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is described as a baker at 12 Antigua Street and 2 East London Street, both also near his home in
Broughton Street. In 1875, the business was expanded to 23 and 24 Queensferry Street where McVitie is described as a baker and confectioner. In 1881, his eldest son, also Robert (1854–1910), was in charge of the Queensferry Street business while the other properties remained in his name until 1884 although he died in 1883. In the same year Robert junior also occupied 8 and 9 Merchant Street. In 1887, he employed
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biscuit to a smaller size to accommodate the London taste. The original Gorgie factory burned down in 1894, but was rebuilt the same year to a much improved technical standard. It remained operative until 1969 when production ceased and operations were transferred to the
English sites which had been
330:
McVitie's is first described as a "baker and confectioner" rather than a provision shop in 1856 at 5 Charlotte Place. He used the basement area below the shop as the bakery. By 1865, the bakery had moved to 47 London Street just round the corner from his flat at 76 Broughton Street. In 1870, McVitie
346:
In the late 19th century it was decided to split the operations of the business, with retail made a separate company. In 1898, McVitie rebranded the company as McVities, Guest and Co (usually McVities) after joining with his brother-in-law Edward Graham Guest. In 1903, they built the McVities Guest
592:
In June 2014, McVitie's announced their intention to make 157 shop floor roles redundant at their
Stockport manufacturing facility. This redundancy announcement was due to the modernisation agenda of the company and involved a move from an 8-hour 5-day operation to a 12-hour 7-day operation. In
414:
in
Edinburgh. After his death, McVitie & Price Limited was incorporated as a joint–stock limited company in 1911 placing Alexander Grant as managing director and principal share-holder. The firm acquired the Edinburgh bakery of Simon Henderson & Sons in 1922.
435:
McVitie & Price merged with another
Scottish bakery company, Macfarlane, Lang & Co., Ltd, in 1948 to become United Biscuits Group. McVitie's brand products are manufactured in five United Kingdom factories: the two former McVitie & Price factories in
29:
491:. The biscuit was given its name because it was thought that its high baking soda content served as an aid to food digestion. Grant later became managing director of the company. In 1923, he was the main benefactor in establishing the
651:. The cake was over 7 feet (2 metres) high and cost 140 guineas. It was viewed by 14,000 people and was wonderful publicity for the company. They received many commissions for royal wedding cakes and christening cakes.
620:
biscuits). In 2022, McVitie's ended 192 years of heritage and closed their last factory in
Scotland, completely cutting ties with the brand's Scottish roots. The same year, McVitie's became the main sponsor of
323:. In 1835, he moved to the adjacent building at 129 Rose Street. It was called a "provision Shop". In 1843, he opened a second shop at 14 Charlotte Place (later renamed Randolph Place) just west of
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514:
of
Britain’s new Labour Government, admitted that Grant had given him a Daimler car and £30,000 of shares in McVitie's. Grant had been MacDonald’s childhood friend, and shortly after received a
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as a salesman. His success in this role led to a partnership in 1888 to create McVitie & Price. In 1888, they built the huge St
Andrews Biscuit Works on Robertson Avenue in the
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518:(hereditary knighthood) from the prime minister. The affair, regarded by many as corruption by the prime minister, severely shook the government.
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In 2020, sales of McVitie's biscuits in the United
Kingdom were more than five times their closest two competitors in the biscuit category (
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2009:
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207:. The company moved to various sites in the city before completing the St. Andrews Biscuit Works factory on Robertson Avenue in the
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Although not their core operation it is noteworthy that McVitie's were commissioned in 1893 to create a wedding cake for the
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2002:
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339:, an experienced biscuit maker, to aid him. He was employed as foreman of the bakery but left to set up his own bakery in
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699:(plain pictured) were launched in 1985. The chocolate version (first produced in 1987) ranks high in polls for dunking.
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giving an endowment of £100,000. Grant donated a further £100,000 in 1928 to assist with the building of the
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1983:
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In 1891, the London salesman for the company George
Andrews Brown persuaded the company to redesign their
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The company also established one in Glasgow and two large manufacturing plants south of the border, in
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The McVitie's Chocolate Homewheat Digestive was created in 1925. Over 71 million packets of McVitie's
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2025:
983:
802:
594:
360:
266:. In 2020, sales of McVitie's biscuits in the UK were more than five times the next two competitors.
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Wallop, Harry (6 May 2012). "Jaffa Cakes - definitely not biscuits - prepare to take on imitators".
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UK, India, Italy, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, the Netherlands, Israel, Egypt, Sweden
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181:
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230:. There are five McVitie's factories in the UK, with each producing a different types of
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rather than at his home 12 Greenhill Gardens in south Edinburgh. He is commemorated in
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district of south-west Edinburgh. Price left in 1910 following the death of Robert.
28:
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666:, which was served at the wedding breakfast. McVitie's were commissioned to make a
659:
648:
577:, Rich tea, and Hobnobs ranked the country's top three favourite biscuits in 2009.
247:
2420:
250:. The best-selling biscuit manufacturer in the United Kingdom, McVitie's produces
1138:
The factory, which covers more than 10 acres, produces 2,000 Jaffa Cakes a minute
627:. In 2023, McVitie's struck a deal to sponsor English championship football club
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399:, north-west London in 1902 which is the largest biscuit factory in the UK, and
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are eaten in the United Kingdom each year, equating to 52 biscuits per second.
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444:; a former Macfarlane, Lang & Co. factory named Victoria Biscuit Works in
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1273:"A journey through the McVitie's factory behind Britain's favourite biscuit"
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called it a “British masterpiece”. It is the UK's most popular biscuit to
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in 1809. He served an apprenticeship with a baker and in 1834 he moved to
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1593:"Jaffa Cakes and McVitie's maker sold to Turkish food group in £2bn deal"
1277:
894:
789:
754:
644:
598:
585:
565:. In 2009, McVitie's biscuits were voted as the most popular biscuits to
554:
391:
308:
263:
204:
75:
1690:"Hull City secure major new sponsorship deal with iconic brand McVities"
456:; and the McVitie's Cake Co. factory (formerly Riley's Toffee Works) in
2649:
2515:
2365:
2300:
2290:
2275:
2260:
2098:
1962:
1786:"United Bars are the eighties sweets we need to see back on our shelves
1246:“Macvitties Guest & Co / McVities Guest & Co shop and tea room”
770:
737:
617:
613:
549:
in 2002, but they were replaced in 2005 with a restyled version of the
445:
231:
1665:"Britains Got Talent is proud to welcome new series sponsor, McVities"
1557:"Jaffa Cakes - definitely not biscuits - prepare to take on imitators"
940:
819:
2510:
2480:
2325:
2270:
2210:
2039:
606:
593:
November 2014, United Biscuits and hence also McVitie's were sold to
364:
336:
227:
208:
117:
1148:
1146:
580:
1445:"National Biscuit Day: a chequered history of McVitie's Digestives"
1080:"See how chocolate digestives are made at a London biscuit factory"
487:, created in 1892 by a new young employee at the company named Sir
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1810:
1354:
1352:
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881:
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690:
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422:
369:
315:. He initially lived and worked at 130 Rose Street, just north of
298:
278:
1994:
2818:
2664:
2320:
537:
were ranked the best selling cake or biscuit in the UK in 2012.
2124:
1998:
1814:
2330:
483:
McVitie & Price's first major biscuit was the McVitie's
1428:"Chocolate digestive is nation's favourite dunking biscuit"
169:
151:
2152:
Selected royal warrant holders of the British royal family
545:
Some of the products in the McVitie's line were rebranded
1640:"McVitie's closure: Scots bakers lose jobs with heritage"
163:
823:
Classed a cake in a UK court ruling, McVitie's launched
601:
which in 2016 merged some of its subsidiaries including
1301:"Harlesden: The last of the inner-city London suburbs"
374:
An early 20th century McVitie & Price's Digestive
128:
406:
Robert McVitie died married but childless in 1910 in
172:
154:
452:
factory named The Biscuit Works established 1831 in
303:
Memorial to Robert McVitie, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh
166:
160:
2793:
2609:
2199:
2158:
2065:
2032:
1971:
1865:
1848:
641:
royal wedding of the Duke of York and Princess Mary
157:
148:
123:
111:
101:
89:
81:
56:
46:
38:
1544:The World Cup Of Everything: Bringing the fun home
1470:"History Cook: the rise of the chocolate biscuit"
676:Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
654:In 1947, McVitie & Price made the principal
991:, a licensed manufacturer of McVitie's biscuits
1715:"Sixty facts about a royal marriage (item 43)"
1504:Twentieth-Century Britain: A Political History
2136:
2010:
1826:
1108:"Biscuits: Taste for nostalgia grows biccies"
1030:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
886:Mini Cheddars ("original" and "BBQ" flavours)
707:McVitie's-branded Club mint flavoured biscuit
8:
2943:Food and drink companies established in 1830
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1299:Marketer, The Conscious (31 December 2020).
533:variant followed in 1987. Launched in 1927,
21:
351:(on the corner of South Charlotte Street).
238:site in north-west London manufactures the
2938:Manufacturing companies based in Edinburgh
2143:
2129:
2121:
2017:
2003:
1995:
1833:
1819:
1811:
1049:
1047:
20:
343:but he failed and returned to McVitie's.
242:. Under United Biscuits McVitie's held a
180:) is a British snack food brand owned by
1102:
1100:
1027:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
925:Nibbles (Digestive and Hobnob varieties)
471:. First produced in 1925, travel writer
359:In 1875, the company had been joined by
184:. The name is derived from the original
1259:"McVitie's History | McVitie's UK"
1001:
1774:"McVitie's launches Tasties biscuits"
658:for Princess Elizabeth (future Queen
553:brand logo. In 2007, United Biscuits
275:Early history; McVities, Guest and Co
33:The McVitie's logo as updated in 2005
7:
2913:Food and drink companies of Scotland
1806:United Biscuits - page on McVitie's.
1612:"World domination takes the biscuit"
1563:(London). Retrieved 28 December 2014
1324:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1909
1224:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1884
1215:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1881
1206:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1875
1197:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1870
1188:Edinburgh Post Office directory 1865
1179:Edinburgh Post office directory 1843
1170:edinburgh Post Office directory 1836
1161:Edinburgh Post Office directory 1834
1152:Made in Scotland, by Carol Foreman
14:
1519:. United Biscuits. Archived from
1398:. United Biscuits. Archived from
1055:The National Archives of Scotland
2887:
2886:
2617:(Prior to becoming king in 2022)
2190:
2183:
2176:
953:
939:
810:V.I.Bs (Very Important Biscuits)
419:1948–2001; United Biscuits Group
144:
27:
2948:1830 establishments in Scotland
1741:"Prince William's Groom's Cake"
1574:"157 jobs could go at McVities"
1358:Made in Scotland, Carol Foreman
588:biscuits were launched in 1891.
355:1875–1947; McVitie & Price
1:
2953:British royal warrant holders
1591:Wood, Zoe (3 November 2014).
1502:William D Rubinstein (2003).
989:Sunshine Biscuits (Australia)
254:and popular biscuits such as
2601:Worcestershire Medal Service
541:2002–present; Recent history
529:were launched in 1985 and a
493:National Library of Scotland
62:; 194 years ago
16:British brand of snack foods
1762:"McVitie's Fruit Shortcake"
979:Jacob Fruitfield Food Group
307:Robert McVitie was born in
2979:
1335:"McVitie & Price, Ltd"
1059:"McVitie & Price, Ltd"
928:Victoria Biscuit Selection
561:for biscuit production in
380:Victoria and Albert Museum
195:., established in 1830 on
2882:
2797:HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
2411:John Lewis & Partners
2174:
1234:“McVitie's, Guest and Co”
914:McVities Digestive Slices
26:
2571:Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
2849:James Purdey & Sons
2700:James Purdey & Sons
2401:James Purdey & Sons
1984:United Biscuits Network
1578:Manchester Evening News
1542:Osman, Richard (2017).
557:the McVitie's brand to
2933:United Biscuits brands
1248:. Scottish Architects.
887:
828:
708:
700:
589:
559:Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd
480:
432:
387:
386:were launched in 1892.
304:
296:
2844:Holland & Holland
2824:Ede & Ravenscroft
2801:(Deceased April 2021)
2690:Holland & Holland
2670:Ede & Ravenscroft
2660:Crabtree & Evelyn
2630:Anderson and Sheppard
2346:Ede & Ravenscroft
2216:Abels Moving Services
2104:DeMet's Candy Company
984:Huntley & Palmers
961:United Kingdom portal
885:
822:
807:United (discontinued)
740:, including Boasters.
706:
694:
583:
466:
427:McVitie's factory in
426:
373:
302:
283:McVitie's factory in
282:
190:McVitie & Price,
2963:History of Edinburgh
2765:Turnbull & Asser
2760:Taylors of Harrogate
2486:Procter & Gamble
2396:Henry Poole & Co
2306:Charbonnel et Walker
1580:. 19 September 2014.
1434:(London). 2 May 2009
778:Marie finger biscuit
728:Chocolate Digestives
624:Britain's Got Talent
575:chocolate digestives
523:chocolate digestives
361:Charles Edward Price
291:produces over 2,000
256:chocolate digestives
240:chocolate digestives
2874:Truefitt & Hill
2834:Gieves & Hawkes
2785:Winsor & Newton
2680:Gieves & Hawkes
2536:Steinway & Sons
2441:Martini & Rossi
2371:Gieves & Hawkes
2351:Fortnum & Mason
1561:The Daily Telegraph
1506:, Palgrave. p. 146.
1493:Macmillan, p.238-52
1432:The Daily Telegraph
1134:The Daily Telegraph
847:Jamaica Ginger Cake
469:chocolate digestive
431:, north-west London
347:Tearoom at 135/136
341:Inverness, Scotland
23:
2794:By Appointment to
2610:By Appointment to
2466:Moët & Chandon
2296:Carphone Warehouse
2203:Queen Elizabeth II
2200:By Appointment to
2159:By Appointment to
2050:Godiva Chocolatier
1721:. 18 November 2007
888:
829:
709:
701:
664:Philip Mountbatten
643:, who became King
590:
481:
442:Stockport, England
438:Harlesden, England
433:
388:
305:
297:
211:district in 1888.
2900:
2899:
2586:Wilkin & Sons
2446:McIlhenny Company
2436:Mappin & Webb
2246:Axminster Carpets
2118:
2117:
1992:
1991:
1792:, 9 February 2016
1638:Fraser, Douglas.
1368:United Biscuits.
1037:978-0-521-15255-6
751:Digestives Lights
668:chocolate biscuit
573:, with McVitie's
454:Carlisle, England
378:, located in the
137:
136:
2970:
2890:
2889:
2864:Lyle & Scott
2194:
2187:
2180:
2162:King Charles III
2145:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2095:Delacre Biscuits
2019:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1793:
1783:
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1675:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1610:Walsh, Dominic.
1607:
1601:
1600:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1564:
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1539:
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1523:on 9 August 2007
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1412:
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1407:
1392:
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1376:on 27 April 2020
1372:. Archived from
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1313:
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1042:
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1006:
963:
958:
957:
956:
949:
944:
943:
865:Moments Brownies
599:Istanbul, Turkey
508:Ramsay MacDonald
501:George IV Bridge
497:National Library
458:Halifax, England
382:, London. Plain
325:Charlotte Square
179:
178:
175:
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133:
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70:
68:
63:
31:
24:
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2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2928:Scottish brands
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2878:
2814:Boots Opticians
2799:
2795:
2789:
2770:Vauxhall Motors
2615:
2611:
2605:
2566:Vauxhall Motors
2561:United Biscuits
2546:Tate & Lyle
2341:Elizabeth Arden
2201:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2119:
2114:
2061:
2055:United Biscuits
2028:
2023:
1993:
1988:
1979:Boland's Bakery
1967:
1861:
1844:
1842:United Biscuits
1839:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1738:
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1713:
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1708:
1698:
1696:
1694:Hull Daily Mail
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1590:
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1567:
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1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:Financial Times
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1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1402:on 24 June 2007
1396:"Our Locations"
1394:
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1236:. Graces Guide.
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603:United Biscuits
597:, a company in
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489:Alexander Grant
421:
395:established at
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1800:External links
1798:
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1790:The Daily Edge
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1546:. Hachette UK.
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974:Fox's Biscuits
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969:Burton's Foods
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531:milk chocolate
512:prime minister
503:in Edinburgh.
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673:
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635:Wedding cakes
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2869:Penhaligon's
2800:
2735:Penhaligon's
2635:Aston Martin
2616:
2461:Molton Brown
2450:
2072:
1932:
1873:Abbey Crunch
1789:
1781:
1769:
1764:. McVitie's.
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1699:27 September
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:
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1621:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1597:The Guardian
1596:
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1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1511:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1431:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1363:
1339:. Retrieved
1329:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
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1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1025:
1022:Esling, John
1018:Setter, Jane
1014:Roach, Peter
1004:
911:Krackawheats
878:Other snacks
857:Golden Syrup
713:Abbey Crunch
672:groom's cake
660:Elizabeth II
656:wedding cake
653:
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520:
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499:premises on
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248:Elizabeth II
213:
189:
139:
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90:Headquarters
39:Company type
18:
2740:Peter Jones
2695:Jaguar Cars
2526:Silverspoon
2501:Robertson's
2406:Jaguar Cars
2331:DHL Express
2316:Dairy Crest
1943:Peek Freans
1923:Jaffa Cakes
1898:Happy Faces
1856:Murat Ülker
1517:"McVitie's"
947:Food portal
843:Jaffa Cakes
833:Carrot Cake
825:Jaffa Cakes
763:Ginger Nuts
717:All Butter
535:Jaffa Cakes
473:Bill Bryson
448:; a former
408:Berkhamsted
376:biscuit tin
293:Jaffa Cakes
252:Jaffa Cakes
246:from Queen
197:Rose Street
103:Area served
2907:Categories
2859:Land Rover
2745:Ritz Hotel
2730:Parker Pen
2710:Land Rover
2625:Ainsworths
2476:Parker Pen
2426:Land Rover
2221:Ainsworths
2108:Crawford's
1913:Hula Hoops
1888:Crawford's
1858:(Chairman)
1849:Key people
1725:15 January
1380:6 November
1112:The Grocer
1064:2 November
996:References
902:Blissfills
869:Tunis Cake
862:Mini Rolls
850:Lemon Cake
838:Fruit cake
747:Digestives
719:Shortbread
695:McVitie's
670:cake as a
647:and Queen
584:McVitie's
467:McVitie's
401:Manchester
384:digestives
224:Park Royal
42:Subsidiary
2854:John Lobb
2839:Hatchards
2715:Laphroaig
2705:John Lobb
2685:Hatchards
2541:Tanqueray
2521:Schweppes
2506:Robinsons
2451:McVitie's
2421:Kellogg's
2416:John Lobb
2386:HP Bulmer
2381:Hatchards
2266:Bollinger
2236:AkzoNobel
2231:Angostura
2087:Go Ahead!
2073:McVitie's
2033:Divisions
1933:McVitie's
1893:Filipinos
1674:16 August
1669:ITV Media
1649:26 August
1617:The Times
1527:16 August
1479:23 August
1454:22 August
1406:16 August
1341:10 August
1310:12 August
1284:16 August
1117:22 August
1089:16 August
891:Breakfast
775:Iced Gems
743:Deli Choc
734:Biscuits.
629:Hull City
551:McVitie's
516:baronetcy
506:In 1924,
485:digestive
479:into tea.
429:Harlesden
403:in 1914.
397:Harlesden
313:Edinburgh
295:a minute.
289:Stockport
236:Harlesden
220:Stockport
201:Edinburgh
140:McVitie's
72:Edinburgh
22:McVitie's
2892:Category
2780:Weetabix
2775:Waitrose
2655:Burberry
2640:Autoglym
2581:Weetabix
2576:Waitrose
2556:Unilever
2551:Twinings
2356:Schwartz
2311:Colman's
2286:Burberry
2256:Bendicks
2241:Autoglym
2111:Haansbro
1938:Nik Naks
1747:27 March
1719:BBC News
1623:15 April
1337:. Gov.uk
1278:MyLondon
1084:Time Out
1024:(eds.).
1012:(2011).
933:See also
895:Cheddars
827:in 1927.
790:Rich Tea
767:Gold Bar
755:Fig Roll
687:Biscuits
682:Products
645:George V
586:Rich tea
555:licensed
392:Rich Tea
321:New Town
309:Dumfries
264:Rich tea
205:Scotland
186:Scottish
129:mcvities
76:Scotland
47:Industry
2809:Barbour
2645:Barbour
2516:Samsung
2301:Castrol
2291:Cadbury
2276:Britvic
2251:Barbour
2099:Verkade
2083:Jacob's
1972:Related
1963:Verkade
1948:Penguin
1928:McCoy's
1918:Jacob's
1903:Hobnobs
873:Waffles
794:Tasties
785:Penguin
771:Hobnobs
738:Cookies
697:Hobnobs
618:Cadbury
614:Kit Kat
527:Hobnobs
446:Glasgow
319:in the
270:History
260:Hobnobs
232:biscuit
124:Website
82:Founder
65: (
57:Founded
2958:Gorgie
2596:Wolsey
2511:Ryvita
2481:Persil
2471:Nestlé
2326:Dettol
2271:Brasso
2211:Andrex
2091:Carr's
2066:Brands
2040:Pladis
1878:Carr's
1866:Brands
1305:Medium
1034:
854:Lyle's
662:) and
607:Pladis
595:Yildiz
450:Carr's
365:Gorgie
337:Forres
262:, and
234:; the
228:London
222:, and
209:Gorgie
118:Pladis
113:Parent
2725:Minky
2531:Spode
2456:Minky
2391:Heinz
2336:Dorma
2226:Atora
2045:Ülker
1953:Skips
1743:. CNN
917:Minis
815:Cakes
781:Minis
563:Japan
335:from
2819:DAKS
2665:DAKS
2321:DAKS
1958:Taxi
1883:Club
1749:2011
1727:2008
1701:2023
1676:2022
1651:2024
1625:2024
1529:2007
1481:2021
1456:2022
1408:2007
1382:2007
1343:2023
1312:2021
1286:2022
1119:2021
1091:2022
1066:2007
1032:ISBN
859:Cake
803:Trio
798:Taxi
732:Club
649:Mary
616:and
567:dunk
477:dunk
440:and
131:.com
67:1830
60:1830
2366:GSK
2169:...
1788:,"
1644:BBC
605:as
571:tea
569:in
547:McV
199:in
192:Ltd
2909::
2281:BT
2078:BN
1717:.
1692:.
1667:.
1642:.
1614:.
1595:.
1576:.
1559:.
1472:.
1447:.
1430:.
1416:^
1351:^
1303:.
1275:.
1145:^
1136:.
1110:.
1099:^
1082:.
1057:.
1046:^
1020:;
1016:;
724:BN
678:.
631:.
609:.
510:,
460:.
327:.
287:,
258:,
226:,
218:,
203:,
74:,
2144:e
2137:t
2130:v
2018:e
2011:t
2004:v
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1751:.
1729:.
1703:.
1678:.
1653:.
1627:.
1599:.
1531:.
1483:.
1458:.
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1384:.
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176:/
173:z
170:i
167:t
164:ɪ
161:v
158:ˈ
155:k
152:ə
149:m
146:/
142:(
69:)
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