Mass media in Albania - Knowledge (XXG)

796:

against journalists and the improvement of the legal framework, censorship and self-censorship are still present in the Albanian media environment. They come from political and economic pressures, lack of financial viability for media outlets, lack of professionalism, ethics and of respect for journalists’ rights. Links between politics, business and media undermine journalistic excellence and quality of reporting in the Albanian media and generate censorship and self-censorship among journalists. One of the main reason of this concerns media ownership structures and patterns: many businessmen in Albania have become media owners, thus their media outlets are kept alive by their business earnings, while maintaining close relationships with politicians.

803:(BIRN) Albania, media professionals in Albania act under the strong influence of factors such as pressure from public institutions, pressure through state-sponsored advertising, pressure from big advertisers, but also pressure from owners’ economic interests, owners’ political links. All these facts also affect the editorial policy that media organisations follow. More than half of the respondents to the 2015 BIRN study report that the editorial line in the media outlets they work for is easily influenced by different factors, including owners’ economic interests, “outside pressures and interventions”, etc. 776:

motivation and security, and push towards either self-censorship or business and political interferences. Existing journalists' labour unions are not very active in defending journalists' rights. Average salaries for journalists in Tirana are 300–600 euros; journalists outside the capital are paid even less, and 60% of them do not reach the national average wage. Media owners often fail to respect the Law on Work Insurance. Journalist may find themselves forced to take up second jobs, with possible conflicts of interests.

2652: 1610:

broadcast media are submitted to the regulator on a non-compulsory basis, so only a small percentage do it. For instance, in 2012 only 25% of broadcast operators submitted their balances to the regulators. Overall, the data provided to the National Council in recent years do not create a comprehensive picture of media funding. In addition, reported data are not entirely reliable Furthermore, the regulator is not obliged to publish this data, but rather present to the public aggregate data on the media market.

3837: 3101: 669:, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. However, there are reports that the government and businesses influence and pressure the media. The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice. There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors 56: 3680: 3259: 3173: 807:

and editors, censorship of news or suggestions from colleagues. These pressures inside a media organisation to enforce the editorial policy imposed by the owners influence media coverage and the choice of news to be published, as well as the avoidance of others, and result in “one-sided news coverage” , “positive/PR coverage of political and financial partners” and “lack of critical and investigative journalism”.

1700:, etc. buying local media. Neither the presence of big international media corporations, nor the local media owners have raised a problem in terms of media ownership concentration, despite the existence of a trend in this direction. However, the problem of media ownership concentration can be observed when it comes to cross-ownership of different media platform, and existing laws do not address such cases. 580: 4135: 566: 900: 4018: 1263: 2666: 1099: 1187:(est. 2009) a small and well-recognized publishing house publishing translations of foreign literature and essays as well as original works by Albanian authors. Their story and role in the Albanian society is told by ethnographer Matthew Rosen in "Tirana Modern: Biblio-Ethnography on the Margins of Europe" (2022). 759:

receive public budget money. It 5 members are elected by the Parliament for 5 years for maximum two terms. Civil society organisations propose names of experts, which MPs from majority and opposition then shortlist and elect (3 each). The 7th member, the AMA Chairman, is elected by the Parliamentary majority.

1614:

particular, when other interests are involved, the media are used as tools for making pressure for the protection and the development of such interests. Such a media landscape leaves room for letting that its owners’ interests, rather than the public ones, that set the media agenda and its priorities.

1703:

In terms of pluralism of content and editorial policies, the Albanian media market offers a variety of alternative views and opinions. However, the possibility that media owners can be involved in various business enterprises in sectors other than the media one, as well as their involvement in public

1597:

Data for electronic media cannot be found in the register of the National Registration Centre as this kind of media outlets are not obliged to register. However, online media must report their ownership data, including all changes in the ownership structure to the National Council of Radio Television

1487:

was founded with Soviet assistance, focusing mostly on propaganda of wartime struggles. Growing isolationism in the 1970s and 1980s stifled cinematographic imports and fostered domestic productions, which was diversified to various genres, including cultural documentaries and animated films. By 1990,

1241:

The Audio-Visual Media Law states that RTSH should "promote Albanian culture and language, and artistic and literary creativity"; produce and broadcast freely accessible content, "related to national health and public order, as well as in cases of national emergencies". Original content should amount

1091:

counted in 2012 around 100 publishing houses and 380 printing presses in Albania, with an average yearly production of 1200–1500 titles. The main challenges of the sector concern the high production costs, lack of promotion, lack of a solid distribution network. The economic crisis seriously affected

806:

According to BIRN, the media editorial policy is often perceived by Albanian journalists as political biased; it is report that it is have been evident to journalists before they joined the media outlet, or was transmitted informally after they joined the media organisation through orders from owners

795:

Despite some positive developments in the Albania media system since the fall of the Communist regime, such as the creation of a pluralistic media scene, the increase of the number of media outlets, the diversification of formats and the development of digital media, the reduction of physical attacks

758:

The Audiovisual Media Authority (AMA) is the main media regulator in Albania, replacing the previous National Council of Radio and Television (KKRT). The AMA is tasked with issuing broadcasting licenses and monitoring their use. It is funded through fines, annual licenses and fees, though it can also

1605:

Another transparency problem is related to identify media’s source of funding. This is indeed one of the “unresolved issue” of the Albanian media system and a topic of constant debate in a country with high levels of informal economy. Indeed, the question of how is possible that such a great number

1593:

Media laws do not contain any specific provisions on transparency of ownership of the print and online media. However, all media outlets, like any other company in the country, are obliged to register to the National Registration Centre and declare the name of their shareholders, therefore ownership

844:

The law does not regulate state aid for the media, yet, the opacity inallocation of state advertising is a persistent source of controversy. The economic crisis has reduced the share of advertising revenues of broadcasters (from 58% in 2009 to 30% in 2010), making the media more and more reliant on

1582:

The media landscape in Albania is rich, but transparency of ownership is quite low. Albania is characterized by lack of transparency on media market, hidden ownership and non-transparent trading in media shares, all features that - along with the web of clientelistic relations - have been exploited

1521:

Despite investments, the density of fixed lines remains the lowest in Europe; however, mobile phone service has been available since 1996; cellular use is widespread and generally effective; multiple companies provide mobile services and mobile teledensity had reached 100%; international traffic is

1249:

The Steering Council approves the RTSH statutes and appoints/dismisses its directors; "approving the strategy, organisational structure, and program structure; monitoring the impartiality, objectivity, and comprehensiveness of programming; advising and assisting the Director General in carrying out

810:

As a result of all these pressures, self-censorship is a widespread phenomenon in the Albanian media. More than 70% of the media professionals involved in the BIRN study believe that journalists in Albania avoid to cover and report of certain stories and issues. Also, half around of the respondents

1628:

Albania media environment is characterised by lack of transparency, poor regulations and monitoring of unlawful concentration, hidden ownership patterns and lack of transparency in the trading of media shares. All these factors have contributed to a growing media's dependence on political parties,

1601:

As for broadcast media, they have to register also to the regulator, the Audiovisual Media Authority. The Authority is not obliged to publish online the data collected that, however, can be accessed upon on official request for information. Generally, if the most important ownership data for all

1245:

RTSH Steering Council's members are elected with a procedure similar to those of AMA, thus reinforcing the issue of politicisation and lack of independence. The OSCE has remarked serious problems with the balance of RTSH coverage during the 2013 electoral period. The public broadcaster finds it

775:

The Albanian journalism labour market is unstable and journalists often work without contracts (90% of them, according to a 2012 study of the Albanian Media Institute) or for unpaid extra hours, facing delayed salary payment (up to in 70% of cases). The lack of professional stability undermines

1688:

In addition, it is quite common to observe a pattern in the ownership schemes of media companies, namely the rotation of the same group of family, relatives, or trusted persons through the positions of general administrator, board members, or shareholders. This pattern also shows the allegedly

738:

among journalists. Since 2005, the government and the public administration have pledged not to sue journalists. Since 2013, a Ministerial Code asks ministers not to sue journalists without the prime minister approval, or face the risk of removal. The number of civil cases has dropped, but the

1613:

Another reason for concern is parallel businesses of the media owners, a phenomenon occurring when some businesses have their main investments in the media sector, but other investments in other fields, potentially making the media vulnerable towards other economic and political interests. In

1609:

When granting licences to broadcast media, the regulator asks for proofs that the outlet holds a certain level of capital, but it does not check the origin of such capital. Also, the annual balances submitted to the tax offices are treated as confidential data, while, data on balances of the

1578:

Transparency of media ownership refers to the public availability of accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date information about media ownership structures. A legal regime guaranteeing transparency of media ownership makes possible for the public as well as for media authorities to find out who

1332:

Television is the most influential medium in Albania. The country hosts 3 public TV networks (one of which broadcasts by satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries) and more than 60 private TV stations; cable TV service is available (2010); Besides the public service

814:

According to BIRN, the main factors pushing journalists toward del-censorship are reported to "the economic and political interests of media owners", a problem closely connected with the system of media ownership and financing, the “lack of physical security”, and the lack of “job security”.

723:

During election campaigns, as stated by the Election Law, TV and radio coverage (but not the press) needs to be balanced. Yet, the two main parties are allocated double the time than the other smaller parties. The Central Election Commission forms a Media Monitoring Board, composed of party

742:

Access to information is guaranteed by law since 1999, though implementation lags behind. A 2014 law aimed to prevent delays in officials' answers to access requests. Institutions should appoint coordinators, and a Commission for the Right to Information is tasked to monitor compliance.

964:. Investigative journalism though has remained rare, and journalists inquiring episodes of corruption are often harassed. Most newspapers remain linked to business and political interest groups, since they could not fund themselves simply with the sale of low numbers of copies. 1606:

of media operate in a small market like the Albanian one is still unanswered. In this sense, the large number of media outlets, in particular newspapers and televisions, operating in Albania is financed through parallel business on which there is a lack of transparency.

1704:

tenders, is a concerning issue since economic cross interests can threaten media independence and integrity. Indeed, in the Albanian media market, media outlets cannot survive if they are not supported by other lucrative business activities carried out by media owners.

1636:, there is no public reliable data on the Albanian media sector. The large number of existing media outlets does translate into media pluralism. The media landscape is reach in terms of number of media outlets, but the transparency of its dynamics and ownership is low. 779:

The lack of resources hinders the development of professionalism and quality journalism. Journalists often can only refer to official statements and phone calls; investigative journalism is rare. The professional culture is still very influenced by the socialist times.

1253:

RTSH finances itself through a license fee (€0.75 per month per family) and may receive funds from advertising, third party services (including productions), performances, donations and sponsorships (upon approval of the Steering Council), and the sale of programmes.

1602:

media sectors, except for online media, can be found in the National Centre of Registration, some doubts arise on whether the declared data on owners are in fact genuine data on actual owners and the risk of hidden ownership speculation have been detected.

707:

on media and broadcasting policy. In 2010, it issued an opinion that the country was "facing serious issues with regard to media freedom and independence resulting from the lack of independence from political and business actors". A 2011 law adopted the EU

695:

The print press in Albania is mostly self-regulated. The Law on the Press only states that "The press is free. Freedom of the press is protected by law". Printed publications do not require authorisation, nor are they registered in number at any time.

746:

Online contents are lightly regulated. The only prosecuted contents are those concerning genocide or crimes against humanity, as well as provocation of ethnic, religious or other hate. The Chief Prosecutor may and should collect all relevant content.

1594:

data are available for most of the media outlets, including the print ones. In addition, thanks to the digitisation of the registry and the establishment of the National Registration Centre, the transparency of official ownership data has increased.

1583:

by political parties and businessman to influence the agenda of the media. Also, the behaviour of media owners, who often are linked to businesses in field other than the media one, lead to various form of media instrumentalisation which hinders

856:

ratcheting up local media. Media ownership concentration is not yet deemed a problem, although ownership is often obscured through proxies. Cross-ownership is nevertheless on the rise. Economic cross interests of media owners also threaten the

1653:

were considered close to the opposition. One of the first consequences of this acquisition was the end of the contract with Anila Basha, director of a newspaper that had in several occasions openly supported the leader of the opposition.

920:

newspapers were banned during Ottoman times. Publications in Albanian from other parts of the Empire (Sofia, Bucarest, Thessaloniki, Athens, Istanbul) were smuggled in the region. After independence in 1912, news publications included

771:

The Ethical Code of the Albanian Media Institute, created in 1996 and revised in 2006, states that journalists "have the right to obtain information, to publish, and to criticise. Information should be truthful, balanced and verified.

1551:

Internet broadband services were initiated in 2005, but growth has been slow. Internet cafes are popular in Tirana and have started to spread outside the capital. Rural areas are provided free public broadband access though the

1513:

was one of the world's most isolated and controlled countries, and installation and maintenance of a modern system of international and domestic telecommunications was precluded. Albania's telephone density was the lowest in

1689:

fictive function of supervisory boards. Also, some media owners create a range of different companies, or close one company and re-establish it with a different name to hide the ownership patterns and the names behind it.

1234:(RTSH, Albanian Radio and TV), operates national radio and television networks. It has competition from scores of privately owned stations. According to a 2002 survey the broadcaster with the largest audience is 1643:. Despite the lack of data, the Albanian media system clearly shows a "visible trend of consolidation of ownership, although not to the point of creating a major problem". For instance, the sale of outlets by 762:

The AMA is commonly considered as highly politicised. After a long in-fight, two members and a new chairman were elected in late 2014, but the opposition boycotted the vote and did not recognise its outcomes.

1677:

Cross-ownership regulation is laid out in the Law on Audiovisual Media, but its scope includes only radio and TV, while the print sector is not covered, thus no limits on print media ownership are set forth.

1684:

In Albania, the consolidation of ownership has been the result of the same editorial group establishing different media outlets in different sectors. Mergers and acquisitions have happened less frequently.

1657:

Consolidation has involved same editorial groups establishing print, electronic and in some cases online media. This is the case of almost all main media groups and owners in the country. For instance,

867:

Transparency is lacking in the state funds to the media sector. The unfair distribution of state advertising to the Albanian media has been a recurrent concern. The issue is not explicitly regulated.

4908: 1092:

the publishing sector, with the closure of bookshops and publishing houses, according to the Albanian Association of Publishers (SHBSH), that reported a 40% drop in book sales in 2015.

2349: 1707:

According to the Albanian media expert Remi Lani, in Albania it is possible to identify who are the nominal media owners, but it is impossible to "know who owns them". According to the

3640: 1639:

The lack of accurate, reliable and updated data on the Albanian media system made it difficult to accurately assess the situation of the media market in terms of ownership, profit and

3419: 1423:

radio and TV stations started to occupy the vastly empty Albanian frequencies. Albania has also been a broadcasting centre for its neighbouring countries, with Klan Kosova (for

1994: 4953: 1893: 5040: 975:

was nearly 92 in 2001 and 98 in 2002. Ownership links and financial dependence on business and political tycoons limits journalistic quality and independence, and fosters

822:

issued an alert regarding censorship on Albanian media. This alert was brought after the shutdown of two talk-shows, both critical towards the Socialist Party government.

825:

The shut down was criticized by many local and international organizations working on the journalists and media rights. News 24 announced the closure of both talk shows,

1674:, and other media groups. This situation is made possible also by the lack of detailed regulations on preventing ownership concentration in the sector of print media. 3010: 1711:, "the interaction among the media, politics and other business of media owners is a constant source of concern for media content and media independence" in Albania. 783:

Journalists in Albania remain at risk of being physically obstructed, assaulted or threatened while covering specific events. In June 2014 criminal gangs shot at an

3307: 1681:

Furthermore, there are some concerns that the existing legal provisions on broadcast media are not fully respected and media owners find ways to circumvent them.

750:

Setting up a website requires a permit by the Authority on Electronic and Postal Communication (AKEP), responsible for the technical regulation of online media.

5030: 4893: 3297: 1649:

was widely considered in the media community as evidence of concentration among pro-government media. In fact, traditionally the media outlets belonging to the

882:

government allegedly channeled state advertisement funds towards friendly media outlets, and continued doing so even after 2014 through the city government of

864:

Partisan bias is particularly visible at electoral time, and self-censorship remains a concern. The market conditions also discourage investigative reporting.

2284:

Erichsen, Bjom, Naseniece, Rira and Reljic, Dusan (2013), Western Balkans and Turkey Media and Freedom of Expression Fact-Finding and Scoping Study. Particip.

3302: 692:: every citizen has the right, in accordance with the law, to acquire information on the activities of state bodies and persons exercising public functions. 609: 5085: 4913: 1559:

Online media and blogs offer an independent and alternative information from mainstream media, but they reach a smaller audience and often lack resources.

1480:

had its start in the years 1911—1912, with the first showings of foreign film, and the recording of few documentaries in the pre-war and inter-war period.

2616: 5110: 5060: 5020: 4918: 4883: 4873: 3060: 700: 811:

admitted that they avoided certain news “often” or even “very often”. The issues more frequently avoided concern politics, organised crime and economy.

890:, in the first three quarters of 2014 the Tirana administration accounted for 64.5% of all print advertisement spending by Albanian state institutions. 5138: 5105: 5075: 4963: 4923: 4859: 4353: 4205: 3035: 1573: 709: 488: 841:

Albanian media are mainly funded through advertising revenues, which lack transparency, coupled with sponsorships and the sale of media productions.

5232: 2699: 1969: 2064: 4011: 3996: 3775: 3223: 4978: 1163:

Publishing House (established 1996), specialised in national historical works, dealing with the history, language, culture and tradition of the

4850: 4468: 3635: 2163: 887: 2346: 3733: 3673: 3645: 3579: 2527: 2428: 2200: 1708: 1692:

Also, since 2010, Albanian media market has been experiencing a significant presence of major foreign media investors, including the Italian

1662:

owns shares in companies operating in the radio, TV, multiplex, and print sectors as well as in the publishing industry. The same applies to

717: 1276:

Albania hosts 2 public radio networks and roughly 25 private radio stations. Several international broadcasters are available (as of 2010).

5115: 4928: 3728: 3412: 3252: 2945: 1246:

difficult to respect the balance in time allotment as required by the Electoral Code. RTSH typically shows a strong pro-governmental bias.

5176: 5191: 5143: 5035: 3372: 3357: 3350: 3292: 2556: 787:

TV crew, with a vehicle torched and a journalist shortly taken hostage, during a police raid on a village involved in drug-trafficking.

5148: 5000: 3424: 1462:. It was launched as an alternative for Albanian expats living abroad to view content from Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro and Macedonia. 871:

In 2012/2013 over 780,000 euros were reported to be channeled to the media, the biggest share going to a single media group, owned by

724:

representatives (but excluding smaller and newer parties), and tasked with punishing non-compliant outlets with (rather small) fines.

5153: 3000: 2980: 2879: 5100: 4291: 4226: 4200: 3658: 3574: 3452: 3235: 3045: 2985: 2955: 2316: 1765: 1598:(NCRT). The register held by the NCRT, which contains also information on media licenses, is not available online but upon request. 1492: 1271: 1242:

to 50% of the broadcasts. To promote pluralism, RTSH broadcasts in minority languages (Greek and Macedonian) in the border regions.

498: 458: 5070: 5010: 4990: 3005: 2011: 1151:

Publishing House, founded in 2002, specialising in children's literature and publishing classical and contemporary Greek literature

5181: 5005: 1900: 1590:

Systematic, public and reliable data on media outlets’ economic and financial situation as well as their functioning are missing.

988:

is the daily with the biggest readership, although no official numbers are available. Circulation is deemed the lowest in Europe.

5201: 5186: 5133: 5080: 5055: 4594: 4261: 3925: 3840: 2833: 1623: 602: 493: 281: 4973: 4968: 4958: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4903: 4898: 4888: 4878: 5196: 5095: 5065: 5050: 5045: 5025: 4995: 4948: 4524: 4006: 5171: 5090: 5015: 4985: 1548:

Internet penetration has reached 54.7% of the population in 2012 and 60% in 2014, although this may exclude some rural areas.

5227: 5222: 4246: 4241: 4195: 3800: 3218: 2960: 2514: 483: 291: 248: 2586: 1803: 4231: 4082: 3740: 3558: 3447: 3040: 2874: 2813: 1543: 1504: 912: 453: 220: 4306: 2024: 1057:. Numerous other dailies and weeklies provide regional and local information. English-language news are provided by the 734:

were decriminalised in March 2012, but remain punishable by high fines - something which is deemed reinforcing trends of

633:. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on 4251: 4001: 3605: 3340: 3262: 3247: 3128: 3081: 3020: 2692: 503: 4731: 4544: 4236: 4210: 3949: 3858: 3813: 3795: 3703: 3615: 3498: 3086: 3015: 2965: 2889: 1307: 1077: 961: 713: 595: 3055: 1579:

effectively owns, controls and influences the media as well as media influence on political parties or state bodies.

649:. Albanian media are quite diverse, although politicised, and often influenced by business and political interests. 4843: 4792: 4569: 4461: 4379: 3944: 3830: 3785: 3780: 3723: 3718: 3683: 3630: 3387: 3181: 3143: 3050: 2627: 2179: 1231: 944: 1772:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 18 April 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014. 1488:

about 200 movies had been produced, and Albania had over 450 theatres, though most of the equipment was obsolete.

956:

Newspapers have remained mostly free after 1991 in Albania—with the partial exception of the 1994–97 period under

3973: 3818: 3790: 3713: 3367: 3242: 3176: 3133: 2844: 1995:"Council of Europe Issue Media Freedom Alert after Two Albanian Journalists Are Fired for Criticising Government" 1311: 879: 513: 4759: 4656: 4651: 4389: 3708: 3138: 3025: 2884: 1250:

his program responsibilities; and drafting the annual report on RTSH activities for submission to Parliament".

541: 415: 387: 4807: 2488: 2372: 1848: 1835: 4764: 4426: 4331: 4256: 4047: 3934: 3878: 3553: 3434: 3320: 3166: 3076: 3030: 2970: 2919: 2904: 2864: 2808: 2797: 2685: 1109: 940: 681: 658: 642: 546: 508: 314: 286: 243: 200: 75: 2216: 2149: 4616: 4348: 4324: 3939: 3595: 3483: 3457: 3267: 3153: 2975: 536: 425: 4836: 4797: 4769: 4454: 4343: 4286: 4057: 4042: 3600: 3478: 3407: 3325: 2075: 1919: 1633: 1523: 1390: 1327: 689: 463: 263: 258: 253: 169: 4817: 4802: 1284: 4134: 2041: 1139: 853: 4716: 4168: 4072: 3959: 3750: 3402: 3277: 3230: 3109: 2899: 2240: 1315: 1035: 1023: 949: 904: 666: 420: 215: 182: 164: 4787: 2415: 2160: 1495:

was established, while cities built modern cinema theatres catering mostly US movies to the public.

1428: 845:

direct financing by media owners, and equally more at risk of business and political interferences.

4686: 4646: 4626: 4606: 4509: 4336: 4062: 3991: 3698: 3548: 3442: 3382: 3377: 3362: 3199: 2995: 2934: 1807: 1458:

and later in Europe to stream Albanian TV content to all Albanians living in the United States and

1127: 1058: 993: 704: 85: 4021: 2423:. Ljiubljana, Slovenia: Peace Institute, Institute for Contemporary Social and Political Studies. 1645: 1143: 849: 4621: 4419: 4412: 4384: 3760: 3535: 3516: 3493: 3462: 3161: 2909: 2869: 2823: 2720: 2712: 2522:. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Peace Institute. Institute for Contemporary Social and Political Studies. 1440: 1382: 1266:

King Zog and Queen Geraldine Apponyi (here on a picture from 1939) launched Radio Tirana in 1938.

1029: 858: 826: 147: 2849: 1207: 935: 830: 4749: 4701: 4696: 4671: 4529: 4358: 4314: 4296: 4067: 3986: 3967: 3898: 3893: 3883: 2894: 2859: 2818: 2523: 2424: 2196: 1471: 1366: 1299: 1047: 917: 819: 662: 646: 410: 405: 382: 118: 113: 108: 1753: 999: 4828: 4726: 4676: 4636: 4589: 4584: 4574: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4534: 4519: 4514: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4435: 4281: 4125: 3912: 3903: 3836: 3823: 2950: 2924: 2300: 1378: 1131: 1053: 1005: 309: 238: 152: 142: 41: 4812: 4754: 4721: 4711: 4691: 4681: 4666: 4661: 4641: 4611: 4579: 4564: 4539: 4319: 4158: 4105: 3888: 3745: 2854: 2747: 2353: 2167: 1932: 1584: 1491:

With the economic transition in the 1990s, Kinostudio was broken up and privatised. A new

1484: 1432: 1420: 1354: 1288: 1164: 735: 448: 324: 205: 80: 55: 4706: 4631: 4601: 3488: 2914: 1640: 976: 800: 584: 1556:

satellite, with access points at post offices, schools, and local government offices.

5216: 4163: 4052: 2657: 1749: 1455: 1451: 1350: 1113: 1102: 531: 364: 210: 158: 136: 2125: 1518:, and callers needed operator assistance even to make domestic long-distance calls. 354: 4138: 3921: 3540: 2671: 2458: 2268: 1416: 1362: 1358: 1280: 1178: 1135: 1117: 1062: 957: 638: 319: 4143: 2356:, Press release (PR/61/12), Tring Communications, 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2014. 2347:"Eutelsat satellite broadband selected for free public internet access in Albania" 1017: 984: 848:

Foreign investors have entered the Albanian media market lately, with the Italian

334: 2516:

Media Integrity Matters. Reclaiming public service values in media and journalism

2417:

Media integrity matters. Reclaiming public service values in media and journalism

2101: 1346: 1338: 899: 872: 634: 17: 2307:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 15 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014. 1860:

Data released by the head of the Albanian Union of Journalists, Aleksander Çipa

1279:

The radio stations with nationwide coverage include the three public channels (

1262: 4095: 4026: 2767: 2647: 1066: 968: 731: 685: 674: 626: 579: 359: 174: 2329: 3871: 2990: 2787: 2762: 2729: 1447: 1374: 1065:. Greek-language newspapers include Dimotiki Foni, Dris, Foni tis Omonoias, 1011: 953:("Democratic Rebirth", 1991) was founded as the first opposition newspaper. 784: 329: 177: 103: 70: 1098: 939:("The People's Voice", 1944) as the official propaganda publication of the 4115: 4100: 3330: 2782: 2777: 2757: 2752: 1553: 1405: 1370: 1041: 2665: 1361:. Tirana-based channels are mainly all news or music format and include 4090: 3981: 3100: 2772: 2742: 2737: 2708: 2137: 1899:. Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, Albania. 2015. Archived from 1510: 1477: 1342: 1292: 1235: 972: 630: 571: 349: 4148: 4110: 2252: 1531: 1515: 1459: 1424: 1386: 1303: 1168: 1088: 883: 670: 344: 2459:"Major Trends of Media Development During Post-Communist Transition" 943:; the newspaper remained during democratisation as the organ of the 2677: 4446: 4153: 2012:

Media integrity report: State-media financial relations in Albania

1810:'s Subcommittee on Human Rights, October 2014, EXPO/B/DROI/2013/16 1527: 1436: 1261: 1097: 898: 727: 2264: 2262: 2260: 3335: 2220: 1412: 1401: 1334: 339: 4832: 4450: 2681: 1849:

ebute.pdf Self-censorship and soft censorship in Albanian media

1295:. Other radio stations broadcast locally or over the internet. 4363: 2594:

European Parliament. Directorate General for External Policies

1397: 551: 1894:"A blind eye on news: self-censorship in the Albanian media" 2193:

Tirana modern: biblio-ethnography on the margins of Europe

1112:, established in 1992, publisher of the complete works of 2114: 1411:

Television was first introduced in 1960. The state-owned

1157:

Publishing House, publishing non-fiction books since 1991

1970:"Self-Censorship Rampant in Albanian Media, Study Says" 716:

was criticised for allowing political control over the

2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 1629:

their agendas as well as on clientelistic relations.

1522:

carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by

5162: 5124: 4866: 4778: 4740: 4482: 4372: 4305: 4274: 4219: 4188: 4181: 4124: 4081: 4035: 3958: 3920: 3911: 3870: 3857: 3768: 3759: 3691: 3667: 3623: 3614: 3588: 3567: 3528: 3515: 3471: 3433: 3395: 3349: 3285: 3276: 3211: 3198: 3152: 3121: 3108: 3069: 2933: 2832: 2796: 2728: 2719: 2489:"Media integrity in Albania: Who owns the owners?" 2373:"Media integrity in Albania: Who owns the owners?" 1802:Elda Brogi, Alina Dobreva, and Pier Luigi Parcu, " 1770:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012 1318:operated from 1940 to 1967 and from 1993 to 2011. 2330:"TVALB streams Albanian TV content with Setplex" 2317:Albania’s Digital TV ‘Beauty Contest’ Turns Ugly 2275:, 20 December 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2014. 2025:Big advertisers subvert Albanian media freedom 1349:. Some national channels now defunct include: 933:("The Light", 1936–39). Socialist Albania saw 4844: 4462: 2693: 2617:"Media ownership, Independence and Pluralism" 1544:Telecommunications_in_Albania § Internet 603: 8: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1073:publishes in Albanian, Greek, and English. 4860:Transparency of media ownership in Europe 4851: 4837: 4829: 4469: 4455: 4447: 4185: 3917: 3867: 3863: 3765: 3620: 3525: 3521: 3282: 3208: 3204: 3118: 3114: 2725: 2700: 2686: 2678: 2195:. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. 610: 596: 28: 1574:Transparency of media ownership in Europe 1419:field up to the mid-1990s, a period when 1167:, including publications of authors from 767:Status and self-regulation of journalists 720:and failing to ensure its independence. 641:, and other sales-related revenues. The 3031:Albanian resistance during World War II 1804:Freedom of Media in the Western Balkans 1719: 1454:had created the first IPTV platform in 1435:) and defunct Agon Channel Italia (for 801:Balkan Investigative Journalism Network 40: 4017: 2587:"Freedom of media in the West Balkans" 2513:Petković, Brankica (2014). "Albania". 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2414:Petković, Brankica (2014). "Albania". 2366: 2364: 2362: 1928: 1917: 1095:Publishing houses in Albania include: 875:, deemed favourable to the government. 2581: 2579: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 1964: 1962: 1888: 1886: 1798: 1745: 1743: 1120:, as well as several foreign classics 677:without appropriate legal authority. 7: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1408:is also available as foreign relay. 710:Audiovisual Media Services Directive 1851:. Tirana: Albanian Media Institute. 1709:South East Europe Media Observatory 34:This article is part of a series in 1230:The state broadcaster in Albania, 1126:Publishing House, publishing i.a. 799:According to a 2015 report by the 703:, Albania has cooperated with the 25: 2971:Principality of Albania (1914–25) 2956:Provisional Government of Albania 1847:Albanian Media Institute (2012), 1493:National Center of Cinematography 1337:, nationwide TV channels include 1272:List of radio stations in Albania 688:and grants citizens the right to 4133: 4016: 3835: 3679: 3678: 3258: 3257: 3172: 3171: 3099: 2664: 2650: 2319:, Balkan Insight, 7 January 2015 2102:Historical Dictionary of Albania 2044:. Balcani Caucaso. 2 August 2002 1624:Concentration of media ownership 1618:Concentration of media ownership 1302:(103.9 MHz in the capital, 578: 564: 54: 5233:Mass media in Europe by country 1568:Transparency of media ownership 1076:The state's news agency is the 739:formula is not yet entrenched. 701:accession to the European Union 4354:Orders, decorations and medals 2961:Albania during the Balkan Wars 2558:Mapping digital media: Albania 1836:Mapping Digital Media: Albania 1314:are available as of 2019. The 1218:(publishing Italian writers), 1194:(with its philosophy series), 791:Censorship and self-censorship 1: 3001:Albanian Republic (1925–1928) 2875:Massacre of the Albanian Beys 1505:Telecommunications in Albania 991:Tirana's main newspapers are 913:List of newspapers in Albania 3006:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) 2981:Autonomous Province of Korçë 2487:Londo, Ilda (14 July 2017). 2371:Londo, Ilda (14 July 2014). 1632:After more than 20 years of 1526:from the Tirana exchange to 1483:During socialist times, the 829:’s “The Unexposed Ones” and 3041:Orthography Congress (1972) 3036:Communist Albania (1946–91) 3016:Italian invasion of Albania 2966:Republic of Central Albania 2946:Declaration of Independence 2890:Albanian National Awakening 1404:via terrestrial reception. 1308:Radio France Internationale 1078:Albanian Telegraphic Agency 962:Democratic Party of Albania 907:newspaper on 5 January 1991 718:Audiovisual Media Authority 5249: 3011:Union with Italian kingdom 2564:. Open Society Foundations 2126:Kaosi me biznesin e librit 1838:. Open Society Foundation. 1621: 1571: 1541: 1502: 1469: 1443:broadcasting is stalling. 1325: 1269: 1232:Radio Televizioni Shqiptar 1226:Public service broadcaster 1069:, Provoli, and Romiosini. 945:Socialist Party of Albania 910: 714:then-previous ruling party 4406: 3866: 3524: 3207: 3117: 3097: 2301:"Communications: Albania" 2014:, SEEMO, 27 November 2015 1756:2015 Press Freedom report 1312:China Radio International 1177:(est. 1993, publisher of 3026:The Holocaust in Albania 2885:Uprising of Dervish Cara 2624:Albanian Media Institute 2466:Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 2269:"Albania profile: Media" 925:("The Times", 1920–26), 699:As part of its proposed 2865:Islamization of Albania 2855:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini 2809:Principality of Arbanon 2191:Rosen, Matthew (2022). 1415:dominated the Albanian 1322:Television broadcasting 1110:Onufri Publishing House 979:and commercialisation. 941:Albanian Party of Labor 682:Constitution of Albania 659:Constitution of Albania 643:Constitution of Albania 4909:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4525:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3046:Post-Communist Albania 3021:German Nazi occupation 2976:World War I in Albania 2845:Skanderbeg's rebellion 1927:Cite journal requires 1267: 1105: 908: 754:Regulatory authorities 5228:Mass media by country 5223:Mass media in Albania 4344:Epitaph of Gllavenica 1634:market liberalization 1622:Further information: 1524:microwave radio relay 1396:Many Albanians watch 1328:Television in Albania 1265: 1101: 902: 690:access to information 653:Legislative framework 623:Mass media in Albania 292:Traditional tattooing 233:Religion and folklore 3776:Archaeological sites 3286:Vetting Institutions 2986:Italian protectorate 2900:Congress of Manastir 2880:Revolts of 1833–1839 2615:Londo, Ilda (2007). 2555:Londo, Ilda (2012). 2493:Mediaobservatory.net 2468:(Study, FES Albania) 2377:Mediaobservatory.net 2150:SHBSH Catalogue 2012 2081:on 24 September 2015 2042:"I media in Albania" 1834:Londo, Ilda (2012), 1446:In the early 2000s, 1316:BBC Albanian service 1036:Rilindja Demokratike 950:Rilindja Demokratike 905:Rilindja Demokratike 818:During August 2019, 667:freedom of the press 5125:States with limited 4741:States with limited 3997:Research institutes 3559:State Supreme Audit 2996:Republic of Mirdita 2457:Ilda Londo (2012). 2063:Ilda Londo (2002). 2031:, 20 December 2013] 1808:European Parliament 1128:Margaret Mazzantini 705:European Commission 575: • 143:Arbanasi (Dalmatia) 86:Independent Albania 3814:Adriatic Sea Coast 3741:Telecommunications 3448:Capital punishment 3341:Prosecutor General 2910:Malissori uprising 2870:Albanian Pashaliks 2824:House of Kastrioti 2814:Kingdom of Albania 2352:2013-02-21 at the 2166:2016-03-02 at the 2140:, 13 November 2015 2128:, 23 November 2013 1672:Aleksandër Frangaj 1499:Telecommunications 1268: 1258:Radio broadcasting 1204:Shtepia Botuese 55 1106: 909: 859:media independence 833:“Krasta/ A Show”. 585:Society portal 148:Upper Reka dialect 5210: 5209: 4826: 4825: 4444: 4443: 4402: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4270: 4269: 4177: 4176: 4169:Cognac Skënderbeu 3976: 3928: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3841:Images of Albania 3809: 3808: 3668:Natural resources 3659:Hydropower plants 3654: 3653: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3316: 3315: 3253:Political parties 3248:Foreign relations 3194: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3095: 3094: 3051:1997 Civil Unrest 2895:League of Prizren 2819:Despotate of Arta 2529:978-961-6455-77-0 2430:978-961-6455-77-0 2202:978-0-8265-0484-5 1976:. 3 December 2015 1806:", study for the 1668:Irfan Hysenbelliu 1472:Cinema of Albania 1439:). Transition to 1431:and Alsat M (for 1393:, and TeleSport. 1300:BBC World Service 1285:Top Albania Radio 1185:Pika pa sipërfaqe 918:Albanian language 820:Council of Europe 663:freedom of speech 647:freedom of speech 629:outlets based in 620: 619: 45: 16:(Redirected from 5240: 5163:Dependencies and 4867:Sovereign states 4853: 4846: 4839: 4830: 4779:Dependencies and 4483:Sovereign states 4471: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4186: 4137: 4020: 4019: 3972: 3924: 3918: 3868: 3864: 3839: 3819:Ionian Sea Coast 3766: 3682: 3681: 3621: 3575:Shopping centers 3544: 3526: 3522: 3499:Border crossings 3373:Cities and towns 3283: 3261: 3260: 3209: 3205: 3175: 3174: 3119: 3115: 3103: 2925:Kimza Government 2726: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2632: 2626:. Archived from 2621: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2591: 2583: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2563: 2552: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2463: 2454: 2435: 2434: 2422: 2411: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2368: 2357: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2298: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2266: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2219:. Archived from 2213: 2207: 2206: 2188: 2182: 2180:History of Toena 2177: 2171: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2080: 2074:. Archived from 2069: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2038: 2032: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2002: 2001:, 29 August 2019 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1937: 1936: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1890: 1861: 1858: 1852: 1845: 1839: 1832: 1811: 1800: 1773: 1763: 1757: 1747: 1698:WAZ-Mediengruppe 1140:Bernard Cromwell 1132:Antonio Tabucchi 1006:Gazeta Shqiptare 982:The independent 854:WAZ–Mediengruppe 612: 605: 598: 587: 583: 582: 574: 570: 568: 567: 310:Albanian cuisine 153:Istrian Albanian 58: 48: 43: 35: 29: 21: 18:Media of Albania 5248: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5237: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5164: 5158: 5144:Northern Cyprus 5126: 5120: 5041:North Macedonia 4862: 4857: 4827: 4822: 4780: 4774: 4760:Northern Cyprus 4742: 4736: 4657:North Macedonia 4478: 4477:Media of Europe 4475: 4445: 4440: 4432: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4394: 4380:Public holidays 4368: 4301: 4266: 4215: 4173: 4120: 4077: 4031: 3954: 3907: 3845: 3805: 3755: 3746:Posta Shqiptare 3687: 3663: 3650: 3610: 3584: 3563: 3542: 3503: 3489:Organized crime 3467: 3429: 3391: 3345: 3312: 3272: 3186: 3182:Protected areas 3148: 3104: 3091: 3065: 3056:NATO membership 2939: 2937: 2929: 2850:League of Lezhë 2838: 2836: 2828: 2802: 2800: 2792: 2715: 2706: 2670: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2633:on 14 July 2016 2630: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2553: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2519: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2455: 2438: 2431: 2420: 2413: 2412: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2370: 2369: 2360: 2354:Wayback Machine 2345: 2341: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2299: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2267: 2258: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2174: 2168:Wayback Machine 2159: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2105:, #Press, 367-8 2098: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2072:Media Institute 2067: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2022: 2018: 2009: 2005: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1968: 1967: 1940: 1926: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1846: 1842: 1833: 1814: 1801: 1776: 1764: 1760: 1748: 1721: 1717: 1641:audience shares 1626: 1620: 1585:media integrity 1576: 1570: 1565: 1563:Media ownership 1546: 1540: 1507: 1501: 1485:Albafilm-Tirana 1474: 1468: 1433:North Macedonia 1421:privately owned 1406:TV5Monde Europe 1355:Albanian Screen 1330: 1324: 1274: 1260: 1228: 1165:Albanian people 1086: 936:Zëri i Popullit 929:(1925–39), and 915: 897: 886:. According to 852:and the German 839: 793: 769: 756: 736:self-censorship 712:, although the 655: 616: 577: 576: 565: 563: 562: 557: 556: 527: 519: 518: 479: 471: 470: 439: 431: 430: 401: 393: 392: 378: 370: 369: 305: 297: 296: 277: 269: 268: 234: 226: 225: 196: 188: 187: 161: 155: 139: 132: 124: 123: 99: 91: 90: 66: 46: 42: 33: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5246: 5244: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5215: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5165:other entities 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5116:United Kingdom 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4929:Czech Republic 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4781:other entities 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4732:United Kingdom 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4545:Czech Republic 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4431: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4130: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3964: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3931: 3929: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3894:Noble families 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3833: 3828: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3772: 3770: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3693: 3692:Infrastructure 3689: 3688: 3686: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3538: 3532: 3530: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3453:Assassinations 3450: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3405: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3368:Municipalities 3365: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3243:Prime Minister 3240: 3228: 3215: 3213: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2938:(1912–present) 2931: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2920:Revolt of 1912 2917: 2915:Taksim meeting 2912: 2907: 2905:Revolt of 1910 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2860:Arbëni Council 2857: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2834:Ottoman period 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2734: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2690: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2661: 2645: 2644: 2607: 2575: 2542: 2528: 2505: 2479: 2436: 2429: 2389: 2358: 2339: 2321: 2309: 2305:World Factbook 2286: 2277: 2256: 2245: 2233: 2208: 2201: 2183: 2172: 2153: 2142: 2130: 2118: 2107: 2099:Robert Elsie, 2092: 2055: 2033: 2029:Balkan Insight 2016: 2003: 1987: 1938: 1929:|journal= 1862: 1853: 1840: 1812: 1774: 1758: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1664:Koço Kokëdhima 1619: 1616: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1542:Main article: 1539: 1536: 1503:Main article: 1500: 1497: 1476:The cinema of 1470:Main article: 1467: 1464: 1450:living in the 1429:Klan Macedonia 1385:, SuperSonic, 1326:Main article: 1323: 1320: 1283:1, 2, and 3), 1259: 1256: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1188: 1182: 1172: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1121: 1085: 1082: 977:sensationalism 967:The number of 903:First copy of 896: 893: 892: 891: 876: 838: 835: 792: 789: 768: 765: 755: 752: 654: 651: 618: 617: 615: 614: 607: 600: 592: 589: 588: 559: 558: 555: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 467: 466: 461: 456: 451: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 429: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 402: 399: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 385: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 306: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 289: 284: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 197: 194: 193: 190: 189: 186: 185: 180: 172: 167: 162: 156: 150: 145: 140: 133: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 116: 114:Noble families 111: 106: 100: 97: 96: 93: 92: 89: 88: 83: 81:Ottoman period 78: 73: 67: 64: 63: 60: 59: 51: 50: 38: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5245: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5177:Faroe Islands 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149:South Ossetia 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5001:Liechtenstein 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4793:Faroe Islands 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4765:South Ossetia 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4617:Liechtenstein 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4391: 4390:Copyright law 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4349:Sign language 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275:Entertainment 4273: 4263: 4262:Indoor arenas 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4227:Weightlifting 4225: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4196:National team 4194: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4073:Sworn virgins 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3232: 3231:Head of state 3229: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2658:Europe portal 2648: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2611: 2608: 2595: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2560: 2559: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2517: 2509: 2506: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2480: 2467: 2460: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2418: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2343: 2340: 2336:. 2021-06-28. 2335: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2223:on 2016-02-13 2222: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2198: 2194: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2096: 2093: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2056: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1975: 1974:BalkanInsight 1971: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1921: 1906:on 2016-01-22 1902: 1895: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750:Freedom House 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1696:, the German 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1575: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1506: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1473: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1456:North America 1453: 1452:United States 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1329: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1264: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1114:Ismail Kadare 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1103:Ismail Kadare 1100: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:Albanian Mail 1056: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1001: 996: 995: 989: 987: 986: 980: 978: 974: 970: 965: 963: 959: 954: 952: 951: 946: 942: 938: 937: 932: 928: 924: 919: 914: 906: 901: 894: 889: 885: 881: 877: 874: 870: 869: 868: 865: 862: 860: 855: 851: 846: 842: 837:Media outlets 836: 834: 832: 828: 823: 821: 816: 812: 808: 804: 802: 797: 790: 788: 786: 781: 777: 773: 766: 764: 760: 753: 751: 748: 744: 740: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 719: 715: 711: 706: 702: 697: 693: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 661:provides for 660: 652: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 613: 608: 606: 601: 599: 594: 593: 591: 590: 586: 581: 573: 561: 560: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 537:Sign language 535: 533: 532:Crossed hands 530: 529: 523: 522: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 489:Weightlifting 487: 485: 482: 481: 475: 474: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 445: 442: 441: 435: 434: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 397: 396: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 374: 373: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 301: 300: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 282:Art galleries 280: 279: 273: 272: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 230: 229: 222: 219: 217: 216:Sworn virgins 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 198: 192: 191: 184: 181: 179: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 160: 157: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 128: 127: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 95: 94: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 68: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 39: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 5154:Transnistria 4770:Transnistria 4427:Bibliography 4334: 4332:Coat of arms 4322: 4220:Other sports 4043:Folk beliefs 4007:Universities 3935:Architecture 3879:Demographics 3821: 3731: 3580:Supermarkets 3554:Trade unions 3435:Human rights 3410: 3351:Subdivisions 3321:Constitution 3233: 3221: 3167:Biodiversity 3061:EU Accession 2935:Independence 2672:Media portal 2635:. Retrieved 2628:the original 2623: 2610: 2598:. Retrieved 2593: 2566:. Retrieved 2557: 2533:. Retrieved 2515: 2508: 2496:. Retrieved 2492: 2482: 2470:. Retrieved 2465: 2416: 2380:. Retrieved 2376: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2312: 2304: 2280: 2272: 2248: 2236: 2225:. Retrieved 2221:the original 2217:"Botimet 55" 2211: 2192: 2186: 2175: 2156: 2145: 2138:Tirana Times 2133: 2121: 2110: 2100: 2095: 2083:. Retrieved 2076:the original 2071: 2058: 2046:. Retrieved 2036: 2028: 2019: 2010:Ilda Londo, 2006: 1998: 1990: 1978:. Retrieved 1973: 1920:cite journal 1908:. Retrieved 1901:the original 1856: 1843: 1769: 1761: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1694:Edisud Group 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1651:Edisud Group 1650: 1646:Edisud Group 1644: 1638: 1631: 1627: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1558: 1550: 1547: 1520: 1509:Until 1990, 1508: 1490: 1482: 1475: 1445: 1417:broadcasting 1410: 1395: 1359:Agon Channel 1333:broadcaster 1331: 1297: 1281:Radio Tirana 1278: 1275: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1229: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1179:Rexhep Qosja 1174: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1144:Edmond Tupja 1136:Dino Buzzati 1123: 1118:Martin Camaj 1094: 1087: 1075: 1070: 1063:Tirana Times 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 990: 983: 981: 966: 958:Sali Berisha 955: 948: 934: 930: 926: 922: 916: 866: 863: 850:Edisud Group 847: 843: 840: 831:Adi Krasta’s 824: 817: 813: 809: 805: 798: 794: 782: 778: 774: 770: 761: 757: 749: 745: 741: 726: 722: 698: 694: 679: 673:or Internet 656: 639:subscription 622: 621: 443: 287:Architecture 264:Folk beliefs 244:Christianity 32: 26: 5192:Isle of Man 5127:recognition 5101:Switzerland 5036:Netherlands 4808:Isle of Man 4743:recognition 4717:Switzerland 4652:Netherlands 3940:Photography 3926:(galleries) 3801:Lighthouses 3674:Oil and gas 3596:Agriculture 3396:Legislature 3268:Visa policy 3154:Environment 2837:(1385–1912) 2801:(1190–1385) 2798:Middle Ages 2334:setplex.com 2241:Pub Profile 2085:15 February 2048:3 September 1402:ANT1 Greece 1347:Vizion Plus 1339:Top Channel 1071:Gazeta 2000 895:Print media 873:Rezart Taci 827:Ylli Rakipi 645:guarantees 635:advertising 421:Epic poetry 76:Middle Ages 5217:Categories 5071:San Marino 5031:Montenegro 5011:Luxembourg 4991:Kazakhstan 4894:Azerbaijan 4687:San Marino 4647:Montenegro 4627:Luxembourg 4607:Kazakhstan 4510:Azerbaijan 4287:Television 4247:Volleyball 4242:Basketball 4096:Fustanella 4058:Secularism 4027:Albanology 4012:Publishers 3992:Literature 3734:structures 3601:Healthcare 3543:(currency) 3425:Opposition 3326:Corruption 3219:Government 2768:Dassaretii 2472:6 December 2382:7 December 2227:2016-01-07 2170:, PubMatch 2115:ATA.gov.al 1715:References 1572:See also: 1293:Radio Klan 1270:See also: 1208:Mediaprint 1161:Argeta-LMG 1084:Publishing 1067:Laiko Vima 969:newspapers 927:Demokratia 911:See also: 732:defamation 686:censorship 684:prohibits 675:chat rooms 627:mass media 625:refers to 499:Volleyball 494:Basketball 464:Television 454:Newspapers 444:Mass media 400:Literature 388:Summer Day 259:Secularism 254:Irreligion 175:Arvanitika 44:Culture of 5182:Gibraltar 5006:Lithuania 4798:Gibraltar 4622:Lithuania 4232:Athletics 4144:Tavë kosi 4036:Tradition 4002:Libraries 3960:Education 3769:Monuments 3751:Squatting 3729:Highrises 3624:Operators 3606:Companies 3463:Ombudsman 3403:Elections 3278:Judiciary 3212:Executive 3129:Mountains 3122:Landscape 3110:Geography 2991:Vlora War 2788:Taulantii 2763:Bylliones 2730:Illyrians 2065:"Albania" 2023:Likmeta, 1766:"Albania" 1660:Top Media 1448:Albanians 1391:Channel 1 1375:A1 Report 1124:Ombra GVG 1018:Koha Jonë 1012:Gazeta 55 985:Koha Jonë 785:A1 Report 377:Festivals 335:Tavë kosi 315:Arbëreshë 195:Tradition 178:Arvanitic 104:Albanians 71:Illyrians 5202:Svalbard 5187:Guernsey 5134:Abkhazia 5086:Slovenia 5081:Slovakia 5056:Portugal 4914:Bulgaria 4818:Svalbard 4803:Guernsey 4750:Abkhazia 4702:Slovenia 4697:Slovakia 4672:Portugal 4530:Bulgaria 4436:Category 4359:Passport 4337:armorial 4315:Heraldry 4257:Olympics 4252:Swimming 4211:Stadiums 4189:Football 4116:Xhamadan 4101:Xhubleta 4083:Costumes 4063:Religion 4022:Proverbs 3987:Language 3968:Alphabet 3950:Theatres 3899:Diaspora 3796:Churches 3714:Railways 3704:Aviation 3699:Highways 3589:Industry 3549:Taxation 3479:Military 3472:Security 3443:Abortion 3413:speakers 3408:Assembly 3383:Villages 3378:Communes 3363:Counties 3331:EURALIUS 3263:Treaties 3224:agencies 3200:Politics 3087:Archives 3082:Timeline 3070:See also 2783:Parthini 2778:Labeatae 2758:Balaites 2753:Amantini 2713:articles 2637:10 April 2600:10 April 2568:10 April 2535:10 April 2498:10 April 2350:Archived 2273:BBC News 2164:Archived 1980:30 April 1910:30 April 1554:Eutelsat 1538:Internet 1534:(2011). 1379:ABC News 1371:Top News 1363:Ora News 1196:Dita2000 1190:others: 1061:and the 1042:Shekulli 1030:Panorama 1024:Metropol 514:Athletes 509:Olympics 504:Swimming 484:Football 411:Alphabet 406:Language 383:Flag Day 330:Çaj mali 221:Costumes 183:Arbëresh 131:Language 119:Diaspora 5111:Ukraine 5061:Romania 5021:Moldova 4979:Ireland 4974:Iceland 4969:Hungary 4959:Germany 4954:Georgia 4944:Finland 4939:Estonia 4934:Denmark 4919:Croatia 4904:Belgium 4899:Belarus 4889:Austria 4884:Armenia 4879:Andorra 4874:Albania 4727:Ukraine 4677:Romania 4637:Moldova 4595:Ireland 4590:Iceland 4585:Hungary 4575:Germany 4570:Georgia 4560:Finland 4555:Estonia 4550:Denmark 4535:Croatia 4520:Belgium 4515:Belarus 4505:Austria 4500:Armenia 4495:Andorra 4490:Albania 4413:Outline 4385:Smoking 4307:Symbols 4237:Cycling 4206:Players 4126:Cuisine 4091:Qeleshe 3982:Abetare 3974:scripts 3945:Museums 3913:Culture 3859:Society 3831:Beaches 3824:riviera 3786:Mosques 3781:Castles 3761:Tourism 3724:Tunnels 3719:Bridges 3536:Banking 3529:Finance 3517:Economy 3494:Prisons 3420:Members 3177:Habitat 3162:Climate 3144:Islands 3077:Origins 2773:Enchele 2748:Amantes 2743:Albanoi 2738:Ardiaei 2721:History 2709:Albania 2243:, Ombra 1999:Exit.al 1754:Albania 1511:Albania 1478:Albania 1343:TV Klan 1289:Club FM 1236:TV Klan 1155:Dituria 1149:Neraida 1080:(ATSH) 1000:Ballkan 994:Albania 973:Albania 631:Albania 572:Albania 526:Symbols 416:Writers 360:Trileçe 355:Likëngë 325:Kosovan 304:Cuisine 249:Judaism 65:History 47:Albania 5197:Jersey 5139:Kosovo 5106:Turkey 5096:Sweden 5076:Serbia 5066:Russia 5051:Poland 5046:Norway 5026:Monaco 4996:Latvia 4964:Greece 4949:France 4924:Cyprus 4813:Jersey 4755:Kosovo 4722:Turkey 4712:Sweden 4692:Serbia 4682:Russia 4667:Poland 4662:Norway 4642:Monaco 4612:Latvia 4580:Greece 4565:France 4540:Cyprus 4297:Cinema 4182:Sports 4149:Kabuni 4139:Gjellë 4111:Opinga 4068:Nevruz 3889:Tribes 3884:Census 3872:People 3791:Tekkes 3684:Mining 3616:Energy 3568:Retail 3484:Police 3134:Rivers 2951:Anthem 2711: 2596:. 2014 2526: 2427: 2199: 1532:Greece 1516:Europe 1466:Cinema 1460:Canada 1425:Kosovo 1367:News24 1357:, and 1345:, and 1310:, and 1304:Tirana 1291:, and 1192:Plejad 1169:Kosovo 1089:INSTAT 884:Tirana 671:e-mail 569: 542:Awards 350:Kanojë 345:Kabuni 98:People 5172:Åland 5091:Spain 5016:Malta 4986:Italy 4788:Åland 4707:Spain 4632:Malta 4602:Italy 4420:Index 4373:Other 4292:Radio 4282:Music 4201:Clubs 3904:Women 3709:Ports 3641:OSHEE 3139:Lakes 2631:(PDF) 2620:(PDF) 2590:(PDF) 2562:(PDF) 2520:(PDF) 2462:(PDF) 2421:(PDF) 2253:Dudaj 2161:Toena 2079:(PDF) 2068:(PDF) 1904:(PDF) 1897:(PDF) 1528:Italy 1437:Italy 1220:Saras 1216:Dudaj 1212:Ombra 1175:Toena 1048:Shqip 931:Drita 728:Libel 547:Logos 478:Sport 459:Radio 438:Media 426:Poets 239:Islam 206:Kanun 109:Clans 4325:list 4320:Flag 4164:Wine 4159:Beer 4154:Raki 4106:Brez 4048:Besa 3631:KESH 3541:Lek 3458:LGBT 3388:Maps 3358:NUTS 3336:SPAK 3236:list 2639:2017 2602:2017 2570:2017 2537:2017 2524:ISBN 2500:2017 2474:2016 2425:ISBN 2384:2016 2197:ISBN 2087:2014 2050:2014 1982:2017 1933:help 1912:2017 1530:and 1413:RTSH 1400:and 1335:RTSH 1298:The 1116:and 1054:Tema 923:Koha 888:BIRN 878:The 730:and 680:The 665:and 657:The 449:News 365:Verë 340:Flia 320:Cham 201:Besa 170:Cham 159:Tosk 137:Gheg 4364:.al 4053:Oda 3922:Art 3646:ERE 3636:OST 3308:KPK 3303:ONM 3298:IKP 3293:KPA 1441:DTV 1427:), 1398:Rai 1387:BBF 1383:UTV 1351:TVA 1306:), 1287:, 1200:UET 971:in 960:'s 552:.al 276:Art 211:Oda 165:Lab 5219:: 2622:. 2592:. 2578:^ 2545:^ 2491:. 2464:. 2439:^ 2392:^ 2375:. 2361:^ 2332:. 2303:, 2289:^ 2271:, 2259:^ 2070:. 2027:, 1997:, 1972:. 1941:^ 1924:: 1922:}} 1918:{{ 1865:^ 1815:^ 1777:^ 1768:, 1752:, 1722:^ 1670:, 1666:, 1587:. 1389:, 1381:, 1377:, 1373:, 1369:, 1365:, 1353:, 1341:, 1238:. 1214:, 1210:, 1206:, 1202:, 1198:, 1181:), 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1130:, 1051:, 1045:, 1039:, 1033:, 1027:, 1021:, 1015:, 1009:, 1003:, 997:, 947:. 880:PD 861:. 637:, 4852:e 4845:t 4838:v 4470:e 4463:t 4456:v 4339:) 4335:( 4327:) 4323:( 3826:) 3822:( 3736:) 3732:( 3415:) 3411:( 3238:) 3234:( 3226:) 3222:( 2701:e 2694:t 2687:v 2641:. 2604:. 2572:. 2539:. 2502:. 2476:. 2433:. 2386:. 2230:. 2205:. 2089:. 2052:. 1984:. 1935:) 1931:( 1914:. 1171:. 611:e 604:t 597:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.