424:
customers. At the time, the aircraft was still proposed in two versions, both with the same fuselage length, a stretch of 22 ft 3 in (6.78 m) over the DC-10 airframe, as well as the same engine choice as the MD-11X. One version would have a range of 4,780 nautical miles (8,850 km; 5,500 mi) with a gross weight of 500,000 pounds (230,000 kg) and transport up to 337 passengers, while the second would carry 331 passengers over 6,900 nautical miles (12,800 km; 7,900 mi). A year later, as several airlines had committed to the MD-11, the situation was looking optimistic. The aircraft was now a 320-seater baseline and defined as an 18 ft 7 in (5.66 m) stretch over the DC-10-30 powered by the new advanced turbofans offered by the major engine manufacturers giving it a range of 6,800 nautical miles (12,600 km; 7,800 mi). Other versions, such as a shortened ER with a range of 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km; 8,600 mi), an all-cargo offering a maximum payload of 200,970 pounds (91,160 kg), and a Combi with a provision for ten freight pallets on the main deck, were proposed. Further growth of the aircraft was also foreseen, such as the MD-11 Advanced.
400:). The manufacturer finally rationalized all these studies under the MD-EEE (Ecology-Economy-Efficiency) designation, which was later modified to the MD-100 following some more changes. The MD-100 was proposed in two versions: the Series 10, having an airframe shorter by 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) compared to the DC-10 and seating up to 270 passengers in a mixed-class configuration; and the Series 20, incorporating a fuselage stretch of 20 ft 6 in (6.25 m) over the DC-10 and able to seat up to 333 passengers in the same kind of configuration as the Series 10. Both versions could be powered by the same engine families as the actual MD-11 plus the RB.211-600. However, the situation for the manufacturer, and the airline industry in general, did not look bright. No new DC-10 orders were received, and many observers and customers doubted that the manufacturer would stay in business much longer. Thus, the board of directors decided in November 1983 to once again cease all work on the projected new trijet.
775:
562:
360:
961:(53 built): The freight transport aircraft was the second variant on offer at launch in 1986 and was the last and longest (1988–2000) manufactured version. The all-cargo aircraft features the same forward port-side cargo door (140 by 102 inches (3.6 m × 2.6 m)) as the MD-11CF, a main-deck volume of 15,530 cubic feet (440 m), a maximum payload of 200,151 pounds (90,787 kg) and can transport 26 pallets of the same dimensions (88 by 125 inches (2.2 m × 3.2 m) or 96 by 125 inches (2.4 m × 3.2 m)) as for the MD-11C and MD-11CF. The MD-11F was delivered between 1991 and 2001 to
852:
729:
655:-300s. American Airlines cited problems with the performance of the engines and airframe, while Singapore Airlines stated that the MD-11 could not operate on the airline's long-haul routes. Pre-flight estimates indicated that the P&W-powered MD-11 was to have a 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) range with 61,000 pounds (28 t) of payload. With the Phase 1 drag reduction in place, the aircraft could only achieve its full range with 48,500 pounds (22.0 t) of payload, or a reduced range of 6,493 nautical miles (12,025 km; 7,472 mi) with a full payload.
947:
47:
1176:
938:(five built): the Extended Range version was launched by the manufacturer at the Singapore Air Show in February 1994. The MD-11ER incorporates all the Performance Improvement Program (PIP) options, including a maximum takeoff weight of 630,500 pounds (286,000 kg) and an extra fuel tank of 3,000 US gallons (11,000 L)) in the forward cargo hold to offer a range of 7,240 nautical miles (13,410 km; 8,330 mi), an increase of 400 nautical miles (740 km; 460 mi) over the standard passenger variant. MD-11ERs were delivered between 1995 and 1997 to
1031:, the company presented plans for a new tri-jet with high seating and long range named "MD-XX". It was offered in the MD-XX Stretch and MD-XX LR versions. The MD-XX Stretch version was to have a longer fuselage than the MD-11 and seat 375 in a typical three-class arrangement. The MD-XX LR was to have a longer range and be the same length as the MD-11; it was to have typical three-class seating for 309. However, the MDC board of directors decided to end the MD-XX program in October 1996, because the financial investment was too large for the company.
671:
909:
1049:
287:
1425:
1253:. After takeoff, the flight was cleared to climb to 4,900 feet (1,500 meters). The aircraft climbed to 4,500 ft (1,400 m). Due to confusion on the flight deck, the captain thought the aircraft was too high and needed to descend. The captain pushed the control column abruptly forward, causing the MD-11 to enter a rapid descent from which it could not be recovered. All three occupants on board and five people on the ground were killed.
1767:
900:× 3.2 m). The main deck cargo compartment was accessible by a large rear port-side cargo door, which measured 160 by 102 inches (4.1 m × 2.6 m). The main deck cargo volume was 10,904 cubic feet (308.8 m). Additional freight was also carried in below-deck compartments. The MD-11C could also be configured as an all-passenger aircraft. All five aircraft were manufactured between 1991 and 1992 and delivered to
1412:
this was found to inhibit the MD-11's crosswind performance. These design features, coupled with standard landing speeds 20–30 knots (35–55 km/h) faster than those of comparable aircraft, significantly reduce the MD-11's margin for error during the takeoff and landing phases, making it more difficult to handle than the smaller DC-10. Several operators have introduced special training to assist crews in safely handling the MD-11's
428:
308:
have been capable of transporting up to 340 passengers in a multi-class configuration, or 277 passengers and their luggage over 5,300 nautical miles (9,800 km; 6,100 mi). At the same time, the manufacturer was seeking to reduce wing and engine drag on the trijet. Another version of the aircraft was also envisaged, the "DC-10 global", aimed to counter the risks of loss of orders for the DC-10-30 that the
1294:, Japan while landing in windy conditions. Airport surveillance video showed the aircraft becoming airborne again after the first touchdown, then impacting nose-first the second time and turning onto its left side, erupting into flames; the impact flipped the aircraft upside-down. The aircraft finally came to rest some distance left of the runway. The two flight crew members were killed.
832:(LSAS) that featured a fuel ballast tank in the tailplane, and a partly computer-driven horizontal stabilizer, to compensate for the comparatively short horizontal stabilizer. Updates to the software package made the airplane's handling characteristics in manual flight similar to those of the DC-10, despite a smaller tailplane to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency.
763:, new engines, and increased use of composites. The most significant change in the tail section is the MD-11's horizontal tail being 30% smaller than that of the DC-10-30. The horizontal tail area on the DC-10 is 1,338 square feet (120 square meters), while on the MD-11, it's reduced to 920 square feet (82.8 square meters). The MD11's winglets are credited with improving
1753:
1794:
980:
except for the PIP Phase IIIB larger aft-engine intake. Some airlines, such as
Finnair, Martinair, and FedEx have made the structural changes required to allow their aircraft to have the higher MTOW. Swissair's 16 newest aircraft were retrofitted with all the features except for the extra fuel tank and were so-designated MD-11AH for Advanced Heavy.
577:, and the mating of the fuselage with wings occurred in October of that year. The first flight was originally planned to occur in March 1989, but numerous problems with the manufacturing, delays with suppliers producing essential components, and labor industrial actions delayed the ceremonial rollout of the prototype until September of that year.
928:
pallets of the same dimensions (88 by 125 inches (2.2 m × 3.2 m)) or 96 by 125 inches (2.4 m × 3.2 m)) as for the MD-11C and MD-11F for a main-deck cargo volume of 14,508 cubic feet (410.8 m) and offers a maximum payload of 196,928 pounds (89,325 kg). All six MD-11CFs were delivered to
Martinair (four) and
436:
a refinement of the existing DC-10, in contrast to rivals Airbus and Boeing who during this period developed all-new aircraft designs that would become the Airbus A330/A340 and Boeing 777. As a trijet, the MD-11 was less fuel-efficient but had a greater range than its mid-size widebody contemporaries which were twinjets (the existing
624:, already flying several DC-10s, became the first customer of the MD-11. Three aircraft were manufactured but were never delivered due to the Yugoslav Wars. The first MD-11 was delivered to Finnair on December 7, 1990, and it accomplished the first revenue service by an MD-11 on December 20, 1990, carrying passengers from
659:
Center to study aerodynamic improvements. The PIP lasted until 1995 and recovered the range for the aircraft. However, by this point, sales of the MD-11 had already been significantly impacted. In 1995, American
Airlines sold its 19 MD-11s to FedEx, as the PIP program was not sufficient for the aircraft to fly the
336:, the series 62 was proposed for long-range routes. It would feature a more modest fuselage stretch of 26 ft 7 in (8.10 m), along with an increased wingspan and fuel capacity. It would be capable of carrying up to 350 passengers (mixed class) or 440 passengers (all-economy), similar to the later
1411:
To improve fuel efficiency, McDonnell
Douglas designed the MD-11's center of gravity to be much farther aft than that of other commercial aircraft. There was also a fuel-ballast tank in the MD-11's horizontal stabilizer since its tailplane was smaller than the DC-10's to improve fuel efficiency, but
658:
In 1990, McDonnell
Douglas, along with Pratt & Whitney and General Electric began a modification program known as the Performance Improvement Program (PIP) to improve the aircraft's weight, fuel capacity, engine performance, and aerodynamics. McDonnell Douglas worked with NASA's Langley Research
435:
The lack of innovation from McDonnell
Douglas during the MD-11's design had been attributed to the company's declining cash flow, as it struggled with problems with its military contracts and declining orders for its commercial jets. Limited company resources resulted in the MD-11 being developed as
315:
While continuing their research for a new aircraft, McDonnell
Douglas designated the program DC-10 Super 60, previously known for a short time as DC-10 Super 50. The Super 60 was to be an intercontinental aircraft incorporating many aerodynamic improvements in the wings, and a fuselage lengthened by
1019:
In 1993, 1995, and again in 1996, McDonnell
Douglas performed studies on the feasibility of a twin-engine jet using MD-11 components, but nothing came of any of them. In August 1997, just after the merger with Boeing, a presentation was made pitching an MD-11 twin with a new Boeing wing to fill the
996:
in 1992, they proposed a tanker/transport version of the MD-11CF which had the in-house designation KMD-11. McDD offered either conversion of second-hand aircraft (KMD-11) or new built aircraft (KC-10B), the proposed KMD-11 offered 35,000 lbs more cargo capacity and 8,400 lbs more transferable fuel
1403:
The MD-11 had problems with its flight control systems that have resulted in multiple accidents and incidents since the aircraft's introduction. The initial design of the slat/flap lever in the cockpit left it prone to being accidentally dislodged by a crew in flight. The defect has been corrected
1080:
began operating the first of three leased passenger MD-11s, in a deal arranged by Boeing as an interim solution for TAM to quickly be able to operate newly granted intercontinental routes while waiting for four Boeing 777-300ERs to be delivered from late 2008. The last MD-11 was retired from TAM's
979:
Note: Some or all the features of the MD-11ER, including the higher MTOW of 630,500 pounds (286.0 t), part or all of the PIPs aerodynamic improvements packages and composite panels were fitted to later-built MD-11s (except the extra fuel tank), and could be retrofitted to any of the variants,
611:
The following months of 1989 were used to prepare the prototype for its maiden flight, which finally happened on
January 10, 1990. The first two aircraft manufactured were intended for FedEx and thus, were already fitted with the forward side cargo door. They remained with the manufacturer as test
927:
for three aircraft plus two options. The MD-11CF features a large forward port-side cargo door (140 by 102 inches (3.6 m × 2.6 m)) located between the first two passenger doors and can be used in an all-passenger or in an all-cargo configuration. As a freighter, it can transport 26
407:
tankers. McDonnell
Douglas was still convinced that a new derivative for the DC-10 was needed, as shown by the second-hand market for their Series 30 and the heavier DC-10-30ER version. Thus, in 1984 a new derivative aircraft version of the DC-10 was designated MD-11. From the very beginning, the
307:
Although the MD-11 program was launched in 1986, McDonnell Douglas had started to search for a DC-10 derivative as early as 1976. Two versions were considered then: a DC-10-10 with a fuselage stretch of 40 feet (12 m) and a DC-10-30 stretched by 30 feet (9.1 m). The latter version would
423:
As more orders for the DC-10 were received, McDonnell Douglas used the time gained before the end of DC-10 production to consult with potential customers and to refine the proposed new trijet. In July 1985, the board of directors authorized the Long Beach plant to offer the MD-11 to potential
319:
Following more refinements, in 1979 the DC-10 Super 60 was proposed in three distinct versions like the DC-8. The DC-10-61 was designed to be a high-capacity medium-range aircraft. It would have a fuselage stretch of 40 feet (12 m) over the earlier DC-10 models, enabling it to carry 390
899:
was the third variant on offer at launch in 1986 and was designed to accommodate both passengers and freight on the main deck, which featured a rear cargo compartment for up to ten pallets, each measuring 88 by 125 inches (2.2 m × 3.2 m) or 96 by 125 inches (2.4 m
904:, the only customer for that variant. In 2005 and 2006 the airline converted them to full-freighter configurations to be operated by Alitalia's cargo division. Following that division's closure, the five aircraft were returned to their lessor in January 2009.
1283:. Upon landing, the aircraft rolled down the whole length of the runway before plunging into the bay where it was completely submerged except for the cockpit. An excessive approach and landing speed were pointed out as probable cause of the accident.
371:
DC-10-10 (registration number N68048) was leased to conduct more research, particularly on the effects the newly designed winglets would have on aircraft performance. Different types of winglets were tested during that time in conjunction with
277:
in November 2014), many of the MD-11 passenger fleet were converted into freighter specification, many of which are still in service today. The last of 200 aircraft was built in October 2000 after Boeing merged with McDonnell Douglas in 1997.
685:
in 1997, the unified company decided that MD-11 production would continue exclusively with the freighter variant. In 1998, Boeing announced it would end MD-11 production after filling orders on hand due to lack of sufficient market demand.
1072:
agreed to sell its 19 aircraft to FedEx, with the first MD-11 being transferred in 1996. Japan Airlines (JAL) announced the replacement of its 10 MD-11s in 2000; these aircraft were being converted into freighters and sold to UPS in 2004.
440:
and the upcoming Airbus A330 and Boeing 777). Aerospace consultant Scott Hamilton, in a 2014 article, said that the MD-11 was "classically ill-timed" as "it came at the end of the three- or four-engine era, just ahead of the real move to
544:
In 1992, the $ 1.7 billion development cost was to be spread over the first 301 aircraft produced for $ 100 million each. In 1995, because costs and revenues could not be reasonably estimated over the program life, MDC took a pre-tax
1371:. The deceased stowaway was located in the plane’s cargo hold after ground staff at Harare noticed blood dripping from one of the MD-11’s cargo doors. The crew initially stated that they believed the blood to have come from a
1059:
Most of the airlines that ordered the MD-11 for their long-haul passenger flights had replaced it with Airbus A330, A340, and Boeing 777 aircraft by the end of 2004. Some carriers converted their MD-11s to freighters such as
3244:"National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Report Inadvertent In-Flight Slat Deployment China Eastern Airlines Flight 583 McDonnell Douglas MD-11, B-2171 950 Nautical Miles South of Shemya, Alaska April 6, 1993"
445:
with the 777". McDonnell Douglas's initiative to "outsource everything but design, final assembly, and flight testing and sales of the MD-11" was also seen as contributing to the end of their commercial airline business.
408:
MD-11X was conceived in two different versions. The MD-11X-10, based on a DC-10-30 airframe, offered a range of 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) with passengers. That first version would have had a
604:, before being shipped to Long Beach. Main fuselage sections for the MD-11, and previously for DC-10, KC-10 were built by General Dynamics' Convair Division in San Diego, which were transported by barge to
3758:
3288:"National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Report Crash During Landing Federal Express, Inc. McDonnell Douglas MD-11, N611FE Newark International Airport Newark, New Jersey July 31, 1997"
580:
Parts for the MD-11 were sourced from a global network of subcontractors and suppliers. Subassembly tasks were spread across the McDonnell Douglas Corporation, with the nose subassembly produced in
356:, the trijet's reputation was seriously damaged by doubts regarding its structural integrity. For these reasons, and due to a downturn in the airline industry, all work on the Super 60 was stopped.
1390:. Takeoff from runway 33L was aborted and the aircraft continued past the end of the runway. The nose gear collapsed and the no.1 and 3 engines contacted the grass. The flight was bound for
454:
On December 30, 1986, McDonnell Douglas launched the MD-11 with commitments for 52 firm orders and 40 options in three different versions (passenger, combi and freighter) from ten airlines (
3319:"Aviation Investigation Report In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water Swissair Transport Limited McDonnell Douglas MD-11 HB-IWF Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 5 nm SW 2 September 1998"
1797:
420:
engines. The MD-11X-20 was to have a longer fuselage, accommodating up to 331 passengers in a mixed-class layout, and a range of 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi).
1379:
earlier in the plane's journey, but the body of a man who had stowed away on the flight was discovered shortly after the plane and its crew were seized by Zimbabwean authorities.
4113:
2590:
348:. Finally, the series 63 would have incorporated the same fuselage as the DC-10-61 as well as the larger wing of the -62. After high-profile accidents in the 1970s, such as
431:
The MD-11 has a center engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer, like the DC-10. Additionally, the nacelle has a bulge at the front, similar to the DC-10-40 variant.
316:
26 feet 8 inches (8.13 m) to allow for up to 350 passengers to be seated in a mixed-class layout, compared to 275 in the same configuration of the DC-10.
2808:
269:
The MD-11 failed to meet its range and fuel burn targets, which resulted in the aircraft selling poorly, with only 200 examples built, of which roughly a quarter were
1104:
was the last airline to operate scheduled passenger flights with the passenger version of the MD-11. The final scheduled flight took place on October 26, 2014, from
774:
553:
production costs and for reduced support and tooling value. In 1999, the unit cost was $ 132-$ 147.5 million (equivalent to $ 227-$ 253.7 million in 2023 dollars).
2211:
3765:
1735:
1200:. The aircraft flipped onto its back and subsequently burned, following a landing attempt from an unstabilized flare. The five occupants survived with injuries.
561:
4070:
975:– Boeing and its group of international affiliates offer a conversion of used passenger airliners into freighters. The MD-11BCF is one of the models offered.
869:(131 built): the passenger variant, was produced from 1988 to 1998. It was the first version on offer at the aircraft's launch in 1986 and was delivered to
3870:
3123:
1391:
1068:. Korean Air announced as early as December 1994 its intention to convert its five passenger MD-11s to freighters for medium-range cargo routes. In 1995,
403:
The following year no new orders for the DC-10 were received. The production line was kept active thanks to earlier orders from the U.S. Air Force for 60
3093:
2468:
2565:
1040:
839:
not included in the initial DC-10 design, to prevent catastrophic loss of control in the event of a hydraulic failure such as that which occurred on
4106:
533:. While it was selling for $ 100 million, the initial MD-11 jets cost $ 120 to $ 150 million to produce but this was to reduce to $ 90 million with
942:(three) and World Airways (two). As of February 2007, only one Finnair MD-11ER has been converted to MD-11 with the removal of the extra fuel tank.
751:
for directional control. It is based on the DC-10 but features a stretched fuselage, increased wingspan winglets, refined airfoils on the wing and
1280:
1246:
716:
McDonnell Douglas originally had projected that it would sell more than 300 MD-11 aircraft, but only 200 were built. The MD-11 assembly plant in
1347:
On February 13, 2016, Western Global Airlines Flight 4425 was involved in a stowaway incident that was discovered when the plane had stopped in
4473:
2497:
601:
384:. McDonnell Douglas was again planning new DC-10 versions that could incorporate winglets and more efficient engines developed at the time by
4483:
3326:
1302:
697:
on February 22 and January 25, 2001, respectively. Production ended because of a lack of sales, resulting from internal competition from the
3716:
3693:
3295:
3251:
2384:
1193:
2840:
4468:
4099:
3159:
643:
It was during this period that flaws in the MD-11's performance became apparent. It failed to meet its targets for range and fuel burn.
359:
2791:
1966:
211:
development studies, the MD-11 program was launched on December 30, 1986. Assembly of the first prototype began on March 9, 1988. Its
2439:
2344:
1219:. All 229 people on board perished. The cause of the crash was determined to have been a fire caused by improper wiring of passenger
3834:
3795:
2884:
2779:
2643:
2618:
2423:
2096:
2062:
2024:
1490:
1325:
1156:
525:
sold for $ 67 million. At certification in 1990, $ 2.5 billion were invested in initial production inventory, and $ 700 million for
3738:
3625:
2113:
4458:
3142:
2953:
1356:
1139:
794:
2183:
660:
3863:
2288:
1405:
1276:
1265:
1109:
851:
503:
216:
2514:
4035:
3287:
2816:
46:
1387:
1175:
829:
3108:
4091:
4045:
3408:
3043:
1291:
1242:
818:
802:
728:
353:
3025:
1045:
As of September 2024, 82 of the 200 aircraft built are operational, serving three different cargo operators worldwide.
2700:"The Effect of High Altitude and Center of Gravity on The Handling Characteristics of Swept-wing Commercial Airplanes"
1321:
1310:
993:
349:
97:
3184:"Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Type index > ASN Aviation Safety Database results"
3009:
2927:
3501:
2150:
3856:
2306:
1298:
1002:
840:
617:
3673:
2605:
1272:
that exceeded its crosswind specifications, also flipping onto its back and burning. Three passengers were killed.
509:
In 1987, the program was to cost $ 1.5 billion (equivalent to $ 3.45 billion in 2023) with $ 500 million for
1578:
1269:
1257:
810:
693:
in April 1998. Assembly of the last two MD-11s were completed in August and October 2000; they were delivered to
3318:
3120:
946:
4463:
4122:
4060:
4025:
3879:
2699:
1901:
278,821 lb (126,471 kg) with optional 3,000 US gal (11,356 L) tank in 2 LD3 positions.
1413:
1227:. The fire started at the front of the aircraft and quickly grew uncontrollable, attributed partly to the poor
806:
3183:
4408:
4395:
4371:
4065:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3603:
2983:
2365:
2119:
1820:
1815:
1341:
1337:
1287:
1220:
1189:
1180:
1024:
1014:
674:
510:
208:
180:
124:
3359:
3347:
1245:, MD-11 registration number HL7373, crashed shortly after takeoff while operating cargo flight KE6316 from
4342:
4040:
3984:
3660:
2657:
1859:
1562:
1526:
1061:
717:
670:
574:
495:
409:
381:
243:
87:
3828:
3694:
https://www.boeing.com/content/dam/boeing/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/freighters/MD11f.pdf
797:
VIA 2000 computers. The cockpit design is called Advanced Common Flightdeck (ACF) and is shared with the
2325:
1854:
1116:
998:
908:
526:
479:
3372:
1336:. The captain and first officer evacuated the aircraft with injuries. This incident is very similar to
573:
Assembly of the first MD-11 began on March 9, 1988 at McDonnell Douglas's Douglas Products Division in
250:
is stretched by 11% to 202 ft (61.6 m) to accommodate 298 passengers in three classes over a
3243:
2607:
Beyond Tube-and-Wing: The X-48 Blended Wing-Body and NASA's Quest to Reshape Future Transport Aircraft
620:(JAA) certified the MD-11 on October 17, 1991, after approximately 200 separate issues were resolved.
3804:
3208:"Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety WikiBase > ASN Aviation Safety Database results"
2473:
2444:
1772:
1582:
1208:
1077:
612:
aircraft until 1991 before being completely converted to freighters and delivered to their customer.
593:
368:
2494:
2238:
3437:
2155:
1204:
1105:
1028:
744:
589:
581:
538:
251:
3230:
1048:
286:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3581:"ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-11F N277UP Seoul-Incheon International Airport (ICN)"
2389:
1945:
1404:
since 1992. In the early 2000s, Boeing improved the flight control software at the urging of the
1235:
1164:
648:
459:
196:
69:
31:
3580:
2633:
1494:
828:
design and one of the first commercial designs to employ a computer-assisted pitch/longitudinal
385:
3459:
3274:
1424:
4126:
3883:
3809:
3791:
3484:
3207:
2857:
2837:
2775:
2749:
2662:
2639:
2614:
2584:
2419:
2092:
2058:
2020:
1261:
1069:
870:
855:
825:
814:
644:
605:
200:
92:
1275:
On October 17, 1999, FedEx Express Flight 87, MD-11 N581FE, was written off after landing at
743:
airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the
4478:
2741:
1864:
1800:
1383:
1168:
939:
836:
790:
534:
270:
3553:
3918:
3848:
3146:
3127:
2957:
2844:
2501:
1758:
1228:
966:
874:
764:
694:
637:
597:
585:
393:
263:
128:
3529:"News: A Western Global MD11 in Harare on Feb 14th 2016 and the results of the fuel stop"
3068:
2635:
Assessment of wingtip modifications to increase the fuel efficiency of Air Force aircraft
2540:
4050:
3636:
3432:
3400:
2795:
2274:
2124:
1842:
1376:
1348:
1097:
896:
882:
783:
633:
530:
404:
239:
17:
3139:
2950:
312:
and its range were causing. The DC-10 global would have incorporated more fuel tanks.
4452:
4082:
3943:
3433:"Crash: Avient Aviation MD11 at Shanghai on Nov 28th 2009, overran runway on takeoff"
1513:
170 ft 6 in / 51.97 m span, 3,648 sq ft (338.9 m) area
1212:
1053:
962:
932:(two) in 1995. The two World Airways aircraft were converted to freight-only in 2002.
929:
923:(six built): the Convertible Freighter variant was launched in 1991 by an order from
733:
546:
467:
377:
259:
255:
212:
116:
3598:
4384:
4360:
4333:
4055:
4030:
3979:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3933:
3928:
2988:
2889:
1360:
1333:
1124:
789:
The MD-11 features a two-crew cockpit that incorporates six 8-inch interchangeable
487:
427:
333:
320:
passengers in a mixed class or 550 passengers in an all-economy layout, similar to
309:
120:
72:
1027:
program, McDonnell Douglas focused on 300–400-seat MD-11 derivatives. At the 1996
3485:"Hard Landing: Lufthansa Cargo crash could reopen questions on pilot proficiency"
2326:"A Big Day for the MD-11 : Aerospace: The government certifies the aircraft"
2812:
2269:
1832:
1372:
1160:
756:
710:
706:
652:
621:
521:. The first 52 firm orders totaled $ 5 billion, or $ 95 million each, while the
345:
341:
329:
4351:
3999:
3923:
2771:
1837:
1748:
1314:
1197:
1065:
798:
702:
698:
475:
437:
337:
325:
3813:
2753:
1505:
19 ft 9 in / 6.0 m fuselage, 225 in (572 cm) cabin
1143:
924:
912:
768:
760:
752:
664:
518:
463:
238:
turbofan engines. Its wingspan is slightly larger than the DC-10 and it has
3401:"Aircraft Accident Investigation Report Federal Express Corporation N526FE"
1394:. All 4 crew members survived without injury. The aircraft was written off.
3528:
647:
in particular was unimpressed with the 19 MD-11s that it received, as was
1352:
1224:
1020:
gap between the 767 and the 777, but again the proposal came to nothing.
950:
901:
878:
779:
740:
629:
625:
550:
483:
455:
247:
2089:
Aerofax: McDonnell Douglas MD-11: A Long Beach Swansong (Aerofax Series)
3377:
2114:"Jet's Troubled History Raises Issues For the FAA and the Manufacturer"
1541:
1368:
1306:
566:
471:
291:
220:
162:
3802:
Thisdell, Dan; Morris, Rob (September 2018). "World Airliner Census".
3109:"Win two last tickets for KLM's MD-11 Farewell Flights on 11 November"
1910:
298 pax. and bags, ER: 7,130 nmi (13,200 km; 8,210 mi).
3841:
3680:
2745:
2518:
2188:
1364:
1329:
1216:
1120:
1082:
989:
748:
690:
682:
569:
on December 7, 1990, and made its first revenue on December 20, 1990.
499:
417:
389:
321:
235:
231:
227:
204:
193:
2858:"Too Big For Its Own Good: Why A MD-11 Based Tanker Was Never Built"
1408:
to reduce the possibility of violent unintentional pitch movements.
1112:, followed by three special roundtrip flights on November 11, 2014.
1100:
to become part of the Russian airline cargo fleet in 2008 and 2009.
1096:
In May 2007, Finnair announced the sale of their last two MD-11s to
2729:
616:
certification was achieved on November 8, 1990, while the European
2768:
The DC-10 Case: A Study in Applied Ethics, Technology, and Society
1557:
38,615 US gal / 146,173 L, 258,721 lb / 117,356 kg
1423:
1382:
On June 6, 2016, UPS Airlines Flight 61, MD-11F N277UP suffered a
1250:
1232:
1174:
1086:
1047:
945:
907:
850:
773:
727:
669:
560:
491:
442:
426:
397:
358:
295:
285:
52:
1601:
Mach 0.83 (479 kn; 886 km/h; 551 mph) cruise
3046:[Whatever happened to TAM's McDonnell Douglas MD-11s?].
1630:
9,725 ft (2,964 m), ER: 10,800 ft (3,292 m)
1090:
522:
514:
373:
290:
The MD-11 on the left is 202 ft (61.6 m) long and has
273:. After retirement from passenger service (last flight being by
246:(MTOW) is increased by 14% to 630,500 lb (286 t). Its
4095:
3852:
3275:
ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-11 B-2171 Shemya, AK
412:(MTOW) of 580,000 pounds (260,000 kg) and would have used
1733:
1603:
Mach 0.88 (507 kn; 940 km/h; 584 mph) MMo
1593:
62,000 lbf (280 kN) / 61,500 lbf (274 kN)
1130:
Lufthansa Cargo retired their last MD-11 on October 17, 2021.
1101:
886:
651:
who canceled their order for 20 MD-11s and instead ordered 20
613:
413:
274:
3554:"Western Global Airlines Issues Update on Aircraft Situation"
3491:. 172(29) August 2, 2010, pp. 41–42. (Registration required).
596:. The wings were manufactured by McDonnell Douglas Canada in
219:(FAA) certification on November 8. The first delivery was to
30:"MD-100" redirects here. For the Maryland state highway, see
2838:
World's First 767-300 Boeing Converted Freighter Goes to ANA
51:
The MD-11 is a stretched & more advanced version of the
2928:"How McDonnell Douglas missed the Big Twin and disappeared"
2566:"McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Aircraft Facts, Dates and History"
1317:
with the loss of three lives. The aircraft was written off.
223:
on December 7 and it entered service on December 20, 1990.
2982:
O'Toole, Kevin; Kingsley-Jones, Max (September 18, 1996).
1123:
Royal Flight for members of the Royal family, and one by
915:
MD-11CF front section with forward cargo door and windows
2177:
2175:
2173:
1171:. Two passengers were seriously injured and later died.
3094:"The MD-11 makes its final scheduled passenger flight"
2572:. 2013-08-08. Archived from the original on 2013-08-08
2515:"Boeing Announces Phase-Out of MD-11 Jetliner Program"
1883:
Retired from airline passenger service in October 2014
549:
of $ 1.838 billion (~$ 3.36 billion in 2023) for
3674:"MD-11 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning"
3044:"Por onde andariam os McDonnell Douglas MD11 da TAM?"
1207:, MD-11 HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near
3277:." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
2951:"McDonnell Douglas Unveils New MD-XX Trijet Design."
1301:, MD-11F Z-BAV (c/n 48408), crashed on takeoff from
1138:
As of March 2024, the MD-11 has been involved in 49
4018:
3972:
3891:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2055:
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 (Modern Civil Aircraft: 12)
1827:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1781:
176:
168:
157:
149:
144:
136:
112:
104:
86:
78:
65:
60:
39:
2809:"Garuda Indonesia Takes Delivery of First MD-11ER"
2263:
2261:
2259:
506:, an undisclosed customer, were canceled by 1988.
298:on the right is 181.6 ft (55.35 m) long.
3733:
3731:
3729:
3373:"FedEx plane crashes, explodes at Tokyo's Narita"
2885:"Douglas concentrates on proposal for MD-11 Twin"
2184:"Good Bye MD-11 -- Too Bad Nobody Ever Loved You"
2144:
2142:
376:at the McDonnell Douglas flight test facility in
3808:. Vol. 194, no. 5650. pp. 24–47.
2921:
2919:
2589:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1386:and nose gear collapse in a takeoff accident at
997:than the KC-10A. It was offered to the RNAF and
689:The last passenger MD-11 built was delivered to
2792:"Air France-KLM buys into streamlined Alitalia"
2268:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
1611:6,725 nmi (12,455 km; 7,739 mi)
1279:, Philippines. The aircraft was operating from
1167:while cruising over the Pacific Ocean near the
636:. MD-11 service in the U.S. was inaugurated by
258:(13,200 km; 8,210 mi). It features a
3788:McDonnell Douglas MD-11: A Long Beach Swansong
3597:Pasztor, Andy; Murphy, John (March 24, 2009).
2541:"McDonnell Douglas MD-11 - MSN 48780 - ET-AND"
2440:"SIA orders A340s and abandons MD-11 purchase"
2017:McDonnell Douglas MD-11: A Long Beach Swansong
1614:3,533 nmi (6,543 km; 4,066 mi)
215:occurred on January 10, 1990, and it achieved
4107:
3864:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3592:
3590:
2734:Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
1967:"Lufthansa Cargo schließt das Kapitel MD-11F"
1919:ER, 200,309 lb / 91,185 kg payload.
1728:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 deliveries (by year):
1163:when a crew member accidentally deployed the
969:(14), and other airlines with fewer aircraft.
889:(10), and other airlines with fewer aircraft.
862:The MD-11 was manufactured in five variants.
8:
2385:"Deal Set by McDonnell And General Dynamics"
2360:
2358:
1192:, MD-11 N611FE, crashed during a landing at
502:). Orders from Dragonair, Scandinavian, and
27:Wide body airliners developed from the DC-10
2010:
2008:
1392:Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
1081:fleet in July 2009, which ended its use by
705:, as well as external competition from the
541:, less than the 15% to 20% Boeing obtains.
4114:
4100:
4092:
3871:
3857:
3849:
2638:, (2007) National Academies Press, p. 40.
2409:
2407:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1375:which had been noticed by ground staff at
817:capability for bad-weather operations and
36:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
3502:"Blood dripping from plane leads to body"
3069:"Finnair sells Two Boeing MD-11 aircraft"
1388:Seoul-Incheon International Airport (ICN)
1127:for ASACO Aviation; both are now stored.
1041:List of McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operators
608:and then by truck to the assembly plant.
4136:
3360:Accident summary, Federal Express N581FE
2151:"KLM Starts to Say Goodbye to the MD-11"
1640:
1431:
809:, a Central Fault Display System, and a
230:configuration of the DC-10 with updated
4129:aircraft production timeline, 1950-2006
3753:
3751:
2686:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Avionics System
2658:"What's Wrong With the MD-11 Airplane?"
2495:Langley RC Computational Fluid Dynamics
2149:Brown, David Parker (August 24, 2012).
1937:
1876:
1497:: 200 ft 11 in / 61.2 m
1493:: 202 ft 2 in / 61.6 m,
1281:Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
1247:Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
767:by about 2.5%. The MD-11 has a smaller
4061:MD-91X / -92X / -94X
2582:
2345:"McDonnell Said to Plan Cut in Output"
2324:Ralph Vartabedian (November 9, 1990).
1778:
1532:
1015:McDonnell Douglas MD-12, MD-XX section
973:MD-11 Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF)
602:Lester B Pearson International Airport
199:manufactured by American manufacturer
3764:. FAA. April 30, 2018. Archived from
3479:
3477:
3431:Hradecky, Simon (November 28, 2009).
3327:Transportation Safety Board of Canada
3233:. Aviation-Safety.net, June 28, 2017.
3026:"Brazil's TAM introduces first MD-11"
2766:Fielder, John H. and Douglas Birsch.
2372:. Forecast International. April 2002.
2210:Tkacik, Maureen (18 September 2019).
1946:"KLM's MD-11 History Comes To An End"
1521:57 ft 11 in (17.65 m)
1303:Shanghai Pudong International Airport
739:The MD-11 is a medium- to long-range
7:
3527:Hradecky, Simon (16 February 2016).
3489:Aviation Week & Space Technology
3296:National Transportation Safety Board
3252:National Transportation Safety Board
3010:"FedEx takes American's MD-11 fleet"
2684:Sandell, Gordon R. A. (2000). "31".
2112:Pasztor, Andy (September 19, 2000).
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
1798:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 cutaway from
1535:: 630,500 lb / 285,988 kg
1194:Newark Liberty International Airport
681:After McDonnell Douglas merged with
3759:"Type Certificate Data Sheet A22WE"
3348:Accident summary, Korean Air HL7373
2815:. December 17, 1996. Archived from
2383:Hayes, Thomas C. (March 15, 1989).
1531:602,500 lb / 273,294 kg,
1115:Two MD-11s were also operated in a
4051:188 / 188E / 210
3835:"MD-11 Boeing Converted Freighter"
3231:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Statistics
2414:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999).
2343:Steven Greenhouse (Oct 21, 1992).
2305:Steven Greenhouse (Feb 22, 1987).
1570:260,275 lb / 118,061 kg
1567:283,975 lb / 128,808 kg
1474:21,530 cu.ft / 609.7 m³
1260:, an MD-11 operated by subsidiary
1029:Farnborough International Air Show
801:. Flight deck features include an
294:and a smaller tailplane while the
25:
2469:"Update fails to save SIA MD-lls"
2307:"Dicey Days at McDonnell Douglas"
1549:201,025 lb / 91,185 kg
1546:116,025 lb / 52,632 kg
1445:
1326:King Khalid International Airport
1157:China Eastern Airlines Flight 583
793:(CRT) display units and advanced
771:than the DC-10 it is based upon.
565:The first MD-11 was delivered to
557:Production and performance issues
537:over the program life for an 11%
2883:Norris, Guy (January 25, 1995).
2467:Norris, Guy (7–13 August 1991).
2015:Steffen, Arthur (January 2002).
1948:(Press release). KLM. 2014-10-26
1792:
1765:
1751:
1357:King Shaka International Airport
988:After McDonnell Douglas did the
720:later became Boeing's facility.
45:
3790:. Hinckley, UK: Midland, 2002.
2926:Thomas, Geoffrey (2023-02-08).
2289:Gross Domestic Product deflator
2182:Reed, Ted (November 15, 2014).
2053:Marriott, Leo (December 1992).
1787:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 cutaway
1622:43,000 ft (13,100 m)
1433:MD-11 airplane characteristics
1277:Subic Bay International Airport
1266:Hong Kong International Airport
1183:after the fire was extinguished
1150:Notable accidents and incidents
262:that eliminates the need for a
217:Federal Aviation Administration
3599:"FedEx Jet Has Control Issues"
3042:Sousa, Joselito (2016-03-09).
2656:Noland, David (May 11, 2010).
584:, control surface assembly in
1:
4474:1990s United States airliners
2270:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
1324:, an MD-11F, crash-landed at
858:received 19 passenger MD-11s.
830:stability augmentation system
819:Future Air Navigation Systems
494:) and two leasing companies (
4484:Aircraft first flown in 1990
3661:What's Wrong with the MD-11?
3409:Japan Transport Safety Board
3160:"Newsroom - Lufthansa Cargo"
2087:Steffen, Arthur A C (2001).
1973:(in German). 17 October 2021
1355:for a fuel stop en route to
1292:Narita International Airport
1290:, MD-11F N526FE, crashed at
1243:Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316
1231:properties of its metalized
1159:, an MD-11 went into severe
1001:(RSAF) in the 1990s and the
803:Electronic Instrument System
354:American Airlines Flight 191
2604:Larrimer, Bruce I. (2020).
1322:Lufthansa Cargo Flight 8460
1311:Manas International Airport
1264:, crashed while landing at
1005:(RAAF) in the early 2000s.
994:Royal Netherlands Air Force
513:and almost $ 1 billion for
350:Turkish Airlines Flight 981
98:Boeing Commercial Airplanes
4500:
4469:McDonnell Douglas aircraft
4433:
4427:
4421:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4390:
4383:
4370:
4366:
4341:
4071:High Speed Civil Transport
3121:Saudi Arabian Royal Flight
1299:Avient Aviation Flight 324
1038:
1012:
1003:Royal Australian Air Force
841:United Airlines Flight 232
747:, which has a two-segment
618:Joint Aviation Authorities
488:Thai Airways International
363:Nine-abreast economy class
29:
4417:
4405:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4134:
4079:
3829:MD-11 Historical Snapshot
3462:. Aviation Safety Network
2984:"New master of the loads"
2730:"McDonnell Douglas MD-11"
2239:"McDonnell-Douglas MD-11"
1791:
1786:
1629:
1627:Takeoff distance at MTOW
1621:
1600:
1592:
1577:
1556:
1530:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1489:
1481:
1454:
1414:critical phases of flight
1258:China Airlines Flight 642
953:MD-11F cargo door loading
811:Global Positioning System
44:
2740:(11): 7–10. 1990-01-01.
1470:26 96 × 125" pallets or
807:Flight Management System
535:manufacturing experience
4459:McDonnell Douglas MD-11
4409:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
4372:McDonnell Douglas MD-80
3604:The Wall Street Journal
2972:Arthur 2002, pp. 92–94.
2370:Civil Aircraft Forecast
2120:The Wall Street Journal
1821:McDonnell Douglas MD-12
1816:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
1288:FedEx Express Flight 80
1190:FedEx Express Flight 14
1181:FedEx Express Flight 14
1134:Accidents and incidents
984:Proposed tanker version
835:The MD-11 incorporates
755:resulting in a reduced
190:McDonnell Douglas MD-11
181:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
161:December 20, 1990 with
125:Western Global Airlines
18:McDonnell-Douglas MD-11
4343:McDonnell Douglas DC-9
4026:DC-7 (C-74 derivative)
3460:"Accident description"
1860:List of civil aircraft
1463:298: 16F + 56J + 226Y
1429:
1297:On November 28, 2009,
1203:On September 2, 1998,
1184:
1119:configuration, one by
1062:China Eastern Airlines
1056:
954:
916:
859:
821:(FANS) are available.
786:
778:Tail view of MD-11 of
736:
718:Long Beach, California
678:
575:Long Beach, California
570:
496:Guinness Peat Aviation
432:
410:maximum takeoff weight
382:Edwards Air Force Base
364:
299:
244:maximum takeoff weight
3362:. aviation-safety.net
3350:. aviation-safety.net
2127:on September 24, 2017
1855:List of jet airliners
1472:34 88 × 108" pallets
1427:
1178:
1146:with 244 fatalities.
1051:
999:Royal Saudi Air Force
949:
911:
854:
777:
731:
673:
564:
480:Scandinavian Airlines
430:
362:
289:
226:It retains the basic
4066:MD-12 / -XX
4036:DC-8 piston airliner
3805:Flight International
3030:Flight International
3014:Flight International
2963:, September 4, 1996.
2913:, 25–31 January 1995
2911:Flight International
2474:Flight International
2445:Flight International
1773:United States portal
1590:Maximum thrust (×3)
1583:General Electric CF6
1467:or 410Y, 10-abreast
1256:On August 22, 1999,
1221:entertainment system
1211:while en route from
1209:Halifax, Nova Scotia
1009:Undeveloped variants
640:the following year.
594:Torrance, California
369:Continental Airlines
4083:McDonnell 119 / 220
3771:on 3 November 2021.
3642:on 22 December 2022
3533:The Aviation Herald
3438:The Aviation Herald
3212:aviation-safety.net
3188:aviation-safety.net
3164:lufthansa-cargo.com
3032:, February 5, 2007.
2291:figures follow the
2156:AirlineReporter.com
1810:Related development
1803:via web.archive.org
1465:or 323: 34J + 289Y
1434:
1286:On March 23, 2009,
1241:On April 15, 1999,
1217:Geneva, Switzerland
1205:Swissair Flight 111
1144:hull-loss accidents
992:conversion for the
895:(five built): this
745:vertical stabilizer
582:St. Louis, Missouri
539:gross profit margin
386:Pratt & Whitney
203:(MDC) and later by
61:General information
4431:= Narrow-body jet
3560:. 16 February 2016
3508:. 15 February 2016
3255:. October 27, 1993
3145:2008-12-11 at the
3126:2008-12-23 at the
3073:asiatraveltips.com
2956:2011-11-06 at the
2843:2008-06-22 at the
2819:on August 26, 2017
2798:, 15 January 2009.
2570:flightlevel350.com
2500:2007-02-13 at the
2448:. 7–13 August 1991
2418:. MBI Publishing.
2390:The New York Times
2349:The New York Times
2311:The New York Times
1892:Excluding winglets
1432:
1430:
1320:On July 27, 2010,
1270:Tropical Storm Sam
1188:On July 31, 1997,
1185:
1155:On April 6, 1993,
1140:aviation incidents
1076:In February 2007,
1057:
1052:MD-11 operated by
955:
917:
860:
787:
737:
679:
649:Singapore Airlines
571:
460:British Caledonian
433:
367:In August 1981, a
365:
300:
197:wide-body airliner
32:Maryland Route 100
4446:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4425:= Piston-engined
4127:McDonnell Douglas
4089:
4088:
3884:McDonnell Douglas
3786:Steffen, Arthur.
3663:Popular Mechanics
3016:, April 19, 1995.
2961:McDonnell Douglas
2663:Popular Mechanics
2416:Douglas Jetliners
2330:Los Angeles Times
1807:
1806:
1725:
1724:
1634:
1633:
1262:Mandarin Airlines
1078:TAM Linhas Aéreas
1070:American Airlines
1023:After ending the
871:American Airlines
856:American Airlines
826:neutral stability
815:automatic landing
675:American Airlines
661:Dallas–Fort Worth
645:American Airlines
622:Yugoslav Airlines
606:Long Beach Harbor
600:, near Toronto's
201:McDonnell Douglas
186:
185:
158:Introduction date
93:McDonnell Douglas
16:(Redirected from
4491:
4437:= Wide-body jet
4436:
4430:
4424:
4137:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4093:
4041:DC-9 (4-engined)
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3817:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3635:. Archived from
3630:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3412:. April 26, 2013
3405:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3381:. March 22, 2009
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3156:
3150:
3137:
3131:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3048:Aviões e Músicas
3039:
3033:
3023:
3017:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2864:. 8 January 2016
2854:
2848:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2805:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2746:10.1108/eb037014
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2688:. CRC Press LLC.
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2653:
2647:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2235:
2220:
2219:
2216:The New Republic
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2123:. Archived from
2109:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2069:
2068:
2057:. Howell Press.
2050:
2031:
2030:
2012:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1865:List of aircraft
1801:Flightglobal.com
1796:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1740:
1641:
1534:
1447:
1435:
1428:MD-11 multi-view
1384:runway excursion
1179:The wreckage of
1169:Aleutian Islands
1142:, including ten
940:Garuda Indonesia
824:The MD-11 had a
813:. Category IIIB
791:cathode-ray tube
677:MD-11 front view
590:structural rings
450:Launch and costs
271:freight aircraft
172:January 10, 1990
108:In cargo service
49:
37:
21:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4464:Boeing aircraft
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4130:
4120:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4014:
3968:
3887:
3877:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3801:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3744:. Boeing. 2007.
3741:
3737:
3736:
3727:
3722:. Boeing. 2007.
3719:
3715:
3714:
3699:
3692:
3688:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3579:Ranter, Harro.
3578:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3483:Flottau, Jens.
3482:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3299:. July 25, 2000
3290:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3147:Wayback Machine
3140:Asasco Aviation
3138:
3134:
3128:Wayback Machine
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3050:(in Portuguese)
3041:
3040:
3036:
3024:
3020:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2958:Wayback Machine
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2932:Airline Ratings
2925:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2845:Wayback Machine
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2790:
2786:
2765:
2761:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2502:Wayback Machine
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2280:
2278:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2243:pilotfriend.com
2237:
2236:
2223:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2072:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2034:
2027:
2014:
2013:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1793:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:Aviation portal
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1639:
1602:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1422:
1401:
1399:Safety problems
1342:FedEx Flight 14
1338:FedEx Flight 80
1305:on a flight to
1229:flame retardant
1223:units added by
1152:
1136:
1043:
1037:
1017:
1011:
986:
967:Lufthansa Cargo
875:Delta Air Lines
849:
837:hydraulic fuses
765:fuel efficiency
726:
695:Lufthansa Cargo
638:Delta Air Lines
598:Malton, Ontario
586:Tulsa, Oklahoma
559:
468:Federal Express
452:
342:Airbus A330-300
330:Airbus A340-600
305:
284:
264:flight engineer
254:of up to 7,130
192:is an American
132:
129:Lufthansa Cargo
127:
123:
96:
79:National origin
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3892:Piston-engined
3889:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3831:
3824:
3823:External links
3821:
3819:
3818:
3799:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3747:
3725:
3697:
3686:
3665:
3653:
3626:"Letters 1993"
3617:
3586:
3571:
3545:
3519:
3493:
3473:
3451:
3423:
3392:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3310:
3279:
3266:
3235:
3223:
3199:
3175:
3151:
3132:
3113:
3101:
3086:
3075:. May 17, 2007
3060:
3034:
3018:
3002:
2974:
2965:
2943:
2915:
2903:
2875:
2849:
2830:
2800:
2796:Air Cargo News
2784:
2759:
2721:
2691:
2676:
2648:
2626:
2619:
2596:
2557:
2532:
2521:. June 3, 1998
2506:
2487:
2459:
2431:
2424:
2403:
2375:
2366:"Boeing MD-11"
2354:
2335:
2316:
2297:
2293:MeasuringWorth
2287:United States
2275:MeasuringWorth
2255:
2221:
2212:"Crash Course"
2202:
2169:
2138:
2104:
2097:
2070:
2063:
2032:
2025:
1984:
1958:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1843:Ilyushin Il-96
1840:
1835:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:External image
1777:
1776:
1762:
1746:
1743:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:Fuel capacity
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1421:
1420:Specifications
1418:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1380:
1377:Munich Airport
1349:Harare Airport
1345:
1318:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1254:
1239:
1201:
1173:
1172:
1151:
1148:
1135:
1132:
1098:Aeroflot-Cargo
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
985:
982:
977:
976:
970:
944:
943:
933:
906:
905:
897:combi aircraft
890:
883:Japan Airlines
848:
845:
784:Zurich airport
725:
722:
634:Canary Islands
592:fabricated in
558:
555:
531:flight testing
451:
448:
338:Boeing 777-200
304:
301:
283:
280:
256:nautical miles
184:
183:
178:
177:Developed from
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
119:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
90:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4496:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4397:
4386:
4380:
4373:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3843:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3796:1-85780-117-2
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3559:
3558:Business Wire
3555:
3549:
3546:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3520:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3149:. CH-Aviation
3148:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3130:. CH-Aviation
3129:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2876:
2863:
2862:Avgeekery.com
2859:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:0-7914-1087-0
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2709:
2705:
2704:Aero Magazine
2701:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2644:0-309-10497-1
2641:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2620:9781626830585
2616:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2546:
2545:airfleets.net
2542:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2425:0-7603-0676-1
2421:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2098:9781857801170
2094:
2091:. Ian Allan.
2090:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2064:0-7110-2071-X
2060:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:1-85780-117-2
2022:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:Related lists
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1763:
1760:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:Engines (×3)
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1452:Cockpit crew
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:New York City
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1054:FedEx Express
1050:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
983:
981:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:FedEx Express
960:
957:
956:
952:
948:
941:
937:
934:
931:
930:World Airways
926:
922:
919:
918:
914:
910:
903:
898:
894:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
857:
853:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:
781:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
735:
734:glass cockpit
730:
723:
721:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
684:
676:
672:
668:
666:
662:
656:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
568:
563:
556:
554:
552:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
529:, tools, and
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
444:
439:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Yuma, Arizona
375:
370:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
317:
313:
311:
302:
297:
293:
288:
281:
279:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
260:glass cockpit
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:maiden flight
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:(historical)
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:FedEx Express
115:
113:Primary users
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:United States
81:
77:
74:
71:
68:
64:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4413:
4385:Douglas DC-8
4352:MD-95 / B717
4334:Douglas DC-6
4009:
3803:
3787:
3780:Bibliography
3766:the original
3689:
3668:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3637:the original
3632:
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3602:
3574:
3562:. Retrieved
3557:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3532:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3505:
3496:
3488:
3466:November 28,
3464:. Retrieved
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3407:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3325:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3294:
3282:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3250:
3238:
3226:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:
3202:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:
3154:
3135:
3116:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3077:. Retrieved
3072:
3063:
3052:. Retrieved
3047:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:FlightGlobal
2987:
2977:
2968:
2960:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2910:
2906:
2894:. Retrieved
2890:FlightGlobal
2888:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2861:
2852:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2803:
2787:
2767:
2762:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2707:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2634:
2629:
2606:
2599:
2574:. Retrieved
2569:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2509:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2443:
2434:
2415:
2394:. Retrieved
2388:
2378:
2369:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2319:
2310:
2300:
2292:
2281:November 30,
2279:. Retrieved
2273:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2215:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2187:
2160:. Retrieved
2154:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:the original
2118:iasa.com.au
2117:
2107:
2088:
2054:
2016:
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1940:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1848:
1847:
1826:
1825:
1809:
1808:
1737:
1727:
1726:
1410:
1402:
1361:South Africa
1334:Saudi Arabia
1161:oscillations
1137:
1129:
1125:Mid East Jet
1114:
1095:
1093:, and TAM).
1075:
1058:
1044:
1022:
1018:
987:
978:
972:
958:
935:
920:
892:
866:
861:
834:
823:
788:
738:
715:
688:
680:
657:
642:
610:
579:
572:
543:
508:
453:
434:
422:
402:
398:RB.211-535F4
366:
346:A340-300/500
318:
314:
310:Boeing 747SP
306:
268:
225:
207:. Following
189:
187:
169:First flight
150:Manufactured
137:Number built
121:UPS Airlines
88:Manufacturer
73:jet airliner
4019:Never built
3973:Jet-engined
3683:. May 2011.
3646:22 February
2868:22 February
2813:PR Newswire
2710:(2). Boeing
2019:. Midland.
1833:Airbus A340
1479:Lower deck
1373:bird strike
757:wetted area
707:Airbus A330
653:Airbus A340
527:engineering
511:development
394:Rolls-Royce
332:. Like the
282:Development
100:(1997–2000)
4453:Categories
4081:See also:
4056:Model 2229
4046:DC-10 Twin
3444:August 25,
3416:August 25,
3385:August 25,
3333:August 27,
3303:August 27,
3259:August 27,
3217:2024-03-01
3193:2024-03-01
3169:2021-10-23
3079:August 25,
3054:2016-05-06
2995:August 25,
2937:2023-06-02
2896:August 25,
2823:August 25,
2772:SUNY Press
2770:, p. 261.
2669:August 25,
2576:2024-03-01
2550:August 25,
2525:August 25,
2480:August 25,
2452:August 25,
2396:August 25,
2248:August 25,
2195:August 25,
2162:August 25,
2131:August 25,
1952:2019-02-04
1927:References
1838:Boeing 777
1741:Deliveries
1637:Deliveries
1460:Main deck
1315:Kyrgyzstan
1236:insulation
1198:New Jersey
1085:airlines (
1066:Korean Air
799:Boeing 717
699:Boeing 767
476:Korean Air
438:Boeing 767
95:(1988–97)
4396:MDD MD-90
3886:airliners
3814:0015-3710
3610:March 24,
3111:. KLM.com
3098:USA Today
2754:0002-2667
1971:Flugrevue
1932:Citations
1585:-80C2D1F
1110:Amsterdam
1083:Brazilian
1035:Operators
925:Martinair
913:Martinair
805:, a dual
795:Honeywell
769:empennage
761:form drag
753:tailplane
732:Two-crew
665:Hong Kong
519:inventory
464:Dragonair
324:'s later
234:-80C2 or
153:1988–2000
70:Wide-body
3739:"MD-11F"
3633:ntsb.gov
3506:IOL News
3143:Archived
3124:Archived
2954:Archived
2841:Archived
2774:, 1992.
2585:cite web
2498:Archived
2295:series.
1745:See also
1619:Ceiling
1438:Variant
1353:Zimbabwe
1225:Swissair
1106:Montréal
951:Aeroflot
902:Alitalia
879:Swissair
847:Variants
780:Swissair
741:widebody
630:Tenerife
626:Helsinki
551:deferred
484:Swissair
456:Alitalia
414:CF6-80C2
292:winglets
248:fuselage
240:winglets
4479:Trijets
4123:Douglas
3919:Dolphin
3880:Douglas
3844:. 2008.
3717:"MD-11"
3564:31 July
3538:31 July
3512:31 July
3378:Reuters
2714:29 June
1977:23 July
1739:
1542:payload
1518:Height
1487:Length
1482:32 LD3
1369:Germany
1307:Bishkek
1268:during
936:MD-11ER
921:MD-11CF
667:route.
632:in the
567:Finnair
515:tooling
472:Finnair
340:or the
326:777-300
303:Origins
221:Finnair
194:tri-jet
163:Finnair
145:History
4435:
4429:
4423:
4155:2000s
4152:1990s
4149:1980s
4146:1970s
4143:1960s
4140:1950s
3842:Boeing
3812:
3794:
3681:Boeing
2847:Boeing
2778:
2752:
2642:
2617:
2519:Boeing
2422:
2189:Forbes
2095:
2061:
2023:
1680:Total
1608:Range
1598:Speed
1581:/62 /
1579:PW4460
1502:Width
1441:MD-11
1365:Munich
1330:Riyadh
1121:Saudia
990:KDC-10
965:(22),
959:MD-11F
893:MD-11C
885:(10),
881:(16),
877:(17),
873:(19),
749:rudder
724:Design
691:Sabena
683:Boeing
588:, and
547:charge
500:Mitsui
490:, and
418:PW4000
405:KC-10A
392:) and
390:PW2037
322:Boeing
242:. Its
236:PW4000
232:GE CF6
228:trijet
205:Boeing
105:Status
4414:MD-11
4031:DC-7D
4010:MD-11
4005:DC-10
4000:MD-95
3995:MD-90
3990:MD-80
3944:DC-4E
3838:(PDF)
3769:(PDF)
3762:(PDF)
3742:(PDF)
3720:(PDF)
3677:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3629:(PDF)
3404:(PDF)
3322:(PDF)
3291:(PDF)
3247:(PDF)
2611:(PDF)
1871:Notes
1677:2001
1674:2000
1671:1999
1668:1998
1665:1997
1662:1996
1659:1995
1656:1994
1653:1993
1650:1992
1647:1991
1644:1990
1540:Max.
1510:Wing
1444:MD-11
1363:from
1251:Seoul
1233:mylar
1165:slats
1087:Varig
1025:MD-12
867:MD-11
492:VARIG
443:ETOPS
296:DC-10
252:range
209:DC-10
53:DC-10
40:MD-11
4361:DC-7
4125:and
3985:DC-9
3980:DC-8
3964:DC-7
3959:DC-6
3954:DC-5
3949:DC-4
3939:DC-3
3934:DC-2
3929:DC-1
3882:and
3810:ISSN
3792:ISBN
3648:2023
3612:2009
3566:2018
3540:2018
3514:2018
3468:2009
3446:2017
3418:2017
3387:2017
3335:2017
3305:2017
3261:2017
3081:2017
2997:2017
2898:2017
2870:2023
2825:2017
2776:ISBN
2750:ISSN
2716:2022
2671:2017
2640:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2591:link
2552:2017
2527:2017
2482:2017
2454:2017
2420:ISBN
2398:2017
2283:2023
2250:2017
2197:2017
2164:2017
2133:2017
2093:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2021:ISBN
1979:2024
1721:200
1527:MTOW
1455:Two
1340:and
1091:VASP
1064:and
759:and
711:A340
701:and
523:A340
517:and
498:and
380:and
374:NASA
352:and
334:DC-8
328:and
188:The
66:Type
3914:M-4
3909:M-3
3904:M-2
3899:M-1
2742:doi
1709:12
1706:12
1703:15
1700:18
1697:17
1694:36
1691:42
1688:31
1563:OEW
1406:FAA
1328:in
1249:to
1215:to
1117:VIP
1108:to
1102:KLM
887:KLM
782:at
713:.
703:777
628:to
614:FAA
504:UTA
416:or
275:KLM
140:200
4455::
4328:6
4307:9
4277:9
4247:9
4217:9
4187:9
3924:DF
3840:.
3750:^
3728:^
3700:^
3679:.
3631:.
3601:.
3589:^
3556:.
3531:.
3504:.
3487:.
3476:^
3435:.
3406:.
3375:.
3324:.
3293:.
3249:.
3210:.
3186:.
3162:.
3096:.
3071:.
3028:.
3012:.
2986:.
2930:.
2918:^
2887:.
2860:.
2811:.
2794:.
2748:.
2738:62
2736:.
2732:.
2706:.
2702:.
2660:.
2613:.
2587:}}
2583:{{
2568:.
2543:.
2517:.
2471:.
2442:.
2406:^
2387:.
2368:.
2357:^
2347:.
2328:.
2309:.
2272:.
2258:^
2241:.
2224:^
2214:.
2186:.
2172:^
2153:.
2141:^
2116:.
2073:^
2035:^
1987:^
1969:.
1718:2
1715:4
1712:8
1685:3
1533:ER
1495:PW
1491:GE
1416:.
1367:,
1359:,
1351:,
1332:,
1313:,
1196:,
1089:,
843:.
486:,
482:,
478:,
474:,
470:,
466:,
462:,
458:,
266:.
4325:5
4322:4
4319:3
4316:2
4313:1
4310:0
4304:8
4301:7
4298:6
4295:5
4292:4
4289:3
4286:2
4283:1
4280:0
4274:8
4271:7
4268:6
4265:5
4262:4
4259:3
4256:2
4253:1
4250:0
4244:8
4241:7
4238:6
4235:5
4232:4
4229:3
4226:2
4223:1
4220:0
4214:8
4211:7
4208:6
4205:5
4202:4
4199:3
4196:2
4193:1
4190:0
4184:8
4181:7
4178:6
4175:5
4172:4
4169:3
4166:2
4163:1
4160:0
4115:e
4108:t
4101:v
3872:e
3865:t
3858:v
3816:.
3798:.
3650:.
3614:.
3583:.
3568:.
3542:.
3516:.
3470:.
3448:.
3420:.
3389:.
3337:.
3307:.
3273:"
3263:.
3220:.
3196:.
3172:.
3083:.
3057:.
2999:.
2940:.
2900:.
2872:.
2827:.
2782:.
2756:.
2744::
2718:.
2708:1
2673:.
2646:.
2623:.
2593:)
2579:.
2554:.
2529:.
2504:.
2484:.
2456:.
2428:.
2400:.
2351:.
2332:.
2313:.
2285:.
2252:.
2218:.
2199:.
2166:.
2135:.
2101:.
2067:.
2029:.
1981:.
1955:.
1446:F
1344:.
1309:-
1238:.
709:/
663:-
396:(
388:(
344:/
55:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
