192:, and by 2000, more than 200 websites provided news out of Lebanon like the leading Daily Beirut news portal. Internet penetration from 2013 to 2016 has increased rapidly in Lebanon. Use of social media platforms like Facebook has seen growth and has been highest in the Middle East, as 77% for Lebanon in 2017. As per August 2017, there are around 3.4 million users on Facebook from Lebanon. The Instagram count is 1.3 million.
838:
1300:
58:
1310:
774:
107:
first book fair in the Arab world in 1956. By the early sixties, there were close to a hundred publishers and more than 250 printing presses in
Lebanon. Armenian publications also flourished in Beirut, with over 44 publications, including dailies and periodicals. In 1962 the press law came into effect which was introduced by
30:
is not only a regional center of media production but also one of the most liberal and free in the Middle East. Despite its small population and geographic size, Lebanon plays an influential role in the production of information in the Middle East and is "at the core of a regional media network with
106:
After independence, Beirut emerged as the epicenter of publishing in the Arab world, characterized by free and liberal media and literary scenes. In the 1940s, Beirut was home to 39 newspapers, as well as 137 periodicals and journals that were published in three languages. Beirut also hosted the
117:
Authors from Syria, Palestine and elsewhere in the Arab world found refuge in
Lebanon's free and liberal publishing industry. Lebanon's press became a huge industry despite the country's small size and has remained a haven for Arabic publishing. The establishment of modern printing presses and
118:
sophisticated book distribution channels made Beirut a regional publishing leader, and gave the
Lebanese publishers a dominant role in Arab publishing. Lebanon hosts annually two important regional publishing events, the Beirut Book Fair and the Beirut Francophone Book Fair.
173:
Lebanon was one of the first countries in the Arab world to introduce the internet, and Beirut's newspapers were the first in the region to provide readers with web versions of their newspapers. By 1996, three newspapers from
Lebanon were online,
102:
in 1875, and it was this period that marked the emergence of Beirut's prolific press. Lebanese publishers and journalists, along with
Syrians, also played a major role in establishing the Egyptian press in the nineteenth century.
93:
In the second half of the nineteenth century, Beirut had become not only a multi-religious, commercial center but also an intellectual one, especially after the establishment of two private, higher education institutes, the
89:
and Arabic, the first publication in the Middle East. One of the first Arabic-script, printing presses in the region was founded in 1734 at The
Convent of St. John in Khinshara where it remained in operation until 1899.
43:(NNA), an Arabic- and English-language newspaper that launched in 1961 and had about 600 subscribers in 1974, and Al-Markazia, known in English as the Central News Agency, publishes only in Arabic.
130:
639:
500:
802:
762:
452:
1214:
812:
201:
675:
1344:
537:
400:
255:
740:
941:
73:
The history of publishing in
Lebanon dates back to 1610 when the first printing press was established at the Convent of Saint Anthony of
755:
157:
The first radio service began in 1938 in
Lebanon. There are many private radio stations in the country. Two of the leading stations are
1189:
650:
341:
326:
281:
721:
1265:
206:
1339:
1334:
748:
1275:
176:
95:
52:
137:. Lebanon has ten national television channels, with most being affiliated or supported by certain political parties or
162:
1234:
463:
358:
The First Arabic Script
Printing Press in Lebanon: Arabic Type Designer & Typographer: Arabic Type: Pascal Zoghbi
1024:
1270:
1229:
1134:
956:
934:
40:
1239:
99:
1104:
564:
1014:
852:
1184:
1149:
778:
126:
882:
837:
827:
1074:
1069:
964:
108:
357:
1254:
1194:
1169:
1084:
1064:
984:
974:
927:
138:
1309:
1280:
1159:
1154:
1034:
857:
696:
165:. Additionally, local stations People's Voice and Lebanon Voice are also popular radio outlets.
133:, with the launch of two privately owned stations, CLT and Télé Orient that merged in 1977 into
877:
1224:
1174:
1129:
1109:
1099:
999:
872:
533:
396:
322:
251:
867:
527:
390:
247:
1199:
1114:
1094:
979:
969:
595:
822:
134:
1244:
1179:
1144:
1079:
1059:
1049:
1009:
994:
989:
86:
292:
616:
1285:
1204:
1164:
1139:
1119:
1054:
1029:
1019:
1004:
78:
1328:
1303:
1124:
1089:
1044:
1039:
817:
807:
240:
111:
529:
Channels of
Resistance in Lebanon: Liberation Propaganda, Hezbollah and the Media
1313:
898:
862:
560:
142:
62:
17:
57:
158:
114:. As of September 2013, the law still regulates printed media in the country.
903:
792:
146:
797:
188:
182:
908:
773:
599:
74:
27:
591:
722:"Facebook and Instagram user demographics in Lebanon – August 2017"
594:. Kyoto Working Papers on Area Studies: G-COE Series. p. 6.
919:
923:
744:
501:"Francophone book fair showcases Lebanese and foreign authors"
425:
423:
421:
419:
384:
382:
242:
New media in the Muslim world: the emerging public sphere
319:
Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook
1253:
1213:
955:
891:
845:
785:
697:"Social Media · Media Use in the Middle East, 2017"
392:
Pop culture Arab world!: media, arts, and lifestyle
640:"Turning a research idea into a national movement"
592:"Media History of Modern Egypt: A Critical Review"
239:
238:Dale F. Eickelman; Jon W. Anderson (1 July 2003).
342:Arabic and the Art of Printing: A Special Section
85:-the Bible's book of psalms, which was in both
935:
756:
8:
565:"New pan-Arab satellite channel goes on air"
364:5 January 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
317:Yahya R. Kamalipour; Hamid Mowlana (1994).
39:Lebanon has two state-owned news agencies:
942:
928:
920:
763:
749:
741:
683:Qatar Northwestern University Publications
611:
609:
446:
444:
56:
218:
202:Posts and telecommunications in Lebanon
453:"The Myth of Media Freedom in Lebanon"
276:
274:
65:on the cover of the Lebanese magazine
246:. Indiana University Press. pp.
7:
233:
231:
676:"Middle East Media Use Report 2016"
376:by Federal Research Division, p. 42
149:and was launched on 11 June 2012.
25:
321:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
282:"Media sustainability index 2008"
1308:
1299:
1298:
836:
772:
647:National Endowment for Democracy
348:. Retrieved on 11 December 2011.
207:Federation of Arab News Agencies
81:, making its first publication,
720:Kowalczyk, Kasia (2017-08-12).
1266:British Indian Ocean Territory
1:
1345:Mass media in Asia by country
451:Dajani, Nabil (Summer 2013).
96:American University of Beirut
53:List of newspapers in Lebanon
526:Zahera Harb (30 May 2010).
163:Radio France Internationale
145:, for example, is close to
1361:
638:Sami Atallah (June 2013).
532:. I.B.Tauris. p. 97.
50:
1294:
834:
1015:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
617:"Lebanon profile. Media"
395:. ABC-CLIO. p. 94.
41:The National News Agency
1276:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
389:Andrew Hammond (2005).
374:Lebanon A Country Study
100:Saint Joseph University
619:. BBC. 29 January 2013
460:Arab Media and Society
70:
31:global implications".
1340:Mass media by country
1335:Mass media in Lebanon
779:Television in Lebanon
127:Television in Lebanon
60:
1190:United Arab Emirates
701:www.mideastmedia.org
590:Yushi Chiba (2010).
469:on 27 September 2013
462:(18). Archived from
1217:limited recognition
846:Cable and satellite
656:on 28 October 2013
571:. Associated Press
438:Migliorino, p. 124
429:Migliorino, p. 123
346:Saudi Aramco World
225:Migliorino, p. 122
131:introduced in 1959
71:
1322:
1321:
1259:other territories
917:
916:
904:Future Television
539:978-1-84885-120-7
507:. 28 October 2011
402:978-1-85109-449-3
257:978-0-253-34252-2
61:Egyptian actress
16:(Redirected from
1352:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1271:Christmas Island
957:Sovereign states
944:
937:
930:
921:
840:
777:
776:
765:
758:
751:
742:
736:
735:
733:
732:
717:
711:
710:
708:
707:
693:
687:
686:
680:
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
655:
649:. Archived from
644:
635:
629:
628:
626:
624:
613:
604:
603:
587:
581:
580:
578:
576:
563:(11 June 2012).
557:
551:
550:
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523:
517:
516:
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512:
497:
491:
489:Libri: Volume 51
485:
479:
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468:
457:
448:
439:
436:
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411:
409:
386:
377:
371:
365:
355:
349:
339:
333:
332:
314:
308:
307:
305:
303:
297:
291:. Archived from
286:
278:
269:
268:
266:
264:
245:
235:
226:
223:
98:in 1864 and the
21:
18:Media of Lebanon
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1290:
1258:
1249:
1230:Northern Cyprus
1216:
1209:
951:
948:
918:
913:
887:
841:
832:
808:Murr Television
781:
771:
769:
739:
730:
728:
719:
718:
714:
705:
703:
695:
694:
690:
678:
674:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
642:
637:
636:
632:
622:
620:
615:
614:
607:
589:
588:
584:
574:
572:
559:
558:
554:
544:
542:
540:
525:
524:
520:
510:
508:
499:
498:
494:
486:
482:
472:
470:
466:
455:
450:
449:
442:
437:
433:
428:
417:
407:
405:
403:
388:
387:
380:
372:
368:
356:
352:
340:
336:
329:
316:
315:
311:
301:
299:
298:on 12 July 2013
295:
284:
280:
279:
272:
262:
260:
258:
237:
236:
229:
224:
220:
216:
198:
171:
155:
124:
83:Qozhaya Psalter
55:
49:
37:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
959:
953:
952:
949:
947:
946:
939:
932:
924:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:
835:
833:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
770:
768:
767:
760:
753:
745:
738:
737:
712:
688:
667:
630:
605:
582:
552:
538:
518:
505:The Daily Star
492:
487:Anker, Jean.
480:
440:
431:
415:
401:
378:
366:
350:
334:
327:
309:
270:
256:
227:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
204:
197:
194:
170:
167:
154:
151:
123:
120:
79:Kadisha Valley
48:
45:
36:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:South Ossetia
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
950:Media of Asia
945:
940:
938:
933:
931:
926:
925:
922:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
839:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
746:
743:
727:
723:
716:
713:
702:
698:
692:
689:
684:
677:
671:
668:
652:
648:
641:
634:
631:
618:
612:
610:
606:
601:
597:
593:
586:
583:
570:
566:
562:
556:
553:
541:
535:
531:
530:
522:
519:
506:
502:
496:
493:
490:
484:
481:
465:
461:
454:
447:
445:
441:
435:
432:
426:
424:
422:
420:
416:
404:
398:
394:
393:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
359:
354:
351:
347:
343:
338:
335:
330:
328:9780313285356
324:
320:
313:
310:
294:
290:
283:
277:
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271:
259:
253:
249:
244:
243:
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185:
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179:
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136:
132:
128:
121:
119:
115:
113:
110:
104:
101:
97:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
64:
59:
54:
46:
44:
42:
35:News agencies
34:
32:
29:
19:
1255:Dependencies
1185:Turkmenistan
1150:Saudi Arabia
828:Télé Lumière
729:. Retrieved
725:
715:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
682:
670:
660:15 September
658:. Retrieved
651:the original
646:
633:
621:. Retrieved
585:
573:. Retrieved
568:
561:Karam, Zeina
555:
543:. Retrieved
528:
521:
509:. Retrieved
504:
495:
488:
483:
473:22 September
471:. Retrieved
464:the original
459:
434:
406:. Retrieved
391:
373:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
318:
312:
302:15 September
300:. Retrieved
293:the original
288:
261:. Retrieved
241:
221:
187:
181:
175:
172:
156:
125:
116:
105:
92:
82:
72:
66:
38:
26:
1314:Asia portal
1215:States with
1135:Philippines
1075:South Korea
1070:North Korea
965:Afghanistan
899:Future News
863:Al Mayadeen
858:Al-Lubnania
726:NapoleonCat
623:9 September
600:2433/155745
545:11 December
408:11 December
263:11 December
143:Al Mayadeen
112:Fuad Chebab
69:, June 1972
63:Mervat Amin
1329:Categories
1195:Uzbekistan
1170:Tajikistan
1085:Kyrgyzstan
1065:Kazakhstan
985:Bangladesh
975:Azerbaijan
823:Télé Liban
731:2018-08-20
706:2018-08-20
511:4 November
214:References
159:BBC Arabic
135:Télé Liban
122:Television
51:See also:
1281:Hong Kong
1235:Palestine
1160:Sri Lanka
1155:Singapore
1035:Indonesia
793:Al Jadeed
362:29letters
147:Hezbollah
139:alliances
109:President
67:Al-Maweid
1304:Category
1225:Abkhazia
1175:Thailand
1130:Pakistan
1110:Mongolia
1105:Maldives
1100:Malaysia
1000:Cambodia
873:Jaras TV
798:Al-Manar
786:National
569:AJC News
196:See also
189:As-Safir
183:An-Nahar
177:Al Anwar
169:Internet
1200:Vietnam
1115:Myanmar
1095:Lebanon
1025:Georgia
980:Bahrain
970:Armenia
909:Zein TV
892:Defunct
883:Noursat
868:Heya TV
575:11 June
77:in the
75:Qozhaya
28:Lebanon
1245:Taiwan
1180:Turkey
1145:Russia
1080:Kuwait
1060:Jordan
1050:Israel
1010:Cyprus
995:Brunei
990:Bhutan
878:Strike
536:
399:
325:
254:
209:(FANA)
186:, and
87:Syriac
1286:Macau
1205:Yemen
1165:Syria
1140:Qatar
1120:Nepal
1055:Japan
1030:India
1020:Egypt
1005:China
853:A-One
679:(PDF)
654:(PDF)
643:(PDF)
467:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
296:(PDF)
285:(PDF)
250:–65.
153:Radio
47:Press
1125:Oman
1090:Laos
1045:Iraq
1040:Iran
803:LBCI
662:2013
625:2013
577:2012
547:2011
534:ISBN
513:2011
475:2013
410:2011
397:ISBN
323:ISBN
304:2013
289:IREX
265:2011
252:ISBN
161:and
129:was
1257:and
818:OTV
813:NBN
596:hdl
141:.
1331::
724:.
699:.
681:.
645:.
608:^
567:.
503:.
458:.
443:^
418:^
381:^
360:.
344:.
287:.
273:^
248:63
230:^
180:,
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757:t
750:v
734:.
709:.
685:.
664:.
627:.
602:.
598::
579:.
549:.
515:.
477:.
412:.
331:.
306:.
267:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
