42:
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1092:. Our body is equipped with sub-systems for the purpose of maintaining balance and self healing functions. Intervention without sufficient data might damage those healing sub systems. Monitoring medicine fills the gap to prevent diagnosis errors and can assist in future medical research by analyzing all
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method that compares a current test result with previous test results of the same person, and detects whether there is a substantial difference, as can be defined as a critical difference as per previous section, or defined by other pre-defined criteria. If the difference exceeds the pre-defined
726:
is 2.2%, then the critical difference is 8.1 g/L. Thus, for changes of less than 8 g/L since a previous test, the possibility that the change is completely caused by test-retest variability may need to be considered in addition to considering effects of, for example, diseases or treatments.
1168:
Bio sensors may provide warnings when stress levels signs are rising before human can notice it and provide alerts and suggestions. Deep neural network models using photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI) data from mobile cameras can assess stress levels with a high degree of accuracy
927:
criteria, the result is reported only after manual confirmation by laboratory personnel, in order to exclude a laboratory error as a cause of the difference. In order to flag samples as deviating from previously, the exact cutoff values are chosen to give a balance between
931:
and the risk of being overwhelmed by false-positive flags. This balance, in turn, depends on the different kinds of clinical situations where the cutoffs are used, and hence, different cutoffs are often used at different departments even in the same hospital.
1718:
Genz, Jutta; Haastert, Burkhard; Meyer, Gabriele; Steckelberg, Anke; MĂźller, Hardy; Verheyen, Frank; Cole, Dennis; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Nowotny, Bettina; Roden, Michael; Giani, Guido; Mielck, Andreas; Ohmann, Christian; Icks, Andrea (2010).
596:
In practice, the possibility that a difference is due to test-retest variability can almost certainly be excluded if the difference is larger than a predefined "critical difference". This "critical difference" (CD) is calculated as:
588:
When monitoring a clinical parameters, differences between test results (or values of a continuously monitored parameter after a time interval) can reflect either (or both) an actual change in the status of the condition or a
488:
Several models of multi-parameter monitors are networkable, i.e., they can send their output to a central ICU monitoring station, where a single staff member can observe and respond to several bedside monitors simultaneously.
1077:-only approach of old school medical treatment, new researches that shows the enormous damage medications can cause, researchers are working to fulfill the need for a comprehensive further study and personal continuous
394:
The translating component of medical monitors is responsible for converting the signals from the sensors to a format that can be shown on the display device or transferred to an external display or recording device.
1341:
1. Some patients will require additional monitoring: e.g. intravascular pressures, cardiac output. 2. Depth of anaesthesia monitors recommended when patients are anaesthetised with total intravenous techniques.
543:
A medical monitor can also have the function to produce an alarm (such as using audible signals) to alert the staff when certain criteria are set, such as when some parameter exceeds of falls the level limits.
1332:
1. Pulse oximeter 2. Non-invasive blood pressure monitor 3. Electrocardiograph 4. Capnograph if the patient has a tracheal tube or supraglottic airway device in situ, or is deeply sedated 5. Temperature
1534:"New decision criteria for selecting delta check methods based on the ratio of the delta difference to the width of the reference range can be generally applicable for each clinical chemistry test item"
672:
1288:
1. Clinical observation (one-to-one) 2. Pulse oximetry 3. Non-invasive blood pressure 4. ECG 5. Core temperature 6. End-tidal carbon dioxide (if tracheal tube or supraglottic airway device in situ)
3497:
327:. These allow for continuous monitoring of a patient, with medical staff being continuously informed of the changes in general condition of a patient. Some monitors can even warn of pending fatal
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can take care of the data coding according to these standards and send messages to the medical records application, which decodes them and incorporates the data into the adequate fields.
687:, in which case there is less than 5% probability that a test result would become higher or lower than the critical difference by test-retest variability in the absence of other factors.
500:
Digital monitoring has created the possibility, which is being fully developed, of integrating the physiological data from the patient monitoring networks into the emerging hospital
3542:
1901:
Kamel JT, Christensen B, Odell MS, D'Souza WJ, Cook MJ (December 2010). "Evaluating the use of prolonged video-EEG monitoring to assess future seizure risk and fitness to drive".
1304:
1. Urine output 2. Invasive pressure monitoring (arterial line, central venous pressure) 3. Cardiac output monitoring 4. Access to haematological and biochemical investigations
3527:
1407:"Assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy using circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC): the example of SERM therapy monitoring as a unique tool to individualize therapy"
552:
An entirely new scope is opened with mobile carried monitors, even such in sub-skin carriage. This class of monitors delivers information gathered in body-area networking (
2121:
572:
Monitoring of clinical parameters is primarily intended to detect changes (or absence of changes) in the clinical status of an individual. For example, the parameter of
1581:
369:(which are sometimes in themselves called "monitors"), as well as communication links for displaying or recording the results elsewhere through a monitoring network.
1324:
and vapour 4. Airway pressure 5. A nerve stimulator whenever a muscle relaxant is used 6. Temperature (pre-op) and for any procedure >30 min anaesthesia duration
516:. This newer method of charting patient data reduces the likelihood of human documentation error and will eventually reduce overall paper consumption. In addition,
3189:
2399:
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with assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm. A small monitor worn by an ambulatory patient for this purpose is known as a
3492:
41:
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2889:
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1. Pulse oximeter 2. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring 3. Electrocardiograph 4. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitor if the patient is sedated.
315:. Multimodal monitors that simultaneously measure and display the relevant vital parameters are commonly integrated into the bedside monitors in
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1988:
1961:
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Pachmann, Katharina; Camara, Oumar; Kohlhase, Annika; Rabenstein, Carola; Kroll, Torsten; Runnebaum, Ingo B.; Hoeffken, Klaus (2010-08-08).
2816:
1721:"Blood glucose testing and primary prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 - evaluation of the effect of evidence based patient information"
386:
and mechanical sensors. For example, photodiode is used in pulse oximetry, Pressure sensor used in Non
Invasive bood pressure measurement.
3108:
1016:
that emphasizes monitoring of comprehensive medical data of patients, people at risk and healthy people using advanced, smart, minimally
3532:
3343:
2926:
2322:
2307:
2247:
1944:
Karasinski, Jason; Sadik, Omowunmi; Andreescu, Silvana (2006). "Multiarray
Biosensors for Toxicity Monitoring and Bacterial Pathogens".
1017:
423:
of computed parameters on the original data, such as maximum, minimum and average values, pulse and respiratory frequencies, and so on.
3420:
3219:
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3338:
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2720:
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336:
230:
intensive care units, brain EEG monitors have a larger multichannel capability and can monitor other physiological events, as well.
965:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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can also be achieved by portable, battery-operated models which are carried by the patient and which transmit their data via a
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Critical differences for other tests include early morning urinary albumin concentration, with a critical difference of 40%.
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468:, another the ECG. Later analog models had a second or third channel displayed on the same screen, usually to monitor
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476:. These machines were widely used and saved many lives, but they had several restrictions, including sensitivity to
3410:
3272:
3184:
2196:
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1121:(FDA) approvals, therefore many of monitoring medicine solutions are not available today in conventional medicine.
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within the circulatory system. Blood pressure can be measured either invasively through an inserted blood pressure
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from The
Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Author: Brona Roberts. Copyrighted 2012
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Besides the tracings of physiological parameters along time (X axis), digital medical displays have automated
683:, is a factor dependent on the preferred probability level. Usually, it is set at 2.77, which reflects a 95%
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1. Pulse oximeter 2. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring 3. Inspired and expired oxygen, carbon dioxide,
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Al-Jebrni, Abdulrhman H.; Chwyl, Brendan; Wang, Xiao Yu; Wong, Alexander; Saab, Bechara J. (May 2020).
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1129:
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460:). Therefore, medical monitors tended to be highly specialized. One monitor would track a patient's
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The development cycle in medicine is extremely long, up to 20 years, because of the need for U.S.
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Respiratory rate monitoring through a thoracic transducer belt, an ECG channel or via capnography
129:
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Blood
Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics (Contemporary Cardiology)
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2019:
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1984:
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1883:
1862:"Using Biosensors to Detect the Release of Serotonin from Taste Buds During Taste Stimulation"
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may provide a continuous results and a computer can provide nutrition suggestions or alerts.
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561:
404:
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223:
218:. Also, there are special patient monitors which incorporate the monitoring of brain waves (
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is the observation of a disease, condition or one or several medical parameters over time.
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2407:
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438:
1860:
HUANG YJ; MARUYAMA Y; Lu, K. S.; PEREIRA E; PLONSKY I; BAUR JE; Wu, D.; ROPER SD (2005).
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devices can transmit data to a computer that can assist with daily life suggestions for
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The development of new techniques for monitoring is an advanced and developing field in
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For example, if a patient has a hemoglobin level of 100 g/L, the analytical variation (
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2031:, Daniel Tze Huei Lai (Editor), Marimuthu Palaniswami (Editor), Rezaul Begg (Editor),
1770:
Jovanov, E.; Lords, A. O.; Raskovic, D.; Cox, P. G.; Adhami, R.; Andrasik, F. (2003).
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Physiological
Monitoring and Instrument Diagnosis in Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine
1930:
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can include several of the ones mentioned above, and most commonly include at least
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can make suggestions for further study in people who are at risk and help prevent
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456:, and had one channel only, usually reserved for electrocardiographic monitoring (
445:, and multi-parameter displays that can track many different vital signs at once.
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Observation of a disease, condition or one or several medical parameters over time
1081:
of health conditions while keeping legacy medical intervention as a last resort.
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incorporates diagnostic codes automatically into the charts. Medical monitor's
17:
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1998:
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1948:. Optical Science and Engineering. Vol. 20065381. CRC. pp. 521â538.
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with integrated systems for monitoring of several vital parameters, including
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in a German hospital in 2015, with a monitoring screen displaying a graphical
35:
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1084:
In many medical problems, drugs offer temporary relief of symptoms while the
91:
Transmitting data from a monitor to a distant monitoring station is known as
2761:
2643:
2579:
1772:""Stress monitoring using a distributed wireless intelligent sensor system""
1737:
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It can be performed by continuously measuring certain parameters by using a
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The PASCAL Dynamic
Contour Tonometer. A monitor for detection of increased
2099:
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conditions before visible signs are noticeable to clinical staff, such as
3149:
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2663:
2614:
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2068:
Medical
Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (Perspectives in Nanotechnology)
1693:
The UltraMind
Solution: Fix Your Broken Brain by Healing Your Body First
197:
concentration. The respiratory rate monitored as such is called AWRR or
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226:(BIS), etc. They are usually incorporated into anesthesia machines. In
2029:
Healthcare Sensor
Networks: Challenges Toward Practical Implementation
480:, base level fluctuations and absence of numeric readouts and alarms.
2237:
2232:
1620:"Healthcare 2030: disease-free life with home monitoring nanomedince"
739:
362:
168:
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of a medical problem remains unknown without enough data of all our
508:
which have been developed for this purpose by organizations such as
2016:
1977:
Thompson, Jonathan P.; Moppett, Iain K.; Wiles, Matt, eds. (2019).
1829:"AI-enabled remote and objective quantification of stress at scale"
1600:"Delta Checks Checkup: Optimizing cutoffs with lab-specific inputs"
107:
Monitoring can be classified by the target of interest, including:
1245:
1226:
may assist with preventing and early treatment of mental disorders
1123:
1098:
1074:
900:
Unless otherwise specified, then reference for critical values is
275:
172:
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assembly, or noninvasively with an inflatable blood pressure cuff.
40:
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2339:
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769:
509:
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of the peak and/or average parameters displayed on the screen.
3498:
American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians
1346:
D. Regional techniques & sedation for operative procedures
939:
513:
457:
412:
408:
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capabilities and the growing awareness of the limitations of
1046:
and early warning tools over a short clinical interview and
1292:
Additional monitoring which should be immediately available
3462:
Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology
3309:
Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain
2731:
European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
1244:
and prevent them with changes of daily life activity like
667:{\displaystyle CD=K\times {\sqrt {CV_{a}^{2}+CV_{i}^{2}}}}
167:
which involves measurement of the saturated percentage of
3513:
Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
72:
by a bedside monitor), and/or by repeatedly performing
3543:
European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
1659:"Brain Damage Caused by Neuroleptic Psychiatric Drugs"
2362:
Critical illnessârelated corticosteroid insufficiency
1312:
Presence of the anaesthetist throughout anaesthesia
605:
53:, the heart rate and blood pressure all in real time
3528:
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
3485:
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403:Physiological data are displayed continuously on a
361:used for monitoring. It can consist of one or more
1690:
666:
1779:IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine
1266:Smart biosensors may detect toxic materials such
1411:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
504:and digital charting systems, using appropriate
419:along the time axis. They may be accompanied by
1532:Park SH, Kim SY, Lee W, Chun S, Min WK (2012).
1300:Additional monitoring which should be available
1296:1. Blood/capillary glucose 2. Nerve stimulator
719:) is 1.8% and the intra-individual variability
34:Display device of a medical monitor as used in
1980:Smith and Aitkenhead's textbook of anaesthesia
2810:
2115:
452:patient displays, in contrast, were based on
8:
3190:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
1605:American Association for Clinical Chemistry
1580:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
433:Modern medical display devices commonly use
1316:A. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia
3493:American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
2817:
2803:
2795:
2214:
2122:
2108:
2100:
576:is usually monitored to detect changes in
175:, referred to as SpO2, and measured by an
3538:International Anesthesia Research Society
3145:ASA physical status classification system
1983:(Seventh ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
1877:
1844:
1746:
1736:
1673:"Medications That Can Cause Nerve Damage"
1557:
1496:
1438:
981:Learn how and when to remove this message
656:
651:
635:
630:
621:
604:
527:Long-distance connectivity can avail for
2890:Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
1833:Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
1684:
1682:
729:
584:Change in status versus test variability
68:(for example, by continuously measuring
29:
3523:Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
1397:
116:, which generally refers to continuous
1636:. Technologyreview.com. Archived from
1593:
1591:
1573:
568:Interpretation of monitored parameters
124:. Cardiac monitoring can also involve
3503:American Society of Anesthesiologists
1190:Continuous blood test based nutrition
1065:advances, realizing the human body's
7:
3508:Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care
2610:Recombinant activated protein C
2057:, Yves W. Brans, William W. Hay Jr,
1634:"Nanosensors for Medical Monitoring"
382:Sensors of medical monitors include
3533:Australian Society of Anaesthetists
3441:Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)
3344:Postoperative residual curarization
2323:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
2308:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
2248:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1471:Fraser, C. G.; Fogarty, Y. (1989).
437:(DSP), which has the advantages of
3421:Operating department practitioners
1520:Câreactive protein (serum, plasma)
264:Cancer therapy monitoring through
222:), gas anesthetic concentrations,
103:Classification by target parameter
25:
3431:Certified anesthesia technologist
3339:Postoperative nausea and vomiting
2854:Procedural sedation and analgesia
2721:Society of Critical Care Medicine
2418:Ventilator-associated lung injury
1473:"Interpreting laboratory results"
337:premature ventricular contraction
3565:
3556:
3555:
2972:Transverse abdominis plane block
2087:
944:
3566:
3472:History of neuraxial anesthesia
3426:Certified anesthesia technician
3248:Double-lumen endobronchial tube
3109:Bloodâgas partition coefficient
2942:Intravenous regional anesthesia
2423:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
2356:Critical illness polyneuropathy
1866:Archives Italiennes de Biologie
1598:Thomas Kampfrath (2017-08-01).
1279:Minimum standards of monitoring
3518:Royal College of Anaesthetists
3477:History of tracheal intubation
3124:Minimum alveolar concentration
3061:Anesthesia provision in the US
1661:. Mindfreedom.org. 2007-09-15.
1238:long-term video-EEG monitoring
731:Critical differences for some
531:, which involves provision of
464:, while another would measure
1:
3467:History of general anesthesia
2979:Total intravenous anaesthesia
2927:Inferior alveolar nerve block
2873:Continuous wound infiltration
2202:Geriatric intensive-care unit
2185:Pediatric intensive care unit
1689:Hyman, Mark (December 2008).
1284:Minimum acceptable monitoring
580:capability of an individual.
189:measurements, referred to as
3030:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
2605:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
2548:Nutritional supplementation
2179:Neonatal intensive care unit
1375:Nanoelectromechanical system
1328:B. Recovery from anaesthesia
1119:Food and Drug Administration
918:In a clinical laboratory, a
707:intra-individual variability
518:automated ECG interpretation
3365:Critical emergency medicine
2705:Water-electrolyte imbalance
2539:Early goal-directed therapy
1915:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.026
1477:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
1214:In clinical brain sciences
1179:biosensors may assist with
696:is the analytical variation
128:monitoring via an invasive
3623:
3411:Anesthesiologist assistant
3273:Relative analgesia machine
2557:Total parenteral nutrition
2490:Life-supporting treatments
2197:Critical illness insurance
1954:10.1201/9781420019506.ch19
1946:Smart Biosensor Technology
1846:10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101929
924:laboratory quality control
3551:
3319:Local anesthetic toxicity
2726:Surviving Sepsis Campaign
2522:Ventricular assist device
2517:Intra-aortic balloon pump
2468:Pulmonary artery catheter
2137:
2018:, Scott D. Kelley, M.D.,
1791:10.1109/MEMB.2003.1213626
1550:10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.345
1489:10.1136/bmj.298.6689.1659
1423:10.1007/s00432-010-0942-4
1113:Examples and applications
936:Techniques in development
898:
435:digital signal processing
365:, processing components,
3334:Postanesthetic shivering
3200:Neuromuscular monitoring
3091:Rapid sequence induction
3020:Inhalational anesthetics
1337:C. Additional monitoring
1195:evidence-based nutrition
1160:diabetes mellitus type 2
1144:blood glucose monitoring
1137:Blood glucose monitoring
830:Carcinoembryonic antigen
502:electronic health record
235:Blood glucose monitoring
78:blood glucose monitoring
3602:Intensive care medicine
3385:Oral sedation dentistry
3375:Intensive care medicine
3329:Perioperative mortality
3185:Guedel's classification
2932:Intercostal nerve block
2620:Stress ulcer prevention
2564:Therapeutic hypothermia
2463:Central venous catheter
2131:Intensive care medicine
1738:10.1186/1471-2458-10-15
1622:. Positivefuturist.com.
1386:Wireless ambulatory ECG
953:Some of this article's
591:test-retest variability
478:electrical interference
266:circulating tumor cells
211:Neurological monitoring
199:airway respiratory rate
3436:Anaesthetic technician
3324:Malignant hyperthermia
2695:Level of consciousness
2502:mechanical ventilation
2400:Methicillin-resistant
1236:, next generations of
1211:Psychiatrist-on-a-chip
1133:
1109:
668:
307:, and preferably also
292:
220:electroencephalography
158:Respiratory monitoring
54:
38:
3258:Laryngeal mask airway
3102:Scientific principles
3071:Dogliotti's principle
2947:Occipital nerve block
2912:Brachial plexus block
2402:Staphylococcus aureus
1127:
1102:
669:
506:health care standards
390:Translating component
355:physiological monitor
279:
242:Childbirth monitoring
216:intracranial pressure
141:, which monitors the
44:
33:
3304:Drug-induced amnesia
3299:Anesthesia awareness
3233:Anesthetic vaporizer
3210:Thyromental distance
3114:Concentration effect
2988:Pharmacologic agents
2957:Pudendal nerve block
2377:Stress hyperglycemia
2218:Organ system failure
2152:Medical specialities
2096:at Wikimedia Commons
2070:, Harry F. Tibbals,
2044:, William B. White,
1308:Essential Monitoring
1130:intraocular pressure
1071:medical intervention
1003:alternative medicine
999:integrative medicine
603:
593:of the test method.
533:clinical health care
491:Ambulatory telemetry
3228:Anaesthetic machine
3086:Tracheal intubation
3076:Intravenous therapy
3015:General anesthetics
2967:Sciatic nerve block
2922:Femoral nerve block
2917:Fascia iliaca block
2895:Epidural anesthesia
2861:Twilight anesthesia
2740:Related specialties
2700:Acidâbase imbalance
2636:ICU scoring systems
2507:Tracheal intubation
2318:Respiratory failure
2313:Acute liver failure
2303:Acute renal failure
2173:Intensive care unit
2157:Respiratory therapy
1483:(6689): 1659â1660.
1381:Functional medicine
1274:and provide alerts.
1263:Toxicity monitoring
1229:Epilepsy monitoring
1172:Serotonin biosensor
1079:clinical monitoring
1055:biomedical research
1014:predictive medicine
1010:preventive medicine
997:, biomedical-aided
850:Glycated hemoglobin
735:
685:prediction interval
661:
640:
484:Communication links
333:atrial fibrillation
321:anesthetic machines
317:critical care units
185:, which involves CO
118:electrocardiography
47:intensive care unit
3592:Medical monitoring
3314:Emergence delirium
3294:Allergic reactions
3170:Entropy monitoring
2952:Paracervical block
2937:Interpleural block
2900:Spinal anaesthesia
2885:Neuraxial blockade
2649:Glasgow Coma Scale
2600:Intravenous fluids
2480:Screening cultures
2448:Arterial blood gas
2413:Refeeding syndrome
2330:Neonatal infection
2291:Vasodilatory shock
2266:Distributive shock
2191:Coronary care unit
2094:Medical monitoring
1785:(3). IEEE: 49â55.
1204:that can run 24/7
1134:
1110:
1096:of many patients.
1090:biological systems
1021:biomedical devices
840:C-reactive protein
730:
664:
647:
626:
421:numerical readouts
293:
282:anesthetic machine
130:Swan-Ganz catheter
113:Cardiac monitoring
55:
39:
3579:
3578:
3416:Nurse anesthetist
3243:Bronchial blocker
3238:Arterial catheter
3129:Second gas effect
3056:Airway management
3025:Local anesthetics
2962:Retrobulbar block
2792:
2791:
2752:Internal medicine
2498:Airway management
2436:
2435:
2276:Obstructive shock
2261:Cardiogenic shock
2092:Media related to
2076:978-1-4398-0874-0
2063:978-0-521-41951-2
2050:978-0-89603-840-0
2037:978-1-4398-2181-7
2024:978-0-9740696-0-9
1990:978-0-7020-7500-1
1963:978-0-8493-3759-8
1725:BMC Public Health
1704:978-1-4165-4971-0
1675:. Livestrong.com.
1360:Medical equipment
1242:epileptic seizure
1193:In the field of
1165:Stress monitoring
1107:Capsule endoscopy
1048:drug prescription
1044:medical diagnosis
991:
990:
983:
908:
907:
904:
662:
574:oxygen saturation
562:autonomous agents
548:Mobile appliances
522:embedded software
497:data connection.
86:diabetes mellitus
51:electrocardiogram
16:(Redirected from
3614:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3406:Anesthesiologist
3195:Mallampati score
3155:Bispectral index
2995:Anticholinergics
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2513:Cardiac devices
2367:Decubitus ulcers
2281:Neurogenic shock
2215:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2091:
2003:
2002:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1809:. Archived from
1776:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1669:
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1662:
1655:
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1648:
1646:
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1630:
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1616:
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1609:
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1561:
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1523:
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1511:
1510:
1500:
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940:
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673:
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670:
665:
663:
660:
655:
639:
634:
622:
560:and implemented
539:Other components
428:numeric readouts
313:respiratory rate
297:vital parameters
272:Vital parameters
249:Body temperature
224:bispectral index
45:A patient of an
21:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3547:
3481:
3445:
3394:
3348:
3282:
3214:
3160:Body mass index
3133:
3097:
3044:
3010:Benzodiazepines
2983:
2832:
2823:
2793:
2788:
2735:
2709:
2673:
2630:
2590:Antithrombotics
2568:
2552:Enteral feeding
2534:Kidney dialysis
2484:
2432:
2408:Oxygen toxicity
2386:
2344:
2206:
2161:
2133:
2128:
2084:
2012:
2010:Further reading
2007:
2006:
1991:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1943:
1942:
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1899:
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1859:
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1632:
1631:
1627:
1618:
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1470:
1469:
1456:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1356:
1310:
1281:
1115:
1039:) and advanced
1031:(in the future
987:
976:
970:
967:
964:
949:
938:
916:
810:Fasting glucose
724:
717:
703:
694:
601:
600:
586:
570:
550:
541:
535:at a distance.
486:
439:miniaturization
401:
392:
380:
375:
367:display devices
351:medical monitor
347:
345:Medical monitor
325:operating rooms
274:
188:
105:
84:in people with
66:medical monitor
28:
23:
22:
18:Medical monitor
15:
12:
11:
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3604:
3599:
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3400:
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3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:Cardiothoracic
3356:
3354:
3353:Subspecialties
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Magill forceps
3265:
3263:Laryngeal tube
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Fick principle
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
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3099:
3098:
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3095:
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3046:
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3007:
3005:Butyrophenones
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2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
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2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
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2875:
2865:
2864:
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2858:
2857:
2856:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2830:anesthesiology
2824:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2747:Anesthesiology
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
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2692:
2687:
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2666:
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2646:
2644:APACHE II
2640:
2638:
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2629:
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2602:
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2519:
2511:
2510:
2509:
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2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:Blood cultures
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2444:
2442:
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2273:
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2258:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:Shock sequence
2221:
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2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
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2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2167:
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2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:Health science
2138:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2083:
2082:External links
2080:
2079:
2078:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1989:
1969:
1962:
1936:
1903:Epilepsy Behav
1893:
1852:
1819:
1816:on 2020-07-30.
1762:
1710:
1703:
1678:
1664:
1650:
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1611:
1587:
1524:
1512:
1454:
1417:(5): 821â828.
1396:
1395:
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1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1370:MECIF Protocol
1367:
1362:
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1306:
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1276:
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1230:
1227:
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1191:
1188:
1183:disorders and
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1154:and with the
1138:
1114:
1111:
1059:nanotechnology
995:smart medicine
989:
988:
955:listed sources
952:
950:
943:
937:
934:
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569:
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549:
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540:
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485:
482:
474:blood pressure
472:movements and
466:pulse oximetry
462:blood pressure
400:
399:Display device
397:
391:
388:
379:
376:
374:
371:
359:medical device
346:
343:
309:pulse oximetry
301:blood pressure
295:Monitoring of
286:blood pressure
273:
270:
269:
268:
262:
259:thermoelectric
245:
238:
231:
207:
206:
205:
202:
195:carbon dioxide
186:
180:
165:Pulse oximetry
154:
143:blood pressure
133:
126:cardiac output
122:Holter monitor
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
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3486:Organizations
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3391:
3390:Pain medicine
3388:
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3300:
3297:
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3291:
3289:
3287:Complications
3285:
3279:
3278:Tracheal tube
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
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3251:
3249:
3246:
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3206:
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3180:Goldman index
3178:
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3166:
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2714:Organisations
2712:
2706:
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2693:
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2664:SAPS III
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2657:
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2652:
2650:
2647:
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2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Arterial line
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:Complications
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Organ failure
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Severe sepsis
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:General terms
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:(4): 608â11.
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1640:on 2012-01-31
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:(5): 345â54.
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
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1432:
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1412:
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1401:
1398:
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1387:
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1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
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1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:nitrous oxide
1318:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:drug delivery
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1199:lab-on-a-chip
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:Given Imaging
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:nutrigenomics
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:devices like
1034:
1030:
1029:lab-on-a-chip
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:self-tailored
1004:
1000:
996:
985:
982:
974:
962:
961:
956:
951:
947:
942:
941:
935:
933:
930:
925:
921:
913:
911:
903:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
728:
725:
718:
708:
704:
698:
695:
689:
686:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
657:
652:
648:
644:
641:
636:
631:
627:
623:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
598:
594:
592:
583:
581:
579:
575:
567:
565:
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559:
555:
547:
545:
538:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:oscilloscopes
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:data channels
414:
410:
406:
398:
396:
389:
387:
385:
377:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
291:
287:
283:
278:
271:
267:
263:
260:
257:containing a
256:
252:
250:
246:
244:
243:
239:
237:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:, such as of
213:
212:
208:
203:
200:
196:
193:or end-tidal
192:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
162:
160:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
108:
102:
100:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:glucose meter
79:
75:
74:medical tests
71:
67:
62:
60:
57:In medicine,
52:
48:
43:
37:
32:
19:
3597:Nanomedicine
3253:Gas cylinder
3138:Measurements
3081:Laryngoscopy
3066:Bronchoscopy
2784:Traumatology
2685:Hemodynamics
2659:SAPS II
2626:Vasopressors
2544:Induced coma
2401:
2392:Iatrogenesis
2382:Stress ulcer
2286:Spinal shock
2243:Septic shock
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
1979:
1972:
1945:
1939:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1872:(2): 87â96.
1869:
1865:
1855:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1811:the original
1782:
1778:
1765:
1728:
1724:
1713:
1697:. Scribner.
1692:
1667:
1653:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:the original
1628:
1614:
1603:
1576:cite journal
1541:
1537:
1527:
1515:
1480:
1476:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1365:Medical test
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1240:may predict
1218:and in vivo
1116:
1083:
1073:by chemical
1067:self-healing
1052:
1041:computerized
1033:nanomedicine
992:
977:
971:October 2011
968:
957:
919:
917:
909:
901:
870:Erythrocytes
720:
713:
711:
699:
690:
680:
675:
599:
595:
587:
571:
558:smart phones
551:
542:
529:telemedicine
526:
499:
487:
447:
432:
425:
402:
393:
381:
354:
350:
348:
341:
294:
255:adhesive pad
247:
240:
233:
228:neurosurgery
209:
156:
135:
111:
106:
97:biotelemetry
90:
65:
63:
58:
56:
3457:ACE mixture
3399:Professions
3220:Instruments
3165:Capnography
3119:Fink effect
3000:Antiemetics
2907:Nerve block
2767:Pulmonology
2690:Hypotension
2585:Antibiotics
2428:Dialytrauma
2271:Anaphylaxis
1538:Ann Lab Med
1260:management.
1206:blood tests
958:may not be
929:sensitivity
920:delta check
914:Delta check
902:Fraser 1989
733:blood tests
578:respiratory
470:respiration
443:portability
261:transducer.
253:through an
183:Capnography
179:finger cuff
161:, such as:
137:Hemodynamic
70:vital signs
3607:Anesthesia
3586:Categories
3205:Pain scale
3049:Techniques
2826:Anesthesia
2774:Pediatrics
2757:Cardiology
2678:Physiology
2580:Analgesics
2529:Chest tube
2358:/ myopathy
2335:Polytrauma
2211:Conditions
1999:1091648161
1839:: 101929.
1644:2011-08-22
1392:References
1224:biosensors
1185:depression
1037:nanorobots
1025:biosensors
880:Leukocytes
860:Hemoglobin
780:Creatinine
556:) to e.g.
415:screen as
384:biosensors
373:Components
319:, and the
305:heart rate
290:heart rate
251:monitoring
151:transducer
147:blood flow
139:monitoring
59:monitoring
36:anesthesia
3380:Obstetric
3370:Geriatric
3040:Sedatives
2762:Neurology
2615:Sedatives
2595:Inotropes
2441:Diagnosis
1431:0171-5216
1254:nutrition
1177:serotonin
1156:physician
1152:nutrition
1148:lifestyle
890:Platelets
750:Potassium
676:, where:
619:×
93:telemetry
76:(such as
3561:Category
3150:Baricity
2849:Sedation
2453:Catheter
2372:Fungemia
2147:Medicine
1931:44834010
1923:21035403
1888:16106989
1799:12845819
1757:20074337
1568:22950070
1449:20694797
1354:See also
1234:epilepsy
1220:Bio-MEMS
1018:invasive
960:reliable
760:Chloride
495:wireless
177:infrared
3571:Outline
3450:History
3035:Opioids
2878:Topical
2844:General
2779:Surgery
1879:3712826
1748:2819991
1559:3427822
1507:2503170
1498:1836738
1440:3074080
1268:mercury
1202:implant
1175:Future
1141:In vivo
820:Amylase
800:Albumin
790:Calcium
705:is the
363:sensors
339:(PVC).
329:cardiac
171:in the
80:with a
2254:Other
2233:Sepsis
2187:(PICU)
2181:(NICU)
2074:
2061:
2048:
2035:
2022:
1997:
1987:
1960:
1929:
1921:
1886:
1876:
1807:902182
1805:
1797:
1755:
1745:
1731:: 15.
1701:
1566:
1556:
1505:
1495:
1447:
1437:
1429:
1377:(NEMS)
1250:stress
1222:based
1169:(86%).
740:Sodium
450:analog
378:Sensor
169:oxygen
2868:Local
2837:Types
2622:drugs
2573:Drugs
2256:shock
2193:(CCU)
2175:(ICU)
1927:S2CID
1814:(PDF)
1803:S2CID
1775:(PDF)
1246:sleep
1075:drugs
922:is a
357:is a
191:EtCO2
173:blood
2828:and
2669:SOFA
2654:PIM2
2500:and
2340:Coma
2228:SIRS
2072:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1995:OCLC
1985:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1919:PMID
1884:PMID
1795:PMID
1753:PMID
1699:ISBN
1582:link
1564:PMID
1503:PMID
1445:PMID
1427:ISSN
1272:lead
1270:and
1258:mood
1256:and
1197:, a
1181:mood
1094:data
1086:root
1061:and
1012:and
894:25%
884:32%
874:10%
854:21%
844:43%
834:69%
824:30%
814:15%
784:14%
774:30%
770:Urea
754:14%
512:and
510:IEEE
448:Old
311:and
303:and
288:and
145:and
1950:doi
1911:doi
1874:PMC
1870:143
1841:doi
1787:doi
1743:PMC
1733:doi
1554:PMC
1546:doi
1493:PMC
1485:doi
1481:298
1435:PMC
1419:doi
1415:137
1232:In
1150:or
1053:As
1001:,
864:8%
804:8%
794:5%
764:4%
744:3%
554:BAN
514:HL7
458:ECG
413:LCD
411:or
409:LED
405:CRT
353:or
335:or
323:in
280:An
95:or
88:).
3588::
1993:.
1956:.
1925:.
1917:.
1907:19
1905:.
1882:.
1868:.
1864:.
1837:59
1835:.
1831:.
1801:.
1793:.
1783:22
1781:.
1777:.
1751:.
1741:.
1729:10
1727:.
1723:.
1681:^
1602:.
1590:^
1578:}}
1574:{{
1562:.
1552:.
1542:32
1540:.
1536:.
1501:.
1491:.
1479:.
1475:.
1457:^
1443:.
1433:.
1425:.
1413:.
1409:.
1252:,
1248:,
1057:,
1050:.
1027:,
1023:,
1005:,
721:CV
714:CV
700:CV
691:CV
564:.
441:,
407:,
349:A
99:.
2818:e
2811:t
2804:v
2123:e
2116:t
2109:v
2001:.
1966:.
1952::
1933:.
1913::
1890:.
1849:.
1843::
1789::
1759:.
1735::
1707:.
1647:.
1608:.
1584:)
1570:.
1548::
1509:.
1487::
1451:.
1421::
1187:.
1162:.
1132:.
984:)
978:(
973:)
969:(
963:.
723:i
716:a
702:i
693:a
681:K
658:2
653:i
649:V
645:C
642:+
637:2
632:a
628:V
624:C
616:K
613:=
610:D
607:C
201:)
187:2
132:.
20:)
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