390:) with a straight path despite a variable topography; it probably does take the form of a broad dislocation rather than of a plane and its expression varies depending on the substrate rock. Underground, the fault may be over 100 kilometers (62 mi) long. It dips first northeastward but deeper it becomes either vertical or down-to-the-southwest, but certainly steep at depth. One interpretation is that the Meers fault is a "back-thrust" that dips northwards. Unlike many other faults, there is no evidence of segmentation in the Meers fault.
631:, with the terrain north of the fault being shifted upwards and leftwards relative to the terrain to its south; this latter movement and the position of the Meers fault are consistent with the tectonic stress pattern of North America which favours movement along the Meers fault unless one assumes a rotation of stress patterns in the South Oklahoma Aulacogen. The ratio of the horizontal to vertical motion is about 1.3–1.5 or about 2:1 although the amount of horizontal movement on the fault is controversial.
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faults. Assessing the hazard potential for the Meers fault suffers from similar problems but it is considered the largest seismic hazard source of the central United States as it has the potential to cause large earthquakes and earthquakes in the central United States usually affect much larger regions than those of the western United States. In particular, it indicates that the
612:
northwestern end of the Meers fault where it splays out. The possibility that faulting continued for another 30 kilometers (19 mi) along its northwestern end is equivocal with some evidence indicating that recent faulting was limited to
Comanche County; research published in 2019 indicates that the northwestern segment did not move during the 1,200
522:
and possibly a second fault are linked with the Meers fault, which is the only fault in the
Wichita fault system with Holocene activity. A link to the Willow fault farther west has been proposed, which would prolong the fault system to 180 kilometres (110 mi) length and significantly increase
715:
hazards in the central and eastern United States is made hard by the scarcity of geological evidence of seismicity, the long timespans between earthquakes and the shortness of the historical record thereof. In addition, earthquakes are often only weakly correlated to geological structures such as
498:
structures in the region. Other faults in the area are the Blue Creek Canyon fault which is connected to the Meers fault at its northwestern end, the
Broxton Fault Complex northeast and the Mountain View fault to the north which intersects with and is also connected to the Meers fault. Additional
409:
part of the fault and continues southeastwards in the form of more subtle scarps although it may not exactly coincide with the path of the fault. Because the scarp is not present along the entire length of the fault, it is subdivided in a southeastern section in
Comanche County and a northwestern
611:
The Meers fault is the only fault on
Oklahoma which has generated a rupture on the surface, resulting in about 5 meters (16 ft) of vertical offset over a 43 kilometers (27 mi) long distance. It is possible that the fault rupture was limited by geological structures that occur at the
781:
1983. The discovery of
Holocene activity at the Meers fault was a surprise to scientists and attracted the attention of geologists after two publications in 1983 highlighted the young movements on this fault. The Meers fault is the best researched fault east of
703:
there is evidence of recent seismic and fault activity which may be part of a larger seismic zone. The activity of the Meers fault and other seismicity has been related to a continent-spanning fault zone and there might be a relation to the
Brevard Zone in
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is not free of earthquakes and that the absence of recent seismicity does not rule out the presence of active faults. Other regional faults such as the
Washita Valley fault which runs parallel to the Meers fault may also be capable of causing earthquakes.
603:
on soil in trenches dug in the fault scarp and of offset alluvium deposits. Additional faulting appears to have occurred over 12,000 years ago, but evidence thereof was partly eroded away during a time of a wetter climate and prior to the
2514:
Wheeler, Russell L; Crone, Anthony J (1 April 2003). "Reply to comment on evaluation of Meers fault, Oklahoma in "Known and suggested
Quaternary faulting in the midcontinent United States" by Russell L. Wheeler and Anthony J. Crone".
670:
in 1998 is close to the southeastern end of the Meers fault. Likewise, seismicity is scarce in the wider region and photographic analysis has shown little evidence of recent fault movement in other faults of the
Wichita fault system.
2292:"Neotectonic and Paleoseismic Analysis of the Northwest Extent of Holocene Surface Deformation along the Meers Fault, OklahomaNeotectonic and Paleoseismic Analysis of the Northwest Extent of Holocene Surface Deformation"
598:
in the last 6,000 years. One of which occurred 1,100–1,300 years ago and the other 2,000–2,900 years ago; two others were dated to 4,700–3,110 and 5,960–4,740 years before present. The dates have been obtained through
740:
states that the Meers fault has a recurrence interval of 4,500 years but estimates range from 100,000 years to 1,300 years. The fault may generate strong earthquakes in the future; earthquakes with magnitudes
432:
can be observed. The erosion/sedimentation patterns and the path of drainages such as Canyon Creek may have been influenced by movement along the fault, and topographic ridges are offset. Finally
1975:
Keller, G. R.; Holland, A. A.; Luza, K.; Oldow, J. S.; Crain, K. (1 December 2011). "The Meers Fault in Southern Oklahoma: Holocene Movements on a Fault with Pennsylvanian and Cambrian Linages".
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the fault might have been inactive for 100,000–130,000 years. The slip rate has been estimated to be 0.02 millimeters per year (0.00079 in/year), which is typical for intraplate faults.
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and one of six faults east of the Rocky Mountains that appear in the USA national seismic hazard models. Research published in 2019 has found that it is longer than believed until then.
506:
to the north and the Amarillo-Wichita uplift to the south and separates the two. The fault system, which also includes the Meers fault as its southern margin, was active during the
1406:
Behm, M.; Cullen, A.; Wallace, A.; Cheng, F.; Ratre, P.; Patterson, A. (1 December 2018). "Integrated seismic and electrical resistivity imaging of the Meers fault (Oklahoma)".
582:
have been offset, indicating fault movement during this time. Recent research has suggested that the whole fault may be of Quaternary age with little activity during the
745: 7.5–8 might be possible on the Meers fault and an earthquake similar to the Holocene ones would be felt over large parts of the continent, including Oklahoma and
2577:
478:
studies. The nature of the surrounding rocks also influences the expression of the Meers fault, as it has a more pronounced scarp in erosion-resistant rock units.
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and of the Amarillo-Wichita uplift; in southwestern Oklahoma they are rare and of moderate intensity. In the wider area around the Meers fault such as in the
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were offset along it by about 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) and the Meers Valley formed along the fault. More fault movements occurred in the Permian and the
2885:
3009:
2345:
Jones-Cecil, Meridee (1 January 1995). "Structural controls of Holocene reactivation of the Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma, from magnetic studies".
1792:"THE BREVARD ZONE IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA AND THE MEERS FAULT OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA: CONJUGATE WRENCH FAULTS FORMED UNDER CONTRASTING TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS"
616:
earthquake but was active in the 3,400–2,900 BP event. The underground rupture on the other hand might reach a length of 70 kilometers (43 mi).
586:. During the history of the fault considerable uplift took place on its southern side while the recent movement has generated an opposite movement.
2473:
Thompson Jobe, Jessica; Hatem, Alexandra; Gold, Ryan; DuRoss, Christopher; Reitman, Nadine; Briggs, Richard; Collett, Camille (1 November 2022).
2401:
Luza, Kenneth V.; Crone, Anthony J. (1 January 1990). "Style and timing of Holocene surface faulting on the Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma".
2109:
Chase, Brandon F.; Kolawole, Folarin; Atekwana, Estella A.; Carpenter, Brett M.; Turko, Molly; Abdelsalam, Mohamed; Finn, Carol (24 June 2022).
2643:
1908:
Madole, Richard F. (1 March 1988). "Stratigraphic evidence of Holocene faulting in the mid-continent: The Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma".
2447:
Ramelli, Alan R.; Slemmons, D. Burton (1990), "Chapter 4: Implications of the Meers fault on seismic potential in the central United States",
2475:"Revised Earthquake Geology Inputs for the Central and Eastern United States and Southeast Canada for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model"
3068:
32:
2035:
Cetin, Hasan (5 September 1997). "How did the Meers fault scarp form? Paleoearthquake or aseismic creep?: A soil mechanical perspective".
440:
faulting has mainly led to warping, instead of brittle displacements and in several sites evidence of faulting appears to be concealed by
2570:
1011:
754:
2969:
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found close to the fault trace show evidence of fast movement. In general, the movement direction of the Meers fault is contentious.
514:, generating a total offset of about 12 kilometers (7.5 mi). The development of the Meers fault may have been influenced by the
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2464:
2262:
1724:
628:
2844:
2110:
3020:
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as there is little evidence of strong ground shaking in the area as well as evidence against strong ground motion although the
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2291:
2954:
2563:
2111:"The 180-km-long Meers-Willow Fault System in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen: A potential U.S. mid-continent seismic hazard"
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78:
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3015:
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71:
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but the fault extends beyond the ends of this scarp. The Meers fault is part of a group of faults that lie between the
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2619:
688:
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The Meers Fault runs along the northern side of Meers Valley through Comanche County and Kiowa County and close to
188:
2875:
368:
360:
352:
269:
2422:
2366:
1929:
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2021:"Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of the Meers Fault, Southwestern Oklahoma: Modeling and Uncertainties"
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in the 1930s–1940s and is named after the town of Meers; previously it was known as the "Thomas fault" after a
344:
155:
2197:
Donovan, R. Nowell; Gilbert, M. Charles; Luza, Kenneth V.; Marchini, David; Sanderson, David (October 1983).
2921:
2803:
2690:
2442:. Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
2290:
Hornsby, Kristofer T.; Streig, Ashley R.; Bennett, Scott E. K.; Chang, Jefferson C.; Mahan, Shannon (2019).
583:
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and formed the fault scarp, with one earthquake occurring less than 2,000 years ago. There is currently no
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folding, vegetation and landform variations have also been recognized on the Meers fault. In some rock
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1984:
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A conspicuous 5-meter (16 ft) high and 26-kilometer (16 mi)–22-kilometer (14 mi) long
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2242:
2178:"My Favorite Outcrop(s): An Imposter Exposed? A Meers Fault Outcrop in the Slick Hills of Oklahoma"
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All these faults lie in the area of the Frontal Wichita fault system, which is located between the
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section in Kiowa County, with only the southeastern section featuring a scarp. The scarp marks the
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2649:
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2130:
2072:
Cetin, Hasan (15 July 1998). "Near-surface folding along an active fault: seismic or aseismic?".
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fault scarp before Holocene activity was discovered and made known by Gilbert 1983 and Donovan
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named George Thomas Ranch and then as the "Meers Valley fault". The scarp was described as a
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2144:"A petrographic study of igneous rock from three drill holes near the Meers Fault, Oklahoma"
2122:
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1925:
917:
898:"A Robust Estimation of the 3-D Intraplate Deformation of the North American Plate From GPS"
667:
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to the northeast. The igneous rocks belong to the Amarillo-Wichita uplift and are much more
336:
203:
147:
2384:"Investigation of the Meers fault in southwestern Oklahoma (NUREG/CR--4937). United States"
2247:
Centennial Field Guide Volume 4: South-Central Section of the Geological Society of America
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2020:
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The Meers fault presently is largely aseismic, with no earthquakes recorded along its
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but its maximum activity took place during the Mississippian and Permian when the
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2165:"Seismic Risk of the Meers Fault, SW Oklahoma: A Hoary Giant or Great Imposter?"
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in an east-southeast to north-northwest direction. Towns close to the fault are
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faults in the region are the Cement, the Cordell and the Duncan-Criner faults.
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2440:"The Meers Fault: tectonic activity in southwestern Oklahoma. Washington, DC"
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2199:"Possible Quaternary movement on the Meers Fault Southwestern Oklahoma"
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Reconstructions of the intensity of the Holocene earthquakes indicates
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241:
272:. It is marked by a 22–26 kilometers (14–16 mi) long conspicuous
2456:
2219:"The Slick Hills of Southwestern Oklahoma-Fragments of an aulacogen?"
2155:
2126:
295:, movement possibly accompanied by earthquakes took place during the
896:
Kreemer, Corné; Hammond, William C.; Blewitt, Geoffrey (May 2018).
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rock formations in the area that could allow an estimation of post-
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than the carbonates; this has been used to trace the fault with
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boundaries and other tectonically active areas. Earthquakes in
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is located on private land; the southeastern part runs through
2451:, vol. 8, Geological Society of America, pp. 59–76,
2249:, vol. 4, Geological Society of America, pp. 79–82,
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Alternatively, the fault movement could have occurred through
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1033:
319:
Map of faults in Oklahoma, with the Wichita Fault highlighted
2001:
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1140:
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1128:
1066:
1064:
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1060:
2438:
Ramelli, A. R.; Brocoum, S. John.; Slemmons, D. B. (1987).
2423:
10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0001:SATOHS>2.3.CO;2
2367:
10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0098:SCOHRO>2.3.CO;2
1930:
10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0392:SEOHFI>2.3.CO;2
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
1883:
1393:
1158:
970:
1589:
1432:
1018:. Quaternary fault and fold database of the United States
679:
The region is part of the stable continent and away from
474:
although the igneous rocks also reduce its visibility in
2277:
Gilbert, M.C. (1985). "Abstracts, 80th Annual Meeting".
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1113:
1111:
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and has been called the "finest" such scarp east of the
1469:
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1350:
1012:"Fault number 1031b, Meers fault, southeastern section"
803:
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1183:
1181:
1179:
982:
531:
The Meers fault has been in existence for most of the
379:
and the northwestern part runs through hilly terrain.
490:
Geological cross section across the Wichita Mountains
2992:
2940:
2909:
2868:
2837:
2781:
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2734:
2683:
2598:
428:In low sun-angle photography additional scarps and
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225:
217:
212:
202:
194:
184:
170:
165:
135:
127:
109:
70:
62:
52:
21:
2019:Baker, Emma M.; Holland, Austin A. (16 May 2013).
414:section of the fault. The Meers fault is the only
2296:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1950:
1895:
1835:
1808:
1754:
1690:
1661:
1601:
1536:
1271:
1259:
1199:
1094:
880:
2322:Structural Styles in the Southern Midcontinent
2243:"The Meers fault scarp, southwestern Oklahoma"
749:, with intensities comparable to these of the
2571:
2382:Luza, K.V.; Madole, R.F.; Crone, A.J (1987).
891:
889:
8:
1820:
1577:
1553:
1381:
1170:
1070:
902:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
868:
594:Two to four earthquakes occurred during the
494:The Meers fault is among the most prominent
1565:
1298:
1283:
1146:
1051:
844:
16:Geological fault in Oklahoma, United States
2738:
2578:
2564:
2556:
1719:. University of Texas Press. p. 237.
663:
2319:Johnson, Kenneth Sutherland, ed. (1995).
1859:
1847:
1715:Frohlich, Cliff; Davis, Scott D. (2002).
1524:
1341:
955:
921:
2960:Middleton Place–Summerville Seismic Zone
2228:. Oklahoma Geological Survey Guidebook.
1962:
1871:
1778:
1766:
1673:
1512:
1473:
1329:
1317:
1211:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
936:
819:
807:
795:
728:Earthquake hazard map published in 2014
687:have been observed in the areas of the
627: 6.75–7.25 with possibly similar
2886:Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system
2644:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
1702:
1637:
1485:
1223:
1187:
1119:
1082:
856:
287:While the fault was active during the
18:
3010:Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
1649:
1625:
1358:
1247:
1235:
386:(at first it was interpreted to be a
303:on the fault but it is considered an
7:
1740:Ramelli, Brocoum & Slemmons 1987
983:Ramelli, Brocoum & Slemmons 1987
3074:Seismic faults of the United States
39:
2970:Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone
14:
2668:Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone
675:Seismological context and threats
2845:Independence Valley fault system
2217:Donovan, R. Nowell, ed. (1986).
2212:(5). Oklahoma Geological Survey.
765:The fault was discovered during
114:
38:
31:
3021:Lesser Antilles subduction zone
2955:Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone
2479:Seismological Research Letters
2449:Reviews in Engineering Geology
755:1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes
1:
2696:Laurentian Slope Seismic Zone
2632:Clarendon-Linden fault system
2537:10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00271-5
2094:10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00074-2
2057:10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00028-8
2030:. OKLAHOMA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
1896:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
1809:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
1662:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
1537:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
1200:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
881:Luza, Madole & Crone 1987
518:. Both the Wichita Mountains
3016:Gulf of California Rift Zone
189:Frontal Wichita fault system
3069:Natural history of Oklahoma
2876:Central Oklahoma Fault Zone
2726:Western Quebec Seismic Zone
2620:Canadian Arctic Rift System
2142:Collins, Donley S. (1992).
1951:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1836:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1755:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1691:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1602:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1272:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1260:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
1095:Ramelli & Slemmons 1990
761:Naming and research history
689:southern Oklahoma aulacogen
563:although there are no post-
549:Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen
3095:
2932:Wabash Valley Seismic Zone
2716:Saint Lawrence rift system
2601:(crosses national borders)
2332:: University of Oklahoma.
2028:Special Publication Series
1977:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
1408:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
751:1886 Charleston earthquake
357:Oklahoma State Highway 115
2754:Olympic–Wallowa Lineament
2002:Thompson Jobe et al. 2022
1501:Thompson Jobe et al. 2022
654:trace or any evidence of
535:. It may have begun as a
371:might do so as well. The
369:Oklahoma State Highway 44
361:Oklahoma State Highway 58
353:Oklahoma State Highway 19
26:
2626:Cascadia subduction zone
2614:Basin and Range Province
2255:10.1130/0-8137-5404-6.79
1821:Baker & Holland 2013
1578:Wheeler & Crone 2003
1554:Baker & Holland 2013
1382:Baker & Holland 2013
1171:Wheeler & Crone 2003
1071:Baker & Holland 2013
869:Baker & Holland 2013
666:4.2 earthquake close to
662:has been recorded and a
516:South Oklahoma aulacogen
2922:New Madrid Seismic Zone
2809:Newport–Inglewood Fault
2804:Mendocino Fracture Zone
2691:Charlevoix Seismic Zone
2241:Donovan, R. N. (1988),
2176:Cullen, Andrew (2018).
2163:Cullen, Andrew (2016).
472:aeromagnetic techniques
405:; it has formed on the
198:54 km (34 mi)
2824:San Jacinto Fault Zone
2206:Oklahoma Geology Notes
1016:U.S. Geological Survey
729:
491:
320:
3026:Middle America Trench
3005:Chixoy-Polochic Fault
2980:Virginia Seismic Zone
2941:Appalachian Mountains
2742:Washington and Oregon
2706:Queen Charlotte Fault
1860:Luza & Crone 1990
1848:Luza & Crone 1990
1525:Luza & Crone 1990
1342:Luza & Crone 1990
956:Luza & Crone 1990
727:
489:
476:reflection seismology
382:The Meers fault is a
318:
2993:Caribbean and Mexico
2169:Search and Discovery
1010:Crone, A.J. (1994).
923:10.1029/2017JB015257
571:movements. However,
547:associated with the
539:margin fault in the
458:from thick Cambrian-
447:The fault separates
367:cross the fault and
3064:Geology of Oklahoma
2950:Aiken–Augusta Fault
2927:Sandwich Fault Zone
2828:Elsinore Fault Zone
2749:Brothers Fault Zone
2529:2003EngGe..69..211W
2517:Engineering Geology
2491:2022SeiRL..93.3100T
2415:1990GSAB..102....1C
2359:1995GSAB..107...98J
2086:1998Tectp.292..279C
2049:1997EngGe..47..289C
2037:Engineering Geology
1989:2011AGUFM.S21C..04K
1922:1988GSAB..100..392M
1884:Donovan et al. 1983
1590:Hornsby et al. 2019
1433:Hornsby et al. 2019
1420:2018AGUFM.S13D0499B
1394:Donovan et al. 1983
1159:Donovan et al. 1983
971:Donovan et al. 1983
914:2018JGRB..123.4388K
90: /
3079:Strike-slip faults
3043:Puerto Rico Trench
3038:Pedro Miguel Fault
2943:and Atlantic Coast
2814:Puente Hills Fault
2799:Hayward Fault Zone
2721:Timiskaming Graben
2650:Puget Sound faults
2588:seismically active
2499:10.1785/0220220162
2304:10.1785/0120180148
730:
697:Arbuckle Mountains
646:Present-day status
601:radiocarbon dating
492:
482:Geological context
397:just north of the
321:
264:that extends from
3051:
3050:
3034:(Central America)
3028:(Central America)
2988:
2987:
2896:Nemaha Fault Zone
2819:Rose Canyon Fault
2701:Leech River Fault
2662:San Andreas Fault
1769:, pp. 47–48.
1717:Texas Earthquakes
1614:Chase et al. 2022
1457:Chase et al. 2022
1445:Chase et al. 2022
1097:, pp. 62–63.
590:Holocene activity
553:Wichita Mountains
401:is noticeable on
399:Wichita Mountains
282:Wichita Mountains
251:
250:
179:Wichita Mountains
94:34.817°N 98.500°W
3086:
2739:
2593:of North America
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2510:
2485:(6): 3100–3120.
2469:
2457:10.1130/reg8-p59
2443:
2434:
2397:
2378:
2341:
2330:Norman, Oklahoma
2327:
2315:
2286:
2279:Earthquake Notes
2273:
2272:
2271:
2237:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2188:(6) – via
2182:The Shale Shaker
2172:
2159:
2156:10.3133/ofr92411
2148:Open-File Report
2138:
2127:10.1130/B36363.1
2121:(3–4): 663–677.
2105:
2068:
2031:
2025:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1566:Jones-Cecil 1995
1563:
1557:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1362:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1302:
1299:Jones-Cecil 1995
1296:
1287:
1284:Jones-Cecil 1995
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1147:Jones-Cecil 1995
1144:
1123:
1117:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1055:
1052:Jones-Cecil 1995
1049:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1007:
986:
980:
974:
968:
959:
953:
940:
934:
928:
927:
925:
893:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
845:Jones-Cecil 1995
842:
823:
817:
811:
805:
665:
527:Geologic history
120:
118:
117:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
42:
41:
35:
19:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
2984:
2964:Woodstock Fault
2942:
2936:
2905:
2864:
2833:
2789:Calaveras Fault
2777:
2730:
2711:Saguenay Graben
2679:
2656:Rio Grande rift
2608:Aleutian Trench
2600:
2594:
2584:
2553:
2551:
2513:
2472:
2467:
2446:
2437:
2400:
2381:
2344:
2325:
2318:
2289:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2240:
2221:
2216:
2201:
2196:
2175:
2162:
2141:
2108:
2071:
2034:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2004:, p. 3101.
2000:
1996:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:, p. 7,10.
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1503:, p. 3110.
1499:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1365:
1357:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1126:
1118:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1058:
1050:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1008:
989:
981:
977:
969:
962:
954:
943:
935:
931:
895:
894:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
826:
818:
814:
806:
797:
792:
763:
744:
701:Enola, Arkansas
693:Texas Panhandle
677:
658:although minor
648:
626:
592:
529:
484:
444:sedimentation.
423:Rocky Mountains
345:Treasure Island
313:
270:Comanche County
166:Characteristics
160:Elgin, Oklahoma
156:Treasure Island
115:
113:
99:34.817; -98.500
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
57:Meers, Oklahoma
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Marianna Fault
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2901:Wilzetta Fault
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Humboldt Fault
2878:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2523:(1): 211–215.
2511:
2470:
2465:
2444:
2435:
2398:
2379:
2342:
2316:
2287:
2274:
2263:
2238:
2214:
2194:
2173:
2160:
2139:
2106:
2080:(3): 279–291.
2074:Tectonophysics
2069:
2043:(3): 289–310.
2032:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1994:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1900:
1888:
1886:, p. 125.
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1796:Gsa.confex.com
1783:
1771:
1759:
1744:
1732:
1725:
1707:
1705:, p. 338.
1695:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1652:, p. 307.
1642:
1630:
1628:, p. 285.
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1580:, p. 213.
1570:
1568:, p. 109.
1558:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1490:
1488:, p. 335.
1478:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1398:
1396:, p. 124.
1386:
1363:
1361:, p. 290.
1346:
1334:
1332:, p. 188.
1322:
1303:
1301:, p. 101.
1288:
1286:, p. 100.
1276:
1264:
1252:
1250:, p. 279.
1240:
1238:, p. 280.
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1175:
1173:, p. 212.
1163:
1161:, p. 131.
1151:
1124:
1122:, p. 330.
1099:
1087:
1075:
1056:
1054:, p. 102.
1029:
987:
975:
973:, p. 126.
960:
941:
929:
885:
873:
861:
859:, p. 331.
849:
824:
812:
794:
793:
791:
788:
762:
759:
742:
676:
673:
656:aseismic creep
647:
644:
636:aseismic creep
624:
591:
588:
575:sediments and
528:
525:
504:Anadarko Basin
483:
480:
365:U.S. Route 281
312:
309:
278:Anadarko Basin
249:
248:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
175:Anadarko Basin
172:
168:
167:
163:
162:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
111:
107:
106:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3091:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3032:Motagua Fault
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Cayman Trough
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2860:Wasatch Fault
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:Garlock Fault
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2763:Seattle Fault
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:United States
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2674:Tintina Fault
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:North America
2597:
2592:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2466:9780813741086
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:(1): 98–112.
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2266:
2264:9780813754048
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:, p. 59.
1952:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1898:, p. 13.
1897:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1874:, p. 54.
1873:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:, p. 16.
1849:
1844:
1841:
1838:, p. 67.
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:, p. 15.
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1757:, p. 60.
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1726:9780292725515
1722:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1693:, p. 65.
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1664:, p. 71.
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1640:, p. 20.
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:, p. 13.
1615:
1610:
1607:
1604:, p. 71.
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:, p. 16.
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:, p. 70.
1538:
1533:
1530:
1527:, p. 15.
1526:
1521:
1518:
1515:, p. 51.
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1459:, p. 12.
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1414:: S13D–0499.
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1320:, p. 45.
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1274:, p. 62.
1273:
1268:
1265:
1262:, p. 61.
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1214:, p. 80.
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:, p. 15.
1201:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1149:, p. 98.
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:, p. 18.
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
948:
946:
942:
939:, p. 49.
938:
933:
930:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
850:
847:, p. 99.
846:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
816:
813:
810:, p. 79.
809:
804:
802:
800:
796:
789:
787:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
760:
758:
756:
752:
748:
739:
735:
726:
722:
719:
718:Mid-Continent
714:
709:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
674:
672:
669:
661:
657:
653:
645:
643:
641:
637:
632:
630:
622:
617:
615:
609:
607:
602:
597:
589:
587:
585:
584:Pennsylvanian
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
526:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Mississippian
505:
500:
497:
488:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:igneous rocks
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
417:
416:Mid-Continent
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
384:reverse fault
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
317:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
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247:
243:
240:
238:
234:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
122:United States
112:
108:
103:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
34:
25:
20:
2975:Ramapo Fault
2890:
2869:Great Plains
2767:Tacoma Fault
2638:Denali Fault
2552:
2520:
2516:
2482:
2478:
2448:
2406:
2403:GSA Bulletin
2402:
2394:ResearchGate
2392:– via
2387:
2350:
2347:GSA Bulletin
2346:
2321:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2268:, retrieved
2246:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2190:ResearchGate
2185:
2181:
2168:
2147:
2118:
2115:GSA Bulletin
2114:
2077:
2073:
2040:
2036:
2027:
1997:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1965:, p. 1.
1963:Collins 1992
1958:
1946:
1913:
1910:GSA Bulletin
1909:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1872:Donovan 1986
1867:
1862:, p. 1.
1855:
1843:
1816:
1811:, p. 1.
1804:
1795:
1786:
1779:Johnson 1995
1774:
1767:Donovan 1986
1762:
1742:, p. 6.
1735:
1716:
1710:
1698:
1676:, p. 2.
1674:Gilbert 1985
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1556:, p. 5.
1532:
1520:
1513:Donovan 1986
1508:
1481:
1476:, p. 1.
1474:Gilbert 1985
1452:
1447:, p. 5.
1440:
1435:, p. 2.
1428:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1389:
1384:, p. 7.
1344:, p. 2.
1337:
1330:Johnson 1995
1325:
1318:Donovan 1986
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1226:, p. 7.
1219:
1212:Donovan 1988
1207:
1195:
1190:, p. 5.
1166:
1154:
1090:
1078:
1073:, p. 8.
1020:. Retrieved
1015:
985:, p. 2.
978:
958:, p. 3.
937:Donovan 1986
932:
905:
901:
883:, p. 3.
876:
871:, p. 6.
864:
852:
822:, p. 2.
820:Collins 1992
815:
808:Donovan 1988
778:
764:
731:
710:
678:
649:
633:
618:
610:
593:
530:
523:its hazard.
501:
493:
446:
427:
403:Google Earth
392:
388:normal fault
381:
325:Caddo County
322:
286:
266:Kiowa County
253:
252:
63:Year defined
2891:Meers Fault
2855:Teton Fault
2838:Great Basin
2773:Walker Lane
2759:Puget Sound
2409:(1): 1–17.
1983:: S21C–04.
1703:Cullen 2018
1638:Cullen 2016
1486:Cullen 2018
1224:Cullen 2016
1188:Cullen 2016
1120:Cullen 2018
1083:Cullen 2016
908:(5): 4404.
857:Cullen 2018
699:and around
629:intensities
573:Pleistocene
561:Pleistocene
557:Slick Hills
541:Proterozoic
533:Phanerozoic
453:Proterozoic
419:fault scarp
395:fault scarp
373:fault scarp
274:fault scarp
254:Meers Fault
97: /
72:Coordinates
22:Meers Fault
3058:Categories
2850:Moab Fault
2782:California
2270:2019-06-18
2226:Guide Book
1916:(3): 392.
1650:Cetin 1997
1626:Cetin 1998
1359:Cetin 1997
1248:Cetin 1998
1236:Cetin 1998
790:References
767:field work
738:hazard map
713:earthquake
660:seismicity
621:magnitudes
464:carbonates
460:Ordovician
442:floodplain
438:formations
311:Appearance
305:earthquake
301:seismicity
2545:0013-7952
2507:252879845
2431:0016-7606
2375:0016-7606
2338:890220018
2312:213494198
2234:0078-4400
2135:250038667
2102:0040-1951
2065:0013-7952
1938:0016-7606
736:national
708:as well.
569:Paleozoic
341:Fort Sill
329:Cooperton
213:Tectonics
152:Fort Sill
140:Cooperton
53:Etymology
784:Colorado
711:Judging
685:Oklahoma
652:Holocene
606:Holocene
596:Holocene
580:alluvium
577:Holocene
555:and the
545:Cambrian
496:tectonic
468:magnetic
449:Cambrian
412:Holocene
407:Holocene
377:farmland
307:hazard.
297:Holocene
293:Cambrian
280:and the
262:Oklahoma
246:Cambrian
221:inactive
177:and the
131:Oklahoma
2910:Midwest
2676:(US–CA)
2670:(US–CA)
2664:(US–MX)
2658:(US–MX)
2652:(US–CA)
2646:(CA–US)
2640:(US–CA)
2634:(US–CA)
2628:(US–CA)
2622:(CA–GL)
2616:(US–MX)
2610:(US–RU)
2525:Bibcode
2487:Bibcode
2411:Bibcode
2355:Bibcode
2082:Bibcode
2045:Bibcode
2012:Sources
1985:Bibcode
1918:Bibcode
1416:Bibcode
1022:16 June
910:Bibcode
775:Permian
706:Atlanta
565:Permian
512:Permian
434:ductile
289:Permian
242:Permian
231:reverse
185:Part of
110:Country
85:98°30′W
82:34°49′N
3012:(Cuba)
2684:Canada
2591:faults
2586:Major
2543:
2505:
2463:
2429:
2373:
2336:
2310:
2261:
2232:
2133:
2100:
2063:
1936:
1723:
779:et al.
695:, the
668:Lawton
520:thrust
430:splays
337:Apache
218:Status
204:Strike
195:Length
148:Apache
136:Cities
119:
2503:S2CID
2326:(PDF)
2308:S2CID
2222:(PDF)
2202:(PDF)
2131:S2CID
2024:(PDF)
771:ranch
747:Texas
681:plate
640:soils
349:Elgin
333:Meers
258:fault
256:is a
208:N63°W
171:Range
144:Meers
128:State
66:1930s
2541:ISSN
2461:ISBN
2427:ISSN
2389:IAEA
2371:ISSN
2334:OCLC
2285:(1).
2259:ISBN
2230:ISSN
2098:ISSN
2061:ISSN
1934:ISSN
1721:ISBN
1024:2019
753:and
734:USGS
732:The
623:of M
537:rift
462:age
363:and
347:and
227:Type
158:and
2533:doi
2495:doi
2453:doi
2419:doi
2407:102
2363:doi
2351:107
2300:doi
2251:doi
2152:doi
2123:doi
2119:135
2090:doi
2078:292
2053:doi
1926:doi
1914:100
918:doi
906:123
510:to
268:to
260:in
237:Age
3060::
2765:,
2539:.
2531:.
2521:69
2519:.
2501:.
2493:.
2483:93
2481:.
2477:.
2459:,
2425:.
2417:.
2405:.
2386:.
2369:.
2361:.
2349:.
2328:.
2306:.
2298:.
2294:.
2283:56
2281:.
2257:,
2245:,
2224:.
2210:43
2208:.
2204:.
2186:69
2184:.
2180:.
2167:.
2150:.
2146:.
2129:.
2117:.
2113:.
2096:.
2088:.
2076:.
2059:.
2051:.
2041:47
2039:.
2026:.
1981:21
1979:.
1932:.
1924:.
1912:.
1828:^
1794:.
1747:^
1681:^
1544:^
1493:^
1464:^
1412:13
1410:.
1366:^
1349:^
1306:^
1291:^
1178:^
1127:^
1102:^
1059:^
1032:^
1014:.
990:^
963:^
944:^
916:.
904:.
900:.
888:^
827:^
798:^
757:.
614:BP
425:.
359:,
355:,
351:;
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
284:.
154:,
150:,
146:,
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2962:(
2830:)
2826:(
2769:)
2761:(
2579:e
2572:t
2565:v
2547:.
2535::
2527::
2509:.
2497::
2489::
2455::
2433:.
2421::
2413::
2396:.
2377:.
2365::
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2340:.
2314:.
2302::
2253::
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2171:.
2158:.
2154::
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2092::
2084::
2067:.
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1991:.
1987::
1940:.
1928::
1920::
1798:.
1729:.
1422:.
1418::
1026:.
926:.
920::
912::
743:w
741:M
664:M
625:w
543:-
451:-
291:-
244:-
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