
420:Carol Weiss King
416:Ann Fagan Ginger
403:, brainchild of
147:
139:Carol Weiss King
137:, mentorship of
133:Friendship with
73:
54:
52:
33:
19:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
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3596:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3540:. A. A. Knopf.
3535:
3534:
3530:
3517:. A. A. Knopf.
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3485:
3484:
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3468:
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2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
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2826:
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2816:
2815:
2811:
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2799:
2795:
2791:
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2766:
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2761:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2686:Harry S. Truman
2679:
2678:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
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2591:
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2559:
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2542:
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2528:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2454:(24 May 2011).
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:Pecora Part II?
2352:Moyers, Bill.:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2289:
2278:
2268:
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2253:
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2246:
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2241:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2200:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2156:Carson, John J.
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1885:
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1855:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1729:Ewing, Oscar R.
1727:
1726:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1658:
1653:
1645:David Lowenthal
1625:Harry S. Truman
1596:
1554:George M. Elsey
1524:J. Edgar Hoover
1517:
1442:Cabell Phillips
1355:Margaret Truman
1340:
1254:David Lowenthal
1231:
1210:Cedric Belfrage
1140:
1123:George Marshall
1119:Joseph McCarthy
1087:
1047:Edmund A. Walsh
1039:Washington Post
1037:noted, "In the
988:Allan Rosenberg
872:
780:Margaret Truman
732:Harry S. Truman
720:Harry S. Truman
712:
635:
587:
542:, Joseph Gold,
540:August Bellanca
393:
367:Lowenthal knew
271:
236:Orthodox Jewish
228:
216:Harry S. Truman
191:David Lowenthal
162:David Lowenthal
145:
135:Harry S. Truman
125:1923–1967
104:Alma mater
81:
75:
71:
62:
61:, Minnesota, US
56:
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3745:
3729:
3713:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3665:
3642:
3619:
3604:
3587:Hess, Jerry N.
3574:
3551:
3528:
3505:
3488:Hess, Jerry N.
3478:
3451:
3438:New York Times
3424:
3413:
3402:
3380:
3354:
3328:
3311:Hess, Jerry N.
3298:
3281:Hess, Jerry N.
3268:
3251:Hess, Jerry N.
3238:
3221:Hess, Jerry N.
3208:
3183:
3156:
3131:
3109:
3095:
3075:
3044:
3022:
2997:
2994:. 22 May 1981.
2992:New York Times
2979:
2952:
2934:
2909:
2884:
2859:
2834:
2809:
2784:
2759:
2746:
2732:
2709:
2695:
2665:
2638:
2616:
2584:
2552:
2526:
2500:
2466:
2443:
2416:
2389:
2362:
2345:
2317:
2304:978-0300128888
2303:
2276:
2261:
2239:
2213:
2198:
2177:
2160:Hess, Jerry N.
2147:
2133:
2120:New York Times
2107:
2083:
2069:
2046:
2024:
1996:
1972:
1958:
1933:
1900:
1853:
1822:
1791:
1778:New York Times
1750:
1735:(2 May 1969).
1733:Hess, Jerry N.
1715:
1698:Hess, Jerry N.
1694:Lowenthal, Max
1655:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1640:John Lowenthal
1637:
1632:
1630:Oscar R. Ewing
1627:
1622:
1620:Sidney Hillman
1617:
1612:
1607:
1605:Julian W. Mack
1602:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:(1951) (paper)
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1544:New York Times
1540:New York Times
1516:
1513:
1404:Clark Clifford
1388:
1387:
1380:
1377:Oscar R. Ewing
1365:
1364:
1357:
1351:Louis Brandeis
1339:
1336:
1258:John Lowenthal
1230:
1227:
1215:The New Leader
1191:Clark Clifford
1174:Clark Clifford
1156:Louis Brandeis
1104:Lowell Mellett
1086:
1083:
955:Charles Kramer
921:Charles Kramer
871:
868:
850:Lucius D. Clay
825:, head of the
760:Telford Taylor
748:Victor Donahey
711:
708:
688:New York Times
672:Wabash Railway
656:Tommy Corcoran
634:
631:
602:Herbert Hoover
586:
583:
548:Abraham Miller
532:Hyman Blumberg
518:Sidney Hillman
499:Julian W. Mack
467:Louis Brandeis
428:Swinburne Hale
424:Joseph Brodsky
405:Sidney Hillman
392:
389:
381:Adelaide Hasse
377:Nathaniel Weyl
365:
364:
361:John J. Carson
349:
346:
339:Sidney Hillman
335:
328:
322:
319:Woodrow Wilson
315:
312:
309:
294:
287:
270:
267:
227:
224:
220:Oscar R. Ewing
212:Washington, DC
203:
202:
195:John Lowenthal
188:
184:
183:
182:(wife's uncle)
177:
173:
172:
166:John Lowenthal
159:
155:
154:
148:
142:
141:
131:
130:Known for
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
76:
74:(aged 83)
68:
64:
63:
57:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3883:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:American Jews
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
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3751:
3749:
3746:
3734:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3702:
3698:
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3680:
3676:
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3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3467:: 638 (quote)
3466:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3098:
3096:9781134245253
3092:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2733:9780380721122
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2698:
2696:9780380721122
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2627:. Maslon, LLP
2626:
2620:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2484:
2469:
2467:9781451658255
2463:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2334:
2333:The Liberator
2327:
2321:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:. p. 92.
2272:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:0-87081-285-8
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2072:
2070:9781461673347
2066:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1961:
1959:9780674689510
1955:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
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1841:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1780:. 19 May 1971
1779:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1738:
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1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1583:(1950) (1971)
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:(1933) (1936)
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
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1471:
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1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1384:Post-Dispatch
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:"Disciple of
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:Victor Berger
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1280:Jerry N. Hess
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Norman Thomas
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:Harry Hopkins
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:Alben Barkley
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Jerry N. Hess
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:Martin Popper
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
891:
885:
881:
876:
869:
867:
865:
860:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Bob Patterson
830:
828:
824:
823:Philip Murray
820:
819:Leslie Biffle
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Lucien Hilmer
769:
768:George Rosier
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Wallace White
749:
745:
744:Alben Barkley
741:
737:
733:
725:
721:
716:
709:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
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648:
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632:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
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603:
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591:
584:
582:
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557:
553:
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541:
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533:
529:
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523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
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500:
496:
492:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
457:
455:
454:
449:
445:
441:
440:Walter Pollak
437:
433:
432:Walter Nelles
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
406:
402:
397:
390:
388:
386:
382:
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370:
362:
358:
354:
350:
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344:
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336:
333:
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316:
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299:
295:
292:
288:
286:
285:
280:
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275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Max Lowenthal
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153:(1950) (book)
152:
149:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
114:Occupation(s)
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
78:New York City
69:
65:
60:
43:
39:
32:
27:
23:Max Lowenthal
20:
3760:
3753:
3737:. Retrieved
3721:. Retrieved
3705:. Retrieved
3674:
3668:
3651:
3645:
3628:
3622:
3613:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3577:
3560:
3554:
3537:
3531:
3514:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3464:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3440:. p. 16
3437:
3427:
3416:
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3366:
3357:
3340:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3211:
3201:16 September
3199:. Retrieved
3186:
3176:16 September
3174:. Retrieved
3165:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3085:
3078:
3064:(4): 28-42.
3061:
3057:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2961:
2955:
2946:
2927:17 September
2925:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:17 September
2900:. Retrieved
2887:
2877:17 September
2875:. Retrieved
2862:
2852:17 September
2850:. Retrieved
2837:
2827:17 September
2825:. Retrieved
2812:
2802:17 September
2800:. Retrieved
2787:
2777:17 September
2775:. Retrieved
2762:
2755:Lee Pressman
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2723:Harry Truman
2722:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2685:
2656:. Retrieved
2629:. Retrieved
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2602:
2596:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2570:
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2503:
2471:. Retrieved
2456:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2429:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2402:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
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3816:1971 deaths
3811:1888 births
3444:14 February
2598:Railway Age
2566:Railway Age
2491:|work=
2100:18 November
2076:18 November
2039:18 November
2017:18 November
1989:18 November
1434:Herb Maletz
1416:Phileo Nash
1246:Julian Mack
1238:New Milford
1223:White House
1204:criticized
1182:David Niles
1063:Donald Hiss
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951:Nathan Witt
696:Railway Age
692:Railway Age
564:Peter Monat
436:Isaac Shorr
371:(father of
369:Walter Weyl
291:Julian Mack
232:Minneapolis
199:Betty Levin
180:Julian Mack
86:Nationality
59:Minneapolis
3805:Categories
3785:Yad Vashem
3395:15 October
3102:13 January
3037:21 October
2972:13 January
2739:13 January
2702:13 January
2625:"About Us"
2609:2 December
2577:2 December
2545:2 December
2519:2 December
2473:4 December
2436:4 December
2409:4 December
2382:2 December
2335:, May 1923
2310:4 December
2126:23 January
1965:4 December
1651:References
1445:operation.
1410:(of 1950).
1373:Dave Niles
1317:Bolsheviks
1309:Socialists
1296:red scares
1147:Les Biffle
1059:Alger Hiss
998:, and the
976:David Wahl
968:Alger Hiss
943:Ware Group
471:Alger Hiss
448:Carl Stern
373:Ware Group
306:Cadwalader
226:Background
201:(daughter)
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2493:ignored (
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1170:Palestine
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1049:S.J., of
1018:from the
641:argument
527:Liberator
244:Lithuania
176:Relatives
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2188:(1993).
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1500:and the
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357:Brandwen
197:(sons);
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