42:
64:
389:
356:
and contains 1–3 weak spines and 9–18 soft rays; the pectoral fins are elongate and tapered (the superior rays being longer than the inferior rays) and contain 12–16 soft rays. The pelvic fins are thoracic to subthoracic with one spine and 6–8 soft rays; the
258:, and slightly compressed laterally. The head is large and scaleless, with its profile either bluntly rounded or with a sharp frontal angle; it is conspicuous for its prominent ridges, which are covered by thin
492:, drifting with the currents near the surface until the juveniles have reached the point where they are strong enough to determine their own direction. Study of the spawning habits of
398:
also features strong post-temporal spines directed antero-dorsally. The fine teeth lining the fish's jaws, its procurrent caudal spines, and scale circuli are also visible.
823:
862:
469:(Phosichthyidae or Photichthyidae) families. The phenomenon is explained by the likewise abundance of prey species which are also attracted to the structures.
242:
and pronounced cranial ridges, as well as for their typically dark brown to black coloration. Ridgeheads are the largest and most diverse family of their
322:
The large scales are cycloid and imbricate; they are arranged in a longitudinal series of 12–40. Usually deciduous, these scales are largest in
449:
because, rather than having an even distribution in open water, ridgeheads occur in significantly higher abundances around structural oases, notably
797:
836:
442:
and juvenile ridgeheads are present within the upper 200 metres of the water column, whereas adults are typically found much farther down.
380:, at up to 18 centimetres standard length (SL; a measurement excluding the caudal fin). Most ridgeheads are well under 10 centimetres SL.
231:. Although the family is one of the most widespread and plentiful of deep-sea families, none of its members are of interest to commercial
418:
depths (below ca. 400 metres) during the day but rise to surface waters (10–100 metres) at night to feed and (presumably) to avoid
562:
Kotlyar, A.N. (September 2008). "Revision of the genus
Poromitra (Melamphaidae): Part 2. New species of the group P. crassiceps".
934:
336:(excluding the network of cranial canals) is largely absent; when present, it is reduced to 1–2 pored scales following the
672:
661:
841:
849:
653:
63:
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745:
50:
410:
at depths as shallow as 150 metres (490 ft) to as deep as 3,400 metres (11,200 ft). Some species undergo
867:
394:
564:
503:
Although their deep-living nature protects them from predation to some degree, ridgeheads are prey to large
411:
685:
962:
898:
640:
763:
493:
916:
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877:
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281:
and serrations may further adorn the head in some species. The mouth is large and oblique; the long
41:
306:
302:
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462:
365:
315:
209:
58:
903:
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885:
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190:
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243:
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105:
956:
737:
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130:
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670:. Christian Pusch, Aike Beckmann, Filipe Mora Porteiro, and Hein von Westernhagen.
534:
403:
349:
333:
324:
224:
166:
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115:
776:
854:
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423:
172:
708:
591:
Parin, Nikolay V.; Ebeling, Alfred W. (February 1980). "A new
Western Pacific
577:
542:
435:
431:
353:
345:
344:
is forked to emarginate and possesses 3–4 procurrent spines. The single
341:
267:
148:
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270:
154:
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17:
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95:
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232:
216:
488:
externally; the eggs and larvae (and early juveniles) are buoyant and
223:; their distribution is worldwide, but ridgeheads are absent from the
815:
664:, February 2004. ISSN 1545-150X. Retrieved March 11, 2005. (PDF file)
597:
85:
802:
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610:
361:
is small and set far back, with one spine and 7–11 soft rays.
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512:
457:. This is also true of other deep-sea pelagic groups, such as the
439:
407:
387:
294:
290:
263:
220:
139:
538:
500:) indicates spawning occurs year-round, with no definite peaks.
259:
212:
683:
332:(concentric lines) are clearly visible to the unaided eye. The
481:
319:
they may exceed 20 per cent of the head's length in diameter.
310:
286:
282:
789:
668:"The influence of seamounts on mesopelagic fish communities"
340:'s upper edge. The caudal peduncle is relatively long; the
328:
species; in these and some other species, the scales'
676:, 51(1-3), 2004. Retrieved March 11, 2005. (PDF file)
438:. There is also a marked segregation of life stages:
692:
414:of several hundred metres; that is, they remain at
266:canals—similar structures are found in the
285:extend to or exceed the posterior margin of the
262:. The head is also cavernous, being riddled by
372:24–31. The largest species recorded is
8:
392:In addition to cranial ridges, the head of
289:, and are lined with villiform (brushlike)
680:
40:
31:
554:
215:. The family contains approximately 37
673:Archive of Fishery and Marine Research
376:, a Pacific ridgehead related to the
238:These fish are named for their large
7:
917:6A5BAE7A-DA30-FFAB-3AAA-FCC59993FC28
878:4e1a45c1-ef02-41d9-9659-3bace2c981a7
277:(Anoplogastridae) families. Sharp
25:
498:Scopelogadus mizolepis bispinosus
313:are usually fairly small, but in
533:(family Delphinidae); and large
62:
51:Scopelogadus mizolepis mizolepis
654:"Family Melamphaidae Gill 1893"
480:, ridgeheads produce many tiny
445:The family is sometimes termed
422:. Ridgeheads feed primarily on
662:California Academy of Sciences
523:) and Sevenstar Flying Squid (
1:
658:Annotated Checklist of Fishes
979:
434:, and other small pelagic
595:(Pisces: Melamphaidae)".
578:10.1134/S0032945208080018
368:number 7–8 and the
145:
138:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
656:. Alexander N. Kotlyar.
639:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
412:diel vertical migrations
402:Ridgeheads are meso- to
649:. October 2012 version.
465:(Sternoptychidae), and
395:Melamphaes suborbitalis
565:Journal of Ichthyology
399:
348:originates behind the
273:(Trachichthyidae) and
899:Paleobiology Database
641:"Family Melamphaidae"
391:
208:) of small, deep-sea
374:Poromitra curilensis
309:all lack teeth. The
366:branchiostegal rays
526:Martialia hyadesii
494:twospine bigscales
463:marine hatchetfish
455:continental slopes
400:
316:Poromitra megalops
210:stephanoberyciform
950:
949:
886:Open Tree of Life
686:Taxon identifiers
406:; they have been
229:Mediterranean Sea
180:
179:
134:
16:(Redirected from
970:
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855:NHMSYS0000329166
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531:oceanic dolphins
378:crested bigscale
185:, also known as
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27:Family of fishes
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630:Further reading
627:
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611:10.2307/1444136
590:
589:
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521:Dosidicus gigas
461:(Myctophidae),
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637:Froese, Rainer
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583:
572:(8): 553–564.
553:
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307:ectopterygiods
256:subcylindrical
251:
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178:
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106:Actinopterygii
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303:endopterygiod
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963:Melamphaidae
751:Melamphaidae
738:Melamphaidae
724:Melamphaidae
694:Melamphaidae
693:
671:
657:
644:
605:(1): 87–93.
602:
596:
592:
586:
569:
563:
557:
535:pelagic fish
524:
520:
515:such as the
502:
497:
471:
447:pseudoceanic
446:
444:
404:bathypelagic
401:
393:
384:Life history
373:
363:
334:lateral line
329:
325:Scopelogadus
323:
321:
314:
253:
237:
225:Arctic Ocean
205:
201:
195:Melamphaidae
194:
186:
182:
181:
171:
167:Scopelogadus
165:
161:Scopeloberyx
159:
153:
147:
146:
126:Melamphaidae
125:
116:Beryciformes
49:
29:
18:Melamphaidae
811:iNaturalist
718:Wikispecies
517:Jumbo Squid
509:albatrosses
459:lanternfish
436:crustaceans
432:euphausiids
424:zooplankton
354:pelvic fins
250:Description
197:, from the
660:, No. 29.
549:References
541:and other
537:, such as
490:planktonic
486:fertilized
484:which are
426:, such as
346:dorsal fin
342:caudal fin
268:beryciform
264:muciferous
183:Ridgeheads
149:Melamphaes
131:T. N. Gill
35:Ridgehead
593:Poromitra
543:scombrids
474:oviparous
467:lightfish
453:and over
451:seamounts
420:predators
370:vertebrae
338:operculum
299:palatines
275:fangtooth
271:slimehead
187:bigscales
155:Poromitra
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
957:Category
709:Q1549567
703:Wikidata
646:FishBase
511:; large
507:such as
505:seabirds
478:spawners
476:pelagic
428:copepods
359:anal fin
350:pectoral
219:in five
189:, are a
122:Family:
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
619:1444136
416:aphotic
408:trawled
330:circuli
233:fishery
217:species
202:melanos
112:Order:
102:Class:
940:125599
927:114215
924:uBio:
904:266080
891:190715
875:NZOR:
842:166092
829:116509
617:
598:Copeia
440:larval
305:, and
293:. The
279:spines
240:scales
221:genera
191:family
140:Genera
133:, 1893
935:WoRMS
912:Plazi
868:88706
824:IRMNG
816:85888
615:JSTOR
513:squid
295:vomer
291:teeth
244:order
206:amphi
199:Greek
863:NCBI
837:ITIS
803:5906
798:GBIF
790:5080
764:1320
759:BOLD
603:1980
539:tuna
482:eggs
364:The
352:and
311:eyes
283:jaws
260:skin
227:and
213:fish
204:and
850:NBN
785:EoL
777:CJF
772:CoL
746:AFD
733:ADW
607:doi
574:doi
529:);
472:As
287:eye
173:Sio
959::
937::
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643:.
613:.
601:.
570:48
568:.
545:.
430:,
301:,
297:,
246:.
235:.
621:.
609::
580:.
576::
519:(
496:(
193:(
20:)
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