48:
2090:
594:
represents the "first important lexicographic advance" after this long period. He greatly simplified and rationalized the traditional set of radicals, introduced the principle of indexing graphs according to the number of residual strokes, and wrote characters in contemporary regular script instead
795:
and homophonic phonetic notation, initiating a "more scientific format" for displaying definitions from original through extended meanings, using the label 〇 to display characters with multiple pronunciations and meanings, and indicating characters that have multiple
287:
393:. Each one begins with a grid diagram showing all the radicals included in the volume and their page numbers. This reference guide to the volumes made looking up characters more convenient than in the previous dictionaries.
458:". Definitions are for the most part brief and readily understandable, and reference to a text is almost always given by way of examples, generally from ancient books and partly from colloquial language.
443:
character entry comprised first the pronunciations including variants, and then the definitions, giving the primary meaning followed by common and extended meanings. In addition to using the traditional
684:, and arranging graphs belonging to a single radical according to the number of residual strokes, making finding character entries a relatively simple matter. To illustrate the inefficiencies of the
480:, and arranging graphs belonging to a single radical according to the number of residual strokes, making finding character entries a relatively simple matter. To illustrate the inefficiencies of the
1977:
800:, all of which are standard format elements in modern Chinese dictionaries. Third, radicals and character entries are classified in a more logical manner, as explained above. Fourth, the
462:
innovations in dictionary format, such as the arrangement of meanings, the use of plain language, and usage examples from informal language, made the book "exceptional at the time".
791:
as well as informal regular script characters, and gives the latter more significance than previously. Second, character entry presentation is improved by including both
1528:
1183:
1917:
586:, there were few advances in Chinese lexicography between the sixth and seventeenth centuries. Many dictionaries prior to the Ming Dynasty were modeled on the
1907:
1785:
1947:
454:
character, no doubt in recognition of the fact that it was "almost impossible for the average reader to derive correct current readings from Tang dynasty
744:
character entries are arranged according to the stroke number left after subtracting the respective radical, for instance, the characters under the
540:
character entries are arranged according to the stroke number left after subtracting the respective radical, for instance, the characters under the
278:
include "Compendium of
Characters", "Collection of Characters", "The Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Characters", and "Character Treasure".
1176:
424:俗字), both contemporary and early. Mei Yingzuo made his dictionary more easily accessible to the general literate public by using the current
1957:
1897:
328:, with three main appendices. "Differentiation" lists 473 characters with similar forms but different pronunciations and meanings, such as
595:
of ancient seal script. The importance of Mei's innovations is confirmed by the fact that they were promptly imitated by other Ming and
1987:
309:, including Mei Yingzuo's preface dated 1615, style guide, and appendices. For instance, the "Sequences of Strokes" shows the correct
804:
was the first
Chinese dictionary to integrate the main body and appendices into one whole, thus improving practicality for the user.
935:
883:
862:
837:
590:
540-radical format, and new dictionaries were generally no more than minor revisions and enlargements of older works. Mei
Yingzuo's
1927:
2117:
1169:
318:
677:
473:
194:
68:
1092:
Zou Feng 邹酆 (1983), "Innovations in the
Compilation of The Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Characters", 《字集》在字典编纂法上的创新,
688:
system, only a few characters are listed under some radicals. For instance, its "man radical" 男, which compounds the modern
484:
system, only a few characters are listed under some radicals. For instance, its "man radical" 男, which compounds the modern
2112:
779:
The
Chinese scholar Zou Feng (邹酆) lists four major lexicographical format innovations that Mei Yingzuo established in the
243:
82:
2093:
1937:
1583:
353:
666:
was "one the most innovative
Chinese dictionaries ever compiled" and it "changed the face of Chinese lexicography".
646:, which soon became the standard dictionary of Chinese characters, and continues to be used widely today. After the
1818:
854:
1862:
1829:
1967:
235:
1881:
927:
314:
47:
2041:
1765:
1561:
1147:
1161:
2122:
1629:
1123:
302:), with a comprehensive and integrated format that many subsequent Chinese dictionaries followed.
2070:
1550:
1446:
1196:
1192:
345:
262:
184:
164:
1155:
321:, and "Index of Difficult Characters" lists graphs whose radicals were difficult to identify.
2031:
1457:
1435:
1424:
1391:
1038:
1019:
985:
931:
879:
858:
833:
963:
2051:
1840:
1728:
1131:
825:
582:
417:
390:
344:. "Rectification" corrects misunderstandings of 68 characters commonly used in contemporary
113:
432:, earlier Chinese dictionaries were arranged according to radicals written in the obsolete
1807:
1651:
1598:
1572:
1468:
815:
788:
776:" system remains one of the most common forms of Chinese lexicographic arrangement today.
651:
572:" system remains one of the most common forms of Chinese lexicographic arrangement today,
814:
Creamer, Thomas B.I. (1992). "Lexicography and the history of the
Chinese language"". In
783:, and which have been used in many dictionaries up to the present day (1983). First, the
134:
1774:
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970:
923:
797:
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1706:
732:. The 214 radicals are arranged according to stroke number, from the single-stroke
596:
528:. The 214 radicals are arranged according to stroke number, from the single-stroke
416:
Dictionary of
Standard Rhymes). The entries included common characters used in the
310:
176:
168:
120:
1695:
1139:
873:
848:
370:
dictionaries shows the traditional hand representation of the four tone classes.
2061:
1413:
1358:
1259:
1230:
824:. Lexicographica. Series Maior, vol. 41. Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 105–135.
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261:
means "glossary; wordbook; lexicon; dictionary; vocabulary; (computing)
223:"gather together; assemble; collection; list". Early forms of the graph
1684:
1640:
1369:
1303:
1292:
636:(字彙補 "Zihui supplement"). The most important of the works based on the
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2007:
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612:, written and originally published by Zhang Zilie (張自烈) as the 1627
624:, then purchased by Liao Wenying (廖文英) and republished as the 1671
1673:
1539:
1325:
285:
1380:
1241:
1165:
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adopted Mei's 214-radical system, they have been known as the
290:
Traditional representation of the four tone classes on a hand.
179:
innovations that continue to be used in the present day: the
450:
spelling, Mei indicated pronunciation with a commonly used
313:, which is useful for students, "Ancient Forms" uses early
366:
pronunciation glosses. Note that the above image of early
996:
994:
920:
The
Historical Evolution of Chinese Languages and Scripts
465:
The best-known lexicographical advances in Mei
Yingzuo's
1064:
1062:
1978:
Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
1049:
1047:
875:
Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911
680:
for collating Chinese characters into the more logical
476:
for collating Chinese characters into the more logical
1011:
1009:
139:
125:
1030:
1028:
389:, collections) and numbered according to the twelve
381:
dictionary is divided into 12 volumes (2-13) called
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2000:
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1493:
1210:
1203:
133:
119:
112:
107:
95:
81:
67:
34:
1529:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
242:"gather together; collection", both of which, in
1096:辞书研究 5: 34–39, Shanghai Lexicographical Press.
669:The best-known lexicographical advances in the
187:Chinese characters, which replaced the classic
930:National East Asian Language Resource Center.
708:舅 ("uncle; brother in law"). In contrast, the
620:Disputations") supplemental correction to the
504:舅 ("uncle; brother in law"). In contrast, the
216:"character; script; writing; graph; word" and
1918:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1177:
662:The author Thomas Creamer says Mei Yingzuo's
87:
73:
8:
420:and some popular or nonstandard characters (
1786:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
2089:
1997:
1886:
1207:
1184:
1170:
1162:
104:
55:exhibit in the Chinese Dictionary Museum,
46:
1908:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
1108:
1015:
1000:
981:
950:
580:With the possible exception of the 1324
1080:
905:
898:
712:eliminates the "man radical" and lists
508:eliminates the "man radical" and lists
428:form of characters. Beginning with the
1068:
1053:
1034:
821:History, Languages, and Lexicographers
175:). It is renowned for introducing two
31:
787:includes both formal seal script and
7:
1958:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
1898:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1948:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
922:. Translated by Zhang Liqing 張立青.
25:
872:Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008).
404:entries, most of which were from
298:dictionary comprises 14 volumes (
2088:
640:model was undoubtedly the 1716
628:. Another Qing dynasty scholar
244:the simplified character system
1988:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
1506:
1501:
1497:
1219:
654:rather than "Zihui radicals".
606:also formed the basis for the
209:The dictionary title combines
140:
126:
88:
74:
1:
1248:
967:字彙 "Collection of Characters"
716:男 under the "power radical",
512:男 under the "power radical",
2094:List of Chinese dictionaries
1938:The Five Thousand Dictionary
1928:A Chinese–English Dictionary
319:Chinese character categories
234:), and it was borrowed as a
1584:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
918:Zhou, Youguang 周有光 (2003).
878:. Oxford University Press.
250:. In modern Chinese usage,
2139:
1819:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
855:Cambridge University Press
673:are reducing the unwieldy
469:are reducing the unwieldy
324:Volume 14 encompasses the
199:radical-and-stroke sorting
2086:
1863:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
1214:
962:Ulrich, Theobald (2010),
704:甥 ("nephew; niece"), and
500:甥 ("nephew; niece"), and
439:The basic format of each
227:彙 depicted a "hedgehog" (
151:
103:
45:
41:
1830:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
736:to the seventeen-stroke
532:to the seventeen-stroke
352:intended to explain the
274:English translations of
69:Traditional Chinese
2118:Ming dynasty literature
1968:Grammata Serica Recensa
1094:Lexicographical Studies
236:phonetic loan character
83:Simplified Chinese
2036:(Tangut; 12th century)
1236:(first millennium BCE)
847:Norman, Jerry (1988).
348:books. "Riming" gives
305:Volume 1 contains the
291:
1252: 3rd century BC
928:Ohio State University
830:10.1515/9783111341071
599:period dictionaries.
315:Chinese script styles
289:
171:scholar Mei Yingzuo (
2113:Chinese dictionaries
2042:Pentaglot Dictionary
1562:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
1148:Chinese Text Project
1109:Yong & Peng 2008
1016:Yong & Peng 2008
1001:Yong & Peng 2008
982:Yong & Peng 2008
951:Yong & Peng 2008
696:, only lists three:
492:, only lists three:
99:character collection
1630:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
1156:The 214 Radicals 部首
632:published the 1666
317:to explain the six
2071:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
2024:In other languages
1551:Zhongwen Da Cidian
1447:Zhonghua Da Zidian
1197:Chinese characters
1195:for scripts using
774:radical-and-stroke
730:"mortar radical" 臼
682:214-radical system
678:540-radical system
570:radical-and-stroke
526:"mortar radical" 臼
478:214-radical system
474:540-radical system
292:
195:540-radical system
181:214-radical system
165:Chinese dictionary
27:Chinese dictionary
2100:
2099:
2082:
2081:
2032:Pearl in the Palm
2019:
2018:
1876:
1875:
1712:(c. 12th century)
1458:Xinhua Dictionary
1436:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
1425:Kangxi Dictionary
1386:(c. 11th century)
1111:, p. 289–90.
746:"mouth radical" 口
738:"flute radical" 龠
700:男 ("man; male"),
694:"power radical" 力
690:"field radical" 田
542:"mouth radical" 口
534:"flute radical" 龠
496:男 ("man; male"),
490:"power radical" 力
486:"field radical" 田
238:for the word huì
155:
154:
147:
146:
114:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
2130:
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2056:(Japanese; 1960)
2052:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
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722:"life radical" 生
583:Zhongyuan Yinyun
518:"life radical" 生
418:Chinese classics
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391:Earthly Branches
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789:clerical script
734:"one radical" 一
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652:Kangxi radicals
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530:"one radical" 一
410:Hongwu zhengyun
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96:Literal meaning
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1415:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1372:
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1367:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:(3rd century)
1317:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:(2nd century)
1284:
1283:
1282:Shuowen Jiezi
1279:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
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1198:
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1187:
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1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
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1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
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1117:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
975:
972:
968:
966:
959:
956:
952:
947:
944:
939:
937:0-87415-349-2
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
911:
907:
902:
899:
896:
895:
887:
885:9780191561672
881:
877:
876:
870:
866:
864:9780521296533
860:
856:
852:
851:
845:
841:
839:9783484309418
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
812:
811:
807:
805:
803:
799:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:and end with
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Shuowen Jiezi
683:
679:
676:
675:Shuowen Jiezi
672:
667:
665:
657:
655:
653:
649:
648:Kangxi Zidian
645:
644:
643:Kangxi Zidian
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
598:
593:
589:
588:Shuowen Jiezi
585:
584:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:and end with
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Shuowen Jiezi
479:
475:
472:
471:Shuowen Jiezi
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
442:
437:
435:
431:
430:Shuowen jiezi
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
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331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
288:
281:
279:
277:
272:
270:
269:
264:
263:character set
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
204:
202:
200:
196:
193:dictionary's
192:
191:
190:Shuowen Jiezi
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
150:
138:
136:
132:
124:
122:
118:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
94:
86:
84:
80:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1861:
1855:Biographical
1839:
1828:
1817:
1806:
1784:
1773:
1751:Peiwen Yunfu
1749:
1740:Qi Lin Bayin
1738:
1727:
1718:Menggu Ziyun
1716:
1707:Pingshui Yun
1705:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1478:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1193:Dictionaries
1151:(in Chinese)
1143:
1135:(in Chinese)
1127:
1104:
1098:(in Chinese)
1093:
1088:
1081:Creamer 1992
1076:
977:
964:
958:
946:
919:
913:
906:Creamer 1992
901:
893:
892:
874:
849:
820:
801:
792:
784:
780:
778:
741:
728:舅 under the
725:
720:甥 under the
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
685:
674:
670:
668:
663:
661:
647:
641:
637:
633:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
603:
601:
591:
587:
581:
579:
537:
524:舅 under the
521:
516:甥 under the
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
481:
470:
466:
464:
459:
455:
445:
440:
438:
429:
421:
409:
397:
395:
382:
378:
372:
367:
361:
323:
311:stroke order
307:front matter
304:
295:
293:
275:
273:
266:
251:
228:
224:
217:
210:
208:
188:
169:Ming Dynasty
159:
158:
156:
121:Hanyu Pinyin
52:
35:
29:
1833:一切經音義 (慧琳)
1822:一切經音義 (玄英)
1414:Zhengzitong
1359:Ganlu Zishu
1265:(c. 220 BC)
1260:Cangjiepian
1231:Shizhoupian
1204:Monolingual
1069:Norman 1988
1054:Norman 1988
1035:Norman 1988
924:Columbus OH
748:begin with
658:Innovations
626:Zhengzitong
609:Zhengzitong
544:begin with
452:homophonous
434:seal script
350:rime tables
326:back matter
18:Mei Yingzuo
2123:1615 books
2107:Categories
1800:Exegetical
1789:現代漢語方言大詞典
1276:(c. 40 BC)
1211:Characters
808:References
630:Wu Renchen
614:Zihui bian
354:four tones
197:, and the
135:Wade–Giles
1882:Bilingual
1766:Varieties
1696:Qiyin lüe
1587:现代汉语规范词典
1315:Xiao Erya
1271:Jijiupian
986:pp. 287-8
894:Footnotes
406:Song Lian
375:main body
157:The 1615
2074:(Korean)
1866:中國人名大辭典
1835:(c. 807)
1824:(c. 649)
1813:(c. 583)
1663:Guangyun
1613:(c. 230)
1608:Shenglei
1532:教育部國語辭典
1353:(c. 543)
1331:(c. 350)
1309:(c. 230)
1298:(c. 200)
1144:Zihui bu
772:. This "
692:and the
634:Zihui bu
568:. This "
488:and the
408:'s 1375
201:method.
185:indexing
57:Jincheng
1775:Fangyan
1685:Yunjing
1641:Tangyun
1633:刊謬補缺切韻
1565:现代汉语词典
1370:Leipian
1304:Guangya
1293:Shiming
1020:pp. 287
850:Chinese
818:(ed.).
616:(字彙辯; "
576:History
412:(洪武正韻,
377:of the
346:printed
271:2016).
141:Tzu Hui
2011:(1997)
2008:CEDICT
2001:Online
1992:(1996)
1982:(1972)
1972:(1957)
1962:(1947)
1952:(1931)
1942:(1926)
1932:(1892)
1922:(1874)
1912:(1842)
1902:(1823)
1868:(1921)
1791:(2002)
1756:(1711)
1734:(1324)
1690:(1161)
1679:(1037)
1668:(1008)
1619:Qieyun
1589:(2004)
1578:(1994)
1576:漢語大詞典
1567:(1978)
1556:(1968)
1554:中文大辭典
1545:(1938)
1534:(1926)
1523:(1915)
1518:Ciyuan
1485:(1994)
1474:(1989)
1472:漢語大字典
1463:(1957)
1452:(1915)
1450:中華大字典
1441:(1815)
1439:說文解字注
1430:(1716)
1419:(1627)
1408:(1615)
1397:(1254)
1392:Zitong
1375:(1066)
1348:Yupian
1337:Ziyuan
1039:p. 172
934:
882:
861:
836:
793:fanqie
768:, and
756:, and
740:. The
724:, and
564:, and
552:, and
536:. The
520:, and
456:fanqie
447:fanqie
414:Hongwu
363:fanqie
268:Wenlin
246:, are
61:Shanxi
1846:(997)
1844:龍龕手鑒
1811:經典釋文
1754:佩文韻府
1743:戚林八音
1732:中原音韻
1721:蒙古字韻
1674:Jiyun
1657:(780)
1655:韻海鏡源
1646:(732)
1635:(706)
1624:(601)
1540:Cihai
1494:Words
1483:中华字海
1461:新华字典
1428:康熙字典
1403:Zihui
1362:干祿字書
1326:Zilin
1285:說文解字
1128:Zihui
965:Zihui
802:Zihui
785:Zihui
781:Zihui
742:Zihui
718:sheng
710:Zihui
702:sheng
671:Zihui
664:Zihui
638:Zihui
622:Zihui
618:Zihui
604:Zihui
592:Zihui
538:Zihui
514:sheng
506:Zihui
498:sheng
467:Zihui
460:Zihui
441:Zihui
398:Zihui
379:Zihui
368:Zihui
296:Zihui
276:Zihui
252:zìhuì
205:Title
163:is a
160:Zìhuì
127:Zìhuì
53:Zihui
36:Zihui
1710:平水韻
1699:七音略
1599:Rime
1417:正字通
1381:Piya
1318:小爾雅
1274:急就篇
1263:倉頡篇
1242:Erya
1234:史籀篇
932:ISBN
880:ISBN
859:ISBN
834:ISBN
602:The
597:Qing
422:súzì
396:The
373:The
360:and
340:and
332:and
294:The
282:Text
183:for
1778:方言
1688:韻鏡
1677:集韻
1666:廣韻
1644:唐韻
1622:切韻
1611:聲類
1543:辭海
1521:辭源
1406:字彙
1395:字通
1384:埤雅
1373:類篇
1351:玉篇
1340:字苑
1329:字林
1307:廣雅
1296:釋名
1245:爾雅
1140:字彙補
826:doi
726:jiu
714:nan
706:jiu
698:nan
522:jiu
510:nan
502:jiu
494:nan
356:of
336:or
265:" (
257:or
229:wèi
225:huì
218:huì
173:梅膺祚
2109::
1507:cí
1504:;
1249:c.
1220:zì
1217:;
1146:,
1142:,
1130:,
1126:,
1124:字彙
1061:^
1046:^
1037:,
1027:^
1018:,
1008:^
993:^
984:,
969:,
926::
857:.
853:.
832:.
764:,
752:,
560:,
548:,
436:.
383:ji
259:字彙
255:字匯
211:zì
89:字汇
75:字彙
59:,
1510:)
1502:词
1500:／
1498:詞
1496:(
1254:)
1247:(
1223:)
1215:字
1213:(
1185:e
1178:t
1171:v
1041:.
1022:.
988:.
953:.
940:.
908:.
888:.
867:.
842:.
828::
770:囖
766:囕
762:囔
758:句
754:古
750:卟
566:囖
562:囕
558:囔
554:句
550:古
546:卟
387:集
385:(
342:叚
338:段
334:剌
330:刺
300:巻
248:汇
240:匯
232:猬
221:彙
214:字
20:)
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