520:
535:, rates of disease were so high that infection was felt to be "as inevitable as death and taxes." Reported cases of measles in the United States fell from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands per year following introduction of the vaccine in 1963. Increasing uptake of the vaccine following outbreaks in 1971, and 1977, brought this down to thousands of cases per year in the 1980s. An outbreak of almost 30,000 cases in 1990 led to a renewed push for vaccination and the addition of a second vaccine to the recommended schedule. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the US each year between 1997 and 2013, and the disease is no longer considered endemic there.
1066:
836:
580:
825:
6428:
409:. The first dose is generally given to children around 9 months to 15 months of age, with a second dose at 15 months to 6 years of age, with at least four weeks between the doses. After two doses, 97% of people are protected against measles, 88% against mumps, and at least 97% against rubella. The vaccine is also recommended for those who do not have evidence of
74:
6468:
6456:
564:. This individual returned to a community with many unvaccinated children. The resulting outbreak infected 34 people, mostly children and virtually all unvaccinated; 9% were hospitalized, and the cost of containing the outbreak was estimated at $ 167,685. A major epidemic was averted due to high rates of vaccination in the surrounding communities.
496:
425:
has decreased to 122,000 deaths per year as of 2012, mostly in low-income countries. Through vaccination, as of 2018, rates of measles in North and South
America are very low. Rates of disease have been seen to increase in populations that go unvaccinated. Between 2000 and 2018, vaccination decreased measles deaths by 73%.
644:, the first dose typically at twelve months of age. The second dose may be given as early as one month after the first dose. The second dose is a dose to produce immunity in the small number of persons (2–5%) who fail to develop measles immunity after the first dose. In the US it is done before entry to
510:
The combined MMR vaccine induces immunity less painfully than three separate injections at the same time, and sooner and more efficiently than three injections given on different dates. Public Health
England reports that providing a single combined vaccine as of 1988, rather than giving the option to
732:
rash and an increased tendency to bleed that resolves within two months in children), occurring in 1 to 20,000 cases. Approximately 1 in 40,000 children are thought to acquire ITP in the six weeks following an MMR vaccination. ITP below the age of six years is generally a mild disease, rarely having
559:
in many areas of the world. Although it was declared eliminated from the US in 2000, high rates of vaccination and good communication with people who refuse vaccination are needed to prevent outbreaks and sustain the elimination of measles in the US. Of the 66 cases of measles reported in the US in
424:
The MMR vaccine is widely used around the world. Worldwide over 500 million doses were administered between 1999 and 2004, and 575 million doses have been administered since the vaccine's introduction worldwide. Measles resulted in 2.6 million deaths per year before immunization became common. This
811:
Administering the vaccines in three separate doses does not reduce the chance of adverse effects, and it increases the opportunity for infection by the two diseases not immunized against first. Health experts have criticized media reporting of the MMR-autism controversy for triggering a decline in
1039:
In a 2012 study pediatricians and family doctors were sent a survey to gauge their awareness of the increased risk of febrile seizures (fever fits) in the MMRV. 74% of family doctors and 29% of pediatricians were unaware of the increased risk of febrile seizures. After reading an informational
691:, with permission to also add "difficulty walking" to the package inserts. A 2012 IOM report found that the measles component of the MMR vaccine can cause measles inclusion body encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. This report also rejected any connection between the MMR vaccine and
506:
concluded that the "Existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of MMR and MMRV vaccine supports current policies of mass immunisation aimed at global measles eradication in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with measles mumps rubella and varicella."
812:
vaccination rates. Before publication of
Wakefield's article, the inoculation rate for MMR in the UK was 92%; after publication, the rate dropped to below 80%. In 1998, there were 56 measles cases in the UK; by 2008, there were 1348 cases, with two confirmed deaths.
815:
In Japan, the MMR triplet is not used. Immunity is achieved by a combination vaccine for measles and rubella, followed up later with a mumps only vaccine. This has had no effect on autism rates in the country, further disproving the MMR autism hypothesis.
1040:
statement only 7% of family doctors and 20% of pediatricians would recommend the MMRV for a healthy 12- to 15-month-old child. The factor that was reported as the "most important" deciding factor in recommending the MMRV over the MMR+V was
538:
The benefit of measles vaccination in preventing illness, disability, and death has been well documented. The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the US prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of
444:. The vaccine is safe to give at the same time as other vaccines. Being recently immunized does not increase the risk of passing measles, mumps, or rubella on to others. There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and
2476:
Vesikari T, Sadzot-Delvaux C, Rentier B, Gershon A (July 2007). "Increasing coverage and efficiency of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and introducing universal varicella vaccination in Europe: a role for the combined vaccine".
1491:"Measles, mumps, and rubella--vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
551:
led to improvements in measles vaccination coverage that averted an estimated 1.4 million measles deaths worldwide. Between 2000 and 2018, measles vaccination resulted in a 73% decrease in deaths from the disease.
1035:
of 9 per 10,000 vaccinations with MMRV, as opposed to 4 per 10,000 for separate MMR and varicella shots; US health officials therefore do not express a preference for use of MMRV vaccine over separate injections.
4243:
2003:
567:
In 2017, an outbreak of measles occurred among the Somali-American community in
Minnesota, where MMR vaccination rates had declined due to the misconception that the vaccine could cause autism. The US
2754:
702:
The number of reports on neurological disorders is very small, other than evidence for an association between a form of the MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain and rare adverse events of
3208:
714:
mumps strain instead. The Urabe strain remains in use in a number of countries; MMR with the Urabe strain is much cheaper to manufacture than with the Jeryl Lynn strain, and a strain with higher
277:
721:
A Cochrane review found that, compared with placebo, MMR vaccine was associated with fewer upper respiratory tract infections, more irritability, and a similar number of other adverse effects.
3983:
Young ML, Dickstein B, Weibel RE, Stokes J, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR (November 1967). "Experiences with Jeryl Lynn strain live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in a pediatric outpatient clinic".
3585:"Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorder: report from the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12-13, 2000"
3727:
1188:
232:
1248:
1218:
368:
5606:
1640:
648:
because that is a convenient time. Areas where measles is common typically recommend the first dose at nine months of age and the second dose at fifteen months of age.
4232:
6365:
3230:
The
Editors of The Lancet (February 2010). "Retraction—Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children".
2784:
4749:
3345:
1995:
4638:
2798:
144:
4789:
4784:
2193:
Bloch AB, Orenstein WA, Stetler HC, Wassilak SG, Amler RW, Bart KJ, et al. (October 1985). "Health impact of measles vaccination in the United States".
1041:
1031:(chickenpox) vaccine, has been proposed as a replacement for the MMR vaccine to simplify administration of the vaccines. Preliminary data indicate a rate of
4192:
O'Leary ST, Suh CA, Marin M (November 2012). "Febrile seizures and measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine: what do primary care physicians think?".
761:
or other disorders acquired soon after administration of MMR vaccine, while supporting a competing vaccine. In 2010, Wakefield's research was found by the
3199:
4500:
4449:
4030:
3474:
3444:
2524:
2157:
1709:
1467:
1357:
1121:. This has caused reduced take-up among some communities, despite the fact that alternative vaccines without pig derivatives are approved and available.
793:
568:
6508:
3794:
Wellington K, Goa KL (2003). "Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (Priorix; GSK-MMR): a review of its use in the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella".
2669:
Schattner A (June 2005). "Consequence or coincidence? The occurrence, pathogenesis and significance of autoimmune manifestations after viral vaccines".
2641:
4551:
4279:
3951:
2520:
5833:
3915:
5186:
850:
eggs. This produced strains of virus which were adapted for chicken cells and less well-suited for human cells. These strains are therefore called
6358:
1970:
4799:
4096:"Application of a fast and cost-effective 'three-in-one' MMR ELISA as a tool for surveying anti-MMR humoral immunity: the Hungarian experience"
3304:
5657:
5585:
3523:
3305:"General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct"
2892:
2843:
2445:
1549:
5191:
4145:"Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine"
2906:
1280:
684:
1713:
710:
stopped using the Urabe mumps strain in the early 1990s due to cases of transient mild viral meningitis, and switched to a form using the
3440:
3181:
1676:
792:
Since
Wakefield's publication, multiple peer-reviewed studies have failed to show any association between the vaccine and autism. The US
6493:
5975:
5748:
5223:
4901:
4754:
1180:
1158:
5633:
4970:
4940:
4573:
4457:
2165:
1002:(GSK) MMR vaccine known as Pluserix "contains the Schwarz measles virus, the Jeryl Lynn–like mumps strain, and RA27/3 rubella virus".
3558:
6372:
5045:
4395:
4362:
4329:
4073:
3478:
2379:
1361:
1152:
718:
along with a somewhat higher rate of mild side effects may still have the advantage of reduced incidence of overall adverse events.
4406:
2171:
475:
had been previously licensed in 1963, 1967, and 1969, respectively. Recommendations for a second dose were introduced in 1989. The
6379:
5612:
4582:
4034:
5196:
2412:
1240:
1210:
6396:
6305:
5233:
5201:
5025:
4975:
725:
262:
176:
5291:
3741:
Honda H, Shimizu Y, Rutter M (June 2005). "No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study".
1096:
This is a vaccine that covers measles and rubella but not mumps. As of 2014, it was used in a "few (unidentified) countries".
6351:
4896:
3414:
1632:
1049:
2451:
3692:
3282:
6488:
5713:
5089:
4794:
3337:
4167:
2803:
2312:
2125:
2084:
1598:
1513:
801:
590:, also known as German measles, was also very common before widespread vaccination. The major risk of rubella is during
3150:
1929:
5893:
5674:
595:
3715:
3618:
Leitch R, Halsey N, Hyman SL (January 2002). "MMR--Separate administration-has it been done?". Letter to the editor.
3367:
Godlee F, Smith J, Marcovitch H (January 2011). "Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent".
2808:
4143:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (March 2008).
872:
The rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in 1967, through propagation using the human embryonic lung cell line
436:
occur in about one in a million people. Because it contains live viruses, the MMR vaccine is not recommended during
6446:
5211:
4648:
4631:
1460:"Core Concepts – Immunizations in Adults – Basic HIV Primary Care – National HIV CurriculumImmunizations in Adults"
195:
6070:
5261:
4377:
4344:
4311:
2976:"Commentary: Ongoing debate over the safety of the different mumps vaccine strains impacts mumps disease control"
1851:
Spencer JP, Trondsen
Pawlowski RH, Thomas S (June 2017). "Vaccine Adverse Events: Separating Myth from Reality".
1670:
1275:
560:
2005, slightly over half were attributable to one unvaccinated individual who acquired measles during a visit to
544:
38:
1415:
World Health
Organization (January 2019). "Measles vaccines: WHO position paper, April 2017 - Recommendations".
6407:
6300:
6074:
5957:
5843:
5743:
5216:
5181:
5176:
5171:
4545:
4432:
4416:
3505:
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2827:
1009:
MMR II product. GSK Priorix vaccine, which uses attenuated
Schwarz Measles, was introduced in Hungary in 2003.
433:
154:
5853:
2600:
2241:"Implications of a 2005 measles outbreak in Indiana for sustained elimination of measles in the United States"
1459:
428:
Side effects of immunization are generally mild and resolve without any specific treatment. These may include
4483:
4467:
4424:
3922:
3829:
Plotkin SA, Vaheri A (May 1967). "Human fibroblasts infected with rubella virus produce a growth inhibitor".
5838:
5662:
5595:
5576:
5372:
5344:
5306:
5301:
5281:
4804:
4269:
3553:
3115:"Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children"
1005:
Pluserix was introduced in Hungary in 1999. Enders' Edmonston strain has been used since 1999 in Hungary in
805:
785:
776:
762:
754:
707:
540:
503:
4475:
3958:
2528:
659:, rarely serious, may occur from each component of the MMR vaccine. Ten percent of children develop fever,
6498:
6124:
5913:
5883:
5643:
5572:
4566:
3750:
1118:
742:
641:
556:
4541:
4270:"'Monkey, Rat and Pig DNA': How Misinformation Is Driving the Measles Outbreak Among Ultra-Orthodox Jews"
1211:"M-M-R II- measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension"
783:, and was barred from practising medicine in the UK. The research was declared fraudulent in 2011 by the
6401:
5828:
5638:
5472:
5467:
4918:
4864:
4774:
4239:
797:
656:
417:, and within 72 hours of exposure to measles among those who are incompletely immunized. It is given by
5753:
5521:
5462:
5253:
4891:
4769:
4720:
4687:
4621:
3838:
1181:"Measles virus vaccine / mumps virus vaccine / rubella virus vaccine (M-M-R II) Use During Pregnancy"
418:
4524:
4508:
3755:
3311:
1959:
843:
The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were developed by propagation in animal and human cells.
5798:
5444:
5410:
5296:
5062:
5057:
5003:
4834:
4702:
4674:
4626:
971:
846:
For example, in the case of mumps and measles viruses, the virus strains were grown in embryonated
835:
688:
620:
that was once very common, especially during childhood. If mumps is acquired by a male who is past
330:
4516:
1541:
5477:
5311:
5052:
5013:
4998:
4874:
4844:
4764:
4682:
4274:
4008:
3880:
Hayflick L, Moorhead PS (December 1961). "The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains".
3862:
3776:
3392:
3255:
3142:
2956:
2502:
2270:
2218:
1440:
967:
703:
410:
206:
4443:
4094:
Böröcz K, Csizmadia Z, Markovics Á, Farkas N, Najbauer J, Berki T, et al. (February 2020).
2868:
1270:
3113:
Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. (February 1998).
1705:
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4706:
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4000:
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3854:
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2735:
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2441:
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2262:
2239:
Parker AA, Staggs W, Dayan GH, Ortega-Sánchez IR, Rota PA, Lowe L, et al. (August 2006).
2210:
2161:
2076:
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1900:
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1590:
1505:
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579:
303:
290:
126:
2337:
Hall V, Banerjee E, Kenyon C, Strain A, Griffith J, Como-Sabetti K, et al. (July 2017).
995:) and contains live viruses. Before injection it is reconstituted with the solvent provided.
339:
17:
6518:
6503:
6431:
6256:
6144:
5526:
5511:
5367:
5228:
5141:
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3992:
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3165:
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3085:
3077:
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3028:
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2831:
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2725:
2717:
2678:
2623:
2615:
2571:
2563:
2486:
2361:
2353:
2252:
2202:
2034:
1960:"Information Sheet Observed Rate of Vaccine Reactions, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines"
1892:
1820:
1810:
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1314:
1142:
1032:
877:
828:
748:
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5908:
5763:
5531:
5329:
5136:
5094:
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4698:
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4643:
3547:
999:
758:
472:
464:
445:
111:
89:
3470:
2338:
1353:
3842:
1883:
Goodson JL, Seward JF (December 2015). "Measles 50 Years After Use of Measles Vaccine".
1079:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
808:
and the Cochrane Library review have all concluded that there is no evidence of a link.
6513:
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6320:
6266:
6231:
6065:
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5286:
5246:
5126:
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4120:
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3041:
3016:
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2730:
2705:
2576:
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1006:
992:
667:
lasting 18 days on average. Older women appear to be more at risk of joint pain, acute
460:
4026:
3243:
3169:
3130:
824:
6482:
6315:
6236:
5903:
5898:
5803:
5551:
5536:
5506:
5501:
5356:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5008:
4854:
4653:
3893:
3807:
3764:
3081:
2404:
2038:
1444:
898:
779:, with a statement identifying deliberate falsification in the research published in
524:
468:
441:
168:
101:
4012:
3866:
3780:
3396:
3259:
2960:
2506:
2274:
1748:
Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, Debalini MG, Demicheli V (November 2021).
675:
is an extremely rare but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine. One cause can be
519:
6325:
6310:
6261:
6030:
5699:
5628:
5271:
5166:
5099:
5040:
5035:
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4715:
4606:
4586:
2222:
1996:"Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR): use of combined vaccine instead of single vaccines"
1765:
1024:
1018:
984:
The term "MPR vaccine" is also used to refer to this vaccine, whereas "P" refer to
645:
476:
245:
240:
4205:
3418:
3146:
2682:
1428:
4494:
3850:
2490:
2435:
583:
Rubella rates fell sharply in the United States when immunization was introduced.
6274:
6251:
5923:
5415:
5405:
5072:
5067:
4980:
4955:
4923:
4849:
4711:
4602:
4594:
4308:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 7: measles (update 2009)
3684:
3274:
2873:
Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality
852:
676:
672:
629:
162:
1318:
6330:
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6139:
5953:
5943:
5938:
5928:
5808:
5541:
5516:
5206:
5156:
4111:
2822:
Institute of Medicine (2012). Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, Clayton EW (eds.).
2721:
1896:
949:
936:
839:
Two workers make openings in chicken eggs in preparation for a measles vaccine
767:
711:
664:
599:
484:
480:
350:
4144:
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2110:
2061:
1575:
1490:
6413:
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6134:
6129:
6109:
6104:
6045:
6015:
5995:
5948:
5933:
5918:
5590:
5161:
5029:
4598:
3114:
2567:
1918:
1028:
985:
961:
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862:
668:
591:
437:
148:
65:
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3901:
3815:
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3639:
3631:
3610:
3601:
3584:
3533:
3388:
3251:
3177:
3099:
3050:
3001:
2992:
2975:
2931:
Colville A, Pugh S, Miller E (June 1994). "Withdrawal of a mumps vaccine".
2902:
2853:
2780:
2739:
2690:
2619:
2585:
2498:
2375:
2357:
2308:
2266:
2046:
1919:"Measles: information about the disease and vaccines Questions and Answers"
1904:
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1783:
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1401:
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4004:
3996:
3858:
3138:
3032:
2952:
2637:
2214:
2206:
2080:
1509:
1354:"Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know"
683:
approved two additional possible adverse events on the vaccination label:
6182:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6119:
6055:
6050:
6025:
6005:
5990:
5985:
5888:
5432:
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5420:
5390:
5146:
5082:
5077:
2628:
2257:
2240:
975:
931:
729:
715:
696:
625:
414:
190:
3583:
Halsey NA, Hyman SL, et al. (Conference Writing Panel) (May 2001).
1815:
1393:
699:
and therefore should not be used in people allergic to this antibiotic.
73:
6152:
6114:
6096:
6060:
6020:
6000:
5980:
5848:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5722:
5151:
4908:
4590:
4386:
4353:
4320:
3200:"GMC brands Dr Andrew Wakefield 'dishonest, irresponsible and callous'"
2944:
1110:
944:
905:
847:
660:
621:
617:
587:
561:
532:
402:
394:
390:
94:
6467:
3647:
Miller E (January 2002). "MMR vaccine: review of benefits and risks".
3380:
6192:
6040:
6035:
6010:
5778:
5758:
5454:
5439:
4725:
2706:"MMR immunisation. True anaphylaxis to MMR vaccine is extremely rare"
866:
692:
548:
2405:"Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine and Immunization Information"
4374:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 11: rubella
3514:
2835:
663:, and a rash 5–21 days after the first vaccination; and 3% develop
495:
5449:
5334:
4935:
4869:
3743:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
2884:
2288:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (December 2006).
1489:
Watson JC, Hadler SC, Dykewicz CA, Reef S, Phillips L (May 1998).
957:
926:
873:
834:
823:
614:
610:
578:
518:
494:
429:
398:
4341:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 16: mumps
4027:"About the Vaccine – MMR and MMRV Vaccine Composition and Dosage"
2060:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (October 1994).
1750:"Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children"
1706:"MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) Vaccine Information Statement"
511:
have them also done separately, increased uptake of the vaccine.
6202:
4744:
1799:"The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine"
1045:
309:
284:
5695:
4555:
2151:
1574:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2006).
297:
185:
2109:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (July 2009).
1114:
1059:
1052:
recommendations (pediatricians, 77%; family physicians, 73%).
680:
571:
recorded 65 affected children in the outbreak by April 2017.
543:, and 5,200 deaths. During 1999–2004, a strategy led by the
4496:
Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases
4445:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
2153:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
527:
fell drastically after introduction of the measles vaccine.
271:
217:
2025:
Babbott FL, Gordon JE (September 1954). "Modern measles".
757:
about twelve children, reportedly with bowel symptoms and
1660:
1658:
487:, without coverage for mumps, is also occasionally used.
2111:"Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2007"
1241:"Priorix- measels, mumps, and rubella vaccine, live kit"
3952:"MUMPSVAX (Mumps Virus Vaccine Live) Jeryl Lynn Strain"
1576:"Progress in reducing global measles deaths, 1999-2004"
954:
Wistar RA 27/3 strain of live attenuated rubella virus
375:
42:
5691:
3066:"MMR vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura"
695:. Some versions of the vaccine contain the antibiotic
6444:
3338:"MMR row doctor Andrew Wakefield struck off register"
2062:"Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1993"
1380:"Measles vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2017".
2409:
National Network for Immunization Information (NNii)
432:, as well as pain or redness at the injection site.
59:
Combined vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella
6389:
6343:
6293:
6222:
6215:
6089:
5968:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5789:
5773:
5736:
5729:
5621:
5560:
5492:
5383:
5355:
5322:
4991:
4822:
4815:
4734:
4662:
4614:
349:
329:
324:
261:
256:
231:
205:
175:
161:
143:
135:
125:
120:
110:
100:
88:
83:
3198:
2601:"Acute arthritis complicating rubella vaccination"
1797:Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, Hussain S (July 2018).
1637:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
1633:"Addressing misconceptions on measles vaccination"
771:fully retracted the paper. Three months following
5607:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
3921:. Merck & Co. 2006. p. 1. Archived from
2440:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 118.
4493:Roush SW, Baldy LM, Hall MA, eds. (March 2019).
4056:Reef SE, Plotkin SA (2018). "Rubella Vaccines".
2704:Carapetis JR, Curtis N, Royle J (October 2001).
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1569:
1567:
6366:GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission
3716:"Paranoia strikes deep: MMR vaccine and autism"
3017:"Do childhood vaccines cause thrombocytopenia?"
2871:. In Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnston RB (eds.).
1954:
1952:
1950:
531:Before the widespread use of a vaccine against
338:
880:) that was derived six years earlier in 1961.
5707:
4567:
4442:Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015).
2599:Thompson GR, Ferreyra A, Brackett RG (1971).
2339:"Measles Outbreak - Minnesota April-May 2017"
2150:Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015).
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
998:According to a review published in 2018, the
724:Naturally acquired measles often occurs with
8:
2664:
2662:
2027:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
1375:
1373:
1371:
194:
64:
4372:World Health Organization (December 2008).
4339:World Health Organization (November 2010).
4152:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
4089:
4087:
4085:
2926:
2924:
2471:
2469:
2437:Male infertility: a guide for the clinician
2346:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2297:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2069:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1885:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
1878:
1876:
1874:
1754:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1583:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1536:
1534:
317:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
26:
6219:
5873:
5866:
5733:
5714:
5700:
5692:
4819:
4574:
4560:
4552:
4501:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4450:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4306:World Health Organization (January 2009).
4031:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3548:"MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine"
3475:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3445:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2552:"10-minute consultation: MMR immunisation"
2525:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2158:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1846:
1844:
1710:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1546:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1358:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
794:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
569:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
72:
4544:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4385:
4352:
4319:
4119:
3754:
3600:
3513:
3310:. General Medical Council. Archived from
3089:
3064:Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H (January 2003).
3040:
2991:
2770:
2729:
2627:
2575:
2365:
2256:
2234:
2232:
1824:
1814:
1773:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1307:Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
1300:
1298:
1027:, a combined measles, mumps, rubella and
966:MEM (solution containing buffered salts,
775:retraction, Wakefield was struck off the
3070:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2479:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
882:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
6451:
6359:Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.
4448:(13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
4408:Immunisation against infectious disease
3441:"Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine"
2759:The British Journal of General Practice
2156:(13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
1130:
991:Merck MMR II is supplied freeze-dried (
671:, and even (rarely) chronic arthritis.
624:, a possible complication is bilateral
459:. It was licensed for use in the US by
448:. The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live
167:
28:
4227:
4225:
4223:
3471:"Autism and Vaccines - Vaccine Safety"
3408:
3406:
3153:from the original on 27 September 2007
3015:Sauvé LJ, Scheifele D (January 2009).
2974:Fullerton KE, Reef SE (October 2002).
2550:Harnden A, Shakespeare J (July 2001).
1643:from the original on 11 September 2018
63:
5834:Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques
4433:"Rubella: the green book, chapter 28"
4417:"Measles: the green book, chapter 21"
3561:from the original on 28 November 2022
3481:from the original on 28 November 2022
3447:(CDC). 24 August 2018. Archived from
2980:International Journal of Epidemiology
2647:from the original on 25 November 2011
2415:from the original on 28 November 2022
2174:from the original on 30 December 2016
1976:from the original on 27 December 2021
1935:from the original on 28 November 2022
1716:from the original on 3 September 2018
1679:from the original on 28 November 2022
1552:from the original on 28 December 2021
1470:from the original on 2 September 2018
1191:from the original on 12 November 2020
1136:
1134:
706:, a form of viral meningitis. The UK
640:The MMR vaccine is administered by a
153:
7:
4173:from the original on 19 October 2020
3285:from the original on 3 November 2021
3211:from the original on 12 January 2022
2318:from the original on 26 January 2021
2131:from the original on 24 October 2020
2090:from the original on 24 October 2020
1519:from the original on 30 October 2019
915:Enders' attenuated Edmonston strain
857:. They are sometimes referred to as
685:acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
244:
5749:GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd
4425:"Mumps: the green book, chapter 23"
4037:from the original on 6 October 2021
2909:from the original on 24 August 2015
2521:"MMR vaccine questions and answers"
2245:The New England Journal of Medicine
1382:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
1364:from the original on 26 April 2020.
131:M-M-R II, Priorix, Tresivac, others
6509:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
5634:Eradication of infectious diseases
5391:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
4282:from the original on 14 April 2019
4249:from the original on 14 April 2019
4066:10.1016/B978-0-323-35761-6.00052-3
3730:from the original on 9 April 2015.
3275:"Lancet accepts MMR study 'false'"
2454:from the original on 17 April 2021
2385:from the original on 2 August 2020
1161:from the original on 17 April 2021
628:, which can in some cases lead to
57:
6373:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
5224:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
3685:"Doctors issue plea over MMR jab"
3336:Meikle J, Sarah B (24 May 2010).
2755:"Egg allergy and MMR vaccination"
2006:from the original on 12 July 2018
1604:from the original on 5 March 2021
1498:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
1305:"Maurice R. Hilleman, PhD, DSc".
1283:from the original on 6 April 2020
1251:from the original on 20 June 2022
1221:from the original on 6 April 2020
455:The MMR vaccine was developed by
405:(German measles), abbreviated as
6466:
6454:
6427:
6426:
6380:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
5613:Alternative vaccination schedule
4583:Artificial induction of immunity
3808:10.2165/00003495-200363190-00012
3765:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01425.x
3695:from the original on 7 July 2018
3579:MMR vs three separate vaccines:
3413:National Health Service (2004).
3348:from the original on 27 May 2010
3082:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01790.x
2039:10.1097/00000441-195409000-00013
1144:Vaccines: Are they Worth a Shot?
1064:
6397:Drug Industry Documents Archive
4233:"Vaccines and porcine gelatine"
1109:Some brands of the vaccine use
861:because these strains are less
831:, who developed the MMR vaccine
726:immune thrombocytopenic purpura
6352:Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
5445:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
3500:Institute of Medicine (2004).
3021:Paediatrics & Child Health
2933:European Journal of Pediatrics
2867:Institute of Medicine (1994).
2753:Fox A, Lack G (October 2003).
2290:"Measles--United States, 2005"
1766:10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub5
765:to have been "dishonest", and
598:, which can cause significant
523:Measles cases reported in the
1:
4976:Group B streptococcal disease
4795:Vaccines for Children Program
4542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
4206:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.075
3273:Triggle N (2 February 2010).
3244:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4
3197:Jardine C (29 January 2010).
3170:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4
3131:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
2683:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.005
1926:Immunization Action Coalition
1429:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.066
413:, those with well-controlled
18:Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
4405:Ramsay M, ed. (April 2013).
3894:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
3851:10.1126/science.156.3775.659
2869:"Measles and mumps vaccines"
2804:Food and Drug Administration
2491:10.1097/INF.0b013e3180616c8f
2118:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
802:National Academy of Sciences
755:published a fraudulent paper
2905:. Bookshelf ID: NBK236291.
2824:Adverse Effects of Vaccines
2799:"Approval for label change"
2527:(CDC). 2004. Archived from
1542:"Administering MMR Vaccine"
1388:(17): 205–227. April 2017.
594:when the baby may contract
446:autistic spectrum disorders
6535:
6494:Drugs developed by GSK plc
4100:Epidemiology and Infection
3957:. Merck Co. Archived from
3882:Experimental Cell Research
3502:Immunization Safety Review
2856:. Bookshelf ID: NBK190024.
1319:10.1053/j.spid.2005.05.002
1016:
988:which is caused by mumps.
918:chick embryo cell culture
740:
483:, may be used instead. An
6422:
5854:Smith, Kline & French
5652:
4378:World Health Organization
4345:World Health Organization
4312:World Health Organization
4112:10.1017/S0950268819002280
4060:. pp. 970–1000.e18.
3916:"Attenuvax Product Sheet"
3536:. Bookshelf ID: NBK25344.
3375:(jan05 1, c7452): c7452.
2722:10.1136/bmj.323.7317.869a
1897:10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.001
1853:American Family Physician
1671:World Health Organization
1313:(3): 225–226. July 2005.
1276:European Medicines Agency
1073:This section needs to be
920:
917:
737:False claims about autism
545:World Health Organization
434:Severe allergic reactions
365:
71:
5844:S. E. Massengill Company
5744:GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
4971:Clostridioides difficile
4546:Medical Subject Headings
4411:. Public Health England.
4268:Pager T (9 April 2019).
4033:(CDC). 26 January 2021.
3649:The Journal of Infection
3506:National Academies Press
2877:National Academies Press
2828:National Academies Press
2608:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1360:(CDC). 26 January 2021.
733:long-term consequences.
39:latest accepted revision
5839:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
5234:Tick-borne encephalitis
3554:National Health Service
3477:(CDC). 24 August 2018.
3415:"MMR: myths and truths"
2568:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.32
1458:Kinney R (2 May 2017).
1147:. Springer. p. 2.
869:than the wild strains.
806:National Health Service
786:British Medical Journal
763:General Medical Council
708:National Health Service
541:intellectual disability
452:of the three diseases.
440:but may be given while
5644:List of vaccine topics
4639:Mathematical modelling
3661:10.1053/jinf.2001.0930
3632:10.1542/peds.109.1.172
3602:10.1542/peds.107.5.e84
2620:10.1002/art.1780140104
2358:10.15585/mmwr.mm6627a1
840:
832:
743:MMR vaccine and autism
642:subcutaneous injection
584:
528:
500:
6402:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
5829:Human Genome Sciences
5639:Vaccinate Your Family
5090:Japanese encephalitis
4525:"Chapter 14: Rubella"
4484:"Chapter 20: Rubella"
4468:"Chapter 13: Measles"
4240:Public Health England
3997:10.1542/peds.40.5.798
3164:(Retracted, see
2207:10.1542/peds.76.4.524
1279:. 17 September 2018.
838:
827:
798:Institute of Medicine
582:
522:
498:
463:in 1971. Stand-alone
6489:Combination vaccines
5799:Allen & Hanburys
5754:Stiefel Laboratories
5522:John Franklin Enders
4509:"Chapter 7: Measles"
3504:. Washington, D.C.:
3421:on 13 September 2008
2993:10.1093/ije/31.5.983
2826:. Washington, D.C.:
2258:10.1056/NEJMoa060775
2075:(53): i–xvii, 1–73.
1712:(CDC). August 2021.
1666:"Measles Fact Sheet"
1141:Grignolio A (2018).
479:, which also covers
4703:Virus-like particle
4627:Vaccine ingredients
4519:. 19 December 2023.
4499:. Atlanta GA: U.S.
4476:"Chapter 15: Mumps"
4419:. 31 December 2019.
3928:on 31 December 2009
3843:1967Sci...156..659P
3451:on 28 November 2022
3033:10.1093/pch/14.1.31
2811:on 3 February 2015.
2787:on 26 January 2013.
2434:Jequier AM (2000).
1816:10.7759/cureus.2919
1675:. 5 December 2019.
1548:. 26 January 2021.
1187:. 16 October 2019.
1100:Society and culture
972:human serum albumin
895:Propagation medium
777:UK medical register
689:transverse myelitis
293:(Prescription only)
280:(Prescription only)
68:
29:Page version status
6306:Silas M. Burroughs
5849:SmithKline Beecham
5814:Burroughs Wellcome
5679:Never to phase III
5478:Hexavalent vaccine
5292:Epstein–Barr virus
5187:Oxford–AstraZeneca
4875:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
4517:"Chapter 9: Mumps"
4275:The New York Times
4058:Plotkin's Vaccines
2945:10.1007/BF01983415
1271:"M-M-RVaxPro EPAR"
1105:Religious concerns
968:fetal bovine serum
889:Component vaccine
886:Disease immunized
841:
833:
704:aseptic meningitis
596:congenital rubella
585:
529:
501:
35:
6442:
6441:
6339:
6338:
6211:
6210:
6085:
6084:
5785:
5784:
5689:
5688:
5601:Vaccines and SIDS
5488:
5487:
5262:Hepatitis A and B
5238:Varicella zoster
4695:Subunit/component
4527:. 22 August 2023.
4200:(48): 6731–6733.
3964:on 13 August 2006
3837:(3775): 659–661.
3720:Psychiatric Times
3714:Thomas J (2010).
3525:978-0-309-09237-1
3381:10.1136/bmj.c7452
3125:(9103): 637–641.
2894:978-0-309-07496-4
2845:978-0-309-21435-3
2677:(30): 3876–3886.
2447:978-0-632-05129-8
2411:. 22 April 2010.
2303:(50): 1348–1351.
1928:. November 2018.
1639:. 15 April 2014.
1094:
1093:
982:
981:
939:(B level) strain
657:Adverse reactions
383:
382:
313:
301:
288:
275:
221:
188:
16:(Redirected from
6526:
6471:
6470:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6450:
6430:
6429:
6257:Patrick Vallance
6220:
5949:Wellbutrin/Zyban
5874:
5867:
5734:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5693:
5580:MMR autism fraud
5527:Maurice Hilleman
5512:Hilary Koprowski
4820:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4553:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4401:
4389:
4368:
4356:
4335:
4323:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4237:
4229:
4218:
4217:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4149:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4091:
4080:
4079:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4023:
4017:
4016:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3956:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3758:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3691:. 26 June 2006.
3681:
3675:
3672:
3643:
3614:
3604:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3517:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3410:
3401:
3400:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:on 9 August 2011
3316:
3309:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3202:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3183:Retraction Watch
3162:
3160:
3158:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2807:. Archived from
2795:
2789:
2788:
2783:. Archived from
2774:
2765:(495): 801–802.
2750:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2605:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2369:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2260:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1964:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1760:(11): CD004407.
1745:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1629:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1377:
1366:
1365:
1350:
1331:
1330:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1138:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1033:febrile seizures
960:human embryonic
883:
878:Wistar Institute
829:Maurice Hilleman
749:Andrew Wakefield
473:rubella vaccines
457:Maurice Hilleman
450:weakened viruses
379:
378:
371:
342:
311:
308:
299:
296:
286:
283:
273:
270:
248:
219:
216:
198:
187:
184:
171:
157:
76:
69:
67:
47:7 September 2024
21:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6445:
6443:
6438:
6418:
6385:
6335:
6289:
6285:Laurie Glimcher
6252:Manvinder Banga
6247:Roy M. Anderson
6242:Simon Dingemans
6224:
6207:
6081:
5964:
5858:
5791:
5781:
5769:
5764:ViiV Healthcare
5725:
5720:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5669:Clinical trials
5648:
5617:
5556:
5532:Stanley Plotkin
5494:
5484:
5396:Cancer vaccines
5379:
5373:Schistosomiasis
5351:
5345:Trypanosomiasis
5318:
5282:Cytomegalovirus
5192:Pfizer–BioNTech
4987:
4811:
4760:Vaccine wastage
4730:
4658:
4610:
4580:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4492:
4486:. 29 July 2024.
4482:
4478:. 29 July 2024.
4474:
4470:. 10 July 2024.
4466:
4460:
4441:
4435:. 4 April 2013.
4431:
4427:. 4 April 2013.
4423:
4415:
4404:
4398:
4371:
4365:
4338:
4332:
4305:
4301:
4299:Further reading
4296:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4242:. August 2015.
4235:
4231:
4230:
4221:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4158:(10): 258–260.
4147:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4093:
4092:
4083:
4076:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4025:
4024:
4020:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3802:(19): 2107–26.
3793:
3792:
3788:
3756:10.1.1.579.1619
3740:
3739:
3735:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3646:
3617:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3557:. 4 July 2022.
3546:
3545:
3541:
3526:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3163:
3156:
3154:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2846:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2531:on 25 July 2008
2519:
2518:
2514:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2448:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2352:(27): 713–717.
2341:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:fdaghana.gov.gh
1962:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1859:(12): 786–794.
1850:
1849:
1842:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1747:
1746:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1352:
1351:
1334:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:. 3 June 2022.
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1217:. 23 May 2022.
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1113:, derived from
1107:
1102:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1021:
1015:
1000:GlaxoSmithKline
876:(named for the
859:neuroattenuated
822:
745:
739:
679:. In 2014, the
654:
638:
608:
577:
517:
493:
374:
372:
369:(what is this?)
366:
361:
345:
320:
252:
227:
208:
201:
112:Rubella vaccine
90:Measles vaccine
79:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6532:
6530:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6463:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6321:Henry Wellcome
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6301:Thomas Beecham
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6269:
6267:Lynn Elsenhans
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6232:Philip Hampton
6228:
6226:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6158:Goody's Powder
6155:
6150:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6099:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5824:Glaxo Wellcome
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5547:Katalin Karikó
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Herpes simplex
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5202:Sinopharm BIBP
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Bharat Biotech
5149:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4775:Vaccine injury
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4738:
4736:
4735:Administration
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4709:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4537:
4536:External links
4534:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4459:978-0990449119
4458:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4402:
4396:
4369:
4363:
4336:
4330:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4260:
4219:
4184:
4135:
4081:
4074:
4048:
4018:
3991:(5): 798–803.
3975:
3939:
3907:
3888:(3): 585–621.
3872:
3821:
3786:
3749:(6): 572–579.
3733:
3706:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3644:
3615:
3572:
3539:
3524:
3515:10.17226/10997
3492:
3462:
3432:
3402:
3359:
3328:
3296:
3265:
3222:
3189:
3105:
3076:(1): 107–111.
3056:
3007:
2986:(5): 983–984.
2966:
2939:(6): 467–468.
2920:
2893:
2859:
2844:
2836:10.17226/13164
2814:
2790:
2745:
2696:
2658:
2591:
2542:
2512:
2485:(7): 632–638.
2465:
2446:
2426:
2396:
2329:
2280:
2251:(5): 447–455.
2228:
2201:(4): 524–532.
2185:
2167:978-0990449119
2166:
2142:
2101:
2052:
2033:(3): 334–361.
2017:
1987:
1946:
1910:
1891:(4): 725–743.
1870:
1840:
1789:
1727:
1690:
1654:
1615:
1589:(9): 247–249.
1563:
1530:
1504:(RR-8): 1–57.
1481:
1464:www.hiv.uw.edu
1450:
1423:(2): 219–222.
1407:
1367:
1332:
1294:
1262:
1232:
1202:
1172:
1153:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1017:Main article:
1014:
1011:
980:
979:
964:
955:
952:
947:
941:
940:
934:
929:
923:
922:
919:
916:
913:
908:
902:
901:
896:
893:
890:
887:
821:
818:
741:Main article:
738:
735:
653:
650:
637:
636:Administration
634:
607:
604:
576:
573:
516:
513:
492:
489:
381:
380:
363:
362:
360:
359:
355:
353:
347:
346:
344:
343:
335:
333:
327:
326:
322:
321:
319:
318:
315:
306:
294:
281:
267:
265:
259:
258:
254:
253:
251:
250:
237:
235:
229:
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213:
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203:
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199:
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159:
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132:
129:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
84:Combination of
81:
80:
77:
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6531:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6499:Live vaccines
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6462:
6452:
6448:
6435:
6434:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6316:John K. Smith
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:Jesse Goodman
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6237:Emma Walmsley
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5929:Paxil/Seroxat
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Beecham Group
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:Predecessors,
5788:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5712:
5710:
5705:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5552:Drew Weissman
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:H. Fred Clark
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5507:Louis Pasteur
5505:
5503:
5502:Edward Jenner
5500:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5473:DTwP-HepB-Hib
5471:
5469:
5468:DTaP-IPV-HepB
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:combination:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5357:Helminthiasis
5354:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:combination:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
4954:
4953:
4952:combination:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4865:Meningococcus
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:Leptospirosis
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4790:Vaccine court
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:GAVI Alliance
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4397:9789241596848
4393:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4364:9789241500661
4360:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4331:9789241597555
4327:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4261:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4185:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4075:9780323357616
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4049:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3960:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3924:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3238:(9713): 445.
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3210:
3206:
3205:The Telegraph
3201:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2885:10.17226/2138
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:(7317): 869.
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2629:2027.42/37715
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1154:9783319681061
1150:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1085:November 2022
1076:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
987:
977:
973:
969:
965:
963:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:Growth medium
897:
894:
892:Virus strain
891:
888:
885:
884:
881:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
854:
849:
844:
837:
830:
826:
819:
817:
813:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
756:
753:
750:
744:
736:
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
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658:
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649:
647:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
581:
574:
572:
570:
565:
563:
558:
553:
550:
546:
542:
536:
534:
526:
525:United States
521:
514:
512:
508:
505:
497:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
442:breastfeeding
439:
435:
431:
426:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
377:
370:
364:
357:
356:
354:
352:
348:
341:
337:
336:
334:
332:
328:
323:
316:
314: Rx-only
307:
305:
295:
292:
282:
279:
269:
268:
266:
264:
260:
255:
247:
242:
239:
238:
236:
234:
230:
224:
215:
214:
212:
210:
204:
197:
192:
183:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
121:Clinical data
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
103:
102:Mumps vaccine
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
82:
75:
70:
62:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6432:
6408:Side Effects
6406:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6326:Andrew Witty
6311:Mahlon Kline
6262:Vivienne Cox
6075:
6031:H5N1 vaccine
5958:
5792:acquisitions
5730:Subsidiaries
5629:Epidemiology
5605:
5577:
5463:DTaP-IPV/Hib
5266:
5254:Yellow fever
5167:EpiVacCorona
4919:Tuberculosis
4892:Pneumococcal
4860:Lyme disease
4688:Heterologous
4587:Immunization
4495:
4444:
4407:
4373:
4340:
4307:
4284:. Retrieved
4273:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4197:
4193:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4155:
4151:
4138:
4103:
4099:
4057:
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4021:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3942:
3930:. Retrieved
3923:the original
3910:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3688:
3679:
3652:
3648:
3623:
3619:
3592:
3588:
3575:
3563:. Retrieved
3551:
3542:
3501:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3449:the original
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:the original
3372:
3368:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3342:The Guardian
3341:
3331:
3321:18 September
3319:. Retrieved
3312:the original
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3278:
3268:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3204:
3192:
3182:
3180:,
3155:. Retrieved
3122:
3118:
3108:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3027:(1): 31–32.
3024:
3020:
3010:
2983:
2979:
2969:
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1025:MMRV vaccine
1022:
1019:MMRV vaccine
1013:MMRV vaccine
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477:MMRV vaccine
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340:1704518-68-2
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6275:Judy Lewent
5665:from market
5561:Controversy
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5297:Hepatitis C
5242:Chicken pox
5068:Hepatitis E
5063:Hepatitis B
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5004:Chikungunya
4981:Shigellosis
4835:Brucellosis
4721:Therapeutic
4675:Inactivated
4615:Development
4603:Inoculation
4595:Vaccination
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4387:10665/43922
4354:10665/97885
4321:10665/44038
3565:28 November
3485:28 November
3455:28 November
3425:3 September
3157:5 September
2651:1 September
2419:28 November
2178:9 September
1939:28 November
1683:28 November
1556:28 December
1195:5 September
993:lyophilized
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6280:Urs Rohner
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5542:Paul Offit
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5493:Inventors/
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4683:Attenuated
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3985:Pediatrics
3968:26 January
3932:4 February
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3699:4 February
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3620:Pediatrics
3595:(5): E84.
3589:Pediatrics
3344:. London.
3215:31 January
3207:. London.
2389:26 January
2322:26 January
2195:Pediatrics
2135:26 January
2094:26 January
1608:26 January
1523:26 January
1287:4 December
1125:References
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937:Jeryl Lynn
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768:The Lancet
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6135:Emergen-C
6130:ChapStick
6110:BC Powder
6105:Aquafresh
6046:Pandemrix
6016:Hepatyrix
5914:Flixonase
5894:Augmentin
5675:Phase III
5663:Withdrawn
5591:Pox party
5401:ALVAC-CEA
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5212:Sputnik V
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5030:Pandemrix
4882:Pertussis
4823:Bacterial
4707:Synthetic
4670:Conjugate
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4041:7 October
3948:Merck Co.
3751:CiteSeerX
2913:29 August
1720:16 August
1445:205605355
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1029:varicella
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5919:Hycamtin
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4770:Schedule
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4286:14 April
4280:Archived
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4244:Archived
4214:22975026
4168:Archived
4164:18340332
4130:32014073
4035:Archived
4013:35878536
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3902:13905658
3867:32622296
3816:12962524
3781:10253998
3773:15877763
3728:Archived
3693:Archived
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3669:11972410
3640:11773568
3611:11331734
3559:Archived
3534:20669467
3479:Archived
3397:43640126
3389:21209060
3346:Archived
3283:Archived
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3151:Archived
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3051:19436461
3002:12435772
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2004:Archived
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4380:(WHO).
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4314:(WHO).
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