60:
1601:
1112:
83:
1705:
543:
3162:
1170:. Princes would send humanist writers and scholars medals in recognition of their work, and the humanists began to make their own medals, normally in bronze, to send to their patrons and peers. The fashion remained restricted to Italy until near the end of the 15th century, when it spread to other countries. By the 16th century, medals were increasingly produced by rulers or cities for propaganda purposes. In 1550, a die-stamping machine, using steel dies, was introduced in
127:
677:
1404:
1664:
1479:
1186:
medals from the beginning of the century, while the French and
British were slower to produce fine work. However, by the late 17th century, most parts of Western Europe could produce fine work. Some medals were also collected, which continues to the present day. Official medals, from which specialized military awards descended, were increasingly produced, but the real growth in military medals did not come until the 19th century.
1339:, some of which still exist and are still awarded. While most modern orders have no roots in knighthood, they still tend to carry over the terms of their historic counterparts, and terms such as knight, commander, officer, members, and so on are still commonly found as ranks. A military order may use a medal as its insignia, however, most tend to have a unique badge or a type of plaque specifically designed for an emblem.
91:
3427:
1060:, and that in return for this, Alexander "...sent to Jonathan... honorary awards, as a golden button, which it is custom to give the king's kinsmen." Roman emperors used both military awards of medals, and political gifts of medallions that were like very large coins, usually in gold or silver, and die-struck like coins. Both these and actual golden coins were often set as pieces of jewellery, worn by both sexes.
1142:, who commissioned a number of large classicising medals that were probably produced in very small numbers, or a unique cast. Only casts in bronze from the originals in precious metal survive, although it is known that at least some medals were also set with jewels, and these may well have been worn on a chain. At the same period, the first known post-classical medal commemorating a victory was struck for
1657:
555:
3155:
1311:
3437:
1632:, who modelled and cast a number of portrait medals of princes and scholars in the 1440s. Many other artists followed his example, in places such as Italy, the Low Countries, Germany, and France. In the seventeenth century medals were extensively used to commemorate events and glorify rulers. In the eighteenth century prize medals became common. In the 19th century
1539:
1009:
3169:
1196:, whose design was created based on the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Saint Catherine Labouré in Paris. In 1832, during an epidemic, the first medals were distributed, to which numerous healings and conversions were attributed, receiving the name of Miraculous Medal and distributed to millions of people around the world.
1025:
669:
1612:, or simply different price levels for medals made for sale or donation by the commissioner. Medals have historically been given as prizes in various types of competitive activities, especially athletics. The gold, silver and bronze Olympic medals for first, second and third places were first used at the
888:
attached to a top bar where the brooch pin is affixed. Top bars may be hidden under the ribbon so they are not visible, be a plain device from which the ribbon attaches, or may even be decorative to complement the design on the medal. Some top bars are elaborate and contain a whole design unto themselves.
1469:
periods were often made for purely decorative purposes, with often crowded scenes from religious, historical or mythological sources. While usually metal, table medals have been issued in wood, plastic, fibre, and other compositions. The US Government awards gold medals on important occasions, with
1326:
tends to be the most elaborate of military decorations, typically awarded for distinguished services to a nation or to the general betterment of humanity. Orders are distinguished from other forms of decoration in that they often imply membership in an organization or association of others that have
871:
The main or front surface of a medal is termed the obverse, and may contain a portrait, pictorial scene, or other image along with an inscription. The reverse, or back surface of the medal, is not always used and may be left blank or may contain a secondary design. It is not uncommon to find only an
1165:
to Italy. This was presumably a commercial venture, but his later medals were mostly commissioned for distribution as gifts by rulers or nobles. Like almost all early
Renaissance medals, it was cast rather than die-struck. With each successive cast the medal became slightly smaller, and the numbers
887:
Medals that are intended to be hung from a ribbon also include a small suspension piece at the crest with which to loop a suspension ring through. It is through the ring that a ribbon is run or folded so the medal may hang pendent. Medals pinned to the breast use only a small cut of ribbon that is
1445:
The
Carnegie Hero Foundation is the issuer of a bravery medal, most commonly issued in the US, Canada, and the UK. This large bronze table medal features Andrew Carnegie's likeness on the obverse and the name of the awardee and citation engraved on the reverse. It is usually issued for lifesaving
1362:
who distinguishes himself, "conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States." Each of the three departments of the
American armed forces has a unique picture displayed on a medal,
1185:
By the 16th century, the wearing of smaller medals on a chain was a persistent fashion for both sexes, and a variety of medals were produced commercially for the purpose, commemorating persons or events, or just with non-specific suitable sentiments. German artists had been producing high-quality
1107:
on a chain. From the 16th century onward, medals were made, both by rulers for presentation and private enterprise for sale, to commemorate specific events, including military battles and victories, and from this grew the practice of awarding military medals specifically to combatants, though
1525:
Fraternal jewels may be worn as military-style medals, on ribbons, from the left breast, or more prominently on collars or collarettes as part of the organisation's regalia. Historic examples of such medals and jewels may be found in many museums, particularly museums dedicated to fraternal
891:
Bronze has been the most common material used to create medals, due to its fair price range, durability, ease with which to work when casting, and the ample availability. However, a wide range of other media have also been used. Rarer metals have been employed, such as
607:
is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are presented as awards. They may be intended to be worn, suspended from clothing or
1094:
on, it became common for sovereigns, nobles, and later, intellectuals to commission medals to be given simply as gifts to their political allies to either maintain or gain support of an influential person. The medals were made in a range of metals, such as gold,
860:, albeit often higher than on coins: Limited-edition medals may be struck in repeated impacts allowing more metal displacement than in coins produced for mass circulation in a single impact. Circular medals are most common; rectangular medals are often known as
1648:
were among many highly regarded medalists. The early twentieth century saw art medals flourish, particularly in France, Italy, and
Belgium, while later in the century Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the US, Canada, and England produced much high quality work.
1390:
Military decorations, including medals and orders, are usually presented to the recipient in a formal ceremony. Medals are normally worn on more formal occasions and are suspended from a ribbon of the medal's colours on the left breast, while a corresponding
1287:
in 1802 had some of the characteristics of the old military orders, but was intended to be far more inclusive, and was awarded to rank and file soldiers for bravery or exceptional service. Other nations followed with decorations such as the
British
1099:, silver, bronze, and lead, depending on the status of the recipient. They were typically up to about three inches across, and usually featured the head of the donor on the obverse, surrounded by an inscription with their name and title, and their
650:
In the proper use of the term, medallions are larger, starting at perhaps four inches across, and are, as such, usually too large to be worn very comfortably, though in colloquial use, "medallion" is often used to refer to a medal used as the
3135:
1166:
that could be produced were probably not large. A lead "proof" was probably often used. The association between medals and the classical revival began to take a rather different form, and the exchange of medals became associated with
868:. The "decoration" types often use other shapes, especially crosses and stars. These in particular usually come with a suspension loop, and a wide coloured ribbon with a clip at the top, for attaching to clothing worn on the chest.
627:
in their own right. In the past, medals commissioned for an individual, typically with their portrait, were often used as a form of diplomatic or personal gift, with no sense of being an award for the conduct of the recipient.
59:
1498:. Their purpose varies, and may include use as a badge of membership, an indication of rank, a symbol of office within the fraternity, or an indication of support having been given to a designated charitable cause (so-called
1075:. They often have suspension loops and were clearly intended to be worn on a chain as jewellery. They imitate, at a distance, Roman imperial coins and medallions, but have the heads of gods, animals, or other designs. The
1442:, presents each winner, "an assignment for the amount of the prize, a diploma, and a gold medal..." This medal would be displayed framed like a picture, on a table, wall or in a cabinet, rather than be worn by the winner.
659:
fashion style of the 1960s and 1970s), or for other types of medals. Medallions may also be called "table medals" because they are too large to be worn and can only be displayed on a wall, table top, desk, or cabinet.
1529:
There is extensive trade in fraternal jewels and medals, with societies and associations existing to promote such trade, and to encourage the sharing of resources, and on-line resources available to support the hobby.
722:
Souvenirs: similar to a commemorative, but more focused on a place or event like state fairs, expositions, museums, historic sites, etc., and frequently found for sale within their respective souvenir shops.
1240:
is awarded for serving in a particular capacity in a particular geographical area and time frame (such as the Iraq
Campaign Medal). In either case, an award or decoration may be presented as a medal.
5088:
872:
artistic rendering on the obverse, while all details and other information for the medal are inscribed on the reverse. The rim is found only occasionally employed to display an inscription such as a
1760:
3440:
1755:
1415:
Medallion is a vague term, often used for larger, usually circular, medals, which might be worn as pendants round the neck. It is the correct term for such medals from the late
1347:
1857:
1834:
1750:
1307:
and all associated actions in 1815. By the middle of the 19th century, the number of awards used had greatly expanded in most countries to something near modern levels.
4128:
3308:
615:
A medal may be awarded to a person or organisation as a form of recognition for sporting, military, scientific, cultural, academic, or various other achievements.
3949:
1608:
Many medals were and are made in several different metals, either representing awards for different places in a competition, or standards or classes, as with the
2221:(Leipzig : 1907–1949) is a thirty six volume work in German that lists all artists without differentiating their specialty and medium like the Forrer work.
1087:(or "Saint Letard"), the first priest among the Anglo-Saxons, and most likely presented to converts. The surviving example is mounted for wearing as jewellery.
3291:
1275:
as early as 1780, to three specified men for a particular incident, as a one-off award, which was characteristic of early military decorations. In 1782, the
1600:
704:
Awards: awarded to a person or organization as a form of recognition for sporting, military, scientific, cultural, academic, or various other achievements.
4668:
2808:
2760:
2306:
1616:. At the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while at 1900 other prizes were given, not medals. The medals for the London
4133:
1723:
1422:
Generally circular, table medals are issued for artistic, commemoration, or souvenir purposes, not for commerce, and are too large to be plausibly worn.
1248:
1115:
1922:
1103:
on the reverse, with a learned motto inscribed round the edges. Such medals were not usually intended to be worn, although they might have been set as
2735:
2055:
1745:
3480:
3430:
672:
Various prize medals with obverse designs, suspension rings and ribbons typical of medals intended to be draped over the head and hung from the neck
2234:, a collection catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on medals (see index)
1232:
is a term for awards which require specific acts of heroism or achievement (such as the
British Victoria Cross or American Silver Star), whereas a
1111:
2788:
2237:
1263:
for a variety of achievements. The practice was revived in the Early Modern period, and medals began to be worn on the chest as part of standard
2869:
2336:
3078:
1511:
586:
1522:), also using medals as jewels of their Orders. Many of these organisations advertise jewels (medals) for sale on their corporate websites.
712:. Military decorations are often in shapes such as crosses or stars, but are still loosely called "medals", as in the star-shaped American
2750:
2725:
2114:
1728:
212:
207:
1878:
4954:
4801:
2773:
4473:
4375:
2891:
2491:
2923:
2182:
1854:
1318:(l to r: Army, Navy, Air Force), for "Conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty".
1944:
5083:
4959:
4806:
1962:
1831:
1800:
1419:, typically distributed by the emperor and bearing his image, but in later periods larger medals are best termed just as medals.
719:
Commemoratives: created for sale to commemorate particular individuals or events, or as works of medallic art in their own right.
4875:
2874:
2711:
1765:
1358:
distinctly serves this purpose, and unlike any other U.S. military decoration, has classes). It is bestowed on a member of the
1354:, and is an example of a decoration that is modeled as a military order, even though not expressly defining itself as one (The
1220:
705:
616:
3445:
2231:
1815:
1454:
are a type of relatively unofficial medal given to boost morale, and sometimes to act as convenient passes for unit members.
1155:
217:
185:
1901:
732:
Portraits: produced to immortalize a person with their portrait; European portrait medallions sometimes bear the Latin word
2094:
5093:
4522:
4509:
4090:
2354:
1681:
1252:
277:
236:
202:
192:
1969:(1988.133)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. Accessed July 5, 2010
4226:
3853:
3805:
3473:
2745:
2716:
1143:
612:
in some way, although this has not always been the case. They may be struck like a coin by dies or die-cast in a mould.
346:
4331:
3531:
3252:
2816:
2778:
1332:
371:
304:
255:
197:
1189:
In the East, a wide variety of medals and decorations have been given by the
Ottoman Empire since the 18th century.
4620:
3881:
3602:
2496:
2329:
1447:
1359:
1068:
53:
5063:
4932:
2879:
2846:
2287:
1687:
1641:
1518:. There are also religious fraternal organisations attached to certain Christian denominations (for example, the
825:
579:
339:
319:
5034:
4890:
4427:
3716:
2798:
1351:
86:
Reverse of the same medal, this copy with a suspension hole added later (inside a crescent moon in the design).
2275:
1919:
1546:. Recent Olympic medals are suspended as a pendant from a ribbon, and are awarded in gold, silver and bronze.
1494:, the use of medals is commonplace. In many prominent fraternal organisations, fraternal medals are known as
5203:
4773:
4105:
3466:
2898:
2836:
2793:
2524:
1380:
1276:
949:
845:
299:
136:
82:
39:
1640:
produced a great series of portrait medals of famous contemporaries and in the latter part of the century,
4791:
4700:
4467:
4338:
3824:
2856:
2831:
2571:
1083:, is an isolated example, known from a single copy, of a Christian medal, featuring an inscription naming
849:
466:
46:
2214:(Spink & Sons, 1904–1930) is an eight volume reference in English listing medallists through history.
1628:
The first well-known great artist to create medals was the
Italian painter Antonio Pisano, also known as
1299:
from 1813. Medals were not awarded to all combatants in a war or battle until the 19th century, when the
1280:
1067:
is a type of thin gold medal, usually plain on the reverse, found in Northern Europe from the so-called "
4542:
3587:
3161:
2851:
2322:
1162:
790:(first attested in English in 1658) has the same ultimate derivation, but this time through the Italian
334:
309:
2154:
1943:. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. (October 2006)
2192:
623:. Medals may also be created for sale to commemorate particular individuals or events, or as works of
5229:
4830:
4562:
4297:
3313:
3009:
2886:
2783:
2768:
2581:
2546:
2529:
2440:
1617:
1613:
1543:
1519:
1458:
1268:
1175:
1167:
1017:
572:
106:
4537:
952:, or finished in a variety of other ways to improve their appearance. Medals have also been made of
5190:
4927:
4917:
4840:
4815:
4205:
3872:
3848:
3378:
3301:
3296:
2826:
2821:
2612:
2478:
2362:
1423:
1225:
1139:
1080:
881:
656:
624:
289:
241:
4417:
676:
5053:
4996:
4760:
4440:
4233:
4115:
4027:
3795:
3769:
3645:
3536:
2665:
2508:
2134:
2037:
1738:
1710:
1376:
1368:
1304:
1272:
1033:
547:
435:
248:
173:
2111:
2056:"The apparitions and the Miraculous Medal | Chapelle Notre-Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse"
1013:
126:
2069:
5139:
4905:
4394:
4274:
3668:
3634:
3629:
3366:
2607:
2602:
2486:
2455:
2178:
2029:
1637:
1403:
1384:
1159:
853:
324:
294:
284:
166:
5024:
4900:
4895:
4796:
4717:
4614:
4282:
4251:
4158:
4017:
3738:
3393:
3388:
3063:
2676:
2409:
2188:
2019:
1674:
1645:
1264:
1193:
1076:
1072:
769:
726:
684:
403:
388:
314:
269:
67:
1502:). Common secular fraternities using jewels (medals) in the English-speaking world include
1395:
is to be worn to common events where medals would be inappropriate or impractical to wear.
904:, when wishing to add value beyond the mere artistic depiction, as well as base metals and
5224:
5029:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4870:
4835:
4786:
4744:
4638:
4515:
4422:
4264:
4241:
4200:
3954:
3914:
3726:
3418:
3398:
3383:
3318:
3274:
3247:
3124:
3073:
3068:
2700:
2566:
2400:
2383:
2158:
2138:
2118:
2098:
1966:
1948:
1926:
1905:
1861:
1838:
1819:
1804:
1775:
1663:
1408:
1355:
1336:
1289:
1057:
989:
423:
366:
4710:
1920:
Age of spirituality : late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century
1327:
received the same award. Two of the most well known and commonly awarded orders are the
1138:
The medieval revival seems to have begun around 1400 with the extravagant French prince
4922:
4885:
4764:
4756:
4695:
4687:
4663:
4653:
4585:
4529:
4494:
4370:
4352:
4302:
4195:
4042:
3977:
3921:
3597:
3522:
3257:
3041:
2955:
2730:
2636:
2561:
2518:
2503:
2419:
1609:
1478:
1451:
1364:
1343:
1323:
1315:
1300:
1244:
953:
829:
713:
526:
398:
381:
376:
329:
224:
95:
1959:
1940:
1931:(online as PDF), pp. 36-46, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1979; Osbourne, 563
1797:
1550:
Traditionally, medals are made of the following metals, in order of decreasing value:
5218:
4912:
4820:
4739:
4628:
4609:
4594:
4499:
4462:
4345:
4312:
4292:
4215:
4190:
4185:
4172:
4143:
4100:
4037:
3944:
3929:
3900:
3813:
3607:
3489:
3403:
3361:
3286:
3242:
3085:
3046:
2687:
2300:
2041:
1438:(military related). The Nobel Foundation, the organization awarding the prestigious
1260:
1204:
865:
762:
231:
2091:
5178:
5166:
5116:
5110:
5105:
4964:
4658:
4604:
4599:
4552:
4486:
4412:
4402:
4381:
4325:
4259:
4210:
4138:
4072:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4022:
3997:
3987:
3894:
3675:
3493:
3356:
2991:
2648:
2445:
2345:
1770:
1633:
1507:
1416:
1208:
1029:
811:
695:
691:, 1535–1540, gilt bronze. Created purely as an art object for a collector's market.
559:
447:
442:
393:
3458:
3154:
1812:
1656:
1538:
1898:
794:, meaning "large medal". There are two theories as for the etymology of the word
736:("of his age") to describe the depicted person's age at the time of the portrait.
5151:
5073:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4643:
4557:
4547:
4407:
4365:
4360:
4177:
4153:
4095:
4062:
4032:
4012:
4007:
3982:
3972:
3939:
3934:
3750:
3731:
3685:
3680:
3561:
3351:
3341:
3202:
3129:
2960:
2947:
2841:
2682:
2594:
2358:
1620:
are the largest ever, reflecting a trend for increasing size in Olympic medals.
1568:
1503:
1439:
1192:
Devotional medals became very popular in Catholic countries. Very famous is the
1151:
1096:
1091:
1037:
993:
973:
636:
514:
480:
114:
90:
71:
5144:
5127:
5068:
5048:
4705:
4633:
4580:
4576:
4504:
4320:
4287:
4220:
4123:
4067:
3889:
3843:
3800:
3755:
3706:
3639:
3619:
3582:
3556:
3512:
3507:
3237:
3219:
3112:
3024:
2670:
2551:
1700:
1515:
1487:
1431:
1392:
1296:
1284:
1200:
1130:
1049:
877:
776:
497:
2033:
1228:, service awards, and medals are often mistakenly confused with one another.
5156:
5043:
5019:
4781:
4673:
4433:
4148:
3831:
3765:
3711:
3658:
3653:
3526:
3269:
3197:
3119:
3053:
3019:
3014:
2986:
2660:
2626:
2556:
2219:
Allgemeines Lexicon der Bildenden Kùnstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart
1629:
1466:
1462:
1435:
1310:
1147:
1119:
1064:
969:
861:
740:
680:
644:
609:
454:
75:
1044:
The first known instance of a medal being awarded comes from the historian
2024:
746:
Society Medals: made for societies used as a badge or token of membership.
5173:
5161:
5122:
5100:
4991:
4880:
4825:
4648:
4447:
3907:
3860:
3819:
3790:
3778:
3721:
3701:
3663:
3624:
3373:
3346:
3336:
3209:
3187:
2917:
2576:
1877:
The New American Webster Handy College Dictionary, p. 450, Signet, 2006,
1733:
1718:
1636:
exploded in popularity. In the early part of the aforementioned century,
1604:
Silver 2nd place medal of European Athletic Indoor Games 11–12 March 1972
1554:
1482:
Breast jewels (medals) worn by members of a secular fraternity in Poland.
1427:
1171:
1124:
1084:
1045:
957:
921:
897:
783:
640:
632:
473:
461:
178:
161:
148:
17:
3168:
1174:, Germany, and soon this process became standard. The artist now cut an
5014:
4986:
4454:
4082:
3837:
3784:
3743:
3592:
3566:
3517:
3029:
2981:
2655:
1491:
1372:
1293:
1256:
1104:
1053:
1048:
who, writing long after the event, accounts that in the second century
997:
945:
941:
652:
63:
1008:
5183:
5058:
4168:
3614:
3279:
3107:
3058:
2631:
2617:
2291:
2251:
2199:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1179:
1146:
on the occasion of the capture of Padua in 1390. The Italian artist
1100:
937:
933:
909:
893:
857:
856:. The imagery, which usually includes lettering, is typically in low
502:
31:
2259:
2007:
1465:, which may be commemorative, but especially in the Renaissance and
2243:
1199:
During the Reformation there had also been a vigorous tradition of
1024:
5133:
4862:
4844:
3264:
3192:
3099:
3036:
2366:
2279:
1599:
1542:
A silver medal was awarded to the winner of each event during the
1537:
1477:
1402:
1379:
medal shows a scene of Minerva doing battle with Discord, and the
1335:. The practice of conferring orders originates with the mediaeval
1309:
1110:
1023:
1007:
985:
965:
961:
913:
905:
873:
818:
709:
675:
668:
667:
620:
521:
507:
485:
89:
81:
58:
35:
2288:"The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics"
1203:
medals, more polemical than devotional, which continued with the
2969:
2621:
2198:
Weiss, B. "Collection of Historical and Commemorative Medals".
1594:
1559:
981:
977:
929:
925:
917:
901:
430:
156:
3462:
2318:
2314:
3214:
2008:"II. ABDÜLHAMİD İN MADALYA SİYASETİ: LİYAKAT MADALYASI ÖRNEĞİ"
1589:
1292:
from 1810, though this only went to senior officers, and the
2299:
2267:
635:". Medals have long been popular collectible items, and in
3441:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
2151:
1122:(1438). The legend reads, in Greek: "John the Palaiologos,
1108:
initially only a few of the much higher-ranking officers.
940:. Medals that are made with inexpensive material might be
2131:
1426:
and Table Medals of coin-like appearance are part of the
1303:
was the first British medal given to all present, at the
1279:
was established, and mostly awarded to non-officers. The
1761:
Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
631:
An artist who creates medals or medallions is called a "
2424:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
1434:, while Orders, Decorations, and Medals are considered
1756:
Awards and decorations of the United States government
1150:, generally agreed to be the finest medallist of the
2310:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 1–18.
806:
meaning "medial" or "middle"; the second being that
70:'s family to political allies, a common practice in
5007:
4979:
4861:
4772:
4753:
4686:
4575:
4485:
4393:
4311:
4273:
4250:
4167:
4114:
4081:
3996:
3963:
3880:
3869:
3764:
3694:
3575:
3549:
3500:
3421:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
3327:
3228:
3178:
3098:
3002:
2946:
2935:
2915:
2807:
2759:
2744:
2710:
2699:
2647:
2539:
2517:
2477:
2470:
2433:
2399:
2392:
2377:
2121:
from the Library and Museum of Freemasonry, London.
848:with dies on a durable metal flan or planchet, or
1751:Orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms
1571:, which is in fact used for Olympic "gold medals"
52:"Medallion" redirects here. For other uses, see
3309:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
1651:
2414:and their national/public/official authorities
1363:which is in turn displayed upon a star-shaped
3474:
2330:
2278:. Julie McCullum's Militarium. Archived from
1331:of France (military and civil) and the civil
1158:, celebrating the unprecedented visit of the
580:
8:
757:First attested in English in 1578, the word
708:are more precise terms for certain types of
619:are more precise terms for certain types of
2175:The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts
698:divide medals into at least seven classes:
4769:
4247:
3877:
3481:
3467:
3459:
2943:
2932:
2756:
2707:
2536:
2514:
2474:
2396:
2389:
2337:
2323:
2315:
2276:"The home of British and Allied militaria"
1724:Orders, decorations, and medals of Belgium
1116:Medal of the Emperor John VIII Palaiologos
587:
573:
101:
2023:
1941:"Bracteate [Scandinavian] (2001.583)"
1746:Orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
1470:bronze copies available for public sale.
1407:Commemorative medal of Finnish president
3431:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
1679:
1670:
1661:
1654:
739:Artistic: made purely as an art object.
2244:"American World's Fair and Expo Medals"
1809:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
1786:
817:, meaning "metal (coin)" and that from
113:
2290:. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from
1864:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
2252:"Historical and Commemorative Medals"
2212:Biographical Dictionary of Medallists
2187:Stephen K. Scher, et al. "Medal." In
2130:For example, see official website of
1889:Heinemann English Dictionary, p. 623,
1512:Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes
802:itself is derived from the adjective
7:
3417:* = Direct or indirect reference to
3136:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field
1841:, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short,
1729:List of highest military decorations
3436:
1052:, the High Priest Jonathan led the
27:Small commemorative artistic object
3446:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Awards
1960:"Constantine medal, French (Paris)
1399:Table medals and other large forms
729:may be worn for religious reasons.
25:
2012:Turk Kulturu Lncelemeleri Dergisi
1118:during his visit to Florence, by
798:: the first being that the Latin
4129:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3435:
3426:
3425:
3167:
3160:
3153:
2232:European sculpture and metalwork
1703:
1662:
1655:
1040:; this was produced commercially
553:
541:
125:
1766:Military awards and decorations
1671:1896 Colonial Exposition medal,
1247:adopted an elaborate system of
1221:Military awards and decorations
1215:Military medals and decorations
706:Military awards and decorations
617:Military awards and decorations
782:, meaning a coin worth half a
1:
2217:Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker,
2070:"Code of Federal Regulations"
1908:, Online Etymology Dictionary
1411:, designed by Heikki Häiväoja
1178:die rather than modelling in
884:marking, or a series number.
2355:Auxiliary science of history
1251:that included medals called
1079:, produced around AD 600 in
3253:Fraternities and sororities
2195:, (accessed July 28, 2010).
1333:Order of the British Empire
1144:Francesco Carrara (Novello)
639:form a class called either
5246:
4792:Imperial, royal, and noble
1360:United States Armed Forces
1337:fraternities of knighthood
1218:
775:, and ultimately from the
54:Medallion (disambiguation)
51:
44:
29:
5199:
4876:Imperial, royal and noble
3412:
3151:
2352:
2238:Medals and the Royal Mint
1794:Oxford English Dictionary
1090:In Europe, from the late
1016:, princess and patron of
844:Traditionally medals are
655:of a necklace (as in the
3717:Maiden and married names
2262:. Historical Medallions.
2090:Jewels displayed on the
2072:. Department of the Army
1352:United States Government
1020:, distributed as a gift.
66:of medal distributed by
30:Not to be confused with
5204:Category:Lists of names
2307:Encyclopædia Britannica
2260:"Historical Medallions"
2246:. ExpositionMedals.com.
1866:A Greek-English Lexicon
1488:fraternal organisations
1277:Badge of Military Merit
1154:, began in 1438 with a
864:, and square medals as
743:are often of this type.
467:Commemorative banknotes
4134:Eritrean and Ethiopian
2173:Osborne, Harold (ed),
1688:Jules-Clément Chaplain
1682:Exposition Universelle
1642:Jules-Clément Chaplain
1605:
1547:
1490:which wear ceremonial
1483:
1412:
1319:
1135:
1041:
1021:
692:
673:
548:Numismatics portal
186:Circulating currencies
99:
87:
79:
47:Medal (disambiguation)
5064:Galton–Watson process
4669:Ancient Tamil country
4091:Australian Aboriginal
2270:. Megan C. Robertson.
2268:"Medals of the World"
2193:Subscription required
2191:. Oxford Art Online,
2025:10.24058/tki.2021.440
2006:Küskü, Fırat (2021).
1603:
1541:
1481:
1406:
1313:
1163:John VIII Palaiologos
1114:
1027:
1018:Renaissance humanists
1011:
679:
671:
278:Historical currencies
119:the study of currency
93:
85:
62:
4831:Post-nominal letters
3950:Indigenous Taiwanese
3314:Magical organization
2774:Intellectual freedom
2582:Master of ceremonies
1618:2012 Summer Olympics
1614:1904 Summer Olympics
1544:1896 Summer Olympics
1520:Catenian Association
1371:depicts the head of
1269:Continental Congress
1267:. The United States
1226:Military decorations
1168:Renaissance Humanism
777:post-classical Latin
761:is derived from the
249:Fictional currencies
98:by Devreese Godefroi
74:Europe. Designed by
45:For other uses, see
5191:Surnames by country
4816:Pre-nominal letters
3873:Surnames by country
3379:Order of precedence
2132:Jewels of the Craft
1367:. The medal of the
1348:military decoration
1314:The United States'
1081:Anglo-Saxon England
880:, engraver symbol,
625:artistic expression
436:Commemorative coins
347:Medieval currencies
256:Proposed currencies
5054:Endonym and exonym
4997:Calendar of saints
4980:Related traditions
4754:Manners of address
4116:Sub-Saharan Africa
3537:Nobiliary particle
3292:Hereditary society
2509:Royal family order
2157:2015-08-01 at the
2150:See, for example,
2137:2015-10-17 at the
2117:2015-09-24 at the
2097:2016-01-21 at the
1965:2011-05-01 at the
1947:2010-11-25 at the
1925:2015-04-26 at the
1904:2011-08-23 at the
1860:2021-01-20 at the
1843:A Latin Dictionary
1837:2023-01-02 at the
1818:2011-11-08 at the
1803:2016-03-13 at the
1739:List of medallists
1711:Numismatics portal
1606:
1548:
1484:
1446:incidents. In the
1413:
1320:
1305:Battle of Waterloo
1273:Fidelity Medallion
1140:Jean, Duc de Berry
1136:
1042:
1034:Capture of Brielle
1032:commemorating the
1022:
693:
674:
100:
88:
80:
5212:
5211:
5140:Personal identity
4975:
4974:
4682:
4681:
4623:
4571:
4570:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4476:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4384:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4236:
4229:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3695:By life situation
3648:
3456:
3455:
3422:
3367:Campaign streamer
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3094:
3093:
2929:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2865:
2864:
2695:
2694:
2590:
2589:
2533:
2487:Order of chivalry
2466:
2465:
2459:
2456:Self-styled order
2254:. Benjamin Weiss.
1978:Osbourne, 563-564
1917:Weitzmann, Kurt,
1694:
1693:
1486:Amongst the many
1457:Also related are
1385:Statue of Liberty
1160:Byzantine Emperor
815:metallea (moneta)
727:devotional medals
597:
596:
96:Herbert C. Hoover
16:(Redirected from
5237:
5025:Anthropomorphism
4770:
4718:Buddhist surname
4619:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4474:Hispanic America
4472:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4380:
4351:
4344:
4339:African-American
4337:
4330:
4248:
4232:
4225:
4196:Ashkenazi Jewish
4001:and Western Asia
3966:and Central Asia
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3878:
3739:Placeholder name
3644:
3588:Double-barrelled
3483:
3476:
3469:
3460:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3394:Awareness ribbon
3389:Devotional medal
3302:Gentlemen's club
3171:
3164:
3157:
2944:
2933:
2921:
2875:Religion-related
2757:
2708:
2537:
2522:
2515:
2475:
2453:
2401:Founts of honour
2397:
2390:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2189:Grove Art Online
2162:
2148:
2142:
2128:
2122:
2108:
2102:
2101:central website.
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1957:
1951:
1938:
1932:
1915:
1909:
1896:
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1887:
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1875:
1869:
1852:
1846:
1829:
1823:
1791:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1675:Louis-Oscar Roty
1666:
1659:
1652:
1646:Louis-Oscar Roty
1534:Different metals
1474:Fraternal jewels
1387:upon its medal.
1329:Légion d'honneur
1281:Légion d'honneur
1265:military uniform
1255:to be issued to
1207:produced in the
1194:Miraculous Medal
1077:Liudhard medalet
1073:Migration Period
1012:Bronze medal of
710:state decoration
621:state decoration
589:
582:
575:
560:Money portal
558:
557:
556:
546:
545:
544:
270:History of money
225:Local currencies
129:
120:
102:
94:Medal depicting
21:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5195:
5030:Personification
5003:
4971:
4857:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4745:Theophoric name
4678:
4583:
4567:
4481:
4389:
4307:
4269:
4246:
4175:
4163:
4110:
4077:
4000:
3992:
3965:
3959:
3871:
3865:
3760:
3727:Posthumous name
3690:
3571:
3545:
3496:
3487:
3457:
3452:
3419:fount of honour
3408:
3399:Code of conduct
3384:Honorary degree
3329:
3323:
3319:Religious order
3275:Learned society
3248:Fraternal order
3230:
3224:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3141:
3090:
2998:
2937:
2925:
2920:
2903:
2861:
2803:
2789:Humanitarianism
2748:
2740:
2736:Law enforcement
2726:List of highest
2714:
2702:
2691:
2643:
2586:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2462:
2429:
2381:
2373:
2348:
2343:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2228:
2207:
2205:Further reading
2170:
2165:
2159:Wayback Machine
2149:
2145:
2139:Wayback Machine
2129:
2125:
2119:Wayback Machine
2109:
2105:
2099:Wayback Machine
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2018:(46): 109–144.
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1967:Wayback Machine
1958:
1954:
1949:Wayback Machine
1939:
1935:
1927:Wayback Machine
1916:
1912:
1906:Wayback Machine
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:on Google books
1876:
1872:
1862:Wayback Machine
1853:
1849:
1839:Wayback Machine
1830:
1826:
1820:Wayback Machine
1805:Wayback Machine
1792:
1788:
1784:
1776:Medal inflation
1709:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1685:
1672:
1626:
1536:
1526:organisations.
1476:
1452:challenge coins
1430:subcategory of
1409:J. K. Paasikivi
1401:
1356:Legion of Merit
1350:awarded by the
1346:is the highest
1316:Medals of Honor
1290:Army Gold Medal
1249:military awards
1223:
1217:
1134:of the Romans".
1058:Alexander Balas
1036:in 1572 by the
1014:Isabella d'Este
1006:
842:
824:, which is the
810:comes from the
755:
666:
593:
564:
554:
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531:
424:Coin collecting
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118:
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68:Cecilia Gonzaga
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4960:Ecclesiastical
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4807:Ecclesiastical
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4703:
4696:Christian name
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4586:Southeast Asia
4573:
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4510:Eastern Slavic
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3258:Secret society
3255:
3250:
3245:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
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3217:
3212:
3207:
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2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2883:
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2880:Ecclesiastical
2872:
2866:
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2742:
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2731:Campaign medal
2728:
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2569:
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2549:
2543:
2541:
2534:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2504:Order of merit
2501:
2500:
2499:
2497:Colonial order
2494:
2492:Military order
2483:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2441:Ecclesiastical
2437:
2435:
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2427:
2426:
2425:
2417:
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2406:
2404:
2394:
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2342:
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2327:
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2296:
2294:on 2005-04-10.
2284:
2282:on 2008-08-11.
2272:
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2256:
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2240:
2235:
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2226:External links
2224:
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2222:
2215:
2210:Louis Forrer,
2206:
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2196:
2185:
2169:
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2152:Masonic Medals
2143:
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2103:
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1998:
1989:
1980:
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1638:David d'Angers
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1610:Olympic medals
1598:
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1577:
1572:
1562:
1557:
1535:
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1500:charity jewels
1475:
1472:
1400:
1397:
1381:U.S. Air Force
1365:heraldic badge
1344:Medal of Honor
1301:Waterloo Medal
1283:instituted by
1245:Roman Republic
1238:campaign medal
1219:Main article:
1216:
1213:
1005:
1002:
841:
838:
768:, itself from
754:
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714:Medal of Honor
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4740:Mandaean name
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4701:Biblical name
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4227:Ancient Greek
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4173:North America
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4009:
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3999:
3995:
3989:
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3968:
3964:Northern Asia
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3814:Nom de guerre
3811:
3807:
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3799:
3797:
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3792:
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3786:
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3509:
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3501:Personal name
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3447:
3444:
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3415:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3404:Code of honor
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Battle honour
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
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3326:
3320:
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3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Honor society
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Confraternity
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:organisations
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
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3199:
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3194:
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3177:
3170:
3163:
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3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3086:Shoulder mark
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
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3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
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3005:
3001:
2993:
2990:
2988:
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2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
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2966:
2965:
2964:/Grand Cordon
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:(decorations)
2934:
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2654:
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2650:
2649:Jurisdictions
2646:
2638:
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2628:
2625:
2623:
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2599:
2598:/Grand Cordon
2596:
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2446:Organisations
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2320:
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2301:"Medal"
2297:
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1624:Medals as art
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1234:service award
1231:
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1205:Geuzen medals
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943:
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835:
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685:Peter Flötner
682:
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657:medallion man
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443:Bullion coins
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232:Company scrip
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5179:Signum manus
5167:Royal cypher
5132:
5117:Nomen nescio
5115:
5111:Nomenclature
5106:Naming taboo
4918:Professional
4848:
4761:of authority
4711:Saint's name
4376:Scandinavian
3998:Muslim world
3836:
3812:
3783:
3635:Occupational
3494:anthroponymy
3357:Service flag
3134:
2992:Medal ribbon
2976:
2963:
2938:
2924:Named after
2817:Architecture
2779:Human rights
2675:
2597:
2547:Grand master
2530:Post-nominal
2379:Distinctions
2378:
2370:
2346:Phaleristics
2305:
2292:the original
2280:the original
2218:
2211:
2174:
2146:
2126:
2106:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2064:
2050:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1955:
1936:
1918:
1913:
1894:
1885:
1873:
1868:, on Perseus
1865:
1850:
1845:, on Perseus
1842:
1827:
1808:
1793:
1789:
1771:Medal ribbon
1627:
1607:
1549:
1528:
1524:
1508:Orange Order
1499:
1495:
1485:
1456:
1444:
1421:
1417:Roman Empire
1414:
1389:
1383:depicts the
1341:
1328:
1321:
1271:awarded the
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1209:Dutch Revolt
1198:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1089:
1062:
1043:
1030:Geuzen medal
890:
886:
870:
843:
833:
826:latinisation
821:
814:
812:Vulgar Latin
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
779:
772:
765:
758:
756:
733:
696:Numismatists
694:
688:
649:
630:
614:
604:
600:
598:
490:
481:Credit cards
242:Time dollars
5230:Award items
5152:Proper name
5074:Name change
4928:Educational
4906:Substantive
4845:decorations
4728:Jewish name
4723:Dharma name
4688:By religion
4353:Hongkongese
4178:Australasia
4018:Azerbaijani
3751:Regnal name
3732:Temple name
3562:Middle name
3550:By sequence
3527:Matrilineal
3523:Patrilineal
3352:Vexillology
3342:Numismatics
3203:Passage fee
3179:Ceremonies
2961:Grand Cross
2936:For wearing
2683:Grand Lodge
2613:Hospitaller
2595:Grand Cross
2540:By function
2393:By conferee
2367:decorations
2359:numismatics
2076:27 November
1569:silver-gilt
1504:Freemasonry
1440:Nobel Prize
1432:Numismatics
1152:Renaissance
1097:silver-gilt
1092:Middle Ages
1038:Sea Beggars
994:lacquerware
974:terra cotta
786:. The word
725:Religious:
637:numismatics
515:Scripophily
115:Numismatics
72:Renaissance
5219:Categories
5145:Identifier
5128:Onomastics
5069:Legal name
5049:Deadnaming
4945:Diplomatic
4901:Subsidiary
4896:Hereditary
4787:Diplomatic
4706:Papal name
4615:Indonesian
4581:South Asia
4577:Indosphere
4543:Macedonian
4516:Belarusian
4423:Portuguese
4265:Lithuanian
4159:Zimbabwean
3955:Vietnamese
3915:Generation
3882:East Asian
3870:By culture
3844:Stage name
3801:Hypocorism
3766:Pseudonyms
3756:Slave name
3707:Birth name
3659:Teknonymic
3640:Patronymic
3620:Matronymic
3583:Diminutive
3557:First name
3513:Given name
3508:Birth name
3280:Fellowship
3238:Fraternity
3220:Collar day
3181:and events
3025:Collar pin
2847:Philosophy
2837:Literature
2671:Commandery
2552:Chancellor
2450:Commercial
2168:References
1634:art medals
1516:Oddfellows
1514:, and the
1463:plaquettes
1393:ribbon bar
1297:Iron Cross
1285:Napoleon I
1230:Decoration
1201:Protestant
1131:autokrator
1056:in aid of
878:privy mark
862:plaquettes
832:μέταλλον (
792:medaglione
741:Plaquettes
664:Main types
417:Collection
360:Production
290:Achaemenid
5157:Signature
5044:Call sign
5020:Anonymity
4955:Religious
4881:Chivalric
4802:Religious
4797:Judiciary
4782:Honorific
4765:of honour
4664:Sinhalese
4654:Pakistani
4639:Malaysian
4634:Cambodian
4538:Kashubian
4530:Ukrainian
4495:Bulgarian
4434:Praenomen
4371:Icelandic
4242:Hungarian
4043:Pakistani
3978:Mongolian
3832:Ring name
3825:Heteronym
3791:Nicknames
3712:Code name
3664:Toponymic
3654:Sobriquet
3630:Mononymic
3625:Metonymic
3567:Last name
3270:Syndicate
3198:Feoffment
3120:Plaquette
3054:Epaulette
3020:Lapel pin
3015:Award pin
2987:Medal bar
2799:Volunteer
2677:Obedience
2661:Bailiwick
2627:Postulant
2603:Commander
2557:Treasurer
2420:Dynasties
2110:See this
2042:245535051
2034:1302-4787
1630:Pisanello
1467:Mannerist
1436:Militaria
1377:U.S. Navy
1369:U.S. Army
1148:Pisanello
1120:Pisanello
1069:Dark Ages
1065:bracteate
970:porcelain
882:assayer's
788:medallion
753:Etymology
681:Plaquette
645:militaria
610:jewellery
605:medallion
462:Banknotes
455:Notaphily
389:Hammering
372:Designers
295:Byzantine
162:Banknotes
76:Pisanello
18:Medallion
5174:Khelrtva
5162:Monogram
5123:Misnomer
5101:Namesake
5035:National
4992:Name day
4950:Judicial
4940:Business
4933:Honorary
4923:Academic
4913:Military
4886:Courtesy
4871:Academic
4836:Academic
4826:Emeritus
4629:Javanese
4610:Filipino
4595:Balinese
4563:Suffixes
4500:Croatian
4463:Romanian
4448:Cognomen
4346:Canadian
4332:American
4313:Germanic
4298:Scottish
4216:Georgian
4206:Estonian
4191:Armenian
4186:Albanian
4144:Ghanaian
4101:Hawaiian
4038:Mandaean
3945:Okinawan
3930:Japanese
3901:Courtesy
3861:Username
3854:Mononyms
3820:Pen name
3806:Monarchs
3779:Art name
3722:Necronym
3702:Aptronym
3615:Eponymic
3576:By trait
3374:Nobility
3347:Heraldry
3337:Chivalry
3330:concepts
3328:Related
3229:Related
3210:Festival
3188:Accolade
3074:Campaign
3042:Heraldic
2918:insignia
2892:Scouting
2794:Politics
2746:Civilian
2712:Military
2703:by field
2577:Chaplain
2562:Assessor
2161:website.
2155:Archived
2135:Archived
2115:Archived
2095:Archived
1963:Archived
1945:Archived
1923:Archived
1902:Archived
1858:Archived
1855:μέταλλον
1835:Archived
1832:metallum
1816:Archived
1811:, s.v. "
1801:Archived
1796:, s.v. "
1734:Medalist
1719:Exonumia
1697:See also
1555:Platinum
1428:Exonumia
1294:Prussian
1257:soldiers
1253:phalerae
1176:intaglio
1172:Augsburg
1125:basileus
1105:pendants
1085:Liudhard
1046:Josephus
998:plastics
958:gemstone
922:aluminum
908:such as
898:platinum
840:Features
834:metallon
822:metallum
808:medaglia
804:medialis
784:denarius
773:medaglia
766:médaille
641:exonumia
633:medalist
474:Exonumia
325:Japanese
305:Filipino
285:Aksumite
149:Currency
137:Glossary
107:a series
105:Part of
78:in 1448.
5094:Surname
5015:Acronym
5008:Related
4987:Baptism
4621:Chinese
4605:Burmese
4600:Bengali
4553:Serbian
4523:Russian
4468:Spanish
4455:Agnomen
4418:Occitan
4413:Italian
4403:Catalan
4395:Romance
4382:Swedish
4326:English
4283:Cornish
4260:Latvian
4234:Cypriot
4211:Finnish
4124:Ashanti
4083:Oceania
4073:Turkish
4053:Persian
4048:Pashtun
4023:Bengali
3988:Tibetan
3895:Chinese
3838:Shikona
3744:Notname
3676:Patrial
3669:Surname
3646:Surname
3593:Epithet
3532:Affixes
3518:Surname
3125:Rosette
3079:Service
3047:Pilgrim
3030:Tie pin
3010:Rosette
2982:Necklet
2870:Science
2857:Theatre
2832:History
2809:Culture
2761:Society
2701:Others,
2666:Chapter
2656:Charter
2608:Officer
2567:Bailiff
2471:By type
2434:Private
2112:webpage
1492:regalia
1459:plaques
1373:Minerva
1054:Hebrews
1028:Silver
1004:History
852:from a
846:stamped
828:of the
800:medalia
796:medalia
780:medalia
770:Italian
734:aetatis
689:Vanitas
653:pendant
503:Cheques
448:Grading
382:Milling
377:Coining
340:Tibetan
320:Italian
300:Chinese
218:Oceania
167:Forgery
64:Obverse
5225:Medals
5184:Tughra
5089:Middle
5059:Family
4863:Titles
4849:medals
4847:, and
4841:Orders
4821:Suffix
4774:Styles
4733:Hebrew
4659:Sindhi
4644:Indian
4558:Slovak
4548:Polish
4487:Slavic
4408:French
4366:Gothic
4361:German
4275:Celtic
4252:Baltic
4201:Basque
4169:Europe
4154:Yoruba
4096:Fijian
4063:Somali
4058:Sindhi
4033:Coptic
4028:Berber
4013:Arabic
4008:Afghan
3973:Kalmyk
3940:Manchu
3935:Korean
3922:Titles
3686:Virtue
3681:Unisex
3603:Common
3598:Animal
3108:Trophy
3100:Prizes
3069:Button
3059:Ribbon
2956:Collar
2948:Formal
2926:people
2899:Beauty
2887:Sports
2852:Poetry
2632:Squire
2618:Knight
2525:Styles
2519:Titles
2479:Orders
2410:States
2371:medals
2369:, and
2363:orders
2361:about
2181:
2040:
2032:
1684:medal,
1585:Copper
1580:Pewter
1575:Bronze
1565:Silver
1510:, the
1506:, the
1496:jewels
1424:Tokens
1375:, the
1180:relief
1101:emblem
996:, and
990:enamel
950:chased
942:gilded
938:pewter
936:, and
934:nickel
910:copper
906:alloys
900:, and
894:silver
866:klippe
858:relief
522:Stocks
508:Scrips
498:Tokens
491:Medals
486:Jetons
404:Errors
399:Metals
315:Indian
203:Europe
193:Africa
40:Mettle
32:Meddle
5134:-onym
5084:Given
5080:List
4965:Papal
4891:False
4505:Czech
4441:Nomen
4428:Roman
4321:Dutch
4303:Welsh
4288:Irish
4221:Greek
4106:Māori
4068:Tatar
3983:Sakha
3890:Amami
3608:Plant
3265:Guild
3193:Vigil
3130:Money
3037:Badge
3003:Other
2977:Medal
2968:with
2842:Music
2769:Peace
2688:Lodge
2572:Prior
2384:Lists
2038:S2CID
1987:Scher
1899:medal
1813:medal
1798:medal
1782:Notes
1680:1900
1567:, or
1324:order
1261:units
1156:medal
1071:" or
986:paper
966:glass
962:ivory
914:brass
874:motto
854:mould
830:Greek
819:Latin
759:medal
601:medal
527:Bonds
431:Coins
330:Roman
310:Greek
157:Coins
38:, or
36:Metal
4757:List
4674:Thai
4584:and
4293:Manx
4176:and
4149:Igbo
3849:List
3796:list
3785:Bugō
3770:list
3492:and
3297:Club
3064:Ring
2970:sash
2827:Film
2751:List
2717:List
2637:Page
2622:Dame
2357:and
2179:ISBN
2092:RAOB
2078:2009
2030:ISSN
1644:and
1595:Iron
1560:Gold
1461:and
1342:The
1259:and
1243:The
1128:and
1063:The
982:wood
978:coal
954:rock
930:zinc
926:lead
918:iron
902:gold
850:cast
394:Cast
367:Mint
335:Thai
237:LETS
198:Asia
174:List
4649:Lao
4139:Ewe
3908:Art
3215:Vow
3113:War
2916:By
2822:Art
2784:Law
2020:doi
1807:";
1686:by
1673:by
1590:Tin
1322:An
1236:or
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643:or
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