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walls of the sugarhouse define a rectangular building with three rooms aligned in a row, and two porches off the central room. The McIntosh sugar mill's three rooms were each used for a separate step of the process, making sugar production there a streamlined operation. The central room had a packed
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The processing of the sugar was another story, as the large sugarhouse attests. The construction of the sugarhouse alone required a large amount of materials and labor. Thomas
Spalding estimated that one enslaved laborer could take cane from two acres in two months. The enslaved people cut the cane,
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was a lucrative crop, especially for large plantations. At that time in the
Georgia lowcountry large-scale planting focused on rice, and comparatively sugar required "a different growing regimen, but not a different kind of plantation." For John Houstoun McIntosh, sugar added an additional cash crop
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After McIntosh's death in 1836, New Canaan was sold to one
Caroline Hallowes in 1840. The Hallowes changed the name of the plantation to Bollingbrook and lived there until after the Civil War. During the war, Colonel Hallowes planted cane and made sugar, and also used the tabby sugar works as a
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was drained off. The middle room had an earthen instead of wooden floor due to the high temperatures and open flame used to boil the syrup. The boiling operation there involved multiple kettles that allowed for the different stages of condensing the juice into syrup.
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In the last room, the syrup was poured into containers where it was allowed to crystallize into granular sugar. The molasses was then poured out of the finished sugar. Both the sugar crystals and molasses were salable goods and the
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Eubanks. Intensive Archaeological Testing at the John Houstoun McIntosh Sugarhouse--Camden County, Georgia. Atlanta: State of Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Section,
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Attempts to grow sugar in North
America likely began during the early 1700s. Sugar became an economically successful crop in the southern United States by the end of the eighteenth century.
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369:"the first horizontal cane mill worked by cattle power." Horizontal mills were a relatively new innovation in sugar production in the 1820s, and McIntosh's was purchased from the
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For many years it was believed that the "tabby ruins" were the site of an old
Spanish mission. Other tabby sugarhouses in the area include that at Elizafield Plantation on
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In the middle room, the extracted juice was boiled and clarified into a syrup. The syrup was then allowed to crystallize into granules and the
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Thomas Hales
Eubanks. Intensive Archaeological Testing at the John Houstoun McIntosh Sugarhouse--Camden County, Georgia. Atlanta: State of
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recommended a sugar mill design to McIntosh in 1825, and John
Hamilton Couper stated the McIntosh mill was already in production by 1829.
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earth floor, while the two end rooms had wooden floors built off the ground supported by the tabby walls.
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Industrial buildings and structures on the
National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
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Observations on the Method of
Planting and Cultivating the Sugar Cane in Georgia and South Carolina.
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509:. Atlanta: State of Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Section, 1985.
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Intensive Archaeological Testing at the John Houstoun McIntosh Sugarhouse--Camden County, Georgia
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after the War of 1812, when he established a permanent residence at Mariana Plantation on the
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Agricultural Society of South Carolina ,1816. For a transcription see E. Merton Coulter.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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The eastern room contained the mill used to crush the cane to extract the sweet
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stripped the leaves, and placed it on flat carts which hauled it to the mills.
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could be dried and used to fuel the boiling room or used for animal feed.
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Camden County, Georgia
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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architecture and represent an industrial component of southeastern
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National Register of Historic Places in Camden County, Georgia
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to his plantations without adding much additional cost.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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John Houstoun McIntosh Sugarworks historical marker
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1075:Buildings and structures in Camden County, Georgia
1090:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
642:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1034:National Register of Historic Places portal
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487:. University of North Carolina Press, 1937.
337:Sugar production at the McIntosh Sugarworks
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545:Tabby Sugar Works of John Houston McIntosh
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582:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
306:John Houstoun McIntosh began planting in
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503:Georgia Department of Natural Resources
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467:. University of Georgia Press. 2002.
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268:National Register of Historic Places
204:. They are a significant example of
117:Ga. Spur 40, 6 mi. N of St. Marys,
997:National Historic Preservation Act
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539:John Houstoun McIntosh Sugarhouse
282:John Houstoun McIntosh marker in
200:, was built in the late 1820s by
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452:History of Camden County Georgia
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220:, on Charlie Smith Highway, at
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218:Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay
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286:, USA (not at the Sugarworks)
104:Show map of the United States
326:starch in large quantities.
16:United States historic place
465:What Nature Suffers to Groe
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1002:Historic Preservation Fund
981:American Legation, Morocco
322:starch factory, producing
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943:Lists by associated state
170:NRHP reference
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924:Northern Mariana Islands
485:Georgia’s Disputed Ruins
408:Republic of East Florida
284:McIntosh County, Georgia
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902:Lists by insular areas
616:Keeper of the Register
308:Camden County, Georgia
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210:plantation agriculture
202:John Houstoun McIntosh
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239:30.79310°N 81.57712°W
165:1 acre (0.40 ha)
146:30.79333°N 81.57889°W
976:District of Columbia
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244:30.79310; -81.57712
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194:McIntosh Sugarworks
151:30.79333; -81.57889
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79:Show map of Georgia
371:West Point Foundry
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270:on April 2, 1992.
260:St. Marys, Georgia
198:St. Marys, Georgia
119:St. Marys, Georgia
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969:Other areas
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678:Connecticut
242: /
214:Tabby Ruins
149: /
125:Coordinates
1059:Categories
878:Washington
798:New Mexico
793:New Jersey
668:California
414:References
302:Front side
256:sugar mill
230:81°34′38″W
227:30°47′35″N
137:81°34′44″W
134:30°47′36″N
888:Wisconsin
853:Tennessee
758:Minnesota
733:Louisiana
343:Sugarcane
324:arrowroot
1044:Category
873:Virginia
823:Oklahoma
803:New York
778:Nebraska
768:Missouri
753:Michigan
743:Maryland
728:Kentucky
708:Illinois
683:Delaware
673:Colorado
663:Arkansas
397:See also
382:molasses
375:New York
177:92000167
114:Location
990:Related
893:Wyoming
868:Vermont
773:Montana
713:Indiana
693:Georgia
688:Florida
658:Arizona
648:Alabama
454:. 1914.
391:bagasse
274:History
196:, near
828:Oregon
783:Nevada
723:Kansas
698:Hawaii
653:Alaska
589:Topics
212:. The
960:Palau
858:Texas
738:Maine
703:Idaho
519:1985.
363:juice
355:tabby
914:Guam
863:Utah
818:Ohio
718:Iowa
192:The
162:Area
373:in
262:in
172:No.
1061::
492:^
472:^
436:.
430:.
333:.
251:.
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574:e
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
