Mayfly - Knowledge

2940: 2897: 2873: 974:, thus indirectly affecting primary production positively, which is an essential process for ecosystems. The mayfly can also reallocate and alter the nutrient availability in aquatic habitats through the process of bioturbation. By burrowing in the bottom of lakes and redistributing nutrients, mayflies indirectly regulate phytoplankton and epibenthic primary production. Once burrowing to the bottom of the lake, mayfly nymphs begin to billow their respiratory gills. This motion creates current that carries food particles through the burrow and allows the nymph to filter feed. Other mayfly nymphs possess elaborate filter feeding mechanisms like that of the genus 120: 408: 737:

down; when it stops moving its wings, it falls passively with the abdomen tilted upwards. Females fly into these swarms, and mating takes place in the air. A rising male clasps the thorax of a female from below using his front legs bent upwards, and inseminates her. Copulation may last just a few seconds, but occasionally a pair remains in tandem and flutters to the ground. Males may spend the night in vegetation and return to their dance the following day. Although they do not feed, some briefly touch the surface to drink a little water before flying off.

2857: 3144: 789: 417: 3305: 3170:. In 1983, Patrick McCafferty recorded that artificial flies had been based on 36 genera of North American mayfly, from a total of 63 western species and 103 eastern/central species. A large number of these species have common names among fly fishermen, who need to develop a substantial knowledge of mayfly "habitat, distribution, seasonality, morphology and behavior" in order to match precisely the look and movements of the insects that the local trout are expecting. 147: 3182:; for example, he names the "Green-drake" for use as a natural fly, and "duns" (mayfly subimagos) as artificial flies. These include for example the "Great Dun" and the "Great Blue Dun" in February; the "Whitish Dun" in March; the "Whirling Dun" and the "Yellow Dun" in April; the "Green-drake", the "Little Yellow May-Fly" and the "Grey-Drake" in May; and the "Black-Blue Dun" in July. Nymph or "wet fly" fishing was restored to popularity on the 1136: 590: 623:, which bears the forewings, is enlarged to hold the main flight muscles. Adults have short, flexible antennae, large compound eyes, three ocelli and non-functional mouthparts. In most species, the males' eyes are large and the front legs unusually long, for use in locating and grasping females during the mid-air mating. In the males of some families, there are two large cylindrical "turban" eyes (also known as 980:. The nymph have forelegs that contain long bristle-like structures that have two rows of hairs. Interlocking hairs form the filter by which the insect traps food particles. The action of filter feeding has a small impact on water purification but an even larger impact on the convergence of small particulate matter into matter of a more complex form that goes on to benefit consumers later in the food chain. 6567: 8549: 7582: 428: 6733: 6579: 581:, the subimagos have forelegs that are short and compressed, with accordion like folds, and expands to more than double its length after moulting. After a period, usually lasting one or two days but in some species only a few minutes, the subimago moults to the full adult form, making mayflies the only insects where a winged form undergoes a further moult. 725: 930:. Some of these affect the nymphs' behaviour in such a way that they become more likely to be predated. Other nematodes turn adult male mayflies into quasi-females which haunt the edges of streams, enabling the parasites to break their way out into the aqueous environment they need to complete their life cycles. The nymphs can also serve as 741:

standing next to the water. In a few species, the female submerges and places the eggs among plants or in crevices underwater, but in general, they sink to the bottom. The incubation time is variable, depending at least in part on temperature, and may be anything from a few days to nearly a year. Eggs can go into a quiet dormant phase or

607:, are relatively primitive in structure, exhibiting traits that were probably present in the first flying insects. These include long tails and wings that do not fold flat over the abdomen. Mayflies are delicate-looking insects with one or two pairs of membranous, triangular wings, which are extensively covered with 2918: 574:

are not fully developed. Females of some mayflies (subfamily Palingeniinae) do not moult from a subimago state into an adult stage and are sexually mature while appearing like a subimago with microtrichia on the wing membrane. Oligoneuriine mayflies form another exception in retaining microtrichia on

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The final moult of the nymph is not to the full adult form, but to a winged stage called a subimago that physically resembles the adult, but which is usually sexually immature and duller in colour. The subimago, or dun, often has partially cloudy wings fringed with minute hairs known as microtrichia;

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Mayflies are distributed all over the world in clean freshwater habitats, though absent from Antarctica. They tend to be absent from oceanic islands or represented by one or two species that have dispersed from nearby mainland. Female mayflies may be dispersed by wind, and eggs may be transferred by

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eyes) that face upwards in addition to the lateral eyes. They are capable of detecting ultraviolet light and are thought to be used during courtship to detect females flying above them. In some species all the legs are functionless, apart from the front pair in males. The abdomen is long and roughly

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the least. The adverse effects on the insects of pollution may be either lethal or sub-lethal, in the latter case resulting in altered enzyme function, poor growth, changed behaviour or lack of reproductive success. As important parts of the food chain, pollution can cause knock-on effects to other

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Male adults may patrol individually, but most congregate in swarms a few metres above water with clear open sky above it, and perform a nuptial or courtship dance. Each insect has a characteristic up-and-down pattern of movement; strong wingbeats propel it upwards and forwards with the tail sloping

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studies had been made with no stability in Ephemeroptera suborders and infraorders; the traditional division into Schistonota and Pannota was wrong because Pannota is derived from the Schistonota. The phylogeny of the Ephemeroptera was first studied using molecular analysis by Ogden and Whiting in

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Females typically lay between four hundred and three thousand eggs. The eggs are often dropped onto the surface of the water; sometimes the female deposits them by dipping the tip of her abdomen into the water during flight, releasing a small batch of eggs each time, or deposits them in bulk while

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Often, all the individuals in a population mature at once (a hatch), and for a day or two in the spring or autumn, mayflies are extremely abundant, dancing around each other in large groups, or resting on every available surface. In many species the emergence is synchronised with dawn or dusk, and

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burrow into submerged wood and can be a problem for boat owners in Asia. Some are able to shift from one feeding group to another as they grow, thus enabling them to utilise a variety of food resources. They process a great quantity of organic matter as nymphs and transfer a lot of phosphates and

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in 2003. In the nymphs of most mayfly species, the paddle-like gills do not function as respiratory surfaces because sufficient oxygen is absorbed through the integument, instead serving to create a respiratory current. However, in low-oxygen environments such as the mud at the bottom of ponds in

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When ready to emerge, several different strategies are used. In some species, the transformation of the nymph occurs underwater and the subimago swims to the surface and launches itself into the air. In other species, the nymph rises to the surface, bursts out of its skin, remains quiescent for a

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It has been advanced as an argument against the use of the wet fly, that duns and the other small insects which drift down upon the surface of a stream are never seen by the fish under water, and that a wet fly is therefore an unnatural object, especially if winged. "Never " is a big word, and I

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Bloodless and many footed animals, whether furnished with wings or feet, move with more than four points of motion; as, for instance, the dayfly (ephemeron) moves with four feet and four wings: and, I may observe in passing, this creature is exceptional not only in regard to the duration of its

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stream. The air was crowded with them, and the surface of the water covered. Large trouts sucked them in as they lay struggling on the surface of the stream, unable to rise till their wings were dried ... Their motions are very peculiar, up and down for so many yards almost in a perpendicular

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Artistotle saith there is a kind of insect near the river Hypanis, which runs from a certain part of Europe into the Pontus, whose life consists but of one day; those that die at the eighth hour die in full age; those who die when the sun sets are very old, especially when the days are at the

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The nymph is the dominant life history stage of the mayfly. Different insect species vary in their tolerance to water pollution, but in general, the larval stages of mayflies, stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddis flies (Trichoptera) are susceptible to a number of pollutants including

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of Brazil also belongs as the last offshoot to Permoplectoptera. The Crato outcrops otherwise yielded fossil specimens of modern mayfly families or the extinct (but modern) family Hexagenitidae. However, from the same locality the strange larvae and adults of the extinct family

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venture to think the case is overstated. I have watched an eddy with little swirling whirlpools in it for an hour together, and again and again I have seen little groups of flies caught in one or other of the whirls, sucked under and thrown scatterwise through the water.

2917: 2872: 753:. At anywhere between ten and fifty, these post-embryonic moults are more numerous in mayflies than in most other insect orders. The nymphal stage of mayflies may last from several months to several years, depending on species and environmental conditions. 524:, being fused. Each segment bears a pair of legs which usually terminate in a single claw. The legs are robust and often clad in bristles, hairs or spines. Wing pads develop on the mesothorax, and in some species, hindwing pads develop on the metathorax. 897:. Besides the direct mortality caused by these predators, the behaviour of their potential prey is also affected, with the nymphs' growth rate being slowed by the need to hide rather than feed. The nymphs are highly susceptible to 3028:

at midsummer brings down some thin membranes that look like berries out of which burst a four-legged caterpillar in the manner of the creature mentioned above, but it does not live beyond one day, owing to which it is called the

2896: 703:, for example, usually emerges just after sunset in July and August, but in one year, a large hatch was observed at midday in June. The soft-bodied subimagos are very attractive to predators. Synchronous emergence is probably an 768:, the largest European species with a length of 12 cm (4.7 in), flies up to 3 kilometres (2 mi) upstream before depositing eggs on the water surface. These sink to the bottom and hatch after 45 days, the nymphs 464:

and are referred to as nymphs or naiads. In contrast to their short lives as adults, they may live for several years in the water. They have an elongated, cylindrical or somewhat flattened body that passes through a number of

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The threat to mayflies applies also to their eggs. "Modest levels" of pollution in rivers in England are sufficient to kill 80% of mayfly eggs, which are as vulnerable to pollutants as other life-cycle stages; numbers of the

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and fishbait. From an economic standpoint, mayflies also provide fisheries with an excellent diet for fish. Mayflies could find uses in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Their exoskeleton contains

3166:. These are based on different life-cycle stages of mayflies. For example, the flies known as "emergers" in North America are designed by fly fishermen to resemble subimago mayflies, and are intended to lure freshwater 1306:

numerous inclusions of several modern families of mayflies have been found (Ephemeridae, Potamanthidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ametropodidae, Siphlonuridae, Isonychiidae, Heptageniidae, and Ephemerellidae). The modern genus

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Ogden, T. H.; Gattolliat, J. L.; Sartori, M.; Staniczek, A. H.; Soldán, T.; Whiting, M. F. (2009). "Towards a new paradigm in mayfly phylogeny (Ephemeroptera): combined analysis of morphological and molecular data".

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Many species breed in moving water, where there is a tendency for the eggs and nymphs to get washed downstream. To counteract this, females may fly upriver before depositing their eggs. For example, the female

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Staniczek, A. H.; Bechly, G.; Godunko, R.J. (2011). "Coxoplectoptera, a new fossil order of Palaeoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta), with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies (Ephemeroptera)".

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organisms; a dearth of herbivorous nymphs can cause overgrowth of algae, and a scarcity of predacious nymphs can result in an over-abundance of their prey species. Fish that feed on mayfly nymphs that have

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produced a line of running shoes in 2003 titled "Mayfly". The shoes were designed with a wing venation pattern like the mayfly and were also said to have a finite lifetime. The telecommunication company

335:"), whose presence indicates a clean, unpolluted and highly oxygenated aquatic environment. They are unique among insect orders in having a fully winged terrestrial preadult stage, the subimago, which 6520:

Arimoro, Francis Ofurum; Muller, Wilhelmine J. (2009). "Mayfly (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) community structure as an indicator of the ecological status of a stream in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria".

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Nymphs live primarily in streams under rocks, in decaying vegetation or in sediments. Few species live in lakes, but they are among the most prolific. For example, the emergence of one species of

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are modelled to resemble them. The subimago stage does not survive for long, rarely for more than 24 hours. In some species, it may last for just a few minutes, while the mayflies in the family

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argue that the image provides "an explicit link between heaven and earth ... to suggest a cosmic resonance between sacred and profane, celestial and terrestrial, macrocosm and microcosm."

1236:", referring to the brief lifespan of adults. The English common name is for the insect's emergence in or around the month of May in the UK. The name shadfly is from the Atlantic fish the 1102:

is known from a single specimen, collected from the "foothills of Colorado" in 1873, but despite intensive surveys of the Colorado mayflies reported in 1984, it has not been rediscovered.

469:(stages), moulting and increasing in size each time. When ready to emerge from the water, nymphs vary in length, depending on species, from 3 to 30 mm (0.12 to 1.18 in). The 3127:, Hungary, mayflies are celebrated in a monument near the Belvárosi bridge, the work of local sculptor Pal Farkas, depicting the courtship dance of mayflies. The American playwright 1082:

The status of many species of mayflies is unknown because they are known from only the original collection data. Four North American species are believed to be extinct. Among these,

877:. Fish are among the main predators, picking nymphs off the bottom or ingesting them in the water column, and feeding on emerging nymphs and adults on the water surface. Carnivorous 6191: 5718: 3114:'s 2005 poem "Mayflies" includes the lines "I saw from unseen pools a mist of flies, In their quadrillions rise, And animate a ragged patch of glow, With sudden glittering". 685:) instar usually lives a very short time and is known as a subimago, or to fly fishermen as a dun. Mayflies at the subimago stage are a favourite food of many fish, and many 575:

their wings but not on their bodies. Subimagos are generally poor fliers, have shorter appendages, and typically lack the colour patterns used to attract mates. In males of

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as sister to the other clades. Mayfly phylogeny was further studied using morphological and molecular analyses by Ogden and others in 2009. They found that the Asian genus

711:. The lifespan of an adult mayfly is very short, varying with the species. The primary function of the adult is reproduction; adults do not feed and have only vestigial 4500:

Lamberti, Gary A.; Ashkenas, Linda R.; Gregory, Stan V.; Steinman, Alan D. (1987-06-01). "Effects of Three Herbivores on Periphyton Communities in Laboratory Streams".

2856: 1079:) have fallen dramatically, almost to none in some rivers. The major pollutants thought to be responsible are fine sediment and phosphate from agriculture and sewage. 4551:

Bachteram, André M.; Mazurek, Kerry A.; Ciborowsk, Jan J. H. (2005-01-01). "Sediment Suspension by Burrowing Mayflies (Hexagenia spp., Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)".

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Barber-James, Helen M.; Gattolliat, Jean-Luc; Sartori, Michel; Hubbard, Michael D. (2008). "Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater".

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Top left: Mayfly nymph, dorsal view, showing the paired gills and three projections on the abdomen; wing buds are visible on the thorax. Top right: Subimago of

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use 4 legs for walking; the male's front pair are specialised as claspers to hold the female during the mating flight. Aristotle also describes the mayfly in

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Proceedings of the 1st Dresden Meeting on Insect Phylogeny: "Phylogenetic Relationships within the Insect Orders". (Dresden, September 19-21, 2003) (page 7)

3196:. In the book, Skues discusses the use of duns to catch trout. The March brown is "probably the most famous of all British mayflies", having been copied by 6636: 4825: 547:

arise from the top or sides of the abdomen, but in some species they are under the abdomen, and in a very few species the gills are instead located on the

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compared the brief life of a daily newspaper with that of a mayfly in the satirical poem "The Newspaper" (1785), both being known as "ephemera".

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McCafferty, W. P.; Provonsha, A. V. (1986). "Comparative mouthpart morphology and evolution of the carnivorous heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera)".

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Mayflies are consumed in several cultures and are estimated to contain the most raw protein content of any edible insect by dry weight. In

1283:) have been described, which represents the fossil sister group of modern mayflies, even though they had very peculiar adaptations such as 477:, often with various hard ridges and projections; it points either forwards or downwards, with the mouth at the front. There are two large 6182: 3400:

has provided ideas on the evolution of the insect wing and giving support to the so-called gill theory which suggests that the ancestral

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Mayflies are the primary source of models for artificial flies, hooks tied with coloured materials such as threads and feathers, used in

3123:, one of the earliest surviving great works of literature. The briefness of Gilgamesh's life is compared to that of the adult mayfly. In 1263:). The larvae of Permoplectoptera still had 9 pairs of abdominal gills, and the adults still had long hindwings. Maybe the fossil family 858:

nitrates to terrestrial environments when they emerge from the water, thus helping to remove pollutants from aqueous systems. Along with

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Mayflies "hatch" (emerge as adults) from spring to autumn, not necessarily in May, in enormous numbers. Some hatches attract tourists.

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Almudi, Isabel; Vizueta, Joel; Wyatt, Christopher D.R.; de Mendoza, Alex; Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Firbas, Panos N.; et al. (2020).

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Mayfly larvae do not survive in polluted aquatic habitats and, thus, have been chosen as bioindicators, markers of water quality in

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Gattolliat, Jean-Luc; Sartori, Michel (2000). "Guloptiloides: an Extraordinary New Carnivorous Genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera)".

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similarly illustrated a mayfly in his 1587 depiction of the fifth day of creation, amongst an assortment of fish and water birds.

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As of 2012, over 3,000 species of mayfly in 42 families and over 400 genera are known worldwide, including about 630 species in

8002: 6629: 5322:"A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America" 3288:) and mosquitoes is made into a cake for eating. Adult mayflies are collected and eaten in many parts of China and Japan. Near 2929: 2907: 2829: 681:"). They are unique among insects in that they moult one more time after acquiring functional wings; this last-but-one winged ( 652:

on the abdomen don't have closing muscles. Uniquely among insects, mayflies possess paired genitalia, with the male having two

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of the legs, or the bases of the maxillae. The abdomen terminates in slender thread-like projections, consisting of a pair of

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of variable lengths, set between or in front of the eyes. The mouthparts are designed for chewing and consist of a flap-like

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Burghause, Frank (1981). "The structure of the double eyes of Baetis and the uniform eyes of Ecdyonurus (Ephemeroptera)".

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in Hungary and Serbia, known as "Tisza blooming", is a tourist attraction. The 2014 hatch of the large black-brown mayfly

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Zoology in Early Modern Culture: Intersections of Science, Theology, Philology, and Political and Religious Education

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longest. Compare our longest life with eternity, and we shall be found almost as short-lived as those little animals.

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of reflected light. They are easily fooled by other polished surfaces which can act as traps for swarming mayflies.

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has a smaller number of genera but a high degree of speciation. Some thirteen families are restricted to a single

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of water bodies. Once they have emerged, large numbers are preyed on by birds, bats and by other insects, such as

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has the shortest adult lifespan of any mayfly: the adult females of the species live for less than five minutes.

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Mayflies have ancestral traits that were probably present in the first flying insects, such as long tails and

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Vance, Sarah A.; Peckarsky, Barbara L. (1997). "The effect of mermithid parasitism on predation of nymphal

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During the weekend of 13–14 June 2015, a large swarm of mayflies caused several vehicular accidents on the

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Ogden, T. H.; Whiting, M. F. (2005). "Phylogeny of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) based on molecular evidence".

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burrows, the filamentous gills act as true accessory respiratory organs and are used in gaseous exchange.

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Regional colloquialisms include fishflies, shadflies, and a slew of other names that aren't fit to print.

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In pre-1950s France, "chute de manne" was obtained by pressing mayflies into cakes and using them as

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in the US was imaged on weather radar; the swarm flew up to 760 m (2,500 feet) above the ground near

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Aquatic Entomology: The Fishermen's and Ecologists' Illustrated Guide to Insects and Their Relatives

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light intensity seems to be an important cue for emergence, but other factors may also be involved.

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Spieth, Herman T. (1940). "Studies on the biology of the Ephemeroptera. II. The nuptial flight".

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their way into the sediment where they spend two or three years before hatching into subimagos.

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The theme of brief life is echoed in the artist Douglas Florian's 1998 poem, "The Mayfly". The

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existence, whence it receives its name, but also because though a quadruped it has wings also.

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featured mayflies in a 2006 branding campaign, telling consumers to "make the most of now".

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The nymphs are eaten by a wide range of predators and form an important part of the aquatic

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Barber-James, Helen M.; Gattolliat, Jean-Luc; Sartori, Michel; Hubbard, Michael D. (2008).

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Sartori, Michel; Brittain, John E. (2014). "Order Ephemeroptera". In Thorp; Rogers (eds.).

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larvae feed on bottom-dwelling mayfly nymphs, as do aquatic beetles, leeches, crayfish and

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The mayfly has come to symbolise the transitoriness and brevity of life. The English poet

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The brief lives of mayfly adults have been noted by naturalists and encyclopaedists since

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from the Eocene of North America (Insecta: Ephemerida = Ephemeroptera: Neoephemeridae)"

4606: 4281: 4257: 4078: 4022: 3187: 3111: 2883: 2817: 2272: 2160: 2110: 1803: 1764: 1698: 1593: 1540: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1414: 1391: 1276: 1148: 1135: 1063:

heavy metals are themselves at risk. Adult female mayflies find water by detecting the

1047: 915: 674: 577: 461: 351: 282: 8620: 4564: 589: 8891: 8633: 8500: 8045: 7893: 7888: 7836: 7813: 7766: 7733: 7728: 7710: 7497: 7489: 6715: 6707: 5829: 5445: 4943: 4919: 4890: 4881: 4392: 3362: 3289: 3074: 3065: 3057: 3003: 2950: 2708: 2671: 2640: 2526: 2465: 2325: 2206: 2041: 1980: 1854: 1749: 1555: 1535: 1500: 1472: 1467: 1452: 1401: 1396: 1284: 1240:, which runs up American East Coast rivers at the same time as many mayflies emerge. 1209: 1205: 1193: 1170: 1051: 1006: 902: 792: 690: 686: 678: 641: 548: 478: 386: 347: 240: 133: 77: 6549: 6431:

Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy

5952: 5453: 5350: 5114: 4927: 4537: 4428: 4208: 3988:

Liegeois, Maud; Sartori, Michel; Schwander, Tanja (2021-03-12). Orive, Maria (ed.).

3779: 3135:, in 2001, as to what two mayflies might discuss during their one day of existence. 756:

Around half of all mayfly species whose reproductive biology has been described are

8432: 8397: 8321: 8091: 7808: 7800: 7761: 7429: 7202: 7179: 7171: 7113: 7068: 6900: 6843: 6672: 4377: 3440: 3370: 3366: 3204: 3183: 3173: 3081:

with that of mayflies, both being known as "Ephemera", things that live for a day:

2834: 2809: 2511: 2257: 1530: 1525: 1495: 1352: 1348: 1303: 989:

adhesion to the legs of waterbirds. The greatest generic diversity is found in the

966: 961: 765: 595: 7971: 6292:"This year's mayfly hatch was so big it showed up on radar and caused a car wreck" 4996:(1954). "The classification of the Ephemeroptera. I. Ephemeroidea: Behningiidae". 8682: 7593: 6350: 4738: 3717:

Thomas, Jessica A.; Trueman, John W. H.; Rambaut, Andrew; Welch, John J. (2013).

1096:, but this species has not been seen since its original collection in the 1800s. 8799: 8755: 8600: 8495: 8326: 8297: 8222: 8192: 8146: 8096: 7916: 7828: 7690: 7605: 7552: 7484: 7416: 7371: 7317: 7218: 7148: 6999: 6937: 6813: 6017: 5409: 5207: 3401: 3232: 3163: 2879: 2340: 1645: 1550: 1440: 1419: 1363: 1309: 1233: 1010: 945: 828: 608: 328: 320: 301: 297: 293: 208: 52: 6566: 6480: 1196:. Mayflies are an ancient group of winged (pterygote) insects. Putative fossil 8272: 8267: 8124: 8039: 7960: 7502: 7226: 7036: 6945: 6929: 6913: 6741: 6533: 6007: 5858: 5342: 5106: 4993: 4974: 4702:

Edmunds Jr., George F. (1972). "Biogeography and Evolution of Ephemeroptera".

4610: 4235: 3961:"Life cycles of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), with special reference to voltinism" 3415: 3408: 3345: 3341: 3208: 3128: 2693: 1197: 1182: 1163: 1120: 1119:, the large blue lake mayfly, which is a native of Australia and is listed as 1093: 1089: 971: 927: 874: 863: 848: 637: 521: 517: 223: 97: 62: 8591: 6488: 6386: 6268: 5993: 5944: 5919:"More than just fish food: ecosystem services provided by freshwater insects" 5884: 5275: 4521: 4173: 4013: 4005: 3703: 1189:, and has been called "the first Ephemeroptera specialist in North America". 8703: 8490: 8106: 7903: 7702: 7668: 7656: 7464: 7308: 7268: 7243: 7096: 7007: 6966: 6953: 6784: 6771: 6732: 6666: 5807: 5783: 5185: 4800: 3735: 3718: 3382: 3330: 3308: 3212: 3078: 3025: 3021: 2984: 1447: 1409: 1335: 1221: 1027: 998: 994: 976: 894: 890: 882: 859: 844: 824: 810: 801: 645: 616: 612: 536: 474: 364: 198: 178: 158: 102: 6541: 6506: 5469:"The Higher Classification of the Ephemeroptera and Its Evolutionary Basis" 5417: 5014:

The Biology of Mayflies with a Systematic Account of North American Species

4445:

Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most Dangerous Creatures

4420: 4369: 4031: 3744: 3296:

mayflies are collected, dried and preserved for use in food preparations.

728:

Mayflies (known locally as shadflies) swarm briefly in enormous numbers in

531:

consists of ten segments, some of which may be obscured by a large pair of

427: 6578: 5689:. Vol. III. Translated by Rackham, H. William Heinemann. p. 507. 5022: 4826:"Insect declines: new alarm over mayfly is 'tip of iceberg', warn experts" 4361: 1009:

live under stones and prefer fast-flowing water; and the relatively large

8664: 8643: 8585: 8387: 8292: 8134: 8129: 7921: 7715: 7512: 7421: 7210: 7080: 6872: 6678: 6295: 5984: 5967: 4312: 4165: 3420: 3077:, known to have been interested in insects, compared the brief life of a 2175: 1615: 1457: 1424: 1340: 1314: 1110: 1055: 1038:, but tolerances vary, and certain species are exceptionally tolerant to 1002: 964:. A study in laboratory simulated streams revealed that the mayfly genus 923: 919: 886: 878: 840: 742: 657: 336: 92: 87: 72: 67: 57: 8548: 7581: 5609:

Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe

4308:

Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Ecology and General Biology

3945: 8382: 8338: 8304: 8282: 8237: 7860: 6851: 5833: 5329: 4529: 3771: 3334: 3315: 3197: 1379: 1359: 1299: 1244: 853: 750: 729: 653: 305: 107: 82: 17: 6605: 5935: 5918: 724: 8760: 8316: 8017: 8006: 7662: 7650: 7188: 7088: 7015: 6921: 6660: 6645: 5091:"Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater" 3404:

may have evolved from larval gills of aquatic insects like mayflies.

3387: 3281: 3124: 1159: 1023: 836: 777: 769: 633: 552: 482: 466: 309: 188: 168: 8747: 8669: 8562: 4856:: an obscure Colorado burrowing mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)" 4513: 4147:"The function of the gills of mayfly nymphs from different habitats" 8708: 8856: 8287: 6267:. Teifi Rivers Invertebrate Monitors. 5 April 2011. Archived from 5040: 3303: 3228: 3176:

describes the use of mayflies for catching trout in his 1653 book

3167: 3142: 1291: 1134: 832: 787: 746: 723: 682: 604: 588: 340: 4977:(1954). "An outline of a reclassification of the Ephemeroptera". 4733:. Developments in Hydrobiology. Vol. 198. pp. 339–350. 3798:

Polarized Light in Animal Vision: Polarization Patterns in Nature

1347:

was sister to all other mayflies. Some existing lineages such as

8331: 7276: 6614: 4469:

Goater, Timothy M.; Goater, Cameron P.; Esch, Gerald W. (2013).

1237: 615:. The hind wings are much smaller than the forewings and may be 544: 540: 450: 8566: 7975: 7857: 7687: 7609: 7396: 6691: 6618: 4395:(2001). "Mermithid nematode infections and drift in the mayfly 1001:. The main families have some general habitat preferences: the 866:, the grazing of mayfly nymphs has a significant impact on the 749:

growth rate is also temperature-dependent, as is the number of

354:

that resemble them. One of the most famous English mayflies is

292:. This order is part of an ancient group of insects termed the 7286: 4952:"A novel diagrammatic representation of the orders of insects" 3337:

but wrecked by strong winds in 1911 before her trial flights.

693:

have sexually mature subimagos and no true adult form at all.

5522:

Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575–1715

1358:

The following traditional classification, with two suborders

1177:

in 1890–1. The taxonomy of the Ephemeroptera was reworked by

385:

to suggest a link between heaven and earth. The English poet

8695: 4305:

Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher (6 September 2014).

4114:"Return of the mayfly: an indicator of an improving habitat" 1373: 4413:

10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1225:MNIADI]2.0.CO;2

4048:

Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology

2816:("On the Mayfly"), the earliest book written on the group. 1351:, and families such as Ameletopsidae, were found not to be 1043: 6434:(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. p. 106. 870:, the plants and algae, on the bed of streams and rivers. 6073:

The Complete Angler or The Contemplative Man's Recreation

4472:

Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites

1185:, starting in 1954. Traver contributed to the 1935 work 5655:

Medical and Biological Terminologies: Classical Origins

5011:

Needham, James G.; Traver, Jay R; Hsu, Yin-chi (1935).

1220:"short-lived" (literally "lasting a day", cf. English " 611:. At rest, the wings are held upright, like those of a 7229:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions) 5966:

Wennemann, L.; Sipos, P.; Wright, L. C. (2004-04-01).

4998:

Annual Review of the Entomological Sociwety of America

4979:

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington

3518:"Canadian soldiers invade Rocky River (photo gallery)" 3064:

Myriads of May-flies appear for the first time on the

6133:

Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream and Kindred Studies

4578:

Merritt, Richard W.; Wallace, J. Bruce (April 1981).

1034:. In general, mayflies are particularly sensitive to 715:, while their digestive systems are filled with air. 632:

cylindrical, with ten segments and two or three long

308:

of mayfly are known worldwide, grouped into over 400

5149: 5147: 5145: 851:

and other small insect larvae and nymphs. Nymphs of

281:, and as up-winged flies in the United Kingdom) are 8575: 8516: 8458: 8410: 8361: 8246: 8185: 8157: 8115: 8084: 8027: 8013: 7902: 7871: 7799: 7778: 7742: 7701: 7299: 7257: 7242: 7201: 7170: 7161: 7112: 7066: 7035: 6998: 6965: 6898: 6871: 6842: 6821: 6812: 6783: 6740: 6706: 6317:"Why mayflies swarmed Columbia-Wrightsville bridge" 4502:

Journal of the North American Benthological Society

3682:; McCafferty, W. P. (1988). "The Mayfly Subimago". 3487:Hoell, H. V.; Doyen, J. T.; Purcell, A. H. (1998). 2888:

The Fifth Day: The Creation of the Birds and Fishes

516:consists of three segments – the hindmost two, the 6339:Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera 6181: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5188:. Cited to Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 4077: 3117:Another literary reference to mayflies is seen in 599:with the cylindrical dorsal or turban eyes visible 6402:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 3351:: a torpedo boat launched in January 1907, and a 3090:Which take their rise from grubs obscene that lie 3060:described in the entry for "June 10th, 1771" how 4793:Di Giulio, Richard T.; Hinton, David E. (2008). 4555:. Lake Erie Trophic Status Collaborative Study. 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3086:In shoals the hours their constant numbers bring 3010:described the mayfly as the "hemerobius" in his 5735:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne 5717:: CS1 maint: numeric names: translators list ( 5041:"Eatonia [Jay R Traver Obituary Issue]" 4201:10.1076/0165-0424(200004)22:2;1-p;ft148 3083: 3062: 3053:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne 3043: 3018: 2995: 1298:(Leptophlebiidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of 535:gills, a thoracic shield (expanded part of the 6183:"Hampshire Pub Guide: The Mayfly in Fullerton" 5835:The Village and the Newspaper by George Crabbe 5476:Annals of the Entomological Society of America 5467:McCafferty, W. P.; Edmunds, George F. (1979). 4929:Guides for Science-Teaching, No. VIII. Insecta 4905:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T40728A21425993.en 4850:Edmunds, G. F. Jr.; McCafferty, W. P. (1984). 4247: 4245: 4119:. Pennsylvania Sea Grant. 2003. Archived from 3871:Flannagan, John F.; Marshall, K. Eric (2012). 3390:, which has applications in these industries. 1355:, through convergence among nymphal features. 1107:International Union for Conservation of Nature 7987: 7621: 6630: 5968:"The Mayfly Monument and the Moth of Freedom" 5917:Macadam, Craig R.; Stockan, Jenni A. (2015). 4274:Hauer, F. Richard; Lamberti, Gary A. (2011). 3934:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 8: 3840:Lancaster, Jill; Downes, Barbara J. (2013). 3835: 3833: 3791: 3789: 3489:Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity 3393:Research on genome expression in the mayfly 3088:Like insects waking to th' advancing spring; 2923:Detail of "mayfly" in lower right corner of 1200:representatives (e.g. Syntonopteroidea-like 6116:. Phillip Allan & Co. pp. 132–133. 5582:"The Holy Family with the Mayfly 1495/1496" 5154:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). 4932:. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co. Publishers. 4254:Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates 4076:Berner, Lewis; Pescador, Manuel L. (1988). 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3358:constructed in sections at Yarrow in 1915. 3092:In shallow pools, or thence ascend the sky: 1313:is represented in the fossil record by the 1226: 1214: 1113:of threatened species includes one mayfly: 8563: 8024: 7994: 7980: 7972: 7868: 7854: 7698: 7684: 7628: 7614: 7606: 7404: 7393: 7254: 7167: 7140: 7063: 7059: 6906: 6895: 6891: 6818: 6809: 6805: 6764: 6703: 6699: 6688: 6637: 6623: 6615: 5366:"A new mayfly species of the extant genus 5320:Makarkin, V. N.; Archibald, S. B. (2009). 5058:Bauernfeind, Ernst; Soldan, Tomas (2012). 3815:Insect Morphology and Phylogeny (page 101) 2843: 1013:make burrows in sandy lake or river beds. 118: 38: 27:Aquatic insects of the order Ephemeroptera 7769:(flat-headed mayflies or stream mayflies) 6496: 6236:"Mayfly, Chilbolton, Wherwell, Hampshire" 5983: 5934: 4903: 4021: 3927: 3925: 3734: 3540: 3538: 795:are among the main predators of mayflies. 7358:Four most speciose orders are marked in 6948:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts) 6381:. Hearst Magazines: 773. December 1911. 6041:Hughes, Dave (1999). "Mayfly Emergers". 4269: 4267: 3904:"Chapter 37: Shortest Reproductive Life" 2812:) illustrated some mayflies in his 1634 636:(tail-like appendages) at the tip. Like 379:included a mayfly in his 1495 engraving 360:, the fisherman's "March brown mayfly". 6522:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 5234:"How to Survive a Massive Mayfly Swarm" 3474: 3432: 3096:To die before the next revolving morn. 2852: 1050:are among the most tolerant groups and 656:(penis-like organs) and the female two 539:) or the developing wing pads. In most 350:make use of mayfly hatches by choosing 277:, as Canadian soldiers in the American 8903:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances 8278:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 5738:. Printed for J. and A. Arch. p. 5710: 5707:. Translated by Andrew Preston (1886). 5606:Smith, Pamela; Findlen, Paula (2013). 5061:The Mayflies of Europe (Ephemeroptera) 4824:Carrington, Damian (11 January 2018). 4731:Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment 3482: 3480: 3478: 3094:Such are these base ephemeras, so born 2862:Mayflies drawn by Augerius Clutius in 6404:. Conway Maritime Press. p. 72. 5398:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4632: 4630: 3983: 3981: 3879:Springer Science & Business Media 3796:Horváth, Gábor; Varju, Dezsö (2004). 3545:McCully, C.B. (2000). "March Brown". 3329:"Mayfly" was the crew's nickname for 3037:wrote philosophically of them in his 1208:. The name Ephemeroptera is from the 619:or absent. The second segment of the 273:or fishflies in Canada and the upper 7: 8862:015A1E71-E333-5221-9814-225FF797BA68 8823:be42f74f-d04e-4d24-9a04-e07e098779ab 8735:6b16b801-057b-43ce-8ac4-06db12cfed02 7221:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) 5779:George Crabbe: The Critical Heritage 3102:George Crabbe, "The Newspaper", 1785 327:. Their immature stages are aquatic 6093:The Angling Letters of G.E.M. Skues 4891:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4716:10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.000321 4340:(Ephemeroptera) by invertebrates". 3696:10.1146/annurev.en.33.010188.002453 3333:, an aerial scout airship built by 3314:emerging from her floating shed at 3200:to catch trout for over 500 years. 3150:from Charles and Richard Bowlker's 2827:included a mayfly in his engraving 2686: 2664: 2564: 2557: 2550: 2504: 2443: 2436: 2318: 2296: 2250: 2243: 2221: 2199: 2153: 2019: 1973: 1966: 1944: 1922: 1876: 1869: 1847: 1840: 1818: 1796: 1788: 1742: 1735: 1713: 1691: 1684: 1638: 1630: 1608: 1586: 1579: 6113:A History of Fly Fishing for Trout 6043:Trout Flies – The tier's reference 5753:Kreiger, Georgia (2 August 2012). 5264:Insect Systematics & Evolution 4607:10.1038/scientificamerican0481-132 4391:Williams, J. K.; Townsend, C. R.; 1330:Grimaldi and Engel, reviewing the 1204:) are already known from the late 1088:was originally collected from the 555:, with or without a third central 339:into a sexually mature adult, the 25: 3874:Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology 3439:Clutius is the latinised form of 3207:beside trout streams such as the 3193:Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream 3154:(1854) 2. "Blue Dun" mayfly. 3. " 843:, but in a few species, they are 8547: 7580: 6731: 6577: 6565: 6180:Miller, Wendy (14 August 2009). 6013:Time Flies and Other Short Plays 5446:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00488.x 5039:; Peters, Janice (May 5, 1975). 3636:Ephemeroptera de América Del Sur 3516:Galbincea, Barb (18 June 2014). 3300:As a name for ships and aircraft 2938: 2916: 2895: 2871: 2855: 952:Effects on ecosystem functioning 948:, to jump into water and drown. 823:In most species, the nymphs are 426: 415: 406: 145: 6290:Grenoble, Ryan (23 July 2014). 6194:from the original on 2022-01-12 4956:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 4770:Springer Science+Business Media 4553:Journal of Great Lakes Research 4154:Journal of Experimental Biology 3589:McCafferty, W. Patrick (1983). 2945:"May-Flies in Sunset Dance" by 2930:The Holy Family with the Mayfly 2908:The Holy Family with the Mayfly 2830:The Holy Family with the Mayfly 1290:The oldest mayfly inclusion in 453:along the sides of the abdomen. 382:The Holy Family with the Mayfly 323:that do not fold flat over the 8393:Home-stored product entomology 5129:"CSIRO page for Ephemeroptera" 3284:, kungu, a paste of mayflies ( 3223:The hatch of the giant mayfly 1123:because its alpine habitat is 956:Mayflies are involved in both 707:that reduces the individual's 473:has a tough outer covering of 443:. Bottom: Nymph of the mayfly 1: 8476:Decline in insect populations 8069:List of insect-inspired songs 7151:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) 5364:Sinitshenkova, N. D. (1999). 5232:Mertz, Leslie (1 June 2015). 4674:Encyclopedia of the Antarctic 4565:10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70315-4 4045:Robinson, William H. (2005). 1334:in 2005, commented that many 1169:Ephemeroptera was defined by 776:minute or two resting on the 7099:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs) 6351:10.1007/978-1-4615-1257-8_14 5660:University of Oklahoma Press 5494:The Tree of Life Web Project 4739:10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_37 4646:University of North Carolina 4593:(4): 132–136, 141–142, 144. 3254:Columbia–Wrightsville Bridge 3131:wrote a short comedic play, 1125:vulnerable to climate change 1116:Tasmanophlebia lacuscoerulei 485:(simple eyes) and a pair of 7924:(small squaregill mayflies) 6110:Hills, John Waller (1921). 5410:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.08.008 5212:Online Etymology Dictionary 4884:Tasmanophlebi lacuscoerulei 4704:Annual Review of Entomology 4086:University Press of Florida 3684:Annual Review of Entomology 3633:Domínguez, Eduardo (2006). 3547:The Language of Fly-Fishing 3331:His Majesty's Airship No. 1 2956:Natural History of Selborne 914:Mayfly nymphs may serve as 669:Reproduction and life cycle 331:forms (called "naiads" or " 8924: 8506:Pesticide toxicity to bees 8486:List of endangered insects 7289:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies) 7182:(twisted-winged parasites) 6854:(dragonflies, damselflies) 6481:10.1038/s41467-020-16284-8 6337:. In Dominguez, E. (ed.). 5652:Scarborough, John (1992). 5289:Poinar, G. O. Jr. (1992). 5162:Cambridge University Press 4765:Encyclopedia of Entomology 4762:Capinera, John L. (2008). 4671:Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). 4477:Cambridge University Press 4053:Cambridge University Press 3959:Clifford, Hugh F. (1982). 3270:Wrightsville, Pennsylvania 2949:in a Victorian edition of 48:Late Carboniferous–present 29: 8544: 7946: 7867: 7853: 7697: 7683: 7645: 7574: 7407: 7403: 7392: 7354: 7143: 7062: 6909: 6894: 6808: 6767: 6729: 6702: 6698: 6687: 6655: 6534:10.1007/s10661-009-1025-3 6261:"Europe's largest mayfly" 5683:Pliny the Elder (1947) . 5343:10.11646/zootaxa.2063.1.3 5297:Stanford University Press 5107:10.1007/s10750-007-9028-y 4559:(Supplement 2): 208–222. 4448:. Arrow. pp. 84–86. 4277:Methods in Stream Ecology 4236:10.1080/01650428609361236 4145:Wingfield, C. A. (1939). 3968:Quaestiones Entomologicae 3495:. pp. 320, 345–348. 2808:author Augerius Clutius ( 2706: 2691: 2684: 2669: 2662: 2638: 2614: 2599: 2584: 2569: 2562: 2555: 2548: 2524: 2509: 2502: 2487: 2463: 2448: 2441: 2434: 2338: 2323: 2316: 2301: 2294: 2270: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2226: 2219: 2204: 2197: 2173: 2158: 2151: 2108: 2039: 2024: 2017: 1993: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1949: 1942: 1927: 1920: 1896: 1881: 1874: 1867: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1823: 1816: 1801: 1794: 1786: 1762: 1747: 1740: 1733: 1718: 1711: 1696: 1689: 1682: 1658: 1643: 1636: 1628: 1613: 1606: 1591: 1584: 1339:2005. They recovered the 1175:Jennie Maria Arms Sheldon 1042:contamination and to low 901:and can be useful in the 449:, showing seven pairs of 257: 252: 142:Scientific classification 140: 126: 117: 41: 8471:Colony collapse disorder 8466:Bees and toxic chemicals 7883:(spiny crawler mayflies) 6940:(stick and leaf insects) 6590:Info about Ephemeroptera 6330:Grant, Peter M. (2001). 6214:"The Mayfly, Chilbolton" 6136:(2nd ed.). London: 6080:. pp. 241, 253–262. 5776:Pollard, Arthur (2003). 5550:Enenkel, K.A.E. (2014). 5276:10.1163/187631211X578406 5157:Evolution of the Insects 4796:The Toxicology of Fishes 4580:"Filter-feeding Insects" 3902:Welch, Craig H. (1998). 3215:are named "The Mayfly". 1073:blue-winged olive mayfly 970:increased the export of 352:artificial fishing flies 275:Midwestern United States 136:'s "March brown mayfly" 8373:Insect bites and stings 8350:Drosophila melanogaster 8263:Biological pest control 7790:(prong-gilled mayflies) 7367:are paraphyletic groups 7010:(cockroaches, termites) 6774:(silverfish, firebrats) 6428:; Warlow, Ben (2006) . 5861:. The Poetry Foundation 5732:White, Gilbert (1837). 5701:Marcus Tullius Cicero. 5586:National Gallery of Art 5490:"Ephemoptera: Mayflies" 5378:Paleontological Journal 4401:Journal of Parasitology 4399:spp. (Ephemeroptera)". 4080:The Mayflies of Florida 3848:Oxford University Press 3493:Oxford University Press 1187:The Biology of Mayflies 1005:favour warm water; the 934:for the horsehair worm 677:(they have "incomplete 32:Mayfly (disambiguation) 8438:Rats, Lice and History 6718:(jumping bristletails) 6091:Walker, C. F. (1956). 6070:Walton, Izaak (1875). 5757:. Hippocampus Magazine 5496:. 2002. Archived from 4772:. pp. 4158–4165. 4006:10.1093/jhered/esaa027 3908:Book of Insect Records 3326: 3258:Pennsylvania Route 462 3159: 3109:American Poet Laureate 3105: 3071: 3048: 3031: 3000: 1302:. In the much younger 1227: 1215: 1166: 1141:Mickoleitia longimanus 1131:Taxonomy and phylogeny 908:Rhamphomyia longicauda 796: 733: 600: 460:Immature mayflies are 440:Leptophlebia marginata 375:. The German engraver 296:, which also contains 8844:Paleobiology Database 8423:Alfred Russel Wallace 8208:Entomological warfare 8059:Insects in literature 6461:Nature Communications 6400:Randall, Ian (1997). 6216:. Beer in the Evening 5972:American Entomologist 5923:Ecological Entomology 5810:. The Free Dictionary 5704:Tusculan Disputations 5519:Jorink, Eric (2010). 5434:Systematic Entomology 4898:: e.T40728A21425993. 4442:Zimmer, Carl (2003). 4362:10.1007/s004420050143 4284:. pp. 538, 561. 3912:University of Florida 3736:10.1093/sysbio/sys093 3307: 3225:Palingenia longicauda 3146: 3120:The Epic of Gilgamesh 3039:Tusculan Disputations 1253:Protereisma permianum 1138: 807:Doppler weather radar 791: 727: 592: 543:up to seven pairs of 357:Rhithrogena germanica 129:Rhithrogena germanica 8730:Fauna Europaea (new) 8378:Insect sting allergy 8172:Cicadas in mythology 7831:(burrowing mayflies) 7320:(moths, butterflies) 6586:at Wikimedia Commons 6345:. pp. 107–124. 6156:"March brown mayfly" 6049:. pp. 170–186. 5786:. pp. 409–410. 5614:Taylor & Francis 5164:. pp. 162–165. 4992:Edmunds, G. F. Jr.; 4973:Edmunds, G. F. Jr.; 4679:Taylor & Francis 4166:10.1242/jeb.16.3.363 4126:on 27 September 2007 3599:Jones & Bartlett 3553:. pp. 125–126. 3551:Taylor & Francis 3356:-class river gunboat 3247:La Crosse, Wisconsin 1368:Insects of Australia 1296:Cretoneta zherichini 1202:Lithoneura lameerrei 809:by the shoreline of 30:For other uses, see 8481:Habitat destruction 8233:Insects in religion 6473:2020NatCo..11.2631A 6375:"Popular Mechanics" 6078:Chatto & Windus 5691:(NH Book XI. XLIII) 4599:1981SciAm.244d.132M 4587:Scientific American 4354:1997Oecol.110..147V 4260:. pp. 873–891. 3994:Journal of Heredity 3804:. pp. 238–239. 3601:. pp. 91–123. 3340:Two vessels of the 3238:Hexagenia bilineata 3190:with his 1910 book 3179:The Compleat Angler 2848: 2451:Acanthametropodidae 1032:industrial effluent 940:, which causes its 709:risk of being eaten 700:Baetis intercalaris 660:(sexual openings). 603:Adult mayflies, or 570:its eyes, legs and 493:, a pair of strong 373:classical antiquity 8554:Insects portal 8526:Insects and humans 8054:Arthropods in film 8003:Human interactions 7587:Insects portal 7558:Triadophlebioptera 6595:2009-06-29 at the 6332:"Mayflies as food" 6240:The Good Pub Guide 5985:10.1093/ae/50.2.87 5857:Florian, Douglas. 5641:. p. 490 a–b. 5639:History of Animals 5037:Peters, William L. 4948:Arms, Jennie Maria 4924:Arms, Jennie Maria 4880:Suter, P. (2014). 4863:Entomological News 4642:General Entomology 3843:Aquatic Entomology 3772:10.1007/BF00310318 3723:Systematic Biology 3680:Edmunds, George F. 3643:. pp. 17–24. 3641:Pensoft Publishers 3459:History of Animals 3327: 3160: 2990:History of Animals 2947:Philip Henry Gosse 2844: 1167: 1085:Pentagenia robusta 958:primary production 937:Paragordius varius 932:intermediate hosts 864:gastropod molluscs 797: 734: 601: 279:Great Lakes region 8885: 8884: 8831:Open Tree of Life 8569:Taxon identifiers 8560: 8559: 8449:Insect Literature 8406: 8405: 8305:Carmine/Cochineal 8258:Beneficial insect 8228:Insects in ethics 8177:Scarab (artifact) 8167:Bees in mythology 8076:Insects on stamps 7969: 7968: 7956:William L. Peters 7951:George F. Edmunds 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7930:Prosopistomatidae 7925: 7884: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7832: 7791: 7770: 7719: 7675:Ephemeropteroidea 7603: 7602: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7508:Palaeodictyoptera 7493: 7425: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7321: 7312: 7290: 7280: 7272: 7250: 7238: 7237: 7230: 7222: 7214: 7192: 7183: 7152: 7108: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7084: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7019: 7011: 6990: 6987:Mantophasmatodea 6982: 6971: 6957: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6925: 6917: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6855: 6834: 6823:Ephemeropteroidea 6775: 6727: 6726: 6719: 6610:Purdue University 6582:Media related to 6441:978-1-86176-281-8 6411:978-0-851-77245-5 6379:Popular Mechanics 6360:978-1-4613-5465-9 6056:978-0-8117-1601-7 6027:978-0-8021-3758-6 5936:10.1111/een.12245 5793:978-1-134-78243-7 5669:978-0-8061-3029-3 5623:978-1-135-30035-7 5567:978-90-04-27917-9 5536:978-90-04-18671-2 5306:978-0-8047-2001-4 5171:978-0-521-82149-0 5075:978-90-04-26088-7 4810:978-0-203-64729-5 4779:978-1-4020-6242-1 4748:978-1-4020-8258-0 4688:978-0-415-97024-2 4652:on 9 January 2017 4486:978-1-107-64961-3 4455:978-0-09-945799-2 4338:Baetis bicaudatus 4322:978-0-12-385027-0 4291:978-0-08-054743-5 4099:978-0-8130-0845-5 4062:978-1-139-44347-0 3888:978-1-4613-3066-0 3857:978-0-19-957322-6 3850:. pp. 9–10. 3650:978-954-642-259-0 3608:978-0-86720-017-1 3560:978-1-57958-275-3 3502:978-0-19-510033-4 3452:Mayflies such as 3369:, was titled the 3324:24 September 1911 3320:Barrow-in-Furness 3262:Susquehanna River 3243:Mississippi River 3050:In his 1789 book 3033:The Roman lawyer 2969: 2968: 2791: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2763: 2755: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2728: 2727: 2719: 2718: 2651: 2650: 2627: 2626: 2587:Siphlaenigmatidae 2537: 2536: 2476: 2475: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2413: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2395: 2387: 2386: 2378: 2377: 2369: 2368: 2360: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2283: 2282: 2186: 2185: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2120: 2097: 2096: 2088: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2070: 2069: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2051: 2006: 2005: 1909: 1908: 1775: 1774: 1671: 1670: 1661:Prosopistomatidae 1568: 1567: 1430:Prosopistomatidae 1179:George F. Edmunds 991:Neotropical realm 868:primary producers 718:Dolania americana 705:adaptive strategy 285:belonging to the 264: 263: 248: 227: 219:Ephemeropteroidea 16:(Redirected from 8915: 8878: 8877: 8865: 8864: 8852: 8851: 8839: 8838: 8826: 8825: 8816: 8815: 8803: 8802: 8800:NHMSYS0000841056 8790: 8789: 8777: 8776: 8764: 8763: 8751: 8750: 8738: 8737: 8725: 8724: 8712: 8711: 8699: 8698: 8686: 8685: 8673: 8672: 8660: 8659: 8647: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8624: 8623: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8564: 8552: 8551: 8428:Jean-Henri Fabre 8203:Cricket fighting 8198:Cockroach racing 8064:Insects in music 8025: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7973: 7923: 7882: 7869: 7855: 7830: 7789: 7788:Leptophlebiidae 7780:Leptophlebioidea 7768: 7718:(small mayflies) 7717: 7699: 7685: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7607: 7585: 7584: 7518:Permoplectoptera 7491: 7450:Diaphanopterodea 7423: 7405: 7394: 7319: 7310: 7301:Amphiesmenoptera 7288: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7260: 7255: 7249: 7246: 7228: 7220: 7212: 7190: 7181: 7168: 7164: 7150: 7141: 7098: 7090: 7083:(barklice, lice) 7082: 7074: 7064: 7060: 7017: 7009: 6988: 6980: 6979:Grylloblattodea 6969: 6955: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6892: 6853: 6832: 6819: 6810: 6806: 6773: 6765: 6735: 6717: 6704: 6700: 6689: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6616: 6581: 6570:Data related to 6569: 6554: 6553: 6528:(1–4): 581–594. 6517: 6511: 6510: 6500: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6336: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6271:on 25 March 2016 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6185: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5987: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5938: 5914: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5887:. Poetry Archive 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5716: 5708: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5473: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5374: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5326: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5238:Entomology Today 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5151: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5066:Brill Publishers 5055: 5049: 5048: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4860: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4648:. Archived from 4634: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4609:. Archived from 4584: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4407:(5): 1225–1227. 4388: 4382: 4381: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4271: 4262: 4261: 4256:(4th ed.). 4249: 4240: 4239: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4151: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4083: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4025: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3914:. Archived from 3899: 3893: 3892: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3837: 3828: 3823: 3817: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3630: 3613: 3612: 3586: 3565: 3564: 3542: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3491:(2nd ed.). 3484: 3463: 3450: 3444: 3437: 3377:Other human uses 3325: 3103: 2983:and philosopher 2942: 2920: 2899: 2875: 2859: 2849: 2806:Dutch Golden Age 2795:In human culture 2687: 2665: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2505: 2444: 2437: 2319: 2297: 2251: 2244: 2222: 2200: 2154: 2020: 1974: 1967: 1945: 1923: 1899:Melanemerellidae 1877: 1870: 1848: 1841: 1826:Austremerellidae 1819: 1797: 1792:Ephemerelloidea 1789: 1743: 1736: 1714: 1692: 1685: 1639: 1631: 1609: 1587: 1580: 1513:Leptophlebioidea 1374: 1325:Washington state 1269:Lower Cretaceous 1265:Cretereismatidae 1257:Protereismatidae 1251:(e.g. including 1249:Permoplectoptera 1230: 1224:"), and πτερόν, 1218: 1153:Lower Cretaceous 817:Ephemera vulgata 805:was recorded on 454: 430: 419: 410: 269:(also known as 239: 222: 150: 149: 122: 112: 49: 45:Temporal range: 39: 21: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8908:Aquatic insects 8888: 8887: 8886: 8881: 8873: 8868: 8860: 8855: 8847: 8842: 8834: 8829: 8821: 8819: 8811: 8806: 8798: 8793: 8785: 8780: 8772: 8767: 8759: 8754: 8746: 8741: 8733: 8728: 8720: 8715: 8707: 8702: 8694: 8689: 8681: 8676: 8668: 8663: 8655: 8650: 8642: 8640: 8632: 8627: 8619: 8614: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8571: 8561: 8556: 8546: 8540: 8518: 8512: 8454: 8402: 8364: 8357: 8249: 8242: 8181: 8153: 8111: 8080: 8020: 8015: 8009: 8000: 7970: 7965: 7934: 7898: 7881:Ephemerellidae 7873:Ephemerelloidea 7863: 7841: 7795: 7774: 7738: 7724:Oniscigastridae 7693: 7679: 7641: 7634: 7604: 7599: 7579: 7562: 7528:Protelytroptera 7460:Eudiaphanoptera 7445:Coxoplectoptera 7440:Carbotriplurida 7435:Campylopteridae 7412:Aethiocarenodea 7399: 7380: 7326: 7295: 7271:(scorpionflies) 7258: 7247: 7245: 7234: 7197: 7162: 7157: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7104: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7023: 6994: 6968: 6961: 6956:(angel insects) 6899: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6859: 6838: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6779: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6736: 6723: 6694: 6683: 6651: 6643: 6597:Wayback Machine 6562: 6557: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6442: 6426:Colledge, J. J. 6424: 6423: 6419: 6412: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6361: 6334: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6296:Huffington Post 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6140:. p. 8ff. 6138:A & C Black 6128:Skues, G. E. M. 6126: 6125: 6121: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6097:A & C Black 6090: 6089: 6085: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6047:Stackpole Books 6040: 6039: 6035: 6028: 6006: 6005: 6001: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5916: 5915: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5881:Wilbur, Richard 5879: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5838:. Gutenberg.org 5828: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5794: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5709: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5686:Natural History 5682: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5560:. p. 366. 5549: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5529:. p. 200. 5518: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5500:on 29 June 2009 5488: 5487: 5483: 5471: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5076: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4858: 4854:Ephemera compar 4849: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4803:. p. 794. 4792: 4791: 4787: 4780: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4681:. p. 531. 4670: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4638:"Ephemeroptera" 4636: 4635: 4628: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4582: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4514:10.2307/1467219 4499: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4479:. p. 248. 4468: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4315:. p. 886. 4304: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4251: 4250: 4243: 4224:Aquatic Insects 4221: 4220: 4216: 4189:Aquatic Insects 4186: 4185: 4181: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4055:. p. 192. 4044: 4043: 4039: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3931: 3930: 3923: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3881:. p. 293. 3870: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3795: 3794: 3787: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3632: 3631: 3616: 3609: 3588: 3587: 3568: 3561: 3544: 3543: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3486: 3485: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3396:Cloeon dipterum 3379: 3323: 3302: 3278: 3221: 3141: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3013:Natural History 3008:Pliny the Elder 3006:encyclopaedist 2974: 2959: 2943: 2934: 2921: 2912: 2900: 2891: 2876: 2867: 2860: 2839:Pamela H. Smith 2802: 2797: 2792: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2652: 2628: 2617:Oniscigastridae 2538: 2477: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2284: 2229:Polymitarcyidae 2187: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2098: 2089: 2080: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2007: 1952:Machadorythidae 1910: 1776: 1721:Leptophlebiidae 1672: 1574: 1569: 1546:Polymitarcyidae 1518:Leptophlebiidae 1463:Oniscigastridae 1387:Ephemerelloidea 1320:N. antiqua 1281:Coxoplectoptera 1272:Crato Formation 1156:Crato Formation 1145:Coxoplectoptera 1133: 1099:Ephemera compar 1019: 986: 954: 942:definitive host 786: 758:parthenogenetic 671: 666: 587: 565: 557:caudal filament 501:, a membranous 458: 457: 456: 455: 446:Cloeon dipterum 436: 433: 432: 431: 422: 421: 420: 412: 411: 400: 395: 369:Pliny the Elder 283:aquatic insects 238: 221: 144: 113: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 47: 46: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8921: 8919: 8911: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8890: 8889: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8866: 8853: 8840: 8827: 8817: 8804: 8791: 8778: 8765: 8752: 8739: 8726: 8717:Fauna Europaea 8713: 8700: 8687: 8674: 8661: 8648: 8638: 8625: 8612: 8597: 8581: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8558: 8557: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8445:Lafcadio Hearn 8442: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8418:Jan Swammerdam 8414: 8412: 8408: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8344:Model organism 8341: 8336: 8335: 8334: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8265: 8260: 8254: 8252: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8218:Insect farming 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8163: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8121: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8102:Artificial fly 8099: 8094: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8050: 8049: 8042: 8035:Insects in art 8031: 8029: 8022: 8011: 8010: 8001: 7999: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7976: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7919: 7914: 7912:Neoephemeridae 7908: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7877: 7875: 7865: 7864: 7858: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7826: 7824:Polymitarcydae 7821: 7819:Euthyplociidae 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7784: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7767:Heptageniidae 7764: 7759: 7757:Oligoneuriidae 7754: 7752:Coloburiscidae 7748: 7746: 7744:Heptagenioidea 7740: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7713: 7707: 7705: 7695: 7694: 7688: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7610: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7543:Protozygoptera 7540: 7538:Protorthoptera 7535: 7533:Protephemerida 7530: 7525: 7523:Protanisoptera 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7492:(griffinflies) 7490:Meganisoptera 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7470:Glosselytrodea 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7368: 7362: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7324: 7314: 7305: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7283: 7263: 7261: 7252: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7211:Raphidioptera 7207: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7185: 7176: 7174: 7165: 7163:Neuropteroidea 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7144: 7138: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7077: 7075: 7057: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7013: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6984: 6981:(ice-crawlers) 6975: 6973: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6927: 6919: 6910: 6904: 6889: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6848: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831:Ephemeroptera 6827: 6825: 6816: 6803: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6768: 6762: 6738: 6737: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716:Archaeognatha 6712: 6710: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6663: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6606:Mayfly Central 6603: 6587: 6575: 6574:at Wikispecies 6561: 6560:External links 6558: 6556: 6555: 6512: 6447: 6440: 6417: 6410: 6392: 6366: 6359: 6322: 6308: 6282: 6252: 6227: 6205: 6172: 6147: 6119: 6102: 6083: 6062: 6055: 6033: 6026: 5999: 5958: 5898: 5872: 5849: 5832:(March 2004). 5830:Crabbe, George 5821: 5799: 5792: 5768: 5745: 5724: 5693: 5675: 5668: 5662:. p. 91. 5644: 5629: 5622: 5616:. p. 31. 5598: 5573: 5566: 5542: 5535: 5511: 5481: 5459: 5440:(4): 616–634. 5423: 5404:(3): 625–643. 5388: 5356: 5312: 5305: 5299:. p. 97. 5281: 5270:(2): 101–138. 5253: 5224: 5199: 5177: 5170: 5141: 5120: 5081: 5074: 5068:. p. 35. 5050: 5028: 5003: 4984: 4981:(56): 236–240. 4965: 4944:Hyatt, Alpheus 4935: 4920:Hyatt, Alpheus 4911: 4872: 4842: 4816: 4809: 4785: 4778: 4754: 4747: 4721: 4694: 4687: 4663: 4626: 4570: 4543: 4492: 4485: 4461: 4454: 4434: 4393:Poulin, Robert 4383: 4348:(1): 147–152. 4328: 4321: 4297: 4290: 4282:Academic Press 4263: 4258:Academic Press 4241: 4214: 4195:(2): 148–159. 4179: 4160:(3): 363–373. 4137: 4105: 4098: 4068: 4061: 4037: 3977: 3951: 3940:(4): 379–390. 3921: 3918:on 2015-07-30. 3894: 3887: 3863: 3856: 3829: 3818: 3807: 3785: 3750: 3729:(2): 285–297. 3709: 3690:(1): 509–527. 3671: 3666:Britannica.com 3656: 3649: 3614: 3607: 3566: 3559: 3534: 3508: 3501: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3445: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3414:In marketing, 3378: 3375: 3301: 3298: 3277: 3274: 3220: 3219:As a spectacle 3217: 3188:G. E. M. Skues 3186:of England by 3152:Art of Angling 3140: 3139:In fly fishing 3137: 3112:Richard Wilbur 3099: 3084: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2944: 2937: 2935: 2925:Albrecht Dürer 2922: 2915: 2913: 2903:Albrecht Dürer 2901: 2894: 2892: 2886:, detail from 2884:Maerten de Vos 2877: 2870: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2833:. The critics 2825:Albrecht Dürer 2818:Maerten de Vos 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602:Dipteromimidae 2598: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2273:Euthyplociidae 2269: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2161:Neoephemeridae 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2111:Ephemerellidae 2107: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1996:Dicercomyzidae 1992: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930:Ephemerythidae 1926: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1884:Teloganellidae 1880: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1804:Vietnamellidae 1800: 1795: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765:Oligoneuriidae 1761: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699:Coloburiscidae 1695: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1594:Siphluriscidae 1590: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1541:Euthyplociidae 1538: 1533: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1491:Oligoneuriidae 1488: 1486:Coloburiscidae 1481:Heptagenioidea 1477: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1415:Neoephemeridae 1406: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1392:Ephemerellidae 1372: 1277:Mickoleitiidae 1149:Mickoleitiidae 1132: 1129: 1061:bioaccumulated 1048:Ephemerellidae 1018: 1015: 985: 982: 953: 950: 785: 782: 675:hemimetabolous 670: 667: 665: 662: 586: 583: 578:Ephoron leukon 564: 561: 435: 434: 425: 424: 423: 414: 413: 405: 404: 403: 402: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 377:Albrecht Dürer 262: 261: 255: 254: 250: 249: 233: 229: 228: 216: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 138: 137: 124: 123: 115: 114: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 50: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8920: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8876: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8783: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8639: 8635: 8634:Ephemeroptera 8630: 8626: 8622: 8621:Ephemeroptera 8617: 8613: 8608: 8607:Ephemeroptera 8602: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8577:Ephemeroptera 8574: 8570: 8565: 8555: 8550: 8543: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8515: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8501:Neonicotinoid 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8457: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8360: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186:Other aspects 8184: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8046:Musca depicta 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8019: 8012: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7895: 7894:Tricorythidae 7892: 7890: 7889:Leptohyphidae 7887: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7852: 7838: 7837:Palingeniidae 7835: 7833: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7814:Potamanthidae 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7734:Ametropodidae 7732: 7730: 7729:Ameletopsidae 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7712: 7711:Siphlonuridae 7709: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7644: 7639: 7638:Ephemeroptera 7631: 7626: 7624: 7619: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7573: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7498:Megasecoptera 7496: 7494: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7391: 7377: 7375: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7323: 7322: 7315: 7313: 7311:(caddisflies) 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7281: 7277:Siphonaptera 7274: 7273: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248:(Mecopterida) 7241: 7231: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7184: 7180:Strepsiptera 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7111: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7089:Thysanoptera 7087: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7034: 7020: 7014: 7012: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6932:(webspinners) 6928: 6926: 6920: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6870: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6739: 6734: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6686: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6640: 6635: 6633: 6628: 6626: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6584:Ephemeroptera 6580: 6576: 6573: 6572:Ephemeroptera 6568: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6513: 6508: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6448: 6443: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6393: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6323: 6319:. 2015-06-15. 6318: 6312: 6309: 6297: 6293: 6286: 6283: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6253: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6215: 6209: 6206: 6193: 6189: 6188:The Telegraph 6184: 6176: 6173: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6106: 6103: 6098: 6094: 6087: 6084: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6066: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5860: 5853: 5850: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5772: 5769: 5756: 5749: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5728: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5697: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5679: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5633: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5602: 5599: 5587: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5515: 5512: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5389: 5385:(4): 403–405. 5384: 5380: 5379: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5357: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5323: 5316: 5313: 5308: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5292:Life in Amber 5285: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5225: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5095:Hydrobiologia 5092: 5085: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5054: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5007: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4985: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4966: 4962:(177): 11–13. 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4855: 4846: 4843: 4831: 4827: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4667: 4664: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4616:on 2010-06-12 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4508:(2): 92–104. 4507: 4503: 4496: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4465: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4301: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4101: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4072: 4069: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4041: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760:Zoomorphology 3754: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3657: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3523: 3522:cleveland.com 3519: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3441:Outgert Cluyt 3436: 3433: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3411:assessments. 3410: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3391: 3389: 3384: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3367:Lillian Bland 3364: 3363:Seddon Mayfly 3359: 3357: 3355: 3350: 3349: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3290:Lake Victoria 3287: 3283: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3205:public houses 3203:Some English 3201: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3184:chalk streams 3181: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148:Fishing flies 3145: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3097: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3075:George Crabbe 3070: 3067: 3061: 3059: 3058:Gilbert White 3055: 3054: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3004:Ancient Roman 2999: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2987:wrote in his 2986: 2982: 2979: 2978:Ancient Greek 2972:In literature 2971: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2951:Gilbert White 2948: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2927:'s engraving 2926: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2905:'s engraving 2904: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2846:Mayfly in art 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2810:Outgert Cluyt 2807: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2786: 2778: 2777: 2769: 2768: 2760: 2759: 2751: 2750: 2742: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2724: 2723: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2709:Siphlonuridae 2704: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672:Nesameletidae 2667: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2641:Ameletopsidae 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572:Rallidentidae 2567: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527:Heptageniidae 2522: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2472: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466:Ametropodidae 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2382: 2374: 2373: 2365: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326:Palingeniidae 2321: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2304:Ichthybotidae 2299: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2207:Potamanthidae 2202: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2126: 2125: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2083: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2042:Leptohyphidae 2037: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981:Tricorythidae 1976: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1855:Teloganodidae 1850: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1750:Chromarcyidae 1745: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1556:Palingeniidae 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Potamanthidae 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1501:Heptageniidae 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:Ametropodidae 1471: 1469: 1468:Ameletopsidae 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1453:Siphlonuridae 1451: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:Tricorythidae 1400: 1398: 1397:Leptohyphidae 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:Misthodotidae 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1211: 1207: 1206:Carboniferous 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:North America 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:Alpheus Hyatt 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1139:Fossil adult 1137: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1052:Siphlonuridae 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036:acidification 1033: 1029: 1025: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1007:Heptageniidae 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 983: 981: 979: 978: 973: 969: 968: 963: 959: 951: 949: 947: 943: 939: 938: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 912: 910: 909: 904: 903:biomonitoring 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 856: 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 831:, feeding on 830: 826: 821: 819: 818: 812: 808: 804: 803: 794: 793:Rainbow trout 790: 783: 781: 779: 773: 771: 767: 761: 759: 754: 752: 748: 744: 738: 731: 726: 722: 720: 719: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701: 694: 692: 691:Palingeniidae 688: 687:fishing flies 684: 680: 679:metamorphosis 676: 673:Mayflies are 668: 663: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642:Archaeognatha 639: 635: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 598: 597: 591: 584: 582: 580: 579: 573: 567: 562: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:compound eyes 476: 472: 468: 463: 452: 448: 447: 442: 441: 429: 418: 409: 397: 392: 390: 388: 387:George Crabbe 384: 383: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 358: 353: 349: 348:Fly fishermen 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 311: 307: 304:. Over 3,000 303: 299: 295: 291: 290:Ephemeroptera 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 260: 256: 251: 246: 242: 237: 236:Ephemeroptera 234: 231: 230: 225: 220: 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 148: 143: 139: 135: 134:fly fisherman 131: 130: 125: 121: 116: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 40: 37: 33: 19: 8576: 8531:Insecticides 8448: 8436: 8433:Hans Zinsser 8398:Clothes moth 8348: 8159:In mythology 8092:Fishing bait 8044: 7829:Ephemeridae 7809:Behningiidae 7801:Ephemeroidea 7762:Isonychiidae 7674: 7673:Superorder: 7637: 7592: 7578: 7548:Syntonoptera 7430:Caloneurodea 7422:Blattoptera 7373: 7364: 7359: 7318:Lepidoptera 7316: 7309:Trichoptera 7285: 7267: 7219:Megaloptera 7213:(snakeflies) 7203:Neuropterida 7187: 7172:Coleopterida 7149:Hymenoptera 7147: 7069:Paraneoptera 7067: 6989:(gladiators) 6938:Phasmatodea 6916:(stoneflies) 6901:Polyneoptera 6844:Odonatoptera 6830: 6822: 6708:Monocondylia 6673:Pancrustacea 6671:(unranked): 6601:Tree of Life 6525: 6521: 6515: 6464: 6460: 6450: 6429: 6420: 6401: 6395: 6378: 6369: 6338: 6325: 6311: 6299:. Retrieved 6285: 6273:. Retrieved 6269:the original 6264: 6255: 6243:. Retrieved 6230: 6218:. Retrieved 6208: 6196:. Retrieved 6187: 6175: 6163:. Retrieved 6159: 6150: 6141: 6132: 6122: 6112: 6105: 6092: 6086: 6072: 6065: 6042: 6036: 6012: 6002: 5978:(2): 87–89. 5975: 5971: 5961: 5926: 5922: 5889:. Retrieved 5875: 5863:. Retrieved 5859:"The Mayfly" 5852: 5840:. Retrieved 5834: 5824: 5812:. Retrieved 5802: 5778: 5771: 5759:. Retrieved 5748: 5734: 5727: 5703: 5696: 5685: 5678: 5654: 5647: 5638: 5632: 5608: 5601: 5589:. Retrieved 5576: 5552: 5545: 5521: 5514: 5502:. Retrieved 5498:the original 5493: 5484: 5475: 5462: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5382: 5376: 5367: 5359: 5334: 5328: 5315: 5291: 5284: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5248: 5241:. Retrieved 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5202: 5190:. Retrieved 5180: 5156: 5132:. Retrieved 5123: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5060: 5053: 5044: 5031: 5013: 5006: 5000:(52): 43–51. 4997: 4994:Traver, J. R 4987: 4978: 4975:Traver, J. R 4968: 4959: 4955: 4938: 4928: 4914: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4875: 4866: 4862: 4853: 4845: 4833:. Retrieved 4830:The Guardian 4829: 4819: 4795: 4788: 4764: 4757: 4730: 4724: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4673: 4666: 4654:. Retrieved 4650:the original 4641: 4618:. Retrieved 4611:the original 4590: 4586: 4573: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4471: 4464: 4444: 4437: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4307: 4300: 4276: 4253: 4230:(2): 83–89. 4227: 4223: 4217: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4157: 4153: 4140: 4128:. Retrieved 4121:the original 4108: 4079: 4071: 4047: 4040: 4000:(1): 45–57. 3997: 3993: 3971: 3967: 3954: 3937: 3933: 3916:the original 3907: 3897: 3873: 3866: 3842: 3821: 3810: 3797: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3687: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3664:"Subimago". 3659: 3635: 3594: 3546: 3525:. Retrieved 3521: 3511: 3488: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3443:(1578–1636). 3435: 3413: 3406: 3394: 3392: 3380: 3371:Bland Mayfly 3360: 3353: 3347: 3339: 3328: 3311: 3293: 3286:Caenis kungu 3285: 3279: 3251: 3236: 3233:Maros Rivers 3224: 3222: 3202: 3191: 3177: 3174:Izaak Walton 3172: 3161: 3151: 3132: 3118: 3116: 3106: 3085: 3072: 3063: 3051: 3049: 3044: 3032: 3019: 3011: 3001: 2996: 2988: 2975: 2954: 2928: 2906: 2887: 2864:De Hemerobio 2863: 2845: 2835:Larry Silver 2828: 2822: 2814:De Hemerobio 2813: 2803: 2707: 2692: 2670: 2639: 2615: 2600: 2585: 2570: 2525: 2512:Isonychiidae 2510: 2490:Metropodidae 2488: 2464: 2449: 2339: 2324: 2302: 2271: 2258:Behningiidae 2256: 2227: 2205: 2174: 2159: 2109: 2040: 2027:Coryphoridae 2025: 1994: 1979: 1950: 1928: 1897: 1882: 1853: 1824: 1802: 1763: 1748: 1719: 1697: 1659: 1644: 1614: 1592: 1575: 1562: 1531:Behningiidae 1526:Ephemeroidea 1524:Superfamily 1511:Superfamily 1496:Isonychiidae 1479:Superfamily 1446:Superfamily 1438: 1408:Superfamily 1385:Superfamily 1377: 1367: 1357: 1353:monophyletic 1349:Ephemeroidea 1345:Siphluriscus 1344: 1329: 1318: 1308: 1304:Baltic amber 1295: 1289: 1252: 1242: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1191: 1186: 1183:Jay R Traver 1168: 1140: 1114: 1104: 1097: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1065:polarization 1020: 1017:Conservation 993:, while the 987: 984:Distribution 975: 967:Centroptilum 965: 962:bioturbation 955: 935: 913: 906: 872: 852: 829:detritivores 822: 815: 800: 798: 774: 766:Tisza mayfly 762: 755: 739: 735: 716: 698: 695: 672: 628: 624: 602: 596:Atalophlebia 594: 576: 568: 566: 526: 511: 497:, a pair of 459: 444: 438: 380: 362: 355: 345: 318: 289: 270: 266: 265: 258: 235: 218: 215:Superorder: 127: 36: 8756:iNaturalist 8601:Wikispecies 8517:Categories, 8496:Insecticide 8327:Sericulture 8298:Royal jelly 8223:Flea circus 8213:Entomophagy 8147:Cantharidin 8142:Spanish fly 8117:In medicine 8097:Fly fishing 8028:In the arts 7917:Baetiscidae 7691:Schistonota 7594:Wikispecies 7553:Titanoptera 7485:Lapeyriidae 7480:Hypoperlida 7455:Eoblattodea 7424:(roachoids) 7417:Archodonata 7259:Antliophora 7227:Neuroptera 7189:Coleoptera 7000:Dictyoptera 6970:(Xenonomia) 6946:Orthoptera 6930:Embioptera 6922:Dermaptera 6914:Plecoptera 6814:Palaeoptera 6677:Subphylum: 6467:(1): 2631. 6160:Buglife.org 6018:Grove Press 6008:Ives, David 5929:: 113–123. 5637:Aristotle. 5478:(72): 5–12. 5368:Neoephemera 5208:"Shad (n.)" 5101:: 339–350. 4397:Deleatidium 3402:insect wing 3344:were named 3260:across the 3256:, carrying 3164:fly fishing 3156:March Brown 3029:hemerobius. 2880:Jan Sadeler 2341:Ephemeridae 1646:Baetiscidae 1551:Ephemeridae 1441:Schistonota 1420:Baetiscidae 1364:Schistonota 1310:Neoephemera 1151:) from the 1040:heavy metal 1011:Ephemeridae 946:grasshopper 862:larvae and 503:hypopharynx 393:Description 329:fresh water 302:damselflies 298:dragonflies 294:Palaeoptera 209:Palaeoptera 8892:Categories 8536:Pesticides 8273:Bee pollen 8268:Beekeeping 8250:entomology 8193:Biomimicry 8125:Apitherapy 8085:In fishing 8040:Beetlewing 8021:in culture 7961:Jay Traver 7667:Subclass: 7657:Arthropoda 7503:Miomoptera 7269:Mecoptera 7097:Hemiptera 7018:(mantises) 7008:Blattodea 6954:Zoraptera 6833:(mayflies) 6772:Zygentoma 6667:Arthropoda 6608:hosted by 6275:10 January 5885:"Mayflies" 5808:"Ephemera" 4869:: 186–188. 4835:11 January 4620:2017-01-08 4088:. p. 3591:"Mayflies" 3527:11 October 3470:References 3409:ecological 3342:Royal Navy 3318:' yard at 3209:River Test 3133:Time Flies 3129:David Ives 2878:Mayfly by 2694:Ameletidae 2149:Caenoidea 1634:Carapacea 1287:forelegs. 1212:ἐφήμερος, 1198:stem group 1121:endangered 1094:Cincinnati 1090:Ohio River 1028:pesticides 972:periphyton 928:trematodes 895:amphibians 875:food chain 849:chironomid 825:herbivores 713:mouthparts 638:Entognatha 533:operculate 522:metathorax 518:mesothorax 253:Suborders 224:Rohdendorf 205:Division: 195:Subclass: 179:Arthropoda 8519:templates 8491:Pesticide 8107:Fly tying 7922:Caenidae 7904:Caenoidea 7859:Suborder 7716:Baetidae 7703:Baetoidea 7689:Suborder 7669:Pterygota 7649:Kingdom: 7475:Heraridea 7465:Geroptera 7370:Based on 7244:Panorpida 7191:(beetles) 7081:Psocodea 7016:Mantodea 6967:Notoptera 6924:(earwigs) 6659:Kingdom: 6489:2041-1723 6387:0032-4558 5994:1046-2821 5945:1365-2311 5784:Routledge 5713:cite book 5337:: 55–63. 4801:CRC Press 4710:: 21–42. 4522:0887-3593 4342:Oecologia 4174:1477-9145 4014:0022-1503 3766:: 17–34. 3704:0066-4170 3454:Hexagenia 3383:bird food 3346:HMS 3309:HMA No. 1 3213:Hampshire 3079:newspaper 3066:Alresford 3026:Black Sea 3022:River Bug 2985:Aristotle 2981:biologist 2890:, c. 1587 1572:Phylogeny 1448:Baetoidea 1439:Suborder 1410:Caenoidea 1378:Suborder 1336:cladistic 1332:phylogeny 1285:raptorial 1267:from the 1243:From the 1222:ephemeral 1216:ephemeros 1162:, c. 108 999:bioregion 995:Holarctic 977:Isonychia 924:nematodes 920:parasites 899:pollution 891:dragonfly 883:caddisfly 860:caddisfly 845:predators 811:Lake Erie 802:Hexagenia 770:burrowing 658:gonopores 650:spiracles 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