359:, and coastal islands. Adults prefer coastal lagoons and rivers and may survive in marine conditions. It can be found in oxygen-rich areas near submerged vegetation and over muddy substrates. Despite its preference for waters with dissolved oxygen content of at least 3.5 mg/L, though, it is capable of surviving in extreme hypoxia, because it is an oxygen conformer, becoming much less active in hypoxic water, and even surviving virtual anoxia for up to two hours. Unusually, this fish has been recorded in some
567:. In Mexico, the Mayan cichlid spawns for a nine-month period from March to November, particularly during the wet season from June to September. This corresponds to a period when the water temperature is at least 24 degrees Celsius. Multiple broods are raised per year. The fry appear to be adapted to lotic water. They exhibit strongly positive geotactic behavior, actively swimming down to the substrate upon hatching from the egg and adhering themselves to the bottom by means of three pairs of mucous glands.
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509:, or site tenacious, i.e. - individuals are non-migratory and prefer to stay within a home range. The Mayan cichlid has a minimum temperature requirement of about 14 °C (57 °F). In its native range, it inhabits waters with temperatures from 18–34 °C (64–93 °F), but its optimal temperature range is 28–33 °C (82–91 °F).
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This species is also a dietary generalist, consuming organisms from a variety of disparate taxa. However, it is susceptible to malnourishment, apparently due to the requirement that a relatively large proportion of its diet be animal prey. The Mayan cichlid's diet includes plant matter, smaller fish,
516:
and can survive in a range of salinity from 0 – 40 ppt. Experiments on captive specimens have shown that it can tolerate abrupt increases in salinity of up to 15 ppt. The Mayan cichlid has a broad range of tolerance to abiotic conditions and a broad functional repertoire to enable it to feed on about
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of yellow-brown to gray-brown in most cases, that becomes intense red during breeding. The head and throat are reddish, especially in younger fish. The caudal fin and the soft-sections of the dorsal and anal fin are usually more or less reddish. Six wide green-black vertical stripes run across the
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reaches a maximum length of 39.4 cm (15.5 in). This fish is one of the larger cichlids. The body is oval and flattened on the sides and the head is tapering towards the mouth. Fins are spiny. It has a base
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when breeding. As parents, Mayan cichlids are highly protective of their young, and they have several broods per year. This species is a monogamous, biparental substrate spawner that exhibits minimal
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sides of the body between the base of the pectoral fin and the base of the caudal fin. There is a large black eye spot circled with blue-green on the tail stem (hence the species scientific name
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420:, Greek for eye). Since the distribution area of the species is relatively large, this species may occurs in different colors, which may differ from the one described above.
605:Říčan, O., Piálek, L., Dragová, K. & Novák, J. (2016): Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification.
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Martinez-Palacios, C.A., Chavez-Sanchez, M.C. & Ross, L.G. (1996): The effects of water temperature on food intake, growth and body composition of
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and guards its fry for up to six weeks. All of these traits are greatly developed and represent an extreme in the general pattern found in the genus
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Martínez-Palacios, C.A., Chávez-Sánchez, C. & Olvera Novoa, M.A. (1993): The potential for culture of the
American Cichlidae with emphasis on
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In its native range, the Mayan cichlid is a popular food fish. For this reason it is the basis of a regional fishery, is commonly used in
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Gamboa-Pérez, H.C. & Schmitter-Soto, J.J. (1999): Distribution of cichlid fishes in the littoral of Lake
Bacalar, Yucatan Peninsula.
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Stauffer, J.R.Jr. & Boltz, S.E. (1994): Effect of
Salinity on the Temperature Preference and Tolerance of Age-0 Mayan Cichlids.
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Martinez-Palacios, C.A., Ross, L.G. & Rosado-Vallado, M. (1990): The effects of salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile
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cichlids. To date, the Mayan cichlid has been most intensively studied at localities in southeastern Mexico on or near the
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than captive ones, but one can help maintain some of its vibrance by feeding the fish live foods and foods that contain
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Hulsey, C.D. & García de León, F.J. (2005): Cichlid jaw mechanics: linking morphology to feeding specialization.
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Martinez-Palacios, C.A. & Ross, L.G. (1988): The feeding ecology of the
Central American cichlid
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Faunce, C.H. & Lorenz, J.J. 2000. Reproductive
Biology of the Introduced Mayan cichlid,
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Miller, R.R. (1966): Geographical
Distribution of Central American Freshwater Fishes.
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A species of large cichlid, indigenous to Middle
America, with a tail eye spot.
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The Mayan cichlid is capable of surviving in a variety of conditions. It is
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635:"Diet and morphology through ontogeny of the nonindigenous Mayan cichlid
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447:. As in many animals, the red color is much more brilliant in wild
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20% of evasive prey due to its 6.8% jaw protrusion while feeding.
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Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society, 123 (1): 101-107.
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The Mayan cichlid inhabits freshwater marshes, mangrove swamps,
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802:, Within an Estuarine Mangrove Habitat of Southern Florida.
287:
is in revision and has been restricted to the 12 species of
888:"Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Mayan Cichlid) — Seriously Fish"
773:"กรมประมง สั่งห้ามเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำต่างถิ่น 13 ชนิด"
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331:in 1983 and is now a common nonindigenous fish in
804:Environmental Biology of Fishes, 58 (2): 215-225.
311:. It is native to the Atlantic slope of tropical
299:have yet to be formally assigned to new genera.
713:Environmental Biology of Fishes, 54 (1): 35-43.
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633:Bergmann, Gaddy T.; Motta, Philip J. (2005).
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876:Journal of Fish Biology, 33 (5): 665-670.
758:: Muir, J.F. & Roberts, R.J. (Eds.),
455:, which breaks down into the red pigment
725:"Discover Fish - Mayaheros urophthalmus"
584:List of freshwater aquarium fish species
595:
832:Aquaculture Research, 27 (6): 455-461.
762:. Vol. 4., Blackwell, Oxford, England.
481:(DOF) alongside other species such as
7:
1401:Freshwater fish of the United States
860:Functional Ecology, 19 (3): 487-494.
676:
674:
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462:It is among the most-studied of the
1376:IUCN Red List least concern species
639:(Günther 1862) in southern Florida"
637:Cichlasoma (Nandopsis) urophthalmus
607:Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (1): 1-102.
25:
904:
86:
1386:Cichlid fish of Central America
643:Environmental Biology of Fishes
760:Recent advances in aquaculture
1:
1391:Cichlid fish of North America
848:Aquaculture, 91 (1-2): 65-75.
323:. It was first recorded from
307:This species can be found in
1416:Taxa named by Albert Günther
1411:Euryhaline fish of Nicaragua
277:and the subgeneric section
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619:Copeia, 1966 (4): 773-802.
1396:Freshwater fish of Mexico
655:10.1007/s10641-004-1480-1
495:Sarotherodon melanotheron
487:Heterotilapia buttikoferi
214:
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188:
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83:Scientific classification
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59:
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41:
34:
684:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
325:Everglades National Park
1146:Cichlasoma_urophthalmus
1117:Cichlasoma urophthalmum
872:Cichlasoma urophthalmus
844:Cichlasoma urophthalmus
828:Cichlasoma urophthalmus
800:Cichlasoma urophthalmus
752:Cichlasoma urophthalmus
698:. January 2016 version.
688:Cichlasoma urophthalmum
479:Department of Fisheries
315:, ranging from eastern
226:Cichlasoma urophthalmum
1421:Fish described in 1862
961:Mayaheros urophthalmus
931:Mayaheros urophthalmus
911:Mayaheros urophthalmus
574:
440:
437:Hypostomus plecostomus
433:Mayaheros urophthalmus
400:Mayaheros urophthalmus
391:
384:Mayaheros urophthalmus
293:Cichlasoma bimaculatum
237:Mayaheros urophthalmus
192:Mayaheros urophthalmus
36:Mayaheros urophthalmus
830:(Günther) juveniles.
781:(in Thai). 2021-07-01
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549:The Mayan cichlid is
505:The Mayan cichlid is
431:
416:, Greek for tail and
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283:. However, the genus
913:at Wikimedia Commons
351:, rocky shorelines,
291:cichlids related to
268:was a member of the
240:, also known as the
174:M. urophthalmus
53:Conservation status
1285:Heros urophthalmus
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218:Heros urophthalmus
1406:Fish of Guatemala
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1255:Open Tree of Life
1087:Open Tree of Life
923:Taxon identifiers
909:Media related to
559:sexual dimorphism
491:blackchin tilapia
468:Yucatán Peninsula
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367:Yucatan Peninsula
264:Previously, this
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303:Distribution
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140:Cichliformes
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1193:iNaturalist
1048:NatureServe
1022:iNaturalist
955:Wikispecies
874:(Gunther).
551:territorial
535:crustaceans
507:philopatric
464:Neotropical
445:aquaculture
395:Description
313:Mesoamerica
1370:Categories
785:2024-07-20
590:References
555:aggressive
514:euryhaline
418:ophthalmos
388:Everglades
297:Cichlasoma
285:Cichlasoma
274:Cichlasoma
1300:Q28855195
946:Q25354031
564:Mayaheros
453:Vitamin A
449:specimens
357:estuaries
321:Nicaragua
280:Nandopsis
168:Species:
161:Mayaheros
150:Cichlidae
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
1340:10574465
1294:Wikidata
1126:Wikidata
1053:2.100022
996:FishBase
940:Wikidata
778:Thai PBS
695:FishBase
578:See also
527:detritus
475:Thailand
260:Taxonomy
209:Synonyms
146:Family:
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1381:Heroini
1327:5208376
1185:5852971
1132:Q684576
1105:1253896
1079:1253896
1014:9539561
663:7750210
539:insects
501:Biology
497:) etc.
365:in the
362:cenotes
353:lagoons
339:Habitat
329:Florida
266:species
254:cichlid
250:species
202:, 1862)
200:Günther
156:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
1353:314600
1273:280186
1260:969102
1247:157108
1224:169802
1198:187868
1172:204002
1092:969102
1066:318743
1027:623746
975:750595
661:
537:, and
531:snails
489:) and
412:(from
349:rivers
317:Mexico
1348:WoRMS
1335:IRMNG
1314:3L2V4
1268:WoRMS
1231:NAS:
1211:88479
1159:99GWC
1100:WoRMS
1040:62217
988:3YH5S
659:S2CID
523:algae
435:with
405:color
345:lakes
270:genus
248:is a
1322:GBIF
1219:ITIS
1180:GBIF
1074:OBIS
1061:NCBI
1035:IUCN
1009:GBIF
1001:4798
970:BOLD
553:and
414:oura
1309:CoL
1234:453
1206:ISC
1167:EoL
1154:CoL
1141:ADW
983:CoL
651:doi
473:In
386:in
252:of
244:or
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756:In
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327:,
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653::
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198:(
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