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subsists mostly on cereals, but will also feed upon other types of grain and vegetables, such as potatoes. The meal moth's larvae are also interesting because they feed on all parts of the grain plant and do not seem to have any preference for one part of another. The larvae are equally likely to eat
450:
are ellipsoid in shape and very wrinkled with creases running lengthwise along the egg. These wrinkles form a reticulated pattern on the surface of the egg. Eggs are usually laid between two and five days after copulation and hatch after a nine-day incubation period. A healthy female produces an
377:
has been described as a "cosmopolitan" species, which means its range extends across most of the world. It is found all across the United States, but is mostly found along the eastern coast. This moth is most commonly seen in the
Northeastern region. It is also found in Great Britain, in the
361:
is a species that is well adapted to living among humans and the urbanization that comes along with them. Though considered a pest to most since it can decimate grain storages, humans have found uses for the moth. In
Chinese culture it is the main ingredient of
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is typically found in silos or other grain storage buildings where the grain is stored poorly and moisture is able to infiltrate the grain supply. Places where refuse vegetable matter is able to accumulate are more likely to house
331:
of 18–30 mm. Adults fly from June to August. Adults do not live long after mating and eggs hatch quickly, which leads this moth to have a quick life cycle and be able to produce multiple generations within a single year.
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typically completes its entire life cycle in the course of eight weeks, and is capable of producing four generations within a year. Fast life cycles in these moths allow them to reproduce and grow their populations rapidly.
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Because of the meal moth's extensive appetite for cereals and grains, it is considered a pest by agriculturists. If grain is not stored properly, then a colony of meal moths can do considerable damage to the crop.
818:
Arbogast, Richard T.; Van Byrd, Richard (1981-01-01). "External morphology of the eggs of the meal moth, pyralis farinalis (L.), and the murky meal moth, Aglossa caprealis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)".
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Adults are usually fully developed between 60–65 days after oviposition. Virgin adults would then mate as quickly as possible. Once mated, males and females would usually only live for nine to ten more days.
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spend most of their time out of sight of predators and humans. They live in tunnels of silk and meal particles which keep them safe from predators and they come to the openings of these tunnels to feed.
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prefers to live in detritus and has been found in non-urban areas in almond orchards. Meal moths can live in various habitats of damp, moist plant debris, but also even in poultry manure.
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Once fully grown, the caterpillars leave their tubes and spin a cocoon where they will develop into an adult. After 6–8 weeks the pupae will emerge as fully developed adults.
612:
and scientists have been studying optimum temperatures for which the moth is able to grow and develop best in the hopes of being able to cultivate the moths for insect tea.
1244:
791:
Landolt, P. J.; Curtis, C. E. (1982). "Interspecific Sexual
Attraction between Pyralis farinalis L. and Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)".
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366:." This drink is popular enough that scientists have been studying the moth's optimum growth conditions so they can possibly cultivate it for commercial use.
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Curtis, Charles E.; Landolt, Peter J. (1992-07-01). "Development and life history of
Pyralis farinalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on an artificial diet".
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R. T. Cotton; Newell
Emanuel Good; United States. Dept. of Agriculture; United States. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine (1937).
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Annotated list of the insects and mites associated with stored grain and cereal products, and of their arthropod parasites and predators
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899:"Microbiome-Guided Exploration of the Microbial Assemblage of the Exotic Beverage "Insect Tea" Native to Southwestern China"
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Mao, Xin; Kusstatscher, Peter; Li, Haoxi; Chen, Xiaoyulong; Berg, Gabriele; Yang, Maofa; Cernava, Tomislav (2020).
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235:
80:
566:. It is hypothesized that these two species share the sex pheromone (Z,Z)-11,13-hexa decadienal which female
355:. However, it has been found in almond orchards among plant detritus and poultry farms among chicken manure.
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and some other locations – particularly outside its natural range – it is mostly restricted to
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An odd behavior that male meal moths exhibit is the attempt to mate with other species, such as
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at 90° to their body. Their upperwings are fairly colourful by moth standards, and have a
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718:"Meal Moth Pyralis farinalis Linnaeus, 1758 | Butterflies and Moths of North America"
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females, but it is unlikely that offspring of these copulations would be viable.
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are also attracted to this pheromone and will court and copulate with
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than grain storage buildings where the environment is clean and dry.
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Originally thought to be biennial species, it has been found that
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608:" in China. In China, the moth lives on the host plant of
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International
Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology
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is parasitized by a number of species. These include:
743:"Lepidoptera of the Falkland Islands: (1) Pyraloidea"
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use to attract males of their species. However, male
1002:. Version of 25 April 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
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The
Principal Household Insects of the United States
30:"Meal moth" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1018:
693:
Integrated
Management of Insects in Stored Products
747:The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation
312:("as close as a brother"), or the currently-valid
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842:
300:habits were noted even by 18th- and 19th-century
458:Figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d larvae in various stages
771:Howard, Leland Ossian; Marlatt, C. L. (1896).
420:a cereal plant's seed, bran, husk, or straw.
8:
793:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
70:The underwings have no conspicuous pattern
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968:Zeitschrift des Wiener Entomologen-Vereins
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994:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
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1345:9d8b3836-8daf-4969-b405-8ccb9e27f66b
1211:4e683610-f379-4caf-af1b-241a99fc0e46
600:One of the most surprising uses for
304:, who described it using terms like
851:Journal of Stored Products Research
753:: 137–143 – via ResearchGate.
777:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
323:) typically hold the tip of their
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280:, and by extension of its entire
690:Subramanyam, Bhadriraju (1995).
260:of certain stored foods, namely
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741:Wakeham-Dawson, Andrew (2009).
628:See references in Savela (2009)
1:
863:10.1016/0022-474X(92)90037-Q
833:10.1016/0020-7322(81)90022-2
1437:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
722:www.butterfliesandmoths.org
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986:. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
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1422:Agricultural pest insects
903:Frontiers in Microbiology
604:is its use in producing "
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992:(2009): Markku Savela's
982:(2010): UKMoths –
916:10.3389/fmicb.2019.03087
582:Interactions with humans
551:Female/male interactions
308:("of home and hearth"),
1427:Moths described in 1758
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319:At rest, adult moths (
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1206:Fauna Europaea (new)
563:Amyelois transitella
535:Metacoelus mansuetos
530:Goniozus columbianus
587:Pest of crop plants
540:Melanophora roralis
343:habitats of stored
1432:Cosmopolitan moths
525:Apantales carpatus
510:Meteorus ictericus
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316:("of the flour").
296:) and family. Its
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1366:Open Tree of Life
1097:Pyralis-farinalis
1077:Pyralis_farinalis
1064:Pyralis_farinalis
1050:Pyralis farinalis
1020:Pyralis farinalis
1012:Taxon identifiers
703:978-0-8247-9522-1
652:www.cabdirect.org
520:Lespidea tarsalis
415:As caterpillars,
375:Pyralis farinalis
227:Pyralis farinalis
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185:Pyralis farinalis
167:P. farinalis
56:Adult from above
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380:Falkland Islands
370:Geographic range
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725:. Retrieved
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655:. Retrieved
651:
648:"CAB Direct"
642:
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602:P. farinalis
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572:P. farinalis
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448:P. farinalis
447:
446:The eggs of
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430:P. farinalis
429:
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424:Life history
417:P. farinalis
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400:P. farinalis
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396:P. farinalis
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391:P. farinalis
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359:P. farinalis
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306:domesticalis
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298:synanthropic
275:
269:type species
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254:caterpillars
236:cosmopolitan
231:
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36:
1304:NatureServe
1232:iNaturalist
1084:AfroMoths:
1044:Wikispecies
980:Kimber, Ian
975:(in German)
973:: 105–109.
515:Tetrasticus
463:Caterpillar
411:Caterpillar
302:naturalists
133:Lepidoptera
1411:Categories
1296:PyralFarin
727:2017-10-25
657:2017-10-25
616:References
606:insect tea
556:Pheromones
437:Life cycle
364:insect tea
353:warehouses
267:It is the
113:Arthropoda
42:Meal moth
32:Flour moth
984:Meal Moth
925:1664-302X
498:Parasites
314:farinalis
294:Pyralinae
290:subfamily
246:Pyralidae
232:meal moth
161:Species:
143:Pyralidae
99:Kingdom:
93:Eukaryota
18:Meal moth
1417:Pyralini
1309:2.745753
1293:MaBENA:
1258:LepIndex
1250:10861754
1128:BugGuide
1104:BioLib:
1094:BAMONA:
1087:PYRAFARI
1029:Wikidata
996:–
962:(1942):
943:32063890
909:: 3087.
805:25084280
329:wingspan
321:imagines
310:fraterna
286:Pyralini
206:Synonyms
193:Linnaeus
139:Family:
109:Phylum:
103:Animalia
89:Domain:
1224:1872901
1035:Q505182
999:Aglossa
934:7000658
493:Enemies
386:Habitat
347:, e.g.
325:abdomen
277:Pyralis
271:of the
241:of the
234:, is a
154:Pyralis
149:Genus:
129:Order:
123:Insecta
119:Class:
1394:989302
1381:412776
1378:uBio:
1371:929861
1342:NZOR:
1335:687122
1237:199870
1198:442568
1185:306065
1172:PYRAFA
1159:171824
941:
931:
923:
803:
700:
546:Mating
262:milled
256:) are
250:larvae
248:. Its
243:family
230:, the
1389:WoRMS
1358:20190
1270:LoB:
1263:17108
1245:IRMNG
1180:EUNIS
1146:4QQ43
1133:12988
1120:20108
1107:49981
801:JSTOR
484:Adult
476:Pupae
349:barns
345:grain
282:tribe
273:genus
258:pests
1330:NCBI
1286:5510
1281:MONA
1273:4657
1219:GBIF
1167:EPPO
1115:BOLD
939:PMID
921:ISSN
698:ISBN
351:and
239:moth
197:1758
1317:NBN
1154:EoL
1141:CoL
1072:AFD
1059:ADW
929:PMC
911:doi
859:doi
829:doi
751:121
442:Egg
335:In
288:),
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855:28
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841:^
825:10
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884:2
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