153:
166:
105:
482:
221:
214:
90:
121:
580:, and in that case the solution of the Karabagh issue could have also been different. Yet, instead of doing that, they remorselessly slaughtered the leaders of the May Uprising and threw hundreds of the participant in prisons, unwisely triggering Russia's wrath and hostility, to put things mildly, and imposing a bitter price for it on our homeland.
451:
Soviet Russia and
Azerbaijan at the time. Following the Soviet invasion of Zangezur and the capture and torture of Dashnaks The Communist party of Armenia was banned in Armenia. Armenia's domestic situation deteriorated as the government lost its favour and hope among the people and Allied officials. After three months, the
450:
The leaders of the revolt, including Sargis
Musayelyan and Ghukas Ghukasyan, were initially imprisoned as the Soviet government on 4 June warning that diplomatic relations would be "detrimented" if the "persecution of Communists continued" and the fact that several notable Dashnaks were imprisoned in
552:
The revolt remains a somewhat controversial topic even in post-Soviet
Armenia. According to a study of Armenian school textbooks "the tone of the account remains fairly restrained and neutral, a certain interpretation of the events is not imposed on the students." The use of the term "uprising" in
455:
was signed on
December 3, effectively partitioning Armenia between Turkish and the Soviet rule. A new government in the remainder of independent Armenia then cleared the way for a new government that accomplished the purpose sought in the uprising. The
36:
736:
Underground
Bolshevik organizations worked actively in all parts of the country, preparing the people for a general uprising. In May 1920 the uprising broke out and it has gone down in the history of Armenia as the "May
442:
was appointed commander to suppress the revolt. On May 13 his unit reached
Alexandropol and by the next day the rebels left the city, and the government forces entered the city and established order.
343:
301:
party as the country suffered from deep economic and demographic crises and was at some point, during its two-year existence, at war with three of four neighboring countries (
532:
in central
Yerevan. The statue was blown up in 1990, during the height of the anti-Soviet struggle in Armenia. In 2009, the statue of prominent Armenian astrophysicist
839:
553:
these textbooks, however—as opposed to "rebellion", as with contemporary instances of Muslim unrest—betrays a slight sympathy towards the
Bolsheviks.
564:
Some of the
Dashnak leaders retrospectively confessed that had they handed the power to the Bolsheviks in May, 1920, Armenia would have not lost the regions of
306:
281:
occupied the western half of the country. The revolt and its executed leaders were praised during the Soviet period from 1920 until the late 1980s, when the
1374:
1042:
700:
1302:
407:
1111:
1085:
696:
529:
1043:"'We are a small nation, but': The image of the self, the image of the other, and the image of the enemy in school text books about Armenia"
265:) on May 10, 1920. It was eventually suppressed by the Armenian government on May 14 and its leaders executed. Although the revolt failed,
1379:
928:"A republic had been declared in 1918, and on May 10, 1920, a "Soviet Republic" acclaimed. However, on May 14 the little soviet fell..."
461:
1329:
457:
1242:
819:
791:
766:
667:
639:
109:
384:
1321:
812:
Resistance and
Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations
414:) and proclaimed Armenia a Soviet state in Alexandopol on May 10. The Bolshevik rebels successfully took over Alexandropol,
1349:
1234:
392:
1354:
497:
and Soviet historiography, presented as a "heroic struggle". Several books were written on it. Numerous settlements in
204:
925:
297:
in 1918, the political parties and different factions avoided internal conflicts or rebellions against the dominant
1364:
1262:
595:
481:
317:. The Armenian Communist Party, operating in secrecy, was founded in January 1920 to fight against the "vilifying
310:
294:
278:
266:
193:
95:
61:
1295:
Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia
302:
1369:
1359:
1106:
590:
270:
243:
1258:
20:
1049:
1313:
956:
452:
318:
706:
338:
285:
began and anti-Soviet sentiment rose in Armenia – The revolt remains a controversial topic in Armenia.
533:
1293:
655:
577:
557:
465:
423:
366:
840:"Save Me From Hope That I'll Be Saved: The Birth and Death of the Democratic Republic of Armenia"
727:
435:
321:
and their Dashnakist 'collaborators'." The uprising was mainly carried out by Bolsheviks born in
199:
631:
758:
1325:
1238:
815:
787:
762:
663:
635:
600:
573:
541:
372:
357:
282:
254:
234:
170:
750:
502:
439:
184:
434:
party members. The parliament gave up its rights to the government since Armenia was under
961:
The Republic of Armenia, Vol. IV: Between Crescent and Sickle: Partition and Sovietization
540:(called Leninakan during the Soviet period) was called after the revolt. It is now called
427:
388:
322:
188:
19:
This article is about the 1920 uprising in Armenia. For the 1849 conflict in Germany, see
699:; Poghsosyan, Samvel; Asryan, Armen; Stepanyan, Khachatur; Hovhannisyan, Edgar (2009).
624:
498:
494:
326:
314:
220:
213:
1343:
807:
751:
556:
During a 2010 anti-government rally, Armenia's first president and opposition leader
406:
and its crew under Musayelyan's command joined the Bolshevik rebels who had formed a
349:
334:
274:
157:
337:
was sympathetic to the uprising, following the direction of the mutineering Captain
514:
395:, with the Bolsheviks demonstrating against the government of Armenia in capital
1102:Մայիսյան ապստամբության սովետահայ պատմագրությունը (Ապստամբության 50-ամյակի առթիվ)
510:
391:
staged a revolt in May. The events preceding the revolt started on May 1, 1920,
1231:
Urban Spaces After Socialism: Ethnographies of Public Places in Eurasian Cities
518:
330:
313:). This changed in early 1920, after the advance of Bolshevik forces into the
258:
1206:
419:
129:
126:
536:
was put on its place. The central square of Armenia's second largest city
35:
896:
506:
501:
were named after notable Bolshevik participants of the revolt, including
1266:
521:(after Sargis Musayelian), Mayisyan (after the "May uprising" itself"),
1175:
569:
522:
431:
396:
298:
89:
528:
A statue of Ghukas Ghukasyan was erected in 1935 in the park near the
1078:
1920թ. Մայիսյան ապստամբության հիմնահարցը խորհրդահայ պատմագրության մեջ
537:
486:
262:
132:
1318:
The Republic of Armenia: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920
1259:"Speech by Levon Ter-Petrosyan at the meeting in September 17, 2010"
1199:
814:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 106.
480:
784:
The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
565:
415:
1077:
1201:Վիկտոր Համբարձումյանի արձանը՝ Ղուկաս Ղուկասյանի արձանի տեղում
1101:
1229:
Tsypylma Darieva; Wolfgang Kaschuba; Melanie Krebs (2011).
464:
in 1922. They finally regained their independence upon the
1122:
1120:
940:
938:
936:
934:
753:
The history of Armenia: from the origins to the present
1014:
State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus
705:. Yerevan: VMV-Print. pp. 198–200. Archived from
387:
in late April 1920, the Armenian Bolsheviks headed by
248:
493:
The revolt was extensively criticized and praised in
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
525:(formerly named Ghukasyan after Ghukas Ghukasyan).
623:
617:
615:
460:was declared and became a constituent part of the
505:(formerly named Batikian after Batik Batikian),
485:Monument to the participants of May Uprising in
977:Interventsia I Grazhdanskaja Vojna v Zakavkazje
626:The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus
562:
28:
402:The revolt escalated after the armored train
277:invaded the country in November 1920 and the
8:
1048:. Eckert.Beiträge. p. 8. Archived from
1025:
1000:
988:
883:
871:
859:
702:Հայոց Պատմություն [Armenian History]
662:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 241.
375:') in Alexandropol since February 1919.
325:, as most of the Armenian refugees from the
1036:
1034:
1041:Zolyan, Mikayel; Zakaryan, Tigran (2010).
430:'s leadership. It was entirely made up of
25:
1088:, Yerevan, № 1 . pp. 61-71 ISSN 0320-8117
833:
831:
261:that started in Alexandropol (modern-day
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
944:
757:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p.
426:resigned and a new one was formed under
269:was taken over by the soviets after the
786:. London: Hurst & Co. p. 258.
611:
734:. Foreign Languages Publishing House.
1308:from the original on 6 November 2021.
1233:. Frankfurt am Main: Campus. p.
1112:Armenian National Academy of Sciences
1086:Armenian National Academy of Sciences
697:Armenian State Pedagogical University
7:
1016:(Brill Publishing, 2010) pp. 152-157
838:Scanlan, Chris (December 14, 2011).
630:. Oxford University Press. p.
462:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
548:Republic of Armenia (1991–present)
458:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
14:
1180:(in Armenian). HinYerevan project
422:. On May 5, 1920, the cabinet of
110:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1375:Armenia in the Russian Civil War
660:Historical dictionary of Armenia
219:
212:
164:
151:
119:
103:
88:
34:
1210:(in Armenian). 18 November 2009
1107:Historical-Philological Journal
963:, (Berkeley, 1996), pp. 209-253
509:(after Hovhannes Sarukhanian),
385:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
293:Since the establishment of the
1322:University of California Press
732:Journey Through Soviet Armenia
1:
1292:Kiesling, Brady (June 2000).
1082:Herald of the Social Sciences
517:(after Bagrat Gharibjanyan),
329:were "aloof" or "hostile" to
899:[The May Uprising].
513:(after Nahapet Kurghinian),
1114:, Yerevan, № 2, pp. 197-201
979:(Moscow, 1961), pp. 280-289
249:
40:A drawing by Gevorg Brutyan
1396:
1380:Attempted coups in Armenia
1263:Armenian National Congress
924:, Volumes 21-22, 1933, p.
897:"Մայիսյան ապստամբությունը"
782:Panossian, Razmik (2006).
596:1920 Georgian coup attempt
393:International Workers' Day
18:
1320:. Vol. 3. Berkeley:
749:Payaslian, Simon (2007).
361:
238:
178:
139:Defected government units
80:
62:First Republic of Armenia
44:
33:
1200:
1177:Ղուկաս Ղուկասյանի արձանը
1176:
1100:Melkonian, A. H. (1970)
591:Sovietization of Armenia
257:attempt by the Armenian
211:Sargis Musayelian
1314:Hovannisian, Richard G.
408:revolutionary committee
239:Մայիսյան ապստամբություն
218:Ghukas Ghukasyan
21:May Uprising in Dresden
957:Richard G. Hovannisian
622:King, Charles (2008).
582:
490:
453:Treaty of Alexandropol
179:Commanders and leaders
1076:Karian, S. M. (2003)
484:
250:Mayisyan apstambutyun
1350:Communism in Armenia
656:Adalian, Rouben Paul
534:Viktor Hambardzumyan
279:Turkish Nationalists
1355:Bolshevik uprisings
1003:, pp. 247–249.
991:, pp. 252–253.
728:Shaginyan, Marietta
558:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
530:Agrarian University
466:breakup of the USSR
424:Alexander Khatisian
295:Republic of Armenia
143:Muslims of Armenia
96:Republic of Armenia
72:Uprising suppressed
16:Uprising in Armenia
491:
436:state of emergency
399:and other cities.
383:Encouraged by the
348:who commanded the
200:Ruben Ter-Minasian
1365:Conflicts in 1920
1026:Hovannisian 1996a
1012:Charlotte Hille,
1001:Hovannisian 1996a
989:Hovannisian 1996a
922:National Republic
884:Hovannisian 1996a
872:Hovannisian 1996a
860:Hovannisian 1996a
601:February Uprising
542:Vardanants Square
370:
339:Sargis Musayelyan
283:Karabakh movement
247:
227:
226:
208:
197:
171:Soviet Azerbaijan
76:
75:
1387:
1335:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:on 9 August 2013
1265:. Archived from
1255:
1249:
1248:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
970:
964:
954:
948:
942:
929:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
850:
848:
846:
835:
826:
825:
804:
798:
797:
779:
773:
772:
756:
746:
740:
739:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
693:
674:
673:
652:
646:
645:
629:
619:
440:Sebouh Nersesian
365:
363:
347:
252:
242:
240:
223:
216:
202:
191:
185:Sebouh Nersesian
169:
168:
167:
156:
155:
154:
124:
123:
122:
108:
107:
106:
93:
92:
46:
45:
38:
26:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1370:May 1920 events
1360:1920 in Armenia
1340:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1055:on 3 March 2016
1052:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:A.B. Kadishev,
972:
971:
967:
955:
951:
943:
932:
920:
916:
906:
904:
895:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
866:
858:
854:
844:
842:
837:
836:
829:
822:
808:Derogy, Jacques
806:
805:
801:
794:
781:
780:
776:
769:
748:
747:
743:
726:
725:
721:
712:
710:
695:
694:
677:
670:
654:
653:
649:
642:
621:
620:
613:
609:
587:
550:
479:
474:
448:
428:Hamo Ohanjanyan
389:Avis Nurijanyan
381:
341:
323:Russian Armenia
291:
217:
198:
189:Hamo Ohanjanyan
187:
165:
163:
152:
150:
149:
144:
120:
118:
112:(Dashnaksutyun)
104:
102:
87:
64:
52:May 10–14, 1920
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:978-0520088030
1330:
1310:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1250:
1243:
1221:
1191:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1116:
1090:
1066:
1030:
1028:, p. 249.
1018:
1005:
993:
981:
965:
949:
930:
914:
888:
886:, p. 211.
876:
874:, p. 218.
864:
862:, p. 209.
852:
827:
820:
799:
792:
774:
767:
741:
719:
675:
668:
647:
640:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
598:
593:
586:
583:
549:
546:
499:Soviet Armenia
495:Soviet Armenia
478:
475:
473:
470:
447:
444:
404:Vardan Zoravar
380:
377:
373:General Vardan
362:Վարդան Զորավար
354:Vardan Zoravar
333:. Part of the
327:Ottoman Empire
315:South Caucasus
290:
287:
225:
224:
209:
181:
180:
176:
175:
174:
173:
141:
140:
115:
114:
113:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1392:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1244:9783593393841
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1165:, p. 51.
1164:
1163:Kiesling 2000
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 50.
1152:
1151:Kiesling 2000
1147:
1144:
1141:, p. 48.
1140:
1139:Kiesling 2000
1135:
1132:
1129:, p. 28.
1128:
1127:Kiesling 2000
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:(in Armenian)
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:(in Armenian)
1070:
1067:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
969:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
947:, p. 49.
946:
945:Kiesling 2000
941:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
915:
903:(in Armenian)
902:
898:
892:
889:
885:
880:
877:
873:
868:
865:
861:
856:
853:
841:
834:
832:
828:
823:
821:9781412833165
817:
813:
809:
803:
800:
795:
793:9780231511339
789:
785:
778:
775:
770:
768:9781403974679
764:
760:
755:
754:
745:
742:
738:
733:
729:
723:
720:
709:on 2014-07-14
708:
704:
703:
698:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
676:
671:
669:9780810874503
665:
661:
657:
651:
648:
643:
641:9780199884322
637:
633:
628:
627:
618:
616:
612:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
579:
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571:
567:
561:
559:
554:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
483:
477:Soviet period
476:
471:
469:
467:
463:
459:
454:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
368:
359:
355:
351:
350:armored train
345:
340:
336:
335:Armenian army
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Allied Powers
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
275:Soviet Russia
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
245:
236:
232:
222:
215:
210:
206:
201:
195:
190:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:Soviet Russia
147:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
131:
128:
116:
111:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
91:
85:
84:
79:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1317:
1294:
1285:Bibliography
1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1253:
1230:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1205:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1050:the original
1021:
1013:
1008:
996:
984:
976:
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707:the original
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515:Gharibjanyan
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292:
231:May Uprising
230:
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146:supported by
145:
142:
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86:
81:Belligerents
29:May Uprising
578:Nakhichevan
511:Nahapetavan
342: [
255:coup d'état
1344:Categories
907:24 October
737:Uprising."
713:2013-08-09
607:References
519:Musayelian
468:in 1991.
331:Bolshevism
307:Azerbaijan
289:Background
259:Bolsheviks
130:Bolsheviks
1316:(1996a).
1214:13 August
1207:Azg Daily
1184:13 August
560:stated:
446:Aftermath
420:Sarikamis
271:11th Army
244:romanized
1303:Archived
1273:9 August
1059:9 August
901:Mediamax
845:9 August
810:(1990).
730:(1954).
658:(2010).
585:See also
507:Sarukhan
358:Armenian
253:) was a
235:Armenian
127:Armenian
57:Location
574:Surmalu
570:Ardahan
523:Ashotsk
503:Gandzak
432:Dashnak
397:Yerevan
369:
311:Georgia
299:Dashnak
267:Armenia
246::
1328:
1241:
818:
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765:
666:
638:
538:Gyumri
487:Gyumri
472:Legacy
412:Armkom
379:Revolt
352:named
303:Turkey
263:Gyumri
133:Revkom
69:Result
1306:(PDF)
1299:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
1046:(PDF)
371:'
346:]
1326:ISBN
1275:2013
1239:ISBN
1216:2013
1186:2013
1061:2013
909:2022
847:2013
816:ISBN
788:ISBN
763:ISBN
664:ISBN
636:ISBN
576:and
566:Kars
418:and
416:Kars
367:lit.
229:The
49:Date
759:170
632:172
273:of
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1235:70
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194:PM
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