Armoured warfare - Knowledge (XXG)

2471:. As the mechanisation progressed, slowly the French armour doctrine began to reflect the increased capacity, evolving from direct infantry support, to independent breakthrough and eventually envelopment with the Infantry, and to deep strategic exploitation with the Cavalry. Despite the increase in tank numbers, in all countries financial constraints prohibited a full mechanisation of the entire armed ground forces. Necessarily, most of the divisions still consisted of infantry that was not even motorised. As a result, tanks tended to be allotted to special armoured units, where the limited and expensive expert maintenance and training capacity could be concentrated. Only the Soviet Union had enough tanks to equip an organic tank battalion in each infantry division. Nevertheless, France was the first to create large armoured units: in 1934 two Mechanised Corps were formed of 430 tanks each. In July 1935, in France the 4th Cavalry Division was transformed into the 93: 2865: 3862: 2988: 45: 2151: 3722:") exposes only the top of its turret, with the gun and sensors, to the enemy, leaving the smallest possible target while allowing it to engage the enemy on the other side of the hill. Tanks are usually able to depress the main gun below the horizontal since modern kinetic energy (KE) rounds have nearly flat trajectories. Without this they would be unable to exploit such positions. However, upon cresting a hill, the tank may expose its thinly armoured underside to enemy weapons. 4015: 3679: 3252: 3505: 3202:

concentrated its production on warships, thus placing a low priority on armoured vehicle development, its tanks becoming quickly obsolete during the later years of the war. A number of designs that were equal to heavier foreign types were on the drawing board at the beginning of the war, but would only be built in small numbers towards the end, being placed in reserve, to be deployed for the defence of Japan itself.

2337:

small-calibre high-velocity guns in turrets, giving tanks a good antitank capacity. Both France and Britain eventually built specialised infantry tanks, more heavily armoured to provide infantry support, and cavalry tanks that were faster and could exploit a breakthrough, seeking to bring about defeat of the enemy by severing his lines of communication and supply, as cavalry had done during the previous century.

3691: 3072: 3660: 2924:. The superior tactical and operational praxis, combined with an appropriate strategic implementation, enabled the Germans to defeat forces superior in armour (both quantitatively and qualitatively) in the battles of 1940, but just as Blitzkrieg became a deliberate military doctrine, in 1941, it ultimately failed on the eastern front, though initially attaining spectacular successes. 3182:. During the three-month-long war, Japanese armour had shown their weakness against Soviet tanks; and the resulting Japanese defeat prompted a series of complaints by the Imperial Army to incorporate improvements in future Japanese armour. This is the primary reason IJA tanks were not as successful while being used with IJA tactics. The tank forces of the U.S. Army consisted of the 3104:. Having studied the early German successes McNair came under the belief that U.S. forces would be faced with fast moving enemy forces who would seek to bypass, isolate and reduce U.S. forces in a replay of the Fall of France. To stem the flood of marauding panzers, fast moving powerfully armed tank destroyer battalions were created to be held back and used in the counter-attack. 3750:

quicker if carried out by combat engineers with bulldozers. Overhead protection, even if it is fairly thin, can also be very useful since it can help pre-detonate artillery shells and avoid direct hits from above which can be deadly to tanks, by striking them at their thinnest armour. In short, tank crews find as many ways as possible to augment the armour on their vehicles.

2586:, also deployed armoured divisions. At the time, the swift collapse of the Polish army was seen as the result of an armoured Blitzkrieg. However, later it has been argued that the campaign was largely an instance of the classical nineteenth century German concept of the "Annihilation Battle", in which the role of deep strategic armoured penetrations was limited. 3497: 2407: 2328:, theorised about a possible future use of independent armoured forces, containing a large concentration of tanks, to execute deep strategic penetrations. Especially Liddell Hart wrote many books about the subject, partly propagating Fuller's theories. Such doctrines were faced with the reality that during the 1920s the armoured vehicles, as early 2779: 2192:. Under these conditions, attacks usually advanced very slowly and incurred massive casualties. The developers of tanks aimed to return manoeuvre to warfare, and found a practical way to do so: providing caterpillar traction to machine guns allowing them to overcome trenches, while at the same time offering them armour protection against 3828: 2274:

question of whether to use a "swarm" of light tanks for this, or a limited number of potent heavy vehicles. Though in the Battle of Cambrai a large concentration of British heavy tanks effected a breakthrough, it was not exploited by armour. The manoeuvrability of the tank should at least in theory regain armies the ability to

4064: 2880:, "Blitzkrieg" was not defined on the strategic level. Guderian and von Manstein devised a strategy that entailed what later would be seen as the essence of Blitzkrieg: concentrated panzer divisions performing swift deep penetrations. This strategy was not initially accepted by German High Command. Nevertheless, the final 2739:, the British army in North Africa initially operated their armoured units with little infantry or artillery support. Meanwhile, the Germans had integrated their armour with mechanised infantry and artillery. Only after undoing their misplaced emphasis on armour were the British able to restore their combat effectiveness. 3757:, as the reaction time is most important when meeting enemy tanks, to get the first shot (and possibly the first kill). If troops or light vehicles are encountered, the usual response is to fire this round at them, despite it not being ideal—it is difficult and time-consuming to remove a round which is already in the 3524:

One important development was the transition of the Second World War use of Cavalry-Mechanised Group (CMG) into the Cold War Operational Manoeuvre Group (OMG) that was designed to exploit breakthroughs to penetrate NATO's defences in depth. This was a culmination of the Deep Battle theory dating to the 1930s.

3738:), or target all external visual aids with rubbery cohesive substances such as melted rubber or blackened high viscosity epoxy resins. Once a tank is disabled it is easier to destroy. This is why side-skirts are an important feature; they can deflect heavy machine-gun bullets and trigger the detonation of 4044:

It takes a few weeks to transfer tanks and their supporting equipment by air or sea. Some tanks and armoured vehicles can be dropped by parachute, or carried by cargo airplanes or helicopters. The largest transports can only carry one or two main battle tanks. Smaller transports can only carry or air

3523:

armoured doctrine was substantially influenced by the developments in the Soviet Army which sought to adopt its existing doctrine evolved during World War II to the nuclear battlefield. In the early 1960s this led to a number of important developments in the armoured forces and their supporting Arms.

3126:

To be able get into position to counter-attack, the tank destroyers had to be fast. To achieve the desired mobility and agility from the engines available the armour protection was sacrificed, a measure of protection coming from being nimble and hopefully from being able to knock out the enemy before

3019:

emerged from that war initially as avid proponents of continuing and developing an American armoured force, the rapid reduction of the forces and apathy and even antipathy towards funding and maintaining armed forces in the inter-war years led to relative stagnation of armoured doctrine in the United

2598:

French, British and German tank production sharply increased, with both western allies out-producing Germany. However, the Anglo-French coalition proved unable to match the Germans in the number of armoured divisions, as it was impossible to quickly raise such large units. Though the French possessed

2426:

and German experts collaborated in developing the use of tanks based on second generation vehicles with turreted main weapons, and experimenting to design different chassis configurations and drive trains. One important acquisition for the Red Army turned out to be the purchase of a T3 chassis, using

3792:

Tanks and other armoured vehicles are vulnerable to attack from the air for several reasons. One is that they are easily detectable—the metal they are made of shows up well on radar, and is especially obvious if they are moving in formation. A moving tank also produces a lot of heat, noise and dust.

3764:

Tanks can be decisive in city fighting, with the ability to demolish walls and fire medium and heavy machine guns in several directions simultaneously. However, tanks are especially vulnerable in urban combat. It is much easier for enemy infantry to sneak up behind a tank or fire at its sides, where

3702:

Tanks rarely work alone; the usual minimum unit size is a platoon (a platoon is the smallest U.S. Army/Marine unit led by an officer, and a component of a company or troop) of three to five tanks. The tanks of the platoon work together providing mutual support: two might advance while covered by the

2991:

Structure of a U.S. tank battalion in November 1944. Each battalion had 53 M4 Sherman medium tanks and 17 M5 Stuart light tanks. Heavy armoured divisions had 6 battalions (318 M4 Tanks, 102 M5 Tanks) while light armoured divisions had 3 (159 M4 Tanks, 51 M5 Tanks). Many U.S. infantry divisions had a

3749:

for increased protection. The tanks can fire off a few shots from their defensive position, then retreat (reversing) to another prepared position further back and drive behind the berms or into the trenches there. These positions can be constructed by the tank crews, but preparations are better and

3710:

and use their mobility and firepower to penetrate weak points in enemy lines. This is where the powerful engines, tracks and turrets come into play. The ability to rotate the turret by a full 360° allows coordinated movement within and between platoons, while defending against attacks from multiple

3543:

fire from standard tank guns. The Soviet Union was also one of the countries that used two Main Battle Tanks: The high-quality T-80s and lower quality T-72s. Modern Soviet tanks, like the ones mentioned, are typically armed with 125 mm (5 in) smooth bore guns. Advancements in Soviet tanks

2769:

While the infantry based part of the doctrine demanded "powerful tanks" (heavy tanks armed with infantry guns and machineguns) and "tankettes" (light, often amphibious tanks with machineguns), the shock army demanded "manoeuvre tanks" (fast tanks with medium guns) used in conjunction with motorised

2715:

highlighted the weaknesses of the British approach: the small number of infantry and artillery in each armoured division was sufficient when attacking the immobile and uncoordinated Italian troops, but against the highly mobile, well-coordinated German units, the undermanned Commonwealth formations

2676:

on the European continent, but also seemed to vindicate the theories of Fuller and Liddell-Hart. Confronted with the undeniable potential of armoured manoeuvre warfare, from the summer of 1940 onwards the armed forces of all surviving major powers adapted their tactical doctrine, unit organisation,

3725:

The disposition of armour around a tank is not uniform; the front is typically better armoured than the sides or rear. Accordingly, normal practice is to keep the front towards the enemy at all times; the tank retreats by reversing instead of turning around. Driving backwards away from an enemy is

3431:

assumed armoured warfare to be a dominant aspect of conventional ground warfare in Europe. Although the use of light tanks was largely discontinued, and heavy tanks were also mostly abandoned, the medium tank design evolved into heavier models due to increase in armour and larger sized main weapon

3031:

as the best army in Europe, and consequently the U.S. Army frequently copied French uniforms (the American Civil War) and aeroplanes. Only when France was rapidly overrun in 1940 did the U.S. Army become "shocked" into re-thinking the influences by the perceived actions of German tanks in the 1939

2860:

itself (and political support by Hitler) in the armoured formation as the key battlefield formation – although this view was before 1940 not shared by the other Arms of Service. A key part of this doctrine was improved communications by having radios in all tanks, although this ideal suffered from

3443:

For the most part the NATO armoured doctrine remained defensive, and dominated by use of nuclear weapons as deterrence. Although most NATO nations began the Cold War period with a large number of U.S.-designed tanks in their fleets, there was a considerable degree of disagreement on the design of

3287:

The conflict between Arab nations in the East Mediterranean region and Israel in particular would serve to become a testing ground for development in armoured warfare during the decades of the Cold War. Both sides in the Arab–Israeli series of conflicts made heavy use of tanks and other armoured

2273:

Tactically, deployment plans for armour during the war typically placed a strong emphasis on direct support for infantry. The tank's main tasks were seen as crushing barbed-wire and destroying machine-gun nests, facilitating the advance of foot soldiers. Theoretical debate largely focused on the

2891:

German tanks could carry with them enough fuel and supplies to go almost two hundred kilometers, and enough food to last three to nine days. This relative independence from supply lines proved effective, and allowed them to advance on critical targets much faster and without hesitation. Another

3067:

Under this doctrine, U.S. tank crews of both armoured divisions and GHQ tank battalions were taught to fight tanks in tank on tank engagements. Armoured force personnel during and after the war criticised the infantry for using the GHQ tank battalions assigned to infantry divisions strictly as

2336:

Technical development initially focussed on the improvement of the suspension system, transmission and engine, to create vehicles that were faster, more reliable and had a better range than their WW I predecessors. To save weight, such designs had thin armour plating and this inspired fitting

2872:

At the outbreak of World War II, the German armoured forces benefited from a much more profound and more flexible training than that of the Allies on the tactical and operational level. German tanks operated while directed by radio communication, which allowed tank commanders to take greater

3201:

As with all armour, maintenance was a continuous challenge; especially in tropical environments. When IJA and SNLF (Imperial marines) tanks did clash with the enemy they were quickly destroyed by concealed anti-tank guns or overwhelming numbers of hostile tanks. Japan was a naval power, and

2422:, and the country soon had more tanks than the rest of the world combined, thousands of them being produced per year. In this period, before the rise to power of the Nazi Party in Germany, German officers were sent to observe and participate in development of armoured doctrine in the USSR. 2960:

against entrenched enemy infantry, equipped with large numbers of antitank-guns, with the potential to completely halt tank assaults inflicting devastating losses to armoured units without infantry support. However, much of the AFV production was increasingly diverted away from the

2450:

In France, the second largest tank producer, mechanisation was motivated by a need to compensate for severe manpower shortages due to a collapsed birth rate during World War I. This led to the development of a vast range of specialised armoured vehicles, not just tanks but also

4056:-armed light vehicles or in self-propelled gun style vehicles. The lack of armour protection is offset by the provision of a first-look/first-hit/first-kill capability through the mating of a powerful gun to superior targeting electronics, a concept similar to that of the US 2387:, argued that the British army, under budget and over-stretched during the interwar period, pursued innovation recklessly by betting on the combat effectiveness of armoured units operating with little infantry or artillery support. Doing so led to its initial setbacks in 3909:

are examples. Helicopters are very effective against armoured vehicles for many reasons. The AH-64D Longbow Apache, for example, is equipped with an improved sensor suite and weapon systems and the AN/APG-78 Longbow Fire Control Radar dome installed over the main rotor.

3548:, and defensive countermeasures (such as Shtora-1 and Arena). The most advanced Soviet tank, up until the end of the Cold War, was the T-80U, which shared similar characteristics with the M1A1(Turbine engine, advanced Fire Control Systems, strong armour, and firepower) 3729:

The tracks, wheels and suspension of a tank are outside the armoured hull and are some of the most vulnerable spots. The easiest way to disable a tank (other than a direct hit in a vulnerable area with a full-power anti-tank weapon) is to target the tracks for a

2291:, who envisaged using the expected vast increase in armour production during 1919 to execute deep strategic penetrations by mechanised forces consisting of tanks and infantry carried by trucks, supported by aeroplanes, to paralyse the enemy command-structure. 2532:

but these proved to be vulnerable to antitank guns due to their thin armour. Traditionalist elements within the Red Army used this to diminish the influence of proponents of mechanisation. Tukhachevsky himself was executed in 1937. Nevertheless, during the

2234:

Despite the generally unpromising beginnings, the military and political leadership in both Britain and France during 1917 backed large investment into armoured-vehicle production. This led to a sharp increase in the number of available tanks for 1918. The

3969:

vehicles capable of working in the same terrain to support them. These are operated by the appropriate branches of the army, e.g. recovery and maintenance vehicles by the REME and combat engineering vehicles by the RE in the British Army. These include:

2398:), the US, and Japan, would create their own experimental mechanised forces during the late 1920s, many using either French or British vehicle designs or even directly purchased vehicles, but largely borrowing from both to develop their own doctrines. 3377:

and could be operated by infantry without having extensive training, inflicted heavy losses on the Israeli armoured formations. Since then, ATGMs have played an important role within the Israeli Army, having developed advanced domestic-made versions

4741: 3917:. This is what the United States relies on most, which is demonstrated by their distinct lack of effective short-range, mobile air defence vehicles to accompany armoured units. Most other countries accompany their armoured forces with highly mobile 2332:

in general, were extremely unreliable, and could not be used in sustained operations. Mainstream thought on the subject was more conservative and tried to integrate armoured vehicles into the existing infantry and cavalry organisation and tactics.

3726:

even safer than driving forwards towards them since driving forwards over a bump can throw the front of the tank up in the air, exposing the thin armour of the underside and taking the gun off the target due to its limited angle of depression.

2719:

Between 1941 and 1942, the Allies struggled in armoured battles in the North African desert due to improper tactics; in particular, running armoured formations into opposing anti-tank positions; however, they achieved some notable successes at

2501:, that the German army in the 1930s did not even possess an explicit Blitzkrieg tactical doctrine, let alone strategy. This would have been reflected by the relatively unimpressive rate of tank production and development. During the 1930s the 2282:

Strategic use of tanks developed only slowly during and immediately after World War I, partly due to these technical limits but also due to the prestige role traditionally accorded to horse-mounted cavalry. An exception, on paper, was the

3353:

In response, the Soviet Union, the country with the largest armoured fleet in the world, strove to incorporate some anti-tank capability into almost every infantry weapon. By the 1960s, Soviet defense scientists were designing portable

3318:. This is an extreme example but exemplifies what has been fairly thoroughly documented since the Second World War: tanks and infantry work best by taking advantage of each other's strengths and combining to minimise the weaknesses. 2308: 3593:

proved effective in the terrain of Vietnam against enemy forces which, until 1968, rarely deployed their armour. Though they were soon countered with mines and RPGs, M-113's continued service during the war, primarily evolving into

2831:. The T-34 had an excellent combination of mobility, protection and firepower. Using wide tracks, the T-34 was also able to negotiate terrain in difficult weather conditions, something that persistently dogged the German designs. 3776:, highlight the growing vulnerability of tanks. Estimates from early 2024 indicate that Russia has lost around 3,000 tanks in the first two years of the conflict, with the actual number likely being higher. In contrast, during the 3769:, if aimed at the engine air intakes, can disable a tank. Because of these limits, tanks are difficult to use in city conflicts where civilians or friendly forces might be nearby, since their firepower can't be used effectively. 2315:

During the 1920s, a very limited number of tanks were produced. There were however, important theoretical and technical developments. Various British and French commanders who had contributed to the origin of the tank, such as

2278:

enemy lines. In practice, tank warfare during most of World War I was hampered by the technical immaturity of the new weapon system, limiting speed, operational range, and reliability, and a lack of effective armoured tactics.

2935:

propounded a thorough mechanisation of the German forces. By 1942, increased AFV-production allowed a fuller implementation of this ideal. Now extensive armoured combined arms team could be formed, distinct from a purely

3321:

In many conflicts, it was usual to see infantry riding on the back of tanks, ready to jump off and provide support when necessary. Unfortunately, the design of many modern tanks makes this a dangerous practice. The

2581:

and the Cavalry – and "active" infantry divisions to break the Polish defensive lines and pursue the defeated enemy forces. The more limited and dispersed Polish armoured units were quickly destroyed. The Red Army,

2916:

speed, mobility, and communication shocked the French, and ultimately were the deciding factors in the battle. It overcame their inferiority in armour and armament relative to the main French materiel such as the

2812:. The Red Army tank fleet was extremely large, consisting of some 24,000 vehicles, but many were obsolete or unfit for service due to difficulties with supplying spare parts and lack of qualified support staff. 3742:(HEAT) rounds before they strike the running gear. Other vulnerable parts of a typical tank include the engine deck (with air intakes, radiators, etc.) and the turret ring, where the turret joins the hull. 4950: 2243:

tanks were produced during the entire conflict, compared to over 4,400 French and over 2,500 British tanks of various kinds. Nonetheless, World War I saw the first tank-versus-tank battle, during the

3820:) hitting them from the top can be deadly even if it has a small warhead. Even a small automatic cannon is powerful enough to penetrate the rear and top sections of the engine compartment of a tank. 2892:

factor was the ability of commanders to make strategic decisions in the field and without much consultation with their headquarters, the orders of which were often simply ignored. A prime example is

2842:

were eventually created. To complement the T-34, heavy tanks, self-propelled artillery, and tank destroyers were also designed. The Red Army's armoured forces were used in concentrations during all

2770:

forces and "mechanised cavalry" that would operate in depth as "strategic cavalry" combined with nascent airborne troops. These ideas culminated in the "PU-36" or the 1936 Field Service Regulations.

2603:("battle tank battalions") for infantry support. In early 1940, the German command had concluded that it could not win a war of attrition and embarked on a high-risk strategy. They approved the 3480:, which was a somewhat lighter design, conforming to German doctrine that emphasised speed over protection. From the same initial collaborative project as the Leopard I, the French series of 3392:, while Israeli infantry were able to easily defeat opposing ATGM teams, tanks operating on their own suffered several hits from the latest advanced Russian tandem-warhead types (such as the 3314:

tanks, operating independently in large numbers, were decimated by Egyptian anti-tank teams, well-distributed amongst regular infantry, and often equipped with new, first-generation portable

4263: 3198:'s, the IJA and U.S. light tanks were comparable to each other, and seemingly performed well for their respective forces during jungle combat operations; during their phase of World War II. 3784:(APS) showed improved survivability against anti-tank missiles. Additionally, using tanks in pairs with overlapping APS provided extra defense and enhanced their overall effectiveness. 2685:

In the deserts of North Africa, the British developed the alternative approach of combining the armoured, infantry and artillery together to form a 'balanced, combined arms team'. The

2418:

and France began to rearm in the early thirties. In the Soviet Union, the mechanisation of the armed forces was part of a massive general industrialisation programme, the successive

3411:, to intercept and destroy anti tank missiles. The system was successfully deployed in combat on March 1, 2011, when it intercepted an anti tank missile during an engagement on the 2560:. Partly as a result of the experiences in Spain, the Soviet Union began the development of a new generation of medium and heavy tanks, sporting much stronger armour and armament. 2348:, which was formed on 1 May 1927, under infantry Colonel R. J. Collins, after Fuller (was) refused the function. Its sub-units were entirely mobile and consisted of reconnaissance 2843: 2635:

of the crossing points. In the original plan, the armoured divisions were again supposed to closely cooperate with the infantry divisions. In reality, armour commanders like

3484:

tanks also emphasised manoeuvre over protection. By the 21st century, most advanced western main battle tanks were built around powerful engines, large 120 mm guns and

3024:, virtually alone, advocated for the future of armoured warfare and the development of appropriate training, equipment and doctrine during the late 1920s through the 1930s. 2611:

by the main mass of German infantry divisions, spearheaded by seven armoured divisions, while the main mobile French reserve consisting of three Cavalry armoured divisions (

2294:

Following the First World War, the technical and doctrinal aspects of armoured warfare became more sophisticated and diverged into multiple schools of doctrinal thought.

2077: 3753:

Tanks usually go into battle with a round in the gun, ready to fire, to minimise reaction time when encountering an enemy. The US doctrine calls for this round to be a

2956:(howitzers fitted on a tank chassis). This allowed the panzer division to become an independent combat force, in principle able to overcome the problems of attaining a 3977:(ARV)—many of these are based on the chassis for the vehicle they support. E.g. the ARV for the UK Challenger tank is a Challenger hull onto which a winch is added. 2888:

at Sedan, and was assigned to such forces. The great success of this operation led to Blitzkrieg being integrated with strategic planning for the rest of the war.

3111:) medium tanks rather than a smaller number of unreliable heavy tanks. It was decided therefore to slow the production of the U.S. heavy tank designs such as the 2487:

were formed. Though some tank brigades were part of the Cavalry or Infantry arm, most German tanks were concentrated into a special branch, from 1936 called the

3949:

SAM missiles). The usage of anti-aircraft rounds fired from the main gun of a tank has been increasing over the years. An example is the HE-FRAG round from the

2677:

strategic planning and tank production plans. According to Frieser, this was even true for Germany itself, that only now officially adopted Blitzkrieg tactics.

4946: 4784:

Harding, David P. (1994). "Heinz Guderian As the Agent of Change: His Significant Impact on the Development of German Armored Forces Between the World Wars".

4068: 3225: 2828: 3036:

Its Armored Combat Arm was not created until 1940 when the Armored Force was born on 10 July 1940, with the Headquarters, Armor Force and the Headquarters,

2838:

strategy, operational methods and tactics, the Red Army concluded that it should return to the use of operational methods developed before the war, so the

3861: 2815:

One important development took place shortly before the war, which influenced Soviet armoured doctrine and tank design for a decade: the creation of the

2766:

in the mid to late 1930s. This was as part of the two-directioned concepts, one being infantry-centred "broad front" and the other being a "shock army".

2652: 3531:

was produced which for the first time used an automatic loader, reducing the crew of the tank to three crewmen. Subsequently, this model, and the later

2864: 2627:, the largest tank battle fought until that date. At the same time, German motorised infantry west of the Ardennes forced the crossings over the river 92: 2979:

companies. Despite lowering their formal organic strength, from the summer of 1943 onwards, the armoured divisions were structurally short of tanks.

3765:

it is most vulnerable. In addition, firing down from multi-story buildings allows shots at the thin upper turret armour and even basic weapons like

3097: 2215:

on 15 September 1916, but did not manage to break the deadlock of trench warfare. The first French employment of tanks, on 16 April 1917, using the

1016: 5269:

Hofmann, George F. and Starry, Donn A., eds. "Camp Colt to Desert Storm: The History of U.S. Armored Forces." 1999; University Press of Kentucky.

3330:, for example, has such hot exhaust gas that nearby infantry have to be careful where they stand. Tanks can also be very vulnerable to well aimed 2493:. The precise interpretation of this phenomenon has proven controversial among military historians. Traditionally, it has been seen as part of a " 1443: 4653:

From the Don to the Dnepr: Soviet Offensive Operations - December 1942–August 1943, 1984 Art of War symposium, a transcript of proceedings, Col.

4482: 3621:

were also introduced as M35 trucks fitted with armour and guns to protect convoys. In 1968, Communist forces primarily deployed the Soviet built

2987: 4159: 4103: 2518: 2473: 5169: 5423: 5408: 5377: 5235: 4417: 3228:

was the country's only mechanised division during the war. The 200th used pre-war tanks acquired from Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union.

2364:

capable of acting as conventional or anti-aircraft artillery, and a motorised company of field engineers. The unit carried out operations on

3539:

tanks introduced further innovations that influenced armoured warfare by introducing guided missiles into the tank ammunition mix, allowing

4273: 3053: 3045: 2615:

or Mechanised Light Divisions) – the only armoured units organised on the lines of the German armoured divisions – would be lured into the

3965:

Armoured warfare is mechanically and logistically intensive and requires extensive support mechanisms. Armoured fighting vehicles require

5139: 3839:, also known as the "Warthog". Although able to carry a number of different missiles and bombs (including anti-tank ordnance such as the 4179: 2419: 2244: 1799: 31: 4214: 4129:

has resulted in the application of armour to light vehicles and the continued use of armoured transports, fighting vehicles and tanks.

1994: 1772: 387: 3217: 3163:

medium tank, but this was sometimes compensated by a high muzzle velocity. The IJA's use of tanks in China exemplifies its doctrine:

5438: 5391: 5350: 5332: 5307: 5292: 5274: 5260: 5198: 4174: 3242: 2792:

At the start of the Second World War much of the Red Army, including its armoured forces, was in transition and recovering from the

1448: 5077: 4371: 4319: 3800:

The other major reason is that most armoured vehicles have thinner armour on the roof of the turret and on the engine deck, so an

3346:

While attempts to defeat the tank were made before and during the Second World War, through the use of conventional high velocity

5001: 4094:

light tank. This was an air-portable tank capable of destroying heavier tanks using the revolutionary (for the time) 152 mm

3918: 3132: 2360:

tanks, a motorised machine-gun battalion, a mechanised artillery regiment, which had one battery of fully tracked self-propelled

2317: 1526: 1509: 4164: 3400: 3350:

artillery, this proved increasingly difficult in the post-war period due to increased armour protection and mobility of tanks.

1871: 1296: 141: 4122: 3143:

The Japanese doctrine was mainly French in concept but with some purely Japanese elements. Due to Japan's naval priorities in

4975: 4575: 3922: 3809: 3614: 3587: 3155:

tanks were lightly armoured. As with most armour during the 1930s, the main guns were small in calibre: 37 mm for their

2270:(August 1918), which ended the stalemate imposed by trench warfare on the Western Front, and thus effectively ended the war. 1635: 3562:, for the first time allowing supporting infantry to accompany tanks on a battlefield when nuclear weapon use was expected. 3686:

in a hull-down position. Note the observation periscope which would allow the commander to observe in turret-down position.

4828: 2345: 2052: 1499: 5468: 4635:

p.38, Race to the swift: Thoughts on the Twenty-first century warfare, Brig. Richard E. Simpkin, Brassey's, London, 1985

4209: 2854:

In Germany, in-depth research through theoretical approaches, wargaming and exercises developed a confidence within the

1989: 453: 53: 44: 38: 3835:

Certain aircraft have been developed to attack armoured vehicles. Most notable is the purpose-built Fairchild-Republic

3444:

future MBTs among the NATO major nations. Both the U.S. and Germany experimented with, but abandoned the missile-armed

2735:

In 2022, Kendrick Kuo, assistant professor at the U.S. Naval War College, wrote that due to factors emanating from the

4126: 3882: 3773: 3221: 2729: 2599:

a superior number of tanks, often better armoured and armed, half of these were allotted at army-level to independent

2534: 2517:

began the conversion of its cavalry from horse to tanks and all but a few regiments were fully converted by 1939. The

2181: 2131: 1999: 1186: 988: 859: 397: 4052:

The desire to create air-portable armoured vehicles that can still take on conventional MBTs has usually resulted in

4459:

An Experimental Mechanised Force For the 21st Century? Boyd, S.F. 1999 British Army Review, 121. 1999(Apr), pp 17-22

3761:. In this case, after the KE round is fired, a HEAT round would normally be loaded next to continue the engagement. 3590: 3572:

capable of firing anti-tank missiles entering production in 1970 which were built and theorised as "flying tanks".

3404: 2725: 2651:, lacked sufficient strategic mobility to prevent this. The strategic envelopment surrounded the Belgian army, the 2468: 2463:, armoured tractors, armoured supply vehicles, armoured artillery observation vehicles, armoured command vehicles, 2394:

All major European states (with the exception of Germany that was forbidden to possess armoured vehicles under the

1463: 2528:

actual use of armoured fighting vehicles was limited. Both sides used Italian, German and Soviet tanks during the

5489: 4115: 3985: 3974: 3794: 3781: 3610: 3595: 3551: 3545: 3211: 2693:, being ill-armed and inadequately led, soon gave way to this approach by the Commonwealth troops of the British 2583: 2263: 2108: 2081: 1573: 1081: 430: 304: 158: 3576: 2150: 5314: 4268: 4053: 3801: 3739: 3355: 3315: 2997: 2953: 2758:

Much of the Red Army development in tank use was based on the theoretical work carried out by such officers as

2708: 2220: 2170: 2112: 2024: 1891: 1438: 1131: 949: 797: 3980: 3651:

Armoured Airborne Reconnaissance Assault Vehicles; by 1970 over 200 Sheridan tanks were operating in Vietnam.

4023: 3817: 3408: 3310:(1973) illustrated the problems that can arise if armoured and infantry units do not work closely together. 2957: 2784: 2549: 2267: 2255: 1977: 1959: 1715: 1274: 1196: 1141: 739: 402: 4125:) rarely involve direct combat between armoured vehicles, the need to defend against insurgent attacks and 3288:

vehicles due to the practicality of tanks in the desert environment these conflicts largely took place in.

5362: 3930: 3152: 3148: 3061: 2763: 2545: 2452: 2353: 1844: 1819: 1541: 1453: 1326: 1201: 802: 779: 225: 124: 3127:

they could get a shot in. Although they usually had guns of either 75 mm or 76 mm calibre (the

2497:

strategy" of swift world conquest by means of armoured forces. Later it has been argued, among others by

5318: 5227: 4836: 4757: 4204: 4149: 4087: 3758: 3016: 2656: 2577:

during September 1939, German forces applied a narrow cooperation between large armoured units – of the

2357: 1433: 1366: 1319: 973: 936: 899: 817: 769: 653: 463: 271: 180: 3365:

In 1973, the Israeli Army failed to anticipate the importance of these new weapon systems. Hundreds of

3135:, rounds which made their guns much more powerful than a simple comparison of calibres would suggest. 5459: 5246: 4293: 4199: 3754: 3335: 3057: 3021: 3012: 2694: 2460: 2440: 2432: 2395: 1824: 1726: 1583: 1578: 1396: 1361: 1096: 916: 774: 710: 564: 534: 131: 4169: 4075: 3836: 3707: 2945: 2820: 2619:

by a feint attack with a lesser force, including three armoured divisions. In May 1940, during the

2428: 2212: 1675: 1660: 1536: 1423: 1401: 1376: 1336: 1246: 1056: 961: 911: 678: 668: 633: 425: 415: 185: 109: 4346: 4014: 2544:

in the summer of 1939 combined mass tank manoeuvres with artillery and air attacks, to defeat the

4797: 4719: 4502: 4283: 4258: 4253: 3870: 3821: 3636: 3128: 3033: 2877: 2839: 2721: 2574: 2498: 2456: 2321: 2093: 2009: 1864: 1784: 1705: 1650: 1625: 1546: 1492: 1458: 1389: 1306: 1216: 1121: 1066: 956: 921: 874: 749: 720: 673: 611: 586: 420: 234: 153: 3678: 3396:). This highlighted that tanks operating solely, in the era of ATGMs, are extremely vulnerable. 3107:

It was also calculated that U.S. interests would be better served by large numbers of reliable (

4884: 3131:

used a 90mm calibre gun), the tank destroyer units were issued with the ancestor of the modern

2647:, which was reached within a week. The French reserve of four Infantry armoured divisions, the 5434: 5419: 5404: 5387: 5373: 5346: 5328: 5303: 5288: 5270: 5256: 5231: 4789: 4711: 4571: 4413: 4238: 4099: 3954: 3805: 2805: 2686: 2529: 2384: 2174: 2139: 2045: 1954: 1901: 1804: 1794: 1789: 1759: 1742: 1737: 1710: 1655: 1356: 1346: 1341: 1331: 1251: 1241: 1236: 1211: 1181: 1071: 1041: 1036: 1026: 1021: 1011: 926: 879: 849: 688: 481: 458: 392: 4539:

L'Arme Blindée Française. Tome 1. Mai-juin 1940 ! Les blindés français dans la tourmente

3362:

infantry fighting vehicle. They were in use with Soviet forces before the end of the decade.

3358:. These new weapons were to be either carried by infantry, or fired from the newly developed 5397: 5324: 5118: 4820: 4703: 4519:

p.32, Design and development of fighting vehicles, R.M. Ogorkiewicz, Macdonald, London, 1968

4494: 4038: 4034: 3993: 3890: 3851: 3777: 3766: 3698:

is a well protected infantry fighting vehicle capable of delivering troops to the frontline.

3527:

In 1964 a significant breakthrough in tank design was achieved in the Soviet Union when the

3485: 3433: 3389: 3101: 2968: 2881: 2804:, and relied instead on lessons from politically selected officers who were veterans of the 2690: 2624: 2620: 2525: 2204: 2166: 2135: 2097: 2089: 2073: 2019: 1984: 1916: 1809: 1747: 1640: 1568: 1561: 1418: 1351: 1301: 1291: 1166: 1086: 1046: 1031: 998: 983: 854: 839: 792: 700: 601: 596: 554: 377: 354: 261: 190: 119: 102: 4817:"Of Tank and Infantry: Lessons of Heavy-Light Integration Learned, Forgotten and Relearned" 3299:(1967), Israeli armoured units typically had the advantage, mainly due to good tactics and 5280: 5030:

p.37 Race to the swift, Thoughts on Twenty-first century warfare, Brig. Richard E. Simpkin

4849: 4770: 4233: 3844: 3840: 3813: 3481: 3382: 3037: 2644: 2506: 2483: 2365: 2325: 2288: 2228: 2162: 2116: 2092:. The premise of armored warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional 1829: 1814: 1732: 1688: 1630: 1286: 1281: 1171: 1161: 1076: 1051: 993: 834: 764: 754: 693: 606: 591: 514: 486: 286: 266: 114: 5194: 4037:

is required, the inability to perform rapid deployment has always been a limit of heavy

3504: 2623:, the German feint resulted in a number of undecided armour engagements, among them the 2439:

of fast tanks. The Red Army tactics were influenced by the theoretical works of Marshal

5355: 5242: 4243: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4139: 4102:. The latest iteration of the mobile anti-tank gun platform in American service is the 4057: 4009: 3996:

are used, since AFVs are prone to malfunction and their tracks also ruin the highways.

3886: 3461: 3436:(MBT) which came into existence, combining most of the different types of tanks during 3307: 3160: 3093: 3005: 2975: 2928: 2902: 2900:

which allowed him a flexible response to the battlefield situation, an instance of the

2748: 2640: 2632: 2502: 2329: 2247:

in April 1918, when a group of three German A7V tanks engaged a group of three British

2189: 2127: 2085: 2014: 2004: 1752: 1176: 1136: 1114: 1101: 1091: 1061: 978: 931: 734: 725: 616: 569: 549: 539: 509: 476: 364: 321: 276: 148: 81: 4997: 4670: 3565:

The T-64s and BMP-1s were also joined by the self-propelled guns and more importantly

3251: 3092:

team included air support, artillery, engineers, and a tank component supplemented by

5483: 5370:

Der Panzer und die Mechanisierung des Krieges: Eine deutsche Geschichte 1890 bis 1945

5252: 5144: 4723: 4694:

Samuels, Martin (July 2017). "Erwin Rommel and German Military Doctrine, 1912–1940".

4506: 4298: 4154: 4091: 3926: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3731: 3648: 3300: 3292: 3195: 3183: 3156: 3089: 2824: 2668:

The spectacular and unexpected success not only caused a sudden change in the global

2616: 2604: 2541: 2414:

During the 1930s, political tensions between the world powers quickly increased. The

2369: 2236: 2216: 2208: 1851: 1839: 1695: 1615: 1531: 1514: 1371: 1226: 1206: 889: 884: 864: 844: 759: 730: 705: 581: 559: 544: 519: 359: 281: 244: 239: 136: 57: 3718:

elements (such as small hills) for cover. A tank sitting just behind a hill crest ("

3171:

supported the infantry and assaulted deeper objectives, but did not fight en masse.

3071: 4654: 4278: 4248: 4228: 3878: 3683: 3659: 3555: 3468: 3464:, which proved to be highly successful and was not fully replaced until the 1970s. 3449: 3437: 3393: 3374: 3175: 3112: 3049: 2893: 2856: 2759: 2712: 2702: 2669: 2636: 2514: 2415: 2377: 2248: 2223:(November to December 1917) British tanks were more successful, and broke a German 2038: 1964: 1944: 1939: 1834: 1779: 1413: 1408: 1231: 1146: 894: 628: 529: 326: 230: 4971: 3690: 3632:

medium tanks were fielded, proving themselves susceptible to the M-72 LAW rocket,

17: 3745:

When used defensively, tanks are often sunk into trenches or placed behind earth

3575:

The Soviet tank troops, as they were known in the USSR, included armoured units,

4816: 4111: 4083: 3894: 3874: 3847: 3668: 3520: 3509: 3366: 3296: 3168: 3164: 3120: 3076: 3028: 3008: 2793: 2489: 2478: 2444: 2200: 2185: 2155: 2134:, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and 2124: 1949: 1700: 1665: 1504: 1191: 1156: 869: 812: 715: 499: 220: 215: 49: 2728:

and under Montgomery finally achieved decisive victories, in particular at the

5474: 4288: 4144: 4098:

launcher. The combat effectiveness of this tank was limited by the unreliable

4005: 3945:, or combine both on the same vehicle (the Tunguska for example can also host 3711:

directions and engaging troops and vehicles without stopping or slowing down.

3695: 3644: 3640: 3603: 3569: 3476:

decided to develop their own tank in the 1960s, and in the 1970s produced the

3472: 3453: 3323: 3116: 3100:. The latter is most closely identified with the Chief of Army Ground Forces, 3001: 2949: 2835: 2827:

for the first time, the T-34 proved a shock to the German forces in the first

2809: 2595: 2510: 2494: 2464: 2341: 1906: 1876: 1598: 967: 4793: 4715: 4707: 4086:. Most such US projects to create such vehicles have been abortive, e.g. the 3460:

in the 1980s. The British Army also retained a World War II tank design, the

2340:

The British were the first to create a larger fully mechanised unit when the

2239:, on the contrary, produced only a few tanks, late in the war. Twenty German 4079: 3898: 3719: 3664: 3618: 3477: 3457: 3412: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3187: 3041: 2537:

of 1938 and 1939, the Soviet forces tested modern armoured warfare tactics.

2436: 2361: 2284: 2199:

Britain and France first developed tanks in 1915 as a way of navigating the

2177: 1896: 1720: 1670: 1620: 1610: 1605: 1470: 1261: 1256: 1221: 663: 349: 316: 205: 2477:, the first French armoured division of the Cavalry. In Germany, after the 5320:

Panzer Battles: A Study of the Employment of Armor in the Second World War

5122: 3714:

When on the defensive, they wait in prepared positions or use any natural

3496: 2406: 4498: 4027: 4019: 3672: 3513: 3424: 3179: 2992:

permanent tank battalion attached during the length of the war in Europe.

2937: 2797: 2673: 2661: 2643:

immediately broke out of the bridgeheads, initiating a drive towards the

2608: 2557: 2553: 2423: 2349: 2275: 2120: 1911: 1886: 1519: 1151: 1126: 744: 299: 173: 5106: 4801: 4483:"Dangerous Changes: When Military Innovation Harms Combat Effectiveness" 3865:

AH-64 Apache, an attack helicopter designed to destroy armoured vehicles

4824: 4107: 4063: 3715: 3144: 2941: 2918: 2538: 2373: 2307: 2193: 1921: 1881: 1645: 1479: 1475: 822: 807: 683: 344: 339: 309: 248: 210: 4074:

Vehicles which have put such considerations into practice include the

3643:. In January 1969, U.S. armoured cavalry units began exchanging their 2846:, initiated under strict secrecy and using the Principle of Surprise. 2778: 3445: 3311: 2801: 2380:. Although its performance was recognised, it was disbanded in 1928. 2224: 1428: 829: 646: 382: 5452: 3703:

others then stop and provide cover for the remainder to move ahead.

3044:. On July 15, 1940, the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mechanised) became the 4998:"Anti-tank missile defense system stops attack ... JPost - Defense" 4870: 4868: 3827: 3190:

light tanks up until 1941, although these vehicles were five years

2119:, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The 5467:

Historic films showing tank warfare during the First World War at

4062: 4013: 3946: 3942: 3860: 3855: 3826: 3689: 3677: 3658: 3622: 3566: 3559: 3544:

include improved Fire Control Systems, strong armour protected by

3503: 3495: 3399:

Responding to the serious tank losses suffered against Hezbollah,

3370: 3359: 3167:

were used for scouting or acted as mobile infantry support, while

3070: 2986: 2952:

to be protected from small-arms fire while being transported) and

2863: 2777: 2628: 2405: 2306: 2149: 2103:

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of

904: 440: 435: 43: 30:

This article is about the military doctrine. For the vehicle, see

5101: 5099: 5097: 3873:

have been designed mainly to engage enemy armoured vehicles. The

3854:

armour-piercing rounds per minute. The Russian equivalent is the

2184:

by the effectiveness of entrenched defensive infantry armed with

5224:

Nomonhan, 1939; The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II.

4095: 4046: 3950: 3938: 3934: 3824:(suicide drone) is also used to attack tanks in modern warfare. 3746: 3633: 3629: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3428: 3385:

missile), which have been widely exported throughout the world.

2816: 2481:

started open rearmament in March 1935, on 15 October 1935 three

2104: 200: 195: 3147:

construction and inter-service feuds (the marine branch of the

2868:

Heinz Guderian (right edge) guiding an armoured force in Poland

2123:

of armored warfare was developed to break the static nature of

3953:

which can be detonated at a set distance as determined by its

3797:

system easy and the dust is a good visual cue during the day.

3246: 2240: 73: 5140:"Russia's vast stocks of Soviet-era weaponry are running out" 4657:

ed., Centre for land warfare, US Army war college, March 1984

3048:; the 7th Provisional Tank Brigade, an infantry tank unit at 3369:

man-portable anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), supplied to

3456:

main battle tank was replaced with the gas-turbine powered

2107:

and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as

3913:

Airborne threats can be countered in several ways. One is

3602:(Armoured Cavalry Assault Vehicle); and functioning as a " 37:"Armored Brigade" redirects here. For the video game, see 5416:

Armored Thunderbolt, The US Army Sherman in World War II.

3452:

basic design of the United States would evolve until the

2207:

while remaining protected from machine-gun fire. British

2906:(reliance on subordinates to make their own decisions). 2521:

was formed, as the "Mobile Division", in November 1937.

2443:

who advocated "large scale tank warfare" as part of the

2258:

of 21 March to 18 July 1918, the Entente deployed tanks

3263: 2861:

technical limits as most tanks had receiver sets only.

2383:

In 2022, Kendrick Kuo, assistant professor at the U.S.

5078:"10 Tanks That Changed the History of Armored Warfare" 4372:"10 Tanks That Changed the History of Armored Warfare" 4320:"10 Tanks That Changed the History of Armored Warfare" 2944:

formation. The panzer divisions integrated tanks with

4410:

Cambrai 1917: The Myth of the First Great Tank Battle

3407:

developed a missile defence system for tanks, called

4568:

The Blitzkrieg Legend: The 1940 Campaign in the West

4067:

Graphic representation of the U.S. Army's cancelled

3772:

Some analysts argue that recent conflicts, like the

2873:

advantage of the manoeuvrability of their vehicles.

2844:

strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II

5473:Educational video of how armored vehicles are used 5285:

Patton: A History of the American Main Battle Tank.

4613:Harris, John Paul, 1995, "The Myth of Blitzkrieg", 4033:While tanks are integral to armoured warfare, when 3992:For transporting tracked AFVs over highways, heavy 2800:, which had been successfully conducted by General 5170:"To see the future of urban warfare, look at Gaza" 2973:units and infantry divisions were given their own 5343:Tank Warfare: Combat Development in World War Two 4552:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two 2896:'s lead-from-the-front approach while commanding 2368:and was observed by the other major nations, the 2219:, also failed to live up to expectations. In the 5300:Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. 4341: 4339: 3115:and concentrate resources on mass-producing the 4347:"tactics - The armoured offensive | Britannica" 2594:In the wake of the Polish campaign, during the 3512:, produced by Podpolianske strojárne Detva in 2165:of 1914–1918. Strategists wanted to break the 5323:(First Ballantine Books ed.). New York: 3671:and a logistical convoy advancing during the 3212:Tanks in the Chinese Army during World War II 2659:and the ultimate fall of France in operation 2046: 8: 5251:(Da Capo Press Reissue ed.). New York: 4947:"Israel unveils defense shield for Merkavas" 3706:Normally, multiple platoons coordinate with 3617:would be based on experience with the M113. 2966: 2829:German encounter of Soviet T-34 and KV tanks 4550:Steven J. Zaloga and James Grandsen, 1984, 4398:, R.M. Ogorkiewicz, Macdonald, London, 1968 4396:Design and development of fighting vehicles 3554:were first developed in the 1960s with the 2808:. The result was a poor showing during the 4562: 4560: 4476: 4474: 3843:), the A-10's main weapon is a 30 mm 2655:and the best French troops. It led to the 2435:, which served as the basis of the Soviet 2388: 2053: 2039: 63: 4905: 4903: 3056:". The Tank Battalion was established at 2672:situation, gaining Germany a position of 3508:Czechoslovak armoured personnel carrier 3338:artillery units can help overcome this. 2796:. The Red Army ignored the lessons from 2161:Modern armored warfare began during the 1017:List of military strategies and concepts 4554:, Arms and Armour Press, London, p. 106 4310: 3151:favoured all-around protective armour) 71: 27:Use of armored fighting vehicles in war 4845: 4834: 4766: 4755: 4570:, Naval Institute Press; 1st edition, 4160:Comparison of early World War II tanks 4121:Though limited conflicts (such as the 4104:M1134 anti-tank guided missile vehicle 4045:drop light tanks and APCs such as the 5164: 5162: 5134: 5132: 4885:"U.S. Army Armor Center & School" 4742:"When France Defied Hitler's Panzers" 4735: 4733: 4665: 4663: 3831:Close-up of an A-10 GAU-8 Avenger gun 7: 3027:The United States Army regarded the 3011:heavy tanks, and some officers like 2996:Though the U.S. had established the 2834:Assessing the success of the German 2794:1937 repression of the officer corps 2607:, envisaging an advance through the 2088:. It is a major component of modern 5315:von Mellenthin, Major General F. W. 4936:Zaloga (M3/M5 Stuart) p. 13, 14, 33 4862:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 1-4 4604:Zaloga & Grandsen (1984) p. 110 4586:Zaloga & Grandsen (1984) p. 109 4180:Lists of armoured fighting vehicles 3639:light tanks, as well as the larger 3334:; well-coordinated air support and 3174:In 1939, the Japanese Army engaged 3159:light tanks and 47 mm for the 2884:in 1940 hinged on the element of a 2245:Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux 32:Lists of armoured fighting vehicles 5372:, Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn. 4927:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 15 4918:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 45 4897:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 46 4874:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 13 4831:from the original on June 3, 2018. 3075:M10 tank destroyer in action near 25: 5345:, Arms and Armour Press, London. 4972:"Trophy Active Protection System" 4815:Hutcheson, John M. (1990-04-05). 4175:Light tanks of the United Kingdom 4114:; most modern militaries operate 4090:. The most common was the flawed 3919:self-propelled anti-aircraft guns 3850:which is capable of firing 3,900 3243:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts 2782:A T-34-85 tank on display at the 5195:"125mm APERS And Special Rounds" 5107:"The future of armoured warfare" 3793:The heat makes seeing them on a 3579:and other formations and units. 3250: 3133:armour-piercing discarding sabot 3119:and tank destroyers such as the 2882:plans for the invasion of France 91: 5461:Japanese Tanks and Tank Tactics 5201:from the original on 2010-12-04 5004:from the original on 2011-08-30 4978:from the original on 2011-12-30 4953:from the original on 2011-06-05 4165:Comparison of World War I tanks 4000:Light tanks and tank destroyers 3500:Warsaw Pact "Big Seven" threats 3401:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 2965:. The Artillery formed its own 2344:sanctioned the creation of the 4996:Maital, Shlomo (30 May 2011). 4752:: 30–37 – via EBSCOhost. 4215:Tanks of the post–Cold War era 3810:unmanned combat aerial vehicle 3780:, Israeli tanks equipped with 3615:M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle 2287:of the British Army's Colonel 1: 5021:Hunnicutt/1984/p. 6, 149, 408 2601:Bataillons de Chars de Combat 2519:British 1st Armoured Division 2391:during the Second World War. 2356:, a battalion of forty-eight 2346:Experimental Mechanized Force 2318:Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne 2251:which they met accidentally. 5057:Starry, p. 24/Zumbro, p. 470 4210:Tanks of the interwar period 4069:XM1202 Mounted Combat System 3390:2006 conflict with Hezbollah 3342:Emergence of guided missiles 3000:in World War I using French 2613:Divisions Légères Mécaniques 2474:1e Division Légère Mécanique 2180:forced on commanders on the 2154:A British heavy tank during 54:Strong Europe Tank Challenge 39:Armored Brigade (video game) 4537:Gérard Saint-Martin, 1998, 4222:Theorists and practitioners 3986:Combat engineering vehicles 3883:HAL Light Combat Helicopter 3774:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3591:armoured personnel carriers 3577:armoured training regiments 3222:National Revolutionary Army 2730:Second Battle of El Alamein 2653:British Expeditionary Force 2584:invading the east of Poland 2535:Soviet-Japanese Border Wars 2469:armoured personnel carriers 1510:Military–industrial complex 989:Operational manoeuvre group 48:A shooting contest between 5506: 5360:Mounted Combat In Vietnam. 4003: 3975:Armoured recovery vehicles 3611:infantry fighting vehicles 3596:infantry fighting vehicles 3552:Infantry fighting vehicles 3405:Israel Aircraft Industries 3240: 3209: 2746: 2736: 2716:were proving inadequate. 2700:The arrival of the German 2109:infantry fighting vehicles 2082:armoured fighting vehicles 36: 29: 5197:. Fofanov.armor.kiev.ua. 5076:Nye, Logan (2018-12-14). 4370:Nye, Logan (2018-12-14). 4318:Nye, Logan (2018-12-14). 3929:, short and medium-range 3795:forward-looking infra-red 3782:active protection systems 3755:kinetic energy (KE) round 3356:anti-tank guided missiles 3316:anti-tank guided missiles 3098:tank destroyer battalions 2967: 2689:of Maresciallo (Marshal) 2266:(18 to 22 July 1918) and 1574:Loss-of-strength gradient 431:Combat information center 4708:10.1177/0968344515623982 3981:Armoured supply vehicles 3802:anti-tank guided missile 3740:high-explosive anti-tank 3096:formed into independent 2954:self-propelled artillery 2709:General der Panzertruppe 2256:German spring offensives 2113:self-propelled artillery 2078:see spelling differences 1892:Military science fiction 1377:Technology and equipment 798:List of military tactics 5418:2008. Stackpole Books. 5401:Japanese Tanks 1939–45. 5368:Pöhlmann, Markus 1990, 4949:. UPI.com. 2010-04-06. 4024:Operation Desert Shield 3869:Similarly, a number of 2550:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 2211:first went into action 2203:and other obstacles of 1960:Wartime sexual violence 1716:Full-spectrum dominance 1527:Supply-chain management 5469:europeanfilmgateway.eu 5365:; First printing 1978. 5363:Department of the Army 5341:Perrett, Bryan, 1990, 5302:1988; Presidio Press. 5287:1984; Presidio Press. 5117:(8): 1–2. 1998-10-01. 4974:. Defense-update.com. 4844:Cite journal requires 4617:November 1995: 335–352 4487:International Security 4481:Kuo, Kendrick (2022). 4110:variant equipped with 4071: 4030: 3988:(CEV), e.g. bulldozers 3931:surface-to-air missile 3866: 3832: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3516: 3501: 3080: 3064:was also established. 2993: 2869: 2789: 2631:, assisted by massive 2546:Japanese Imperial Army 2411: 2312: 2158: 1872:Awards and decorations 1845:Peace through strength 1820:Low-intensity conflict 1454:Conscientious objector 1327:Area of responsibility 61: 5228:Naval Institute Press 5123:10.1080/1356788980485 4740:Koster, John (2017). 4675:Spartacus Educational 4626:Perrett (1990), p. 18 4566:Frieser, K-H., 2005, 4432:Perrett (1990), p. 12 4294:Tukhachevski, Mikhail 4205:Tanks in World War II 4088:M8 Armored Gun System 4066: 4017: 3864: 3830: 3693: 3681: 3662: 3507: 3499: 3074: 3017:George S. Patton, Jr. 2990: 2909:The effect of German 2867: 2781: 2681:North African theatre 2657:Evacuation of Dunkirk 2505:gave priority to the 2409: 2358:Vickers Medium Mark I 2310: 2196:as they were moving. 2153: 2096:lines through use of 464:Torpedo data computer 454:Ship gun fire-control 47: 5433:1998, Pocket Books. 5382:Stockwell, David B. 4819:. Fort Belvoir, VA. 4499:10.1162/isec_a_00446 4468:Perrett (1990) p. 14 4408:Hammond, B. (2009). 4269:Patton, George Smith 4200:Tanks in World War I 3933:systems such as the 3663:A combined force of 3628:By 1971, the larger 3570:Rotary-wing aircraft 3403:in cooperation with 3194:than the 1935 built 3062:Armored Force School 3054:2nd Armored Division 3046:1st Armored Division 3022:Adna R. Chaffee, Jr. 3013:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2695:Western Desert Force 2649:Divisions cuirassées 2467:, and fully tracked 2461:mechanised artillery 2441:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 2433:John Walter Christie 2410:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 2396:Treaty of Versailles 1990:Military occupations 1825:Military engineering 1727:Unrestricted Warfare 1584:Force multiplication 482:Military manoeuvrers 5475:on the battlefield. 5463:Chapter II: Tactics 5222:Goldman, Stuart D. 4644:Goldman p. 123, 167 4595:Goldman p. 123, 124 4450:Perrett (1990) p. 7 4441:Perrett (1990) p. 9 4284:Schwarzkopf, Norman 4264:Montgomery, Bernard 4259:von Manstein, Erich 4254:Liddell Hart, B. H. 4170:History of the tank 4116:comparable vehicles 4076:Stingray light tank 3961:Engineering support 3921:such as the German 3871:helicopter gunships 3837:A-10 Thunderbolt II 3708:mechanised infantry 3609:More heavily armed 3237:Indo-Pakistani wars 3060:, Md., and a small 2946:mechanised infantry 2821:Christie suspension 2819:. Developed on the 2457:self-propelled guns 2431:, from US designer 2429:Christie suspension 2100:by armoured units. 1676:Penal military unit 1661:Rules of engagement 1337:Command and control 962:Operations research 426:Director (military) 416:Fire-control system 186:Command and control 67:Part of a series on 5454:Tanks Encyclopedia 5384:Tanks In The Wire. 5111:Strategic Comments 4825:10.21236/ada235149 4541:, Economica, Paris 4351:www.britannica.com 4239:de Gaulle, Charles 4123:insurgency in Iraq 4072: 4031: 3955:laser range finder 3867: 3833: 3822:Loitering munition 3700: 3688: 3676: 3637:M41 Walker Bulldog 3517: 3502: 3262:. You can help by 3081: 3068:infantry support. 3009:Mark V and Mark V* 2994: 2878:conquest of Poland 2870: 2823:chassis and using 2790: 2575:Invasion of Poland 2499:Karl-Heinz Frieser 2412: 2322:B. H. Liddell Hart 2313: 2264:Battle of Soissons 2159: 1785:Counter-insurgency 1706:Command of the sea 1651:Jewish laws on war 1626:Geneva Conventions 1162:Divide and conquer 957:Military operation 922:Tactical objective 421:Fire-control radar 398:Electronic-warfare 62: 60:, Germany, in 2018 18:Mechanized warfare 5431:The Iron Cavalry. 5424:978-0-8117-0424-3 5409:978-1-84603-091-8 5398:Zaloga, Steven J. 5378:978-3-506-78355-4 5298:Hunnicutt, R. P. 5236:978-1-61251-098-9 4615:War in History II 4419:978-0-7538-2605-8 4412:. London: Orion. 4060:of World War II. 4039:main battle tanks 3895:Ka-50 Black Shark 3814:ground-attack jet 3806:attack helicopter 3804:or bomb (from an 3767:Molotov cocktails 3432:resulting in the 3283:Arab–Israeli wars 3280: 3279: 3218:Republic of China 3109:battle-worthiness 2898:7.Panzer-Division 2806:Spanish Civil War 2785:Musée des Blindés 2706:under command of 2687:10th Italian Army 2530:Spanish Civil War 2385:Naval War College 2225:trenchline system 2221:Battle of Cambrai 2140:military strategy 2080:), is the use of 2063: 2062: 1955:Horses in warfare 1902:Anti-war movement 1805:Gunboat diplomacy 1795:Disaster response 1743:Philosophy of war 1738:Principles of war 1711:Deterrence theory 1656:Right of conquest 1579:Lanchester's laws 1347:Principles of war 1037:Counter-offensive 1022:Military campaign 927:Target saturation 850:Counterinsurgency 459:Gun data computer 393:Close air support 355:Aircraft carriers 52:tanks during the 16:(Redirected from 5497: 5490:Armoured warfare 5414:Zaloga, Steven. 5338: 5325:Ballantine Books 5266: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5166: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5103: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5039:Stockwell, p. 10 5037: 5031: 5028: 5022: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4928: 4925: 4919: 4916: 4910: 4907: 4898: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4872: 4863: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4746:Military History 4737: 4728: 4727: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4667: 4658: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4578: 4564: 4555: 4548: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4478: 4469: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4315: 4274:Rawlinson, Henry 4234:Fuller, J. F. C. 4035:power projection 3891:Eurocopter Tiger 3852:depleted uranium 3788:Airborne threats 3778:Israel-Hamas war 3486:composite armour 3434:main battle tank 3306:Conversely, the 3275: 3272: 3254: 3247: 3102:Lesley J. McNair 3034:Polish Campaign. 3004:light tanks and 2972: 2971: 2927:Before the war, 2915: 2691:Rodolfo Graziani 2625:Battle of Hannut 2621:Battle of France 2526:Second World War 2484:Panzerdivisionen 2420:Five Years Plans 2268:Battle of Amiens 2254:After the final 2074:American English 2066:Armoured warfare 2055: 2048: 2041: 1810:Humanitarian aid 1748:Security dilemma 1569:Power projection 1352:Economy of force 1332:Chain of command 1047:Defence in depth 1032:Commerce raiding 855:Defeat in detail 191:Defense ministry 95: 86: 85: 76: 64: 21: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5480: 5479: 5449: 5444: 5429:Zumbro, Ralph. 5356:Starry, Donn. A 5335: 5313: 5281:Hunnicutt, R. P 5263: 5243:Guderian, Heinz 5241: 5218: 5213: 5204: 5202: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5179: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5160: 5151: 5149: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5105: 5104: 5095: 5086: 5084: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5007: 5005: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4981: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4843: 4833: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4764: 4754: 4739: 4738: 4731: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4581: 4565: 4558: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4480: 4479: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4353: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4244:Guderian, Heinz 4224: 4219: 4135: 4058:tank destroyers 4012: 4004:Main articles: 4002: 3963: 3845:GAU-8/A Avenger 3841:AGM-65 Maverick 3790: 3657: 3598:, known as the 3585: 3494: 3421: 3344: 3336:counter-battery 3285: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3260:needs expansion 3245: 3239: 3234: 3214: 3208: 3141: 3094:tank destroyers 3086: 3084:Tank destroyers 3040:established at 3038:I Armored Corps 2985: 2933:Achtung–Panzer! 2913: 2876:Even after the 2852: 2776: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2737:interwar period 2683: 2645:English Channel 2592: 2571: 2566: 2507:Royal Air Force 2404: 2366:Salisbury Plain 2326:J. F. C. Fuller 2311:J. F. C. Fuller 2305: 2300: 2298:Interwar period 2289:J. F. C. Fuller 2229:Hindenburg Line 2163:First World War 2148: 2136:decisive battle 2117:combat vehicles 2070:armored warfare 2059: 2030: 2029: 1980: 1970: 1969: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1867: 1857: 1856: 1830:Multilateralism 1815:Law enforcement 1775: 1765: 1764: 1733:Just war theory 1691: 1681: 1680: 1631:Geneva Protocol 1601: 1591: 1590: 1564: 1554: 1553: 1495: 1485: 1484: 1392: 1382: 1381: 1322: 1312: 1311: 1277: 1267: 1266: 1197:Network-centric 1117: 1107: 1106: 1014: 1004: 1003: 952: 942: 941: 890:Rapid dominance 795: 785: 784: 740:Electromagnetic 649: 639: 638: 625: 578: 526: 502: 492: 491: 487:Combat training 468: 445: 411:Combat systems: 407: 369: 365:Auxiliary ships 331: 291: 287:Military police 253: 176: 166: 165: 105: 79: 78: 77: 72: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5503: 5501: 5493: 5492: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5457: 5448: 5447:External links 5445: 5443: 5442: 5427: 5412: 5403:2007; Osprey. 5395: 5380: 5366: 5353: 5339: 5333: 5311: 5296: 5278: 5267: 5261: 5239: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5186: 5176:. 18 July 2024 5158: 5128: 5093: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5014: 4988: 4963: 4938: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4899: 4890: 4876: 4864: 4855: 4846:|journal= 4807: 4776: 4729: 4702:(3): 308–335. 4696:War in History 4686: 4659: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4556: 4543: 4530: 4528:Goldman p. 123 4521: 4512: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4443: 4434: 4425: 4418: 4400: 4387: 4362: 4335: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4299:Zhukov, Georgy 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4195:Modern warfare 4192: 4190:Mobile Warfare 4187: 4185:Mobile Defence 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4150:Cold War Tanks 4147: 4142: 4140:Armoured corps 4136: 4134: 4131: 4100:MGM-51 missile 4010:Tank destroyer 4001: 3998: 3990: 3989: 3983: 3978: 3962: 3959: 3925:or the Soviet 3887:Denel Rooivalk 3789: 3786: 3656: 3653: 3647:tanks for the 3584: 3581: 3493: 3490: 3420: 3417: 3388:In the recent 3343: 3340: 3308:Yom Kippur War 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3271:September 2019 3257: 3255: 3241:Main article: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3226:200th Division 3207: 3204: 3140: 3137: 3085: 3082: 2984: 2981: 2929:Heinz Guderian 2903:Auftragstaktik 2851: 2848: 2775: 2772: 2755: 2752: 2749:Deep operation 2747:Main article: 2744: 2741: 2682: 2679: 2641:Heinz Guderian 2633:carpet bombing 2591: 2588: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2503:United Kingdom 2403: 2400: 2330:road transport 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2190:trench warfare 2147: 2144: 2128:trench warfare 2090:methods of war 2086:modern warfare 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1995:Military terms 1992: 1987: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1753:Tripwire force 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1275:Administrative 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1202:New generation 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1177:Fleet in being 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1115:Grand strategy 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1102:Scorched earth 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 979:Deep operation 976: 971: 964: 959: 953: 948: 947: 944: 943: 940: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 908: 907: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 826: 825: 820: 815: 805: 796: 791: 790: 787: 786: 783: 782: 780:Unconventional 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 728: 726:Disinformation 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 697: 696: 691: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 645: 644: 641: 640: 637: 636: 631: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 619: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 577: 576: 575: 574: 573: 572: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 525: 524: 523: 522: 517: 512: 503: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 484: 479: 477:Basic training 474: 467: 466: 461: 456: 451: 444: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 406: 405: 403:Reconnaissance 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 330: 329: 324: 322:Special forces 319: 314: 313: 312: 302: 297: 290: 289: 284: 279: 277:Reconnaissance 274: 269: 264: 259: 252: 251: 242: 237: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 172: 171: 168: 167: 164: 163: 162: 161: 156: 146: 145: 144: 139: 129: 128: 127: 120:Post-classical 117: 112: 106: 101: 100: 97: 96: 88: 87: 69: 68: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5502: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5439:0-671-01390-4 5436: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5392:0-515-10333-0 5389: 5385: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5351:0-85368-993-8 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5334:0-345-24440-0 5330: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5308:0-89141-304-9 5305: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5293:0-89141-230-1 5290: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5275:0-8131-2130-2 5272: 5268: 5264: 5262:0-306-81101-4 5258: 5254: 5253:Da Capo Press 5250: 5249: 5248:Panzer Leader 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5175: 5174:The Economist 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5147: 5146: 5145:The Economist 5141: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5048:Starry, p. 73 5045: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5003: 5000:. Jpost.com. 4999: 4992: 4989: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4939: 4933: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4851: 4838: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788:(31): 26–34. 4787: 4780: 4777: 4772: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4363: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4311: 4305: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279:Rommel, Erwin 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4249:Hobart, Percy 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4229:Franks, Tommy 4227: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4155:Combined arms 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092:M551 Sheridan 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3927:9K22 Tunguska 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915:air supremacy 3911: 3908: 3907:Westland Lynx 3904: 3903:A129 Mangusta 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3732:mobility kill 3727: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3649:M551 Sheridan 3646: 3642: 3641:M48A3 Pattons 3638: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3498: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3301:unit cohesion 3298: 3294: 3293:1956 Suez War 3289: 3282: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3258:This section 3256: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3090:combined arms 3083: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3052:, became the 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2983:United States 2982: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2969:Sturmgeschütz 2964: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2825:sloped armour 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788:in April 2007 2787: 2786: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2764:Triandafillov 2761: 2753: 2750: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617:Low Countries 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605:Manstein Plan 2602: 2597: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542:Georgy Zhukov 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:armoured cars 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2408: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:United States 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2354:armoured cars 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2249:Mark IV tanks 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237:German Empire 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:no-man's land 2202: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182:Western Front 2179: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132:Western Front 2129: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Warrior caste 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1852:Show of force 1850: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Peacebuilding 1838: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1696:Air supremacy 1694: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1636:Islamic rules 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1616:Court-martial 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1515:Arms industry 1513: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1132:Broken-backed 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 974:Expeditionary 972: 970: 969: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 951: 946: 945: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 906: 903: 902: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 845:Counterattack 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 804: 801: 800: 799: 794: 789: 788: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 770:Psychological 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 706:Combined arms 704: 702: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 648: 643: 642: 635: 632: 630: 627: 626: 618: 615: 614: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 583: 580: 579: 571: 568: 567: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 545:Fortification 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 531: 528: 527: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 505: 504: 501: 496: 495: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 408: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 366: 363: 361: 360:Landing craft 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 332: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 311: 308: 307: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 250: 246: 245:Standing army 243: 241: 238: 236: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 175: 170: 169: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 143: 140: 138: 137:pike and shot 135: 134: 133: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 104: 99: 98: 94: 90: 89: 83: 75: 70: 66: 65: 59: 55: 51: 46: 40: 33: 19: 5460: 5453: 5430: 5415: 5400: 5383: 5369: 5359: 5342: 5319: 5299: 5284: 5247: 5223: 5203:. Retrieved 5189: 5178:. Retrieved 5173: 5150:. Retrieved 5148:. 2024-07-16 5143: 5114: 5110: 5085:. Retrieved 5082:Military.com 5081: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5006:. Retrieved 4991: 4980:. Retrieved 4966: 4955:. Retrieved 4941: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4893: 4879: 4858: 4837:cite journal 4810: 4786:Army History 4785: 4779: 4758:cite journal 4749: 4745: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4678:. Retrieved 4674: 4671:"Blitzkrieg" 4655:David Glantz 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4614: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4567: 4551: 4546: 4538: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4493:(2): 48–87. 4490: 4486: 4464: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4409: 4403: 4395: 4390: 4379:. Retrieved 4376:Military.com 4375: 4365: 4354:. Retrieved 4350: 4327:. Retrieved 4324:Military.com 4323: 4313: 4120: 4112:TOW missiles 4073: 4051: 4043: 4032: 3994:transporters 3991: 3966: 3964: 3912: 3879:AH-64 Apache 3868: 3834: 3799: 3791: 3771: 3763: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3684:Leclerc tank 3669:Bradley IFVs 3655:21st century 3645:M48A3 Patton 3627: 3625:light tank. 3613:such as the 3608: 3599: 3586: 3574: 3564: 3556:Soviet Union 3550: 3526: 3518: 3471: 3466: 3450:M26 Pershing 3442: 3438:World War II 3422: 3398: 3387: 3379: 3375:Soviet Union 3364: 3352: 3345: 3320: 3305: 3290: 3286: 3268: 3264:adding to it 3259: 3215: 3200: 3191: 3173: 3169:medium tanks 3142: 3125: 3113:M26 Pershing 3108: 3106: 3087: 3066: 3050:Fort Benning 3026: 2995: 2974: 2963:Panzertruppe 2962: 2958:breakthrough 2932: 2926: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2901: 2897: 2894:Erwin Rommel 2890: 2885: 2875: 2871: 2857:Panzertruppe 2855: 2853: 2833: 2814: 2791: 2783: 2768: 2760:Tukhachevsky 2757: 2743:Soviet Union 2734: 2718: 2713:Erwin Rommel 2707: 2703:Afrika Korps 2701: 2699: 2684: 2670:geostrategic 2667: 2660: 2648: 2637:Erwin Rommel 2612: 2600: 2593: 2578: 2572: 2564:World War II 2523: 2515:British Army 2488: 2482: 2472: 2449: 2416:Soviet Union 2413: 2393: 2389:North Africa 2382: 2378:Soviet Union 2339: 2335: 2314: 2293: 2281: 2272: 2259: 2253: 2233: 2217:Schneider CA 2213:at the Somme 2209:Mark I tanks 2198: 2186:machine guns 2160: 2138:outcomes in 2115:, and other 2102: 2069: 2065: 2064: 1965:Fifth column 1945:War resister 1940:Women in war 1835:Peacekeeping 1780:Arms control 1725: 1414:Mobilization 1409:Conscription 1367:Intelligence 1320:Organization 966: 895:Encirclement 775:Radiological 711:Conventional 658: 565:Subterranean 472:Development: 471: 448: 410: 372: 335:Naval units: 334: 327:Signal corps 294: 272:Intelligence 257:Specialties: 256: 181:Organization 132:Early modern 5358:, General. 4289:Tal, Israel 4084:B1 Centauro 3899:Mi-28 Havoc 3875:AH-1Z Viper 3848:Gatling gun 3694:The German 3583:Vietnam War 3521:Warsaw Pact 3510:OT-62 TOPAS 3492:Warsaw Pact 3469:West German 3423:During the 3367:AT-3 Sagger 3297:Six-Day War 3291:During the 3165:light tanks 3121:M18 Hellcat 3079:, June 1944 3029:French Army 2976:Panzerjäger 2948:(riding in 2931:had in his 2886:Schwerpunkt 2840:Tank Armies 2726:1st Alamein 2579:Panzerwaffe 2524:Before the 2490:Panzerwaffe 2479:Nazi Regime 2465:half-tracks 2445:deep battle 2201:barbed wire 2188:– known as 2171:operational 2156:World War I 2146:World War I 2125:World War I 1950:War studies 1773:Non-warfare 1701:Appeasement 1666:Martial law 1505:War economy 1444:Transgender 1397:Recruitment 1157:Containment 1042:Culminating 950:Operational 870:Envelopment 813:Air assault 694:Air cavalry 654:Air defence 634:Information 535:Cold-region 500:Battlespace 449:Historical: 295:Land units: 221:Space force 216:Coast guard 149:Late modern 110:Prehistoric 50:Leopard 2A6 5216:References 5205:2011-12-28 5180:2024-08-14 5152:2024-08-14 5087:2022-01-28 5008:2011-12-28 4982:2011-12-28 4957:2011-12-28 4767:|url= 4680:2019-12-02 4576:1591142946 4381:2022-01-28 4356:2022-01-28 4329:2022-01-28 4145:Blitzkrieg 4006:Light tank 3619:Gun trucks 3604:light tank 3473:Bundeswehr 3324:turboshaft 3232:After 1945 3210:See also: 3178:armour at 3117:M4 Sherman 3058:Fort Meade 3002:Renault FT 2998:Tank Corps 2950:halftracks 2836:Blitzkrieg 2810:Winter War 2596:Phoney War 2511:Royal Navy 2495:Blitzkrieg 2447:doctrine. 2376:, and the 2362:Birch guns 2342:War Office 2194:small arms 2178:stalemates 2010:War crimes 2000:Operations 1907:Foot drill 1877:Battle cry 1790:deterrence 1449:Harassment 1424:Specialism 1247:Technology 1242:Succession 1187:Liberation 1122:Asymmetric 1057:Empty fort 968:Blitzkrieg 937:Withdrawal 900:Investment 679:Camouflage 674:Biological 612:Underwater 587:Amphibious 506:Aerospace 373:Air units: 350:Submarines 159:fourth-gen 154:industrial 142:napoleonic 58:Grafenwöhr 5317:(1971) . 5245:(2001) . 4794:1546-5330 4724:151367404 4716:0968-3445 4507:253225173 4080:AMX 10 RC 3816:or small 3720:hull-down 3665:M1 Abrams 3478:Leopard I 3462:Centurion 3458:M1 Abrams 3383:Spike/Gil 3348:anti-tank 3332:artillery 3328:M1 Abrams 3326:-powered 3188:M3 Stuart 3088:The U.S. 3042:Fort Knox 2573:In their 2437:BT series 2350:tankettes 2285:Plan 1919 2175:strategic 2098:manoeuvre 2094:defensive 1897:War novel 1800:Grey-zone 1760:War games 1721:Overmatch 1671:War crime 1621:Desertion 1611:Ceasefire 1606:Armistice 1493:Logistics 1471:Mercenary 1459:Volunteer 1390:Personnel 1362:Engineers 1307:Sociology 1262:World war 1257:Total war 1237:Strategic 1227:Religious 1212:Political 1207:Perpetual 1182:Irregular 1097:Offensive 1072:Defensive 1067:Deception 1027:Attrition 880:Guerrilla 875:Formation 818:Airbridge 750:Loitering 664:Artillery 317:Artillery 267:Engineers 235:Irregular 206:Air force 5484:Category 5199:Archived 5002:Archived 4976:Archived 4951:Archived 4829:Archived 4802:26304190 4133:See also 4028:Gulf War 4020:AMX-10RC 3967:armoured 3673:Gulf War 3514:Slovakia 3425:Cold War 3415:border. 3180:Nomonhan 3077:Saint-Lô 3020:States. 2938:infantry 2919:Char B1 2798:Nomonhan 2722:Crusader 2674:hegemony 2662:Fall Rot 2609:Ardennes 2558:Mongolia 2554:Nomonhan 2424:Red Army 2260:en masse 2167:tactical 2121:doctrine 1912:War song 1887:War film 1520:Materiel 1439:Children 1419:Training 1357:Medicine 1342:Doctrine 1297:Training 1232:Resource 1217:Princely 1167:Economic 1152:Conquest 1147:Colonial 1142:Cold war 1127:Blockade 1012:Strategy 984:Maneuver 745:Infantry 701:Chemical 555:Mountain 515:Airborne 378:Fighters 345:Warships 300:Infantry 226:Reserves 174:Military 4769:value ( 4108:Stryker 4026:in the 4022:during 4018:French 3716:terrain 3667:tanks, 3373:by the 3312:Israeli 3196:Type 95 3161:Type 97 3157:Type 95 3145:warship 3006:British 2942:cavalry 2850:Germany 2774:Wartime 2754:Pre-war 2548:at the 2539:General 2374:Germany 2262:at the 2130:on the 2025:Writers 2020:Weapons 1985:Battles 1934:Related 1922:Wargame 1917:Uniform 1865:Culture 1646:Perfidy 1641:Justice 1562:Science 1547:Outpost 1500:History 1480:Warrior 1476:Soldier 1464:foreign 1402:counter 1302:Service 1252:Theater 1192:Limited 1172:Endemic 1087:Nuclear 860:Foxhole 835:Cavalry 823:Airdrop 808:Airlift 793:Tactics 765:Nuclear 755:Missile 684:Cavalry 669:Barrage 647:Weapons 607:Surface 388:Command 383:Bombers 340:Frogman 310:Cavalry 282:Medical 249:Militia 231:Regular 211:Marines 125:castles 115:Ancient 103:History 82:outline 5437: 5422: 5407: 5390: 5386:1990. 5376: 5349: 5331: 5306: 5291: 5273: 5259: 5234: 5226:2012, 5066:Starry 4909:Zaloga 4800: 4792: 4765:Check 4722: 4714: 4574: 4505: 4416: 4394:p.27, 3923:Gepard 3759:breech 3736:m-kill 3448:. The 3446:MBT-70 3409:Trophy 3394:Kornet 3176:Soviet 2914:'s 2911:Panzer 2802:Zhukov 2590:France 2569:Poland 2513:. The 2227:, the 2005:Sieges 1689:Theory 1429:Morale 1287:Policy 1282:Branch 1062:Mosaic 1052:Fabian 999:Covert 932:Trench 917:Screen 840:Charge 830:Battle 803:Aerial 721:Denial 689:Horses 617:Seabed 570:Tunnel 550:Jungle 540:Desert 510:Aerial 4798:JSTOR 4720:S2CID 4503:S2CID 4306:Notes 3947:SA-19 3943:SA-11 3856:SU-25 3818:drone 3747:berms 3623:PT-76 3567:Mi-24 3560:BMP-1 3371:Egypt 3360:BMP-1 3206:China 3192:newer 3139:Japan 2629:Meuse 2402:1930s 2303:1920s 2276:flank 2105:tanks 1978:Lists 1434:Women 1372:Ranks 1292:Staff 1222:Proxy 1137:Class 1092:Naval 1077:Depth 912:Swarm 905:Siege 885:Naval 865:Drone 760:Music 735:Robot 731:Drone 716:Cyber 659:Armor 629:Cyber 602:Green 597:Brown 560:Urban 520:Space 441:Radar 436:Sonar 305:Armor 262:Staff 240:Ranks 5435:ISBN 5420:ISBN 5405:ISBN 5388:ISBN 5374:ISBN 5347:ISBN 5329:ISBN 5304:ISBN 5289:ISBN 5271:ISBN 5257:ISBN 5232:ISBN 4850:help 4790:ISSN 4771:help 4712:ISSN 4572:ISBN 4414:ISBN 4127:IEDs 4106:, a 4096:CLGP 4082:and 4054:ATGM 4047:M113 4008:and 3951:T-90 3941:and 3939:SA-8 3935:SA-6 3905:and 3696:Puma 3634:ARVN 3630:T-54 3600:ACAV 3588:M113 3541:ATGW 3537:T-80 3535:and 3533:T-72 3529:T-64 3519:The 3467:The 3429:NATO 3419:NATO 3413:Gaza 3295:and 3216:The 3186:and 3184:M2A4 3015:and 2817:T-34 2762:and 2639:and 2509:and 2427:the 2352:and 2324:and 2173:and 2015:Wars 1532:Base 1082:Goal 994:Raid 592:Blue 530:Land 201:Navy 196:Army 5119:doi 4821:doi 4704:doi 4495:doi 3734:" ( 3606:." 3558:'s 3546:ERA 3482:AMX 3454:M60 3380:see 3266:. 3224:'s 3220:'s 3153:IJA 3149:IJN 3129:M36 2940:or 2921:bis 2556:in 2552:at 2241:A7V 2084:in 2068:or 1599:Law 1542:FOB 1537:MOB 582:Sea 74:War 56:in 5486:: 5327:. 5283:. 5255:. 5230:. 5172:. 5161:^ 5142:. 5131:^ 5113:. 5109:. 5096:^ 5080:. 4902:^ 4867:^ 4841:: 4839:}} 4835:{{ 4827:. 4796:. 4762:: 4760:}} 4756:{{ 4750:34 4748:. 4744:. 4732:^ 4718:. 4710:. 4700:24 4698:. 4673:. 4662:^ 4559:^ 4501:. 4491:47 4489:. 4485:. 4473:^ 4374:. 4349:. 4338:^ 4322:. 4118:. 4078:, 4049:. 4041:. 3957:. 3937:, 3901:, 3897:, 3893:, 3889:, 3885:, 3881:, 3877:, 3858:. 3812:, 3808:, 3682:A 3488:. 3440:. 3427:, 3303:. 3123:. 2732:. 2724:, 2697:. 2665:. 2459:, 2455:, 2372:, 2320:, 2231:. 2169:, 2142:. 2111:, 2076:; 1478:/ 733:/ 247:/ 233:/ 5441:. 5426:. 5411:. 5394:. 5337:. 5310:. 5295:. 5277:. 5265:. 5238:. 5208:. 5183:. 5155:. 5125:. 5121:: 5115:4 5090:. 5011:. 4985:. 4960:. 4887:. 4852:) 4848:( 4823:: 4804:. 4773:) 4726:. 4706:: 4683:. 4509:. 4497:: 4422:. 4384:. 4359:. 4332:. 3730:" 3378:( 3273:) 3269:( 2072:( 2054:e 2047:t 2040:v 84:) 80:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index