175:
37:
360:
reproduction by almost 100%. However, the soil fumigant methyl bromide has been phased out in 2005 because of its negative effects on the ozone layer. A 1995 economic study declared that banning methyl bromide without an alternative method of controlling nematodes would cost the nation's bell pepper
279:
is a tropical or subtropical species reported in
Australia, Brazil, Venezuela, China, Cuba, France, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Malawi, Senegal, South Africa, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, and West Africa (Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso).
920:
Judy A. Thies; Richard F. Davis; John D. Mueller; Richard L. Fery; David B. Langston; Gilbert Miller (2004). "Double-cropping cucumbers and squash after resistant bell pepper for root-knot nematode management".
796:
417:, which will survive and become a big population. Meanwhile, less severe yield loss of susceptible bell peppers has been observed when growing them after resistant bell peppers.
577:
559:
1071:
837:
1084:
513:
Janete Brito; Jason
Stanley; Ramazan Cetintas; Tom Powers; Renata Inserra; Gene McAvoy; Maria Mendes; Billy Crow; Don Dickson (October 31 – November 3, 2004).
659:
Lunt DH. Genetic tests of ancient asexuality in root knot nematodes reveal recent hybrid origins. BMC Evol Biol. 2008;8:194–216. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-194.
380:
control than methyl bromide plus pic, for sting nematode, they are equal to MBR plus pic. Other alternative such as
Multiguard, which is a formulation of
727:
1045:
613:
738:. Proceedings of the USDA Workshop on Alternatives to Methyl Bromide. Vol. 45, no. 2. Arlington, VA. pp. 43–47. Archived from
644:
450:
1127:
1122:
413:. The root-knot resistant bell peppers are not suggested to be planted in the field all over the seasons because that will select more
670:
636:
174:
588:
537:
861:
N. K. Burelle (2006). "Effects of multiguard protect on root-knot nematode populations and disease of tomato and pepper".
548:. 2004 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, Florida.
536:
Brito, Janete, Jason
Stanley, Ramazan Cetintas, M. Di Vito, Judy Thies & Don Dickson (October 31 – November 3, 2004).
525:. 2004 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, Florida.
188:
384:, a compound derived from sugarcane waste, which has been reported to have both nematicidal and antifungal properties.
1117:
1006:
387:
Nematode-resistant bell pepper cultivar is another method to control nematode population. Two bell pepper cultivars,
36:
514:
1089:
812:
195:(Vell.) Morong) in China in 1983. In 2001 it was reported for the first time in the continental USA in Florida.
744:
605:
553:
734:
203:
species because of its ability of reproducing on root-knot nematode-resistant (Mi-1 gene carrying genotypes)
923:
739:
863:
682:
476:
1132:
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1011:
768:
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131:
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795:
James P. Gilreath; Bielinski M. Santos; Timothy N. Motis; Joseph W. Noling; John M. Mirusso (2005).
395:, have been widely planted in the United States. However, while these varieties offer resistance to
1112:
373:
200:
153:
108:
31:
1076:
940:
884:"'Caroline Wonder' and 'Charleston Belle': Southern root-knot nematode resistant bell peppers"
701:
640:
495:
446:
442:
252:. Other methods such as enzyme analyses and DNA analysis also have been performed to identify
434:
932:
900:
883:
829:
691:
485:
709:
781:
825:
472:
n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing pacara ear pod tree in China"
696:
490:
467:
353:
1106:
406:
365:
98:
369:
313:
997:
833:
1058:
891:
297:
244:
isolates from
Florida are useful morphological characters for the separation of
220:
204:
78:
936:
726:
Robert
Linderman; Wayne Dixon; Stephen Fraedrich; Richard S. Smith Jr. (1994).
905:
519:
a new plant nematode species, poses threat for vegetable production in
Florida
337:
88:
1032:
729:
Alternatives to methyl bromide: Assessments of research needs and priorities
218:, a sedentary endoparasite, has very similar morphology as other species of
48:
944:
705:
669:
J. Brito; T. O. Powers; P. G. Mullin; R. N. Inserra; D. W. Dickson (2004).
499:
991:
381:
289:
68:
1050:
321:
305:
1063:
960:
329:
58:
968:
1037:
352:
The most efficient control method is preplant soil fumigation with
173:
1024:
882:
Richard L. Fery, Philip D. Dukes Sr. & Judy A. Thies (1998).
437:. In Roland N. Perry, Maurice Moens & James L. Starr (ed.).
224:. The perineal patterns, male stylet length values (smaller for
972:
268:
M. enterolobii is an apomictic species of root-knot nematodes.
187:
was originally described from a population collected from the
578:"Commercial Pepper Production, Marketing and Management"
610:
981:
376:(1,3-D) plus Pic. Mna+Pic provided equal or better
671:"Morphological and molecular characterization of
435:"Taxonomy, identification, and principal species"
364:Some Mbr alternatives have been tested, such as
797:"Methyl bromide alternatives for nematode and
8:
558:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
433:David J. Hunt & Zafar A. Handoo (2009).
199:is now considered one of the most important
542:reproduction on resistant tomato and pepper
969:
466:Baojun Yang & J. D. Eisenback (1983).
20:
904:
695:
489:
232:) and J2 tail length values (greater for
627:J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter (1985).
207:and other economically important crops.
614:United States Department of Agriculture
425:
777:
766:
571:
569:
551:
7:
288:It has a variety of hosts, such as
361:industry $ 127 million in losses.
14:
35:
637:North Carolina State University
633:. Volume I: Biology and Control
576:Esendugue Greg Fonsah (2005).
1:
193:Enterolobium contortisiliquum
166:Rammah & Hirschmann, 1988
834:10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.016
1128:Nematodes described in 1983
1123:Agricultural pest nematodes
606:"Vegetables Annual Summary"
356:(Mbr). That can reduce the
1149:
937:10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.6.589
399:, they are susceptible to
147:Yang & Eisenback, 1983
906:10.21273/HORTSCI.33.5.900
160:
152:
137:
130:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
962:Meloidogyne mayaguenesis
801:control in bell pepper (
629:An Advanced Treatise on
983:Meloidogyne enterolobii
673:Meloidogyne mayaguensis
540:Meloidogyne mayaguensis
517:Meloidogyne mayaguensis
470:Meloidogyne enterolobii
409:can be used to control
334:Lycopersicon esculentum
184:Meloidogyne enterolobii
178:Meloidogyne enterolobii
163:Meloidogyne mayaguensis
141:Meloidogyne enterolobii
25:Meloidogyne enterolobii
675:isolates from Florida"
179:
864:Journal of Nematology
683:Journal of Nematology
585:University of Georgia
477:Journal of Nematology
177:
735:Tree Planters' Notes
826:2005CrPro..24..903G
761:The Tomato Magazine
439:Root-knot Nematodes
374:1,3-Dichloropropene
123:M. enterolobii
1118:Vegetable diseases
445:. pp. 55–97.
201:root-knot nematode
189:pacara earpod tree
180:
1100:
1099:
975:Taxon identifiers
776:Missing or empty
646:978-0-931901-01-0
452:978-1-84593-492-7
443:CAB International
342:Citrullus lanatus
326:Nicotiana tabacum
294:Solanum melongena
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964:pest information
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836:. Archived from
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763:. February 2003.
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708:. Archived from
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587:. Archived from
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393:Charleston Belle
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846:
844:
840:
820:(10): 903–908.
813:Crop Protection
807:
803:Capsicum annuum
794:
793:
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554:cite conference
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389:Carolina Wonder
350:
318:Ipomoea batatas
302:Capsicum annuum
286:
274:
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213:
148:
145:
139:
126:
34:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
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955:External links
953:
951:
950:
931:(6): 589–593.
912:
899:(5): 900–902.
874:
853:
787:
752:
749:on 2011-09-29.
718:
715:on 2012-03-26.
690:(3): 232–240.
661:
652:
645:
619:
597:
594:on 2012-03-26.
565:
528:
505:
484:(3): 381–391.
458:
451:
424:
422:
419:
415:M. enterolobii
411:M. enterolobii
401:M. enterolobii
372:(Mna+Pic) and
354:methyl bromide
349:
346:
285:
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277:M. enterolobii
273:
270:
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254:M. enterolobii
246:M. enterolobii
242:M. enterolobii
234:M. enterolobii
226:M. enterolobii
216:M. enterolobii
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1133:Endoparasites
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366:Metham sodium
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132:Binomial name
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99:Heteroderidae
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845:. Retrieved
838:the original
817:
811:
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778:|title=
769:cite journal
760:
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740:the original
733:
728:
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710:the original
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397:M. incognita
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370:chloropicrin
363:
358:M. incognita
357:
351:
341:
333:
325:
317:
314:sweet potato
309:
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293:
287:
276:
275:
272:Distribution
267:
264:Reproduction
257:
253:
250:M. incognita
249:
245:
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238:M. incognita
237:
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230:M. incognita
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24:
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1059:iNaturalist
892:HortScience
631:Meloidogyne
378:Meloidogyne
310:Glycine max
298:bell pepper
258:Meloidogyne
256:from other
221:Meloidogyne
205:bell pepper
110:Meloidogyne
79:Secernentea
1113:Tylenchida
1107:Categories
847:2011-06-28
421:References
348:Management
338:watermelon
211:Morphology
89:Tylenchida
998:Q16755278
260:species.
117:Species:
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
1077:11561792
1025:11993949
992:Wikidata
945:30812576
706:19262811
500:19295822
382:furfural
290:eggplant
154:Synonyms
95:Family:
69:Nematoda
65:Phylum:
59:Animalia
45:Domain:
1051:7024698
822:Bibcode
799:Cyperus
697:2620774
491:2618283
322:tobacco
306:soybean
156:
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
1090:390850
1064:674839
1038:MELGMY
1012:708196
943:
704:
694:
643:
498:
488:
449:
330:tomato
1072:IRMNG
887:(PDF)
841:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
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581:(PDF)
546:(PDF)
523:(PDF)
368:plus
248:from
240:) of
236:than
228:than
1085:NCBI
1046:GBIF
1033:EPPO
1007:BOLD
941:PMID
871:(4).
782:help
702:PMID
641:ISBN
560:link
496:PMID
447:ISBN
391:and
284:Host
1020:EoL
933:doi
901:doi
830:doi
745:PDF
692:PMC
486:PMC
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