114:
102:
126:
137:
149:
445:. The prisoners massed against the fence, pushed it over, and were tear-gassed. No food, water, or sanitary facilities were made available by authorities, but sympathetic local residents brought supplies. Skirmishes between protesters and police occurred up until about midday. In Georgetown, the police herded the protesters and onlookers through the streets to the
457:
over the gate each time they pushed the crowd back. Other forms of gas were used, including pepper based and one that induced vomiting. Police helicopters also dropped tear gas on the university's lower athletic field, where protesters had camped the night before. Numerous people were injured and
437:. They detained anyone who looked like a demonstrator. By 8 am. thousands of people had been arrested, including many who had not been breaking any law. The city's prisons did not have the capacity to handle that many people; thus several emergency detention centers were set up, including the
506:
pursued a class action suit on behalf of thousands of detained protesters and ultimately the federal courts, recognizing the illegal nature of the arrests, ordered the government to pay a settlement to those arrested, making them some of the only citizens in US history to receive financial
529:
director at the time, said, "It was obviously viewed by everybody in the administration, particularly with all the arrests and the howling about civil rights and human rights and all the rest of it...as a very damaging kind of event. I don't think there was any doubt about that."
327:, dressed in riot gear, raided the encampment. The police gave the campers until noon to clear out. Some protesters abandoned the demonstration and left the city. The remaining protesters, estimated at 12,000, regrouped at various churches and college campuses in the area.
281:
and others among the more militant members of the anti-war movement. It was decided that small groups of protesters would block major intersections and bridges in the capital under the slogan, "If the government won't stop the war, we'll stop the government."
386:, they would stop the government and told troops, many of whom were of similar age, that their goal was to prevent the troops from being sent to Vietnam. While the troops were in place and thousands held in reserve, the police clashed with members of the
375:, and federal agents that were already in place. Every monument, park, and traffic circle in the nation's capital had troops protecting its perimeters. Paratroopers and Marines deployed via helicopter to the grounds of the
1212:
998:
368:
324:
250:
223:
118:
39:
1396:
1125:
402:, refused to give Federal workers the day off, forcing them to navigate through police lines and May Day tribe roadblocks. The presidential response was managed by White House Counsel
544:
1513:
433:
While the troops secured the major intersections and bridges, the police abandoned their usual arrest procedures, roaming through the city making sweep arrests and using
253:
leaders had come to believe that tactics of mass marches that had been used during the past six years would not end the war and that more aggressive actions were needed.
467:
1528:
1518:
813:
502:. The charges were eventually dismissed. Out of the 12,000 demonstrators arrested, most were released without charges. Only 79 were ultimately convicted. The
1508:
1171:
648:
1366:
539:
262:
700:
1503:
781:
343:. Over the weekend, while protesters listened to music, planned their actions, or slept, 10,000 federal troops were moved to various locations in the
1006:
1114:
989:
794:
1538:
1254:
958:
937:
918:
850:
823:
737:
617:
601:
574:
1238:
1185:
390:. The protesters engaged in hit-and-run tactics throughout the city, trying to disrupt traffic and cause chaos in the streets. President
230:. The protests began on Monday morning, May 3 and ended on May 5. In all, more than 12,000 people were arrested, in what was the largest
757:
487:
141:
1426:
1391:
1155:
1082:
1061:
415:
367:. Troops from the Marine Barracks lined both sides of the 14th St bridge. These troops were to back up the 5,100 officers of the D.C.
591:
1498:
1411:
1431:
1033:
490:
filed conspiracy charges against May Day leader Rennie Davis, as well as against two other activists who had been members of the
1543:
348:
241:
would come to view the events as damaging because the government's response was perceived as violating citizens' civil rights.
1228:
1190:
503:
1472:
474:
had deployed machine gun nests. On
Wednesday, May 5, 1,200 more people were arrested at a legal rally on the steps of the
1300:
1120:
458:
treated by volunteers on campus. By afternoon the police had suppressed the protest and held more than 7,000 prisoners.
344:
1457:
1356:
1177:
526:
450:
364:
238:
1401:
1144:
982:
950:
Mayday 1971: A White House at War, a Revolt in the
Streets, and the Untold History of America's Biggest Mass Arrest
566:
Mayday 1971: A White House at War, a Revolt in the
Streets, and the Untold History of America's Biggest Mass Arrest
419:
154:
1523:
1441:
1135:
1056:
411:
106:
399:
449:
campus. The police then engaged in a back-and-forth with the protesters outside the university's main gate on
967:
1376:
1023:
644:
1533:
1274:
423:
352:
274:
130:
1311:
1305:
1284:
1130:
975:
475:
446:
336:
882:
1264:
645:"Page 5 "Vietnam Demonstrations: 1971 Year in Review, United Press International Accessed 2009-04-13"
508:
316:
270:
798:
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1028:
892:
512:
395:
387:
376:
372:
82:
872:
625:
266:
1351:
1038:
516:
471:
347:. At one point, so many soldiers and Marines were being moved into the area from bases along the
215:
1462:
1381:
954:
933:
914:
846:
819:
741:
733:
597:
570:
296:
1467:
1361:
1070:
478:, bringing the total to 12,614 people, making this the largest mass arrest in U.S. history.
427:
320:
219:
58:
1371:
1323:
1195:
1108:
1087:
1074:
868:
621:
258:
1416:
1269:
340:
1487:
1386:
1346:
1279:
1223:
522:
499:
391:
300:
17:
1421:
1233:
1152:
495:
441:
and another one surrounded by an 8-foot-high (2.4 m) fence was set up next to
254:
410:. Most commuters who tried arrived at their jobs, despite being delayed somewhat.
948:
908:
840:
564:
1092:
815:
Vagrant Nation: Police Power, Constitutional Change, and the Making of the 1960s
442:
438:
418:. During the riots, the military accidentally shot a tear gas canister into the
407:
383:
360:
277:
joined them. A group known as the "May Day Tribe" was formed: it was made up of
231:
227:
1066:
466:
On
Tuesday, May 4, another 2,000 people were arrested at a sit-in outside the
304:
351:
that troop transports were landing at the rate of one every three minutes at
491:
403:
745:
1317:
1259:
758:"In 1971, the People Didn't Just March on Washington — They Shut It Down"
454:
434:
356:
684:
Bernstein, Carl (May 3, 1971). "Political
Victory Seen by Protesters".
278:
87:
930:
Battle Green
Vietnam: The 1971 March on Concord, Lexington, and Boston
1218:
382:
Protesters announced that because the government had not stopped the
782:
1971 Year in Review
Archived United Press International 2009-05-05
910:
Direct Action: Protest and the
Reinvention of American Radicalism
903:. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. (www.ucpress.edu)
842:
Direct Action: Protest and the
Reinvention of American Radicalism
971:
795:"THE NIXON YEARS: DOWN FROM THE HIGHEST MOUNTAINTOP - TIME"
339:, a plan it had developed during the 1960s to combat major
1213:
Tinker v. Des Moines
Independent Community School District
999:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
1397:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
701:"May 3, 1971 | Mayday Tribe Holds Antiwar Demonstration"
545:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
363:. Among these troops were 4,000 paratroopers from the
224:
protesting the United States' continuing involvement
27:
Mass civil disobedience protests in Washington, D.C.
1450:
1337:
1293:
1247:
1204:
1164:
1101:
1049:
1016:
1005:
200:
195:
166:
66:
53:
45:
32:
319:secretly canceled the protesters' camping permit.
732:(1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. pp. 60-62.
468:Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
422:during a lunch between the President's daughter
883:Ending a war, inventing a movement: Mayday 1971
1126:April 15, 1967 Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations
669:Mann, Jim (May 3, 1971). "Peace City Exodus".
983:
212:1971 May Day protests against the Vietnam War
8:
1514:Riots and civil disorder in Washington, D.C.
1172:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
569:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. xxiii.
1367:Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee
540:List of protest marches on Washington, D.C.
273:began planning the actions; later in 1970,
1013:
990:
976:
968:
295:More than 40,000 protesters camped out in
29:
639:
637:
635:
426:and her mother-in-law, former First Lady
40:Opposition to U.S. involvement in Vietnam
818:. Oxford University Press. p. 288.
335:The U.S. government had put into effect
263:People's Coalition for Peace and Justice
1115:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
896:, various news articles, May 1–7, 1971.
555:
1255:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
593:Blind Ambition: The White House Years
7:
1529:May 1971 events in the United States
1519:Political riots in the United States
1239:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
1186:Columbia University protests of 1968
932:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
724:
722:
720:
699:Network, The Learning (3 May 2012).
1509:Protest marches in Washington, D.C.
797:. September 3, 2009. Archived from
488:United States Department of Justice
1392:Movement for a Democratic Military
1062:1965 March against the Vietnam War
907:L.A. Kauffman (21 February 2017).
839:L.A. Kauffman (21 February 2017).
507:compensation for violation of the
414:held a rally the following day in
25:
1412:Students for a Democratic Society
947:Lawrence Roberts (28 July 2020).
307:and plan for the coming action.
1504:Protests against the Vietnam War
1432:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
1034:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
147:
135:
124:
112:
100:
1427:United States Servicemen's Fund
651:from the original on 2009-05-03
1229:Weather High School Jailbreaks
1191:Court-martial of Susan Schnall
504:American Civil Liberties Union
325:Washington Metropolitan Police
1:
1473:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth
953:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
359:, about 15 miles east of the
214:were a series of large-scale
1539:20th-century political riots
1301:Winter Soldier Investigation
1121:Court-martial of Howard Levy
624:. 1971-05-10. Archived from
590:Dean, John W. (2016-12-20).
345:Washington metropolitan area
249:By the middle of 1970, many
1458:Counterculture of the 1960s
1357:Concerned Officers Movement
1178:The whole world is watching
527:Central Intelligence Agency
412:Federal Employees for Peace
365:U.S. 82nd Airborne Division
1560:
1402:Pacific Counseling Service
1145:The Ultimate Confrontation
1083:political self-immolations
728:Graff, Garrett M. (2022).
563:Roberts, Lawrence (2020).
1057:Edmonton aircraft bombing
406:, who was present at the
171:
71:
37:
1499:1971 in Washington, D.C.
730:Watergate: A New History
400:San Clemente, California
186:1,500 National Guardsmen
119:D.C. Metropolitan Police
1024:1960s Berkeley protests
899:Barber, Lucy G. (2002)
812:Goluboff, Risa (2016).
420:President's Dining Room
371:, 2,000 members of the
1544:1970s political events
1275:Student strike of 1970
928:Lemire, Elise (2021).
901:Marching on Washington
353:Andrews Air Force Base
131:82nd Airborne Division
1312:Clay v. United States
1306:1971 May Day protests
1285:Sterling Hall bombing
1131:March on the Pentagon
509:constitutional rights
447:Georgetown University
337:Operation Garden Plot
182:12,000 federal troops
33:1971 May Day protests
18:May Day protests 1971
1377:GI's Against Fascism
1265:Kent State shootings
705:The Learning Network
628:on February 3, 2008.
317:Nixon administration
271:War Resisters League
239:Nixon administration
1437:Weather Underground
1407:Stop Our Ship (SOS)
1079:Roger Allen LaPorte
1029:Central Park be-ins
893:The Washington Post
686:The Washington Post
671:The Washington Post
596:. Open Road Media.
439:Washington Coliseum
396:Western White House
377:Washington Monument
373:D.C. National Guard
369:Metropolitan Police
142:U.S. National Guard
1352:Chicano Moratorium
1260:Free The Army tour
1039:Draft-card burning
873:A Memory of Howard
472:United States Army
216:civil disobedience
184:5,100 local police
1481:
1480:
1463:Anti-war movement
1382:G.I. coffeehouses
1333:
1332:
960:978-1-328-76672-4
939:978-0-8122-9795-9
920:978-1-78478-410-2
852:978-1-78478-410-2
825:978-0-19-026226-6
738:978-1-9821-3916-2
618:"Order of Battle"
603:978-1-5040-4100-3
576:978-1-328-76672-4
462:Next several days
394:, who was at the
297:West Potomac Park
251:anti-war movement
234:in U.S. history.
208:
207:
191:
190:
162:
161:
155:U.S. Marine Corps
16:(Redirected from
1551:
1524:May Day protests
1468:Protests of 1968
1362:Donald W. Duncan
1071:Donald W. Duncan
1014:
992:
985:
978:
969:
964:
943:
924:
881:L. A. Kauffman,
857:
856:
836:
830:
829:
809:
803:
802:
791:
785:
779:
773:
772:
770:
769:
754:
748:
726:
715:
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712:
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696:
690:
689:
681:
675:
674:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
641:
630:
629:
614:
608:
607:
587:
581:
580:
560:
428:Mamie Eisenhower
321:U.S. Park Police
220:Washington, D.C.
173:
172:
157:
153:
151:
150:
140:
139:
138:
129:
128:
127:
121:
117:
116:
115:
107:U.S. Park Police
105:
104:
103:
92:Other protesters
73:
72:
59:Washington, D.C.
30:
21:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1446:
1372:Fort Hood Three
1339:
1329:
1324:Pentagon Papers
1289:
1243:
1200:
1196:Presidio mutiny
1160:
1156:self-immolation
1109:Angry Arts week
1097:
1088:Fort Hood Three
1075:Norman Morrison
1045:
1008:
1001:
996:
961:
946:
940:
927:
921:
913:. Verso Books.
906:
869:Daniel Ellsberg
865:
863:Further reading
860:
853:
845:. Verso Books.
838:
837:
833:
826:
811:
810:
806:
793:
792:
788:
780:
776:
767:
765:
756:
755:
751:
727:
718:
709:
707:
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683:
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678:
668:
667:
663:
654:
652:
643:
642:
633:
616:
615:
611:
604:
589:
588:
584:
577:
562:
561:
557:
553:
536:
484:
464:
333:
313:
293:
288:
259:David Dellinger
247:
237:Members of the
187:
185:
183:
178:
177:12,000 - 15,000
158:
148:
146:
145:
144:
136:
134:
133:
125:
123:
122:
113:
111:
110:
109:
101:
99:
95:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Terry Whitmore
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
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1328:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Fort Lewis Six
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
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1168:
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1162:
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1148:
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1128:
1123:
1118:
1111:
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1103:
1099:
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1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
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1043:
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1031:
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1020:
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1011:
1003:
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995:
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987:
980:
972:
966:
965:
959:
944:
938:
925:
919:
904:
897:
889:
879:
864:
861:
859:
858:
851:
831:
824:
804:
801:on 2009-09-03.
786:
774:
749:
716:
691:
676:
661:
631:
609:
602:
582:
575:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
542:
535:
532:
483:
480:
463:
460:
416:Lafayette Park
341:civil disorder
332:
329:
312:
309:
292:
291:Saturday May 1
289:
287:
284:
275:Michael Lerner
246:
243:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
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192:
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188:
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57:
55:
51:
50:
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43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:1971 protests
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
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1471:
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1435:
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1430:
1428:
1425:
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1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Intrepid Four
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Chicago Seven
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:organizations
1336:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Hard Hat Riot
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Chicago Seven
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
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1203:
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1194:
1192:
1189:
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1100:
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1054:
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1040:
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1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
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1022:
1021:
1019:
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1004:
1000:
993:
988:
986:
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979:
974:
973:
970:
962:
956:
952:
951:
945:
941:
935:
931:
926:
922:
916:
912:
911:
905:
902:
898:
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888:
884:
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870:
867:
866:
862:
854:
848:
844:
843:
835:
832:
827:
821:
817:
816:
808:
805:
800:
796:
790:
787:
783:
778:
775:
763:
759:
753:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
725:
723:
721:
717:
706:
702:
695:
692:
687:
680:
677:
672:
665:
662:
650:
646:
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638:
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632:
627:
623:
619:
613:
610:
605:
599:
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594:
586:
583:
578:
572:
568:
567:
559:
556:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
531:
528:
524:
523:Richard Helms
520:
518:
514:
513:free assembly
510:
505:
501:
500:Abbie Hoffman
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