1444:"These feather traces and the plumage in HPG-15-1 strongly suggest that members of the Enantiornithes were born fully fledged and capable of flight soon after hatching, somewhat resembling the super-precocial megapodes, the only group of neornithines in which neonates are similarly born fledged and capable of flight (Zhou and Zhang, 2004; Jones and Göth, 2008; Xing et al., 2017). Megapodes do not fly immediately, requiring nearly two days to dig themselves out of their mounds during which they preen off their feather sheaths and let their feathers dry (Jones and Göth, 2008). Similarly, hatchling enantiornithines would have had to wait until their feather sheaths were removed and their feathers dry before attempting flight. Although ecological and behavioural differences clearly exist between enantiornithines and megapodes (e.g., enantiornithines were arboreal and not mound-nesters), megapodes represent the precocial extreme in extant neornithines and thus the closest analogue for enantiornithine development, for which all evidence indicates a form of extreme precociality (Elzanowski, 1981; Zhou and Zhang, 2004; Xing et al., 2017)."
214:
49:
75:
3571:
431:
3595:
462:
3607:
3583:
439:
male attends, adding or removing litter to regulate the internal heat while the eggs develop. However, some bury their eggs in other ways; there are burrow-nesters which use geothermal heat, and others which simply rely on the heat of the sun warming the sand. Some species vary their incubation strategy depending on the local environment.
438:
Megapodes are mainly solitary birds that do not incubate their eggs with their body heat as other birds do, but bury them. Their eggs are unusual in having a large yolk, making up 50–70% of the egg weight. The birds are best known for building massive nest mounds of decaying vegetation, which the
481:
birds, they hatch fully feathered and active, already able to fly and live independently from their parents. In megapodes superprecociality apparently evolved secondarily from brooding and at least loose parental care as more typical in
Galliformes. Eggs previously assigned to
450:, this was later proven false; temperature does, however, affect embryo mortality and resulting offspring sex ratios. The nonsocial nature of their incubation raises questions as to how the hatchlings come to recognise other members of their species, which is due to
265:, hatching from their eggs in the most mature condition of any bird. They hatch with open eyes, bodily coordination and strength, full wing feathers, and downy body feathers, and are able to run, pursue prey and, in some species, fly on the day they hatch.
1984:
313:
Megapodes are medium-sized to large terrestrial birds with large legs and feet with sharp claws. Megapodes are of three kinds: scrub fowl, brush turkeys, and mallee fowl or lowan. The largest members of the
477:; they use their powerful claws to break out of the egg, and then tunnel their way up to the surface of the mound, lying on their backs and scratching at the sand and vegetable matter. Similar to other
1406:, indigenous peoples protect their nesting sites, as their eggs are considered to be delicacies. Their eggs are about twice the size of chicken eggs and the yolks are roughly four times as massive.
507:
The more than 20 living species are placed in seven genera. Although the evolutionary relationships between the
Megapodiidae are especially uncertain, the morphological groups are clear:
1993:
1697:
Harris, R.B.; Birks, S.M.; Leaché, A.D. (2014). "Incubator birds: Biogeographical origins and evolution of underground nesting in megapodes (Galliformes: Megapodiidae)".
2483:
3800:
3839:
1505:
3774:
3813:
2478:
447:
465:
This cross-section of a megapode mound shows a layer of sand (up to 1 m thick) used for insulation, an egg chamber, and a layer of rotting
1876:
786:
469:. The egg chamber is kept at a constant 33°C by opening and closing air vents in the insulation layer, while heat comes from the compost below.
1778:
Birks, S.M. & Edwards, S.V. (2002). "A phylogeny of the megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences".
3908:
1561:
1533:
1477:
213:
1915:
48:
1420:
1658:"Social responses without early experience: Australian brush-turkey chicks use specific visual cues to aggregate with conspecifics"
1580:
Starck, J.M. & Sutter E. (2000). "Patterns of growth and heterochrony in moundbuilders (MEgapodiidae) and fowl (Phasianidae)".
458:. Research suggests an instinctive visual recognition of specific movement patterns is made by the individual species of megapode.
346:). They have small heads, short beaks, and rounded and large wings. Their flying abilities vary within the clade. They present the
402:. The distribution of the family has contracted in the Pacific with the arrival of humans, and a number of island groups such as
1733:
2022:
1415:
3818:
3611:
3826:
1939:
74:
3712:
3689:
2468:
141:
2250:
1864:
1425:
790:
3844:
2165:
2155:
31:
2491:
2473:
1301:
933:
1815:"Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements"
2496:
1469:
1172:
1152:
1112:
1045:
451:
1192:
1162:
1142:
488:
have been reassigned to giant megapode species. Some dietary and chronological data previously assigned to
3629:
2463:
2275:
2225:
1292:
1245:
1055:
443:
57:
1753:"First report of immature feathers in juvenile enantiornithines from the Early Cretaceous Jehol avifauna"
245:. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs and feet typical of these
3903:
3875:
2300:
942:
331:
1813:
Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021).
998:
847:
3717:
1182:
1132:
3854:
3738:
3676:
2928:
1310:
1036:
924:
250:
2458:
2350:
2290:
2235:
2015:
1264:
1122:
1068:
1018:
962:
3594:
3241:
2305:
2265:
2230:
1714:
1380:
1345:
1273:
1081:
836:
822:
339:
246:
69:
3880:
3667:
3587:
3862:
3725:
3367:
3314:
3264:
2407:
2397:
2340:
2140:
2135:
1911:
1846:
1795:
1679:
1638:
1557:
1529:
1473:
980:
895:
3805:
3867:
3233:
2375:
2047:
1903:
1868:
1836:
1826:
1787:
1760:
1706:
1669:
1628:
1620:
1589:
1027:
953:
794:
419:
3465:
3293:
2763:
2285:
2270:
2208:
2107:
2035:
915:
395:
391:
1897:
1495:
3575:
3505:
3457:
3391:
3330:
3285:
3272:
3146:
3109:
2960:
2734:
2571:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2295:
2280:
2175:
2170:
2150:
2145:
2127:
2075:
2008:
1970:
1841:
1814:
1633:
1608:
1522:
1372:
1009:
989:
496:
489:
478:
262:
3766:
1791:
1593:
3897:
3681:
3513:
3497:
3420:
3412:
3246:
3044:
2894:
2781:
2739:
2539:
2531:
2453:
2417:
2335:
2259:
1764:
1752:
1500:
971:
556:
411:
399:
371:
174:
3694:
1718:
430:
3599:
3343:
3188:
3004:
2842:
2790:
2662:
2623:
2392:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2057:
415:
387:
3730:
3831:
3787:
3661:
3404:
3251:
3057:
3036:
3025:
2990:
2857:
2847:
2805:
2696:
2563:
2365:
2190:
2185:
2117:
2102:
2070:
1872:
1233:
455:
367:
355:
126:
1831:
1751:
O'Connor, Jingmai; Falk, Amanda; Wang, Min; Xiao-Ting, Zheng (3 January 2020).
1466:
Avian Growth and
Development: Evolution within the altricial precocial spectrum
461:
3521:
3383:
3322:
3301:
3133:
3117:
3052:
2997:
2969:
2901:
2866:
2744:
2592:
2427:
2402:
2160:
1258:
1219:
1206:
909:
708:
599:
499:
in terms of their superprecocial life cycle, though also several differences.
379:
254:
195:
167:
3652:
3751:
3481:
3436:
3225:
3018:
2935:
2919:
2908:
2818:
2754:
2713:
2412:
2213:
2200:
2180:
2080:
1286:
859:
666:
484:
474:
383:
375:
326:
188:
86:
1899:
Microlivestock: Little-known small animals with a promising economic future
1850:
1799:
1683:
1642:
1624:
422:, may also have once had a species of megapode, based on settler accounts.
17:
3704:
3646:
3449:
3179:
3154:
3100:
3011:
2983:
2873:
2837:
2829:
2811:
2706:
2691:
2675:
2422:
2385:
2218:
690:
351:
320:
258:
202:
106:
3359:
3212:
3091:
2976:
2942:
2880:
2701:
2555:
2547:
2240:
2112:
2097:
2087:
1509:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 75.
1403:
1323:
884:
781:
Phylogeny of the
Megapodiidae based a study by Chen, Hosner, Dittmann,
581:
466:
350:
at the same level of the other toes just like the species of the clade
234:
160:
2000:
1710:
1674:
1657:
3489:
3428:
3204:
3196:
3125:
3065:
2949:
2887:
2770:
2437:
2432:
2310:
811:
642:
347:
181:
150:
96:
3792:
3779:
3623:
3756:
3375:
3162:
2725:
1907:
871:
460:
429:
407:
315:
212:
3351:
2718:
2681:
2651:
2065:
2031:
1528:. Vol. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions.
403:
238:
116:
3627:
2515:
2004:
1494:
358:
have their halluces raised above the level of the front toes.
3473:
2330:
2092:
1734:"A case of mistaken identity for Australia's extinct big bird"
3743:
261:
habitats. Most are brown or black in color. Megapodes are
1996:
on 2011-07-27 – via
Internet Archive (archive.org).
290:
274:
1554:
418:, a New Zealand territory and the main island of the
1575:
1573:
296:
280:
217:
Brushturkeys can often be found in parks or gardens.
3636:
3448:
3403:
3342:
3313:
3284:
3263:
3224:
3187:
3178:
3145:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3035:
2959:
2918:
2856:
2828:
2804:
2780:
2753:
2674:
2661:
2622:
2591:
2530:
2446:
2349:
2249:
2199:
2126:
2056:
1902:. National Academies Press. 1991. p. 170-171.
1521:
1607:Göth, Ann & Booth, David T. (22 March 2005).
495:Megapodes share some similarities to the extinct
1992:(photograph). Oriental Bird Club. Archived from
1520:del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (1994).
492:may instead be assigned to the giant megapodes.
1875:. IOC World Bird List (Version 11.2 ed.).
1547:
1545:
1358:– New South Wales, South Australia, Pleistocene
785:. (2021). The numbers of species are from the
241:with small heads and large feet in the family
2016:
8:
1609:"Temperature-dependent sex ratio in a bird"
3624:
3184:
3105:
3096:
3087:
2825:
2671:
2658:
2619:
2615:
2588:
2527:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2023:
2009:
2001:
1977:Internet Bird Collection (ibc.lynxeds.com)
1464:Starck, J.M. & Ricklefs, R.E. (1998).
47:
38:
1840:
1830:
1673:
1632:
370:region, including islands in the western
414:have lost many or all of their species.
1456:
1437:
448:temperature-dependent sex determination
1780:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1732:Worthy, Trevor H. (13 January 2016).
7:
3855:3d3823e1-626d-4222-9d12-fb476f2acaa4
3582:
3606:
1877:International Ornithologists' Union
1873:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
1759:. Project: Vertebrata PalAsiatica.
1656:Göth, A. & Evans, C.S. (2004).
682:
659:
634:
573:
548:
541:
534:
526:
519:
434:Australian brushturkey on its mound
366:Megapodes are found in the broader
34:, kangaroos and similar marsupials.
1524:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
2484:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
1594:10.1034/j.1600-048x.2000.310413.x
1421:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
3605:
3593:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3460:(New World vultures and condors)
1765:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190823
1003:Megapodius (freycinet) forstenii
712:– brushturkeys (2 species)
669:– brushturkeys (3 species)
73:
1979:(videos, photos, & sounds).
1662:Journal of Experimental Biology
1556:. University of Chicago Press.
473:Megapode chicks do not have an
1416:List of recently extinct birds
1389:– South Australia, Pleistocene
1364:– South Australia, Pleistocene
1338:– South Australia, Pleistocene
938:Megapodius laperouse laperouse
603:– scrubfowl (12 species)
454:in other members of the order
1:
1792:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00002-7
1195:(large Bismarck's megapode),
297:
281:
233:, are stocky, medium-large,
3524:(woodpeckers and relatives)
3925:
3386:(cormorants and relatives)
2479:Extinct species since 1500
1832:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1
1426:List of fossil bird genera
1352:Latagallina naracoortensis
947:Megapodius laperouse senex
291:
275:
29:
3909:Taxa named by René Lesson
3565:
3516:(kingfishers and rollers)
3370:(albatrosses and petrels)
3254:(swifts and hummingbirds)
3236:(nightjars and relatives)
3086:
3060:(pheasants and relatives)
2618:
2587:
2526:
2522:
2511:
2507:
2043:
1819:BMC Ecology and Evolution
1332:– Queensland, Pleistocene
1125:(small-footed megapode),
705:
694:– Australian brushturkey
687:
680:
664:
657:
639:
632:
596:
578:
571:
553:
546:
539:
532:
524:
156:
149:
70:Scientific classification
68:
55:
46:
41:
3415:(seriemas and relatives)
3394:(pelicans and relatives)
1582:Journal of Avian Biology
1302:Black-billed brushturkey
1098:Walter 1980 nomen dubium
1063:Balouet & Olson 1989
1014:Megapodius geelvinkianus
985:Megapodius tenimberensis
958:Megapodius nicobariensis
934:Marianas Island megapode
362:Distribution and habitat
30:Not to be confused with
3508:(hornbills and hoopoes)
3423:(falcons and relatives)
1699:Journal of Biogeography
1506:Encyclopædia Britannica
1493:Newton, Alfred (1911).
1470:Oxford University Press
1060:Megapodius molistructor
1046:Orange-footed scrubfowl
888:(sometimes included in
852:Boles & Ivison 1999
841:Boles & Ivison 1999
446:was thought to exhibit
330:. The smallest are the
3492:(trogons and quetzals)
3304:(cranes and relatives)
2574:(emus and cassowaries)
2464:Glossary of bird terms
2276:Confuciusornithiformes
1625:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0247
1356:Progura naracoortensis
1306:Talegalla fuscirostris
1293:Red-billed brushturkey
1246:Australian brushturkey
1173:New Caledonia megapode
1153:Large Vanuatu megapode
1113:Raoul Island scrubfowl
1107:Gray 1861 nomen dubium
1056:Pile-builder scrubfowl
976:Megapodius bernsteinii
920:Megapodius pritchardii
470:
444:Australian brushturkey
435:
218:
58:Australian brushturkey
3876:Paleobiology Database
3333:(kagu and sunbittern)
3296:(gulls and relatives)
2301:Songlingornithiformes
2266:Omnivoropterygiformes
1552:Steadman, D. (2006).
1387:Garrdimalga mcnamarai
1269:Aepypodius arfakianus
1193:New Ireland scrubfowl
1163:Large Solomon Islands
1143:Stout Tongan megapode
1041:Megapodius decollatus
943:Palau Island megapode
464:
433:
426:Behaviour and ecology
382:, and the islands of
332:Micronesian scrubfowl
253:, and all except the
216:
3155:Phoenicopteriformes
1871:, eds. (July 2021).
1311:Collared brushturkey
1086:Megapodius alimentum
1050:Megapodius reinwardt
1037:New Guinea scrubfowl
994:Megapodius freycinet
929:Megapodius laperouse
925:Micronesian megapode
585:– Moluccan megapode
336:Megapodius laperouse
3126:Mesitornithiformes
3120:(doves and pigeons)
2454:Families and orders
2316:Ichthyornithiformes
2291:Patagopterygiformes
1738:theconversation.com
1315:Talegalla jobiensis
1278:Aepypodius bruijnii
1265:Wattled brushturkey
1069:Viti Levu scrubfowl
1019:Melanesian megapode
967:Megapodius cumingii
963:Philippine megapode
876:Macrocephalon maleo
318:are the species of
3468:(eagles and hawks)
3368:Procellariiformes
3273:Opisthocomiformes
3242:Steatornithiformes
2469:List by population
2306:Hongshanornithidae
2231:Evolution of birds
1867:; Donsker, David;
1362:Latagallina olsoni
1336:Progura campestris
1330:Progura gallinacea
1274:Waigeo brushturkey
1082:Consumed scrubfowl
1073:Megapodius amissus
1032:Megapodius layardi
1023:Megapodius eremita
999:Forsten's megapode
827:Worthy et al. 2015
823:Mwalau walterlinii
816:Worthy et al. 2015
471:
436:
340:Moluccan scrubfowl
219:
3891:
3890:
3863:Open Tree of Life
3630:Taxon identifiers
3621:
3620:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3354:(loons or divers)
3323:Phaethontiformes
3315:Phaethontimorphae
3265:Opisthocomiformes
3234:Caprimulgiformes
3174:
3173:
3163:Podicipediformes
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
2800:
2799:
2583:
2582:
2540:Struthioniformes
2408:Waterfowl hunting
2341:Gastornithiformes
2336:Aepyornithiformes
2326:Lithornithiformes
1869:Rasmussen, Pamela
1711:10.1111/jbi.12357
1705:(11): 2045–2056.
1675:10.1242/jeb.01008
1668:(13): 2199–2208.
1563:978-0-226-77142-7
1535:978-84-87334-15-3
1479:978-0-19-510608-4
1297:Talegalla cuvieri
1234:Brushturkey group
1108:
1099:
1090:
1077:
1064:
981:Tanimbar megapode
896:Moluccan megapode
853:
848:Ngawupodius minya
842:
828:
817:
801:
800:
793:, Donsker, &
775:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
739:
738:
730:
729:
721:
720:
621:
620:
612:
611:
211:
210:
145:
16:(Redirected from
3916:
3884:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3832:NHMSYS0021248814
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3746:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3684:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3625:
3609:
3608:
3597:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3572:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3498:Leptosomiformes
3493:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3466:Accipitriformes
3461:
3440:
3439:(perching birds)
3432:
3424:
3416:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3360:Sphenisciformes
3355:
3334:
3326:
3305:
3297:
3294:Charadriiformes
3276:
3255:
3237:
3216:
3208:
3205:Musophagiformes
3200:
3185:
3166:
3158:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3061:
3048:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2728:
2721:
2685:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2620:
2616:
2589:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2528:
2524:
2513:
2509:
2376:Bird collections
2331:Dinornithiformes
2236:Darwin's finches
2226:Origin of flight
2166:Seabird breeding
2156:Sexual selection
2025:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1997:
1988:M. tenimberensis
1980:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1947:Tourism Solomons
1944:
1940:"The Lava Birds"
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1496:"Megapode"
1490:
1484:
1483:
1468:. New York, NY:
1461:
1445:
1442:
1402:In their native
1250:Alectura lathami
1183:Loyalty megapode
1133:Lifuka scrubfowl
1106:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1028:Vanuatu megapode
954:Nicobar megapode
900:Eulipoa wallacei
851:
840:
826:
815:
683:
660:
635:
574:
549:
542:
535:
527:
520:
515:
514:
420:Kermadec Islands
344:Eulipoa wallacei
300:
294:
293:
284:
278:
277:
225:, also known as
140:
78:
77:
62:Alectura lathami
51:
39:
21:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3632:
3622:
3617:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3506:Bucerotiformes
3500:(cuckoo-roller)
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3458:Cathartiformes
3444:
3438:
3430:
3429:Psittaciformes
3422:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3392:Pelecaniformes
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3338:
3332:
3331:Eurypygiformes
3324:
3309:
3303:
3295:
3280:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:Pterocliformes
3127:
3119:
3070:
3059:
3046:
3031:
2955:
2914:
2852:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2776:
2749:
2726:
2719:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:Casuariiformes
2565:
2564:Apterygiformes
2557:
2549:
2541:
2518:
2503:
2474:Lists by region
2442:
2352:
2345:
2286:Chaoyangiformes
2271:Jeholornithidae
2245:
2209:Origin of birds
2195:
2176:Brood parasites
2122:
2052:
2039:
2029:
1983:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1613:Biology Letters
1606:
1605:
1601:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1412:
1400:
1224:Leipoa ocellata
1095:M. andamanensis
916:Tongan megapode
860:Scrubfowl group
806:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
622:
613:
513:
505:
428:
396:Nicobar Islands
390:, but also the
364:
311:
273:From the Greek
271:
249:birds. All are
227:incubator birds
139:
72:
35:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3922:
3920:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3849:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3761:
3748:
3735:
3722:
3709:
3699:
3686:
3673:
3658:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3514:Coraciiformes
3511:
3503:
3495:
3490:Trogoniformes
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:Passeriformes
3434:
3426:
3421:Falconiformes
3418:
3413:Cariamiformes
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3376:Ciconiiformes
3373:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3299:
3290:
3288:
3286:Cursorimorphae
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3147:Mirandornithes
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3118:Columbiformes
3114:
3112:
3110:Columbimorphae
3103:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3050:
3045:Meleagridinae
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2963:
2961:Odontophoridae
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:Stictonettinae
2737:
2735:Dendrocygninae
2732:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2688:
2686:
2669:
2656:
2613:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2488:Notable birds
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2438:Egg collecting
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:Hesperornithes
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Ambiortiformes
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Enantiornithes
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1986:Nest mound of
1981:
1972:Mound-builders
1965:
1964:External links
1962:
1960:
1959:
1938:Cocker, Mark.
1930:
1917:978-0309042956
1916:
1889:
1856:
1805:
1786:(3): 408–421.
1770:
1743:
1724:
1689:
1648:
1599:
1588:(4): 527–547.
1569:
1562:
1541:
1534:
1512:
1501:Chisholm, Hugh
1485:
1478:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1373:Incertae sedis
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:Steatman 1989a
1078:
1065:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1010:Biak scrubfowl
1007:
1006:
1005:
990:Dusky megapode
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
950:
949:
940:
922:
905:
904:
903:
880:
879:
878:
856:
855:
854:
832:
831:
830:
805:
802:
799:
798:
778:
777:
773:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
742:
741:
737:
736:
733:
732:
728:
727:
724:
723:
719:
718:
715:
714:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
686:
681:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
663:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
638:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
619:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
605:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
577:
572:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
525:
523:
518:
512:
509:
504:
501:
497:enantiornithes
479:superprecocial
427:
424:
363:
360:
310:
307:
270:
267:
263:superprecocial
231:mound-builders
209:
208:
207:
206:
199:
192:
185:
178:
171:
164:
154:
153:
147:
146:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3921:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:Featherbase:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:Strigiformes
3472:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3325:(tropicbirds)
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3247:Podargiformes
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:Cuculiformes
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2895:Macrocephalon
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2782:Anseranatidae
2779:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:Tinamiformes
2554:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2532:Palaeognathae
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Pigeon racing
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2260:Archaeopteryx
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1908:10.17226/1831
1905:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1441:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:Eua scrubfowl
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
991:
988:
986:
982:
979:
977:
973:
972:Sula megapode
970:
968:
964:
961:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
941:
939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
926:
923:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
901:
897:
894:
893:
891:
887:
886:
881:
877:
873:
870:
869:
868:
867:Macrocephalon
864:
863:
862:
861:
857:
850:
849:
844:
843:
839:
838:
833:
825:
824:
819:
818:
814:
813:
808:
807:
803:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
771:
770:
762:
761:
753:
752:
744:
743:
735:
734:
726:
725:
717:
716:
713:
711:
710:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
693:
692:
685:
684:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
668:
662:
661:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:– malleefowl
645:
644:
637:
636:
630:
629:
626:
625:
617:
616:
608:
607:
604:
602:
601:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
584:
583:
576:
575:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
559:
558:
557:Macrocephalon
551:
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
530:Megapodiidae
529:
528:
522:
521:
517:
516:
510:
508:
502:
500:
498:
493:
491:
490:dromornithids
487:
486:
480:
476:
468:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:Although the
440:
432:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
412:New Caledonia
409:
405:
401:
400:Bay of Bengal
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
322:
317:
308:
306:
304:
299:
288:
283:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
205:
204:
200:
198:
197:
193:
191:
190:
186:
184:
183:
179:
177:
176:
175:Macrocephalon
172:
170:
169:
165:
163:
162:
158:
157:
155:
152:
148:
143:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3904:Megapodiidae
3767:megapodiidae
3695:Megapodiidae
3682:Megapodiidae
3668:Megapodiidae
3638:Megapodiidae
3637:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3484:(mousebirds)
3482:Coliiformes
3352:Gaviiformes
3344:Aequornithes
3252:Apodiformes
3213:Otidiformes
3189:Otidimorphae
3136:(sandgrouse)
3058:Phasianinae
3024:
3017:
3010:
3005:Odontophorus
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2843:Oreophasinae
2789:
2769:
2762:
2667:(waterfowls)
2663:Anseriformes
2413:Cockfighting
2398:Conservation
2393:Bird feeding
2381:Birdwatching
2371:Ornithomancy
2311:Gansuiformes
2258:
2251:Fossil birds
2141:Intelligence
1994:the original
1989:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1898:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1859:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1757:ResearchGate
1756:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1619:(1): 31–33.
1616:
1612:
1602:
1585:
1581:
1553:
1523:
1515:
1504:
1488:
1465:
1459:
1440:
1401:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1285:
1277:
1268:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
946:
937:
928:
919:
908:
899:
889:
883:
875:
866:
858:
846:
835:
821:
810:
782:
707:
706:
689:
688:
665:
641:
640:
598:
597:
580:
579:
555:
554:
506:
494:
483:
472:
441:
437:
416:Raoul Island
388:Wallace Line
386:east of the
368:Australasian
365:
354:. The other
343:
335:
325:
319:
312:
302:
286:
272:
243:Megapodiidae
242:
230:
226:
222:
220:
201:
194:
187:
180:
173:
166:
159:
137:Megapodiidae
136:
61:
36:
3788:iNaturalist
3662:Wikispecies
3612:WikiProject
3522:Piciformes
3405:Australaves
3384:Suliformes
3302:Gruiformes
3157:(flamingos)
3066:Tetraoninae
3037:Phasianidae
3026:Rhynchortyx
2991:Dactylortyx
2858:Megapodidae
2848:Penelopinae
2806:Galliformes
2548:Rheiformes
2542:(ostriches)
2492:individuals
2366:Ornithology
2353:interaction
2108:Preen gland
1882:23 November
1865:Gill, Frank
1381:Garrdimalga
1346:Latagallina
1104:M. burnabyi
1076:Worthy 2000
837:Ngawupodius
456:Galliformes
356:Galliformes
309:Description
247:terrestrial
127:Galliformes
18:Megapodidae
3898:Categories
3362:(penguins)
3215:(bustards)
3053:Perdicinae
2998:Dendrortyx
2970:Callipepla
2902:Megapodius
2867:Aepypodius
2745:Tadorninae
2727:true geese
2558:(tinamous)
2517:Neornithes
2428:Pheasantry
2403:Aviculture
2171:Incubation
2161:Lek mating
1825:(1): 209.
1452:References
1398:Human uses
1259:Aepypodius
1220:Malleefowl
1207:Malleefowl
910:Megapodius
890:Megapodius
709:Aepypodius
600:Megapodius
452:imprinting
380:New Guinea
338:) and the
255:malleefowl
196:Aepypodius
168:Megapodius
3431:(parrots)
3275:(hoatzin)
3226:Strisores
3207:(turacos)
3199:(cuckoos)
3128:(mesites)
3047:(turkeys)
3019:Philortyx
2936:Agelastes
2929:Acryllium
2920:Numididae
2909:Talegalla
2819:gamebirds
2812:landfowls
2791:Anseranas
2755:Anhimidae
2714:Anserinae
2497:fictional
2219:dinosaurs
2214:Theropoda
2201:Evolution
2146:Migration
2128:Behaviour
1432:Footnotes
1354:formerly
1287:Talegalla
829:(Vanuatu)
795:Rasmussen
667:Talegalla
511:Phylogeny
485:Genyornis
475:egg tooth
384:Indonesia
376:Australia
327:Talegalla
269:Etymology
223:megapodes
189:Talegalla
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
42:Megapode
3702:BioLib:
3647:Wikidata
3576:Category
3450:Afroaves
3378:(storks)
3180:Passerea
3165:(grebes)
3101:Columbea
3012:Oreortyx
2984:Cyrtonyx
2874:Alectura
2838:Cracinae
2830:Cracidae
2707:Oxyurini
2697:Aythyini
2692:Anatinae
2676:Anatidae
2423:Falconry
2386:big year
2241:Seabirds
2151:Foraging
2098:Feathers
1851:34809586
1800:12099795
1719:53532720
1684:15159424
1643:17148121
1410:See also
1378:Genus: â€
1343:Genus: â€
1321:Genus: â€
1241:Alectura
804:Taxonomy
789:list by
691:Alectura
560:– maleo
352:Cracidae
321:Alectura
251:browsers
203:Alectura
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
32:Macropod
3653:Q213536
3588:Commons
3092:Neoaves
2977:Colinus
2943:Guttera
2881:Eulipoa
2702:Mergini
2566:(kiwis)
2550:(rheas)
2361:Ringing
2186:Hybrids
2181:Nesting
2136:Singing
2113:Plumage
2088:Dactyly
2058:Anatomy
2048:Outline
2038:: Aves)
1952:5 April
1923:5 April
1842:8609756
1634:1629050
1503:(ed.).
1404:Oceania
1324:Progura
1284:Genus:
1256:Genus:
1239:Genus:
1213:Genus:
1209:, group
907:Genus:
885:Eulipoa
882:Genus:
865:Genus:
834:Genus â€
809:Genus â€
582:Eulipoa
503:Species
467:compost
398:in the
392:Andaman
372:Pacific
257:occupy
235:chicken
161:Eulipoa
123:Order:
113:Class:
56:female
3868:620981
3852:NZOR:
3819:175695
3806:104295
3757:1MGPOF
3600:Portal
3476:(owls)
2950:Numida
2888:Leipoa
2771:Chauna
2764:Anhima
2459:Genera
2433:Imping
2351:Human
2191:Colony
2118:Vision
2103:Flight
1914:
1849:
1839:
1798:
1717:
1682:
1641:
1631:
1560:
1532:
1476:
1215:Leipoa
1197:M. sp.
1187:M. sp.
1177:M. sp.
1167:M. sp.
1157:M. sp.
1147:M. sp.
1137:M. sp.
1127:M. sp.
1117:M. sp.
812:Mwalau
643:Leipoa
410:, and
348:hallux
289:) and
259:wooded
237:-like
182:Leipoa
151:Genera
144:, 1831
142:Lesson
3881:98831
3801:IRMNG
3705:21526
2720:swans
2682:ducks
2652:fowls
2447:Lists
2071:Brain
2036:class
2032:Birds
1943:(PDF)
1715:S2CID
1499:. In
872:Maleo
783:et al
408:Tonga
316:clade
287:great
282:mégas
276:ÎĽÎγας
239:birds
3845:8977
3840:NCBI
3814:ITIS
3793:2017
3780:9318
3775:GBIF
3752:EPPO
3744:7601
3713:BOLD
2093:Eggs
2081:milk
2076:Crop
2066:Beak
1954:2022
1925:2022
1912:ISBN
1884:2021
1847:PMID
1796:PMID
1680:PMID
1639:PMID
1558:ISBN
1530:ISBN
1474:ISBN
791:Gill
404:Fiji
394:and
324:and
303:foot
298:poĂşs
292:πούς
221:The
117:Aves
3827:NBN
3739:EoL
3731:CHP
3726:CoL
3718:967
3690:AFD
3677:ADW
1904:doi
1837:PMC
1827:doi
1788:doi
1761:doi
1707:doi
1670:doi
1666:207
1629:PMC
1621:doi
1590:doi
787:IOU
305:).
295:, (
229:or
3900::
3878::
3865::
3842::
3829::
3816::
3803::
3790::
3777::
3754::
3741::
3728::
3715::
3692::
3679::
3664::
3649::
1975:.
1945:.
1910:.
1845:.
1835:.
1823:21
1821:.
1817:.
1794:.
1784:23
1782:.
1755:.
1736:.
1713:.
1703:41
1701:.
1678:.
1664:.
1660:.
1637:.
1627:.
1615:.
1611:.
1586:31
1584:.
1572:^
1544:^
1472:.
1313:,
1304:,
1295:,
1276:,
1267:,
1248:,
1222:,
1185:,
1175:,
1165:,
1155:,
1145:,
1135:,
1121:†'
1115:,
1084:,
1071:,
1058:,
1048:,
1039:,
1030:,
1021:,
1012:,
1001:,
992:,
983:,
974:,
965:,
956:,
945:,
936:,
927:,
918:,
898:,
892:)
874:,
797:.
406:,
378:,
374:,
301:=
285:=
64:)
2821:)
2814:-
2810:(
2684:)
2680:(
2654:)
2650:(
2646:e
2644:a
2642:r
2640:e
2638:s
2636:n
2634:a
2632:o
2630:l
2628:l
2626:a
2624:G
2611:e
2609:a
2607:h
2605:t
2603:a
2601:n
2599:g
2597:o
2595:e
2593:N
2034:(
2024:e
2017:t
2010:v
1956:.
1927:.
1906::
1886:.
1853:.
1829::
1802:.
1790::
1767:.
1763::
1740:.
1721:.
1709::
1686:.
1672::
1645:.
1623::
1617:1
1596:.
1592::
1566:.
1538:.
1482:.
1191:â€
1181:â€
1171:â€
1161:â€
1151:â€
1141:â€
1131:â€
1111:â€
1102:â€
1093:â€
1080:â€
1067:â€
1054:â€
902:.
845:â€
820:â€
342:(
334:(
279:(
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
