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The detention of the viceroy and the others was followed by legal charges and physical cruelties. Talamantes was brought before a biased court. He was denied a lawyer. His enemies, among whom were members of his religious order, accused him of "disloyalty to the king and adhesion to the doctrines of
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not speak on behalf of the king; and that the king having disappeared, sovereignty was now vested in the people. His proposed congress was to represent all the provinces of New Spain. It was to be invested with the legislative authority of the new government. The courts already established were to
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In 1808, after the French invasion of Spain, the
Criollos and some of the Spanish living in New Spain wanted to proclaim the independence of the colony and establish a governing junta, similar to the anti-French juntas in the mother country. On September 1, 1808, Talamantes delivered two tracts to
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Viceroy
Iturrigaray was perceived to have some sympathy for this path, and, because of that, peninsular Spaniards opposed to that plan arrested the viceroy on the night of September 15, 1808. An investigation of the papers of Talamantes revealed him to be a leader in the movement. Many radical
181:(25 August 1808) argue that Spain had lost its sovereignty and that New Spain had the right to repossess it. His premises were that all ties to Spain had now been broken; that regional laws had to be made, independently of the mother country; that the
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exercise the judicial power, and
Viceroy Iturrigaray was to be captain general (commander of the military) and, provisionally, chief executive. This was the government of a republic; there was no provision for a king.
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213:, Veracruz as he was being transferred in chains and under guard to Spain. He was provided no medical assistance, and indeed his chains were not removed until the moment of his burial, in a common grave.
96:. This was because his reading of forbidden books and his libertarian tendencies had led to difficulties with his religious superiors. He also asked to be transferred to Spain, by way of
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Bando of
September 16, 1808, in which the deposition of Viceroy Iturrigaray and the appointment of Pedro Garibay as his replacement are announced to the population of New Spain.
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Talamantes took up residence at the convent of his Order in Mexico City, where he dedicated himself to reading and meditation. On
October 15, 1802, he delivered the lecture
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independence". His trial lasted more than six months. He was convicted and sentenced to death, then ordered transferred to Spain for the execution of the sentence.
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political tracts written by him were found in his house. Also many books were found, including some banned ones (for instance the works of
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139:, which was printed, with permission, in the same year. On November 18 he delivered in the cathedral of the city the
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157:, played cards, contracted debts, and neglected his religious offices. He was named censor of the
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and priest, a political liberal, and a leader in Mexico's movement for independence from Spain.
173:, in favor of separation from Spain and of the convoking of a Mexican congress. These tracts,
165:(city government of Mexico City). He was now the intellectual leader of the Criollo faction.
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Talamantes began attending gatherings and political meetings. He made friends of radical
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commissioned him to report on the boundaries between Texas (New Spain) and
Louisiana.
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100:(Mexico). The second request was granted on September 20, 1798, and he left from
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He is honored today in Mexico as one of the protomartyrs of independence.
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Hernåndez Silva, Héctor Cuauhtémoc and Juan Manuel Pérez
Zevallos, eds.
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In 1796 Talamantes asked for his release from the Order, to become a
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Funeral
Oracion for the Spanish soldiers killed during the war
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The End of
Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770-1830
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RepresentaciĂłn
Nacional de las Colonias, Discuso FilosĂłfico
236:, vol. 5, p. 196. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
258:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2017, pp. 122-23
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of the glorious virgin and doctor, Saint Teresa of JesĂșs
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Academic staff of the National University of San Marcos
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Proclamation of Viceroy Iturrigaray of August 11, 1808.
234:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
73:. Afterwards he served as a high official in the
302:Fray Melchor Talamantes, precursor y protomértir
282:Fray Melchor Talamantes, Escritos PĂłstumos, 1808
232:Guedea, Virginia. "Melchor de Talamantes" in
89:, a fighter for the independence of America.
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372:18th-century Peruvian Roman Catholic priests
377:19th-century Mexican Roman Catholic priests
175:Congreso Nacional del Reino de Nueva España
407:Mexican people who died in prison custody
362:Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy
63:Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy
61:At the age of 14, Talamantes entered the
367:National University of San Marcos alumni
290:"Talamantes Salvador y Baeza, Melchor",
267:Guedea, "Melchor de Talamantes", p. 196.
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392:Prisoners who died in Spanish detention
319:His work on the boundary with Louisiana
245:Guedea. "Melchor de Talamantes" p. 196.
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77:, and for two years as an assistant to
32:Melchor de Talamantes Salvador y Baeza
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387:Infectious disease deaths in Mexico
85:. During this time he came to know
23:Friar Melchor de Talamantes, O.deM.
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108:on November 26, 1799.8 August
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294:, vol. 13. Mexico City: 1987.
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300:Romero de Valle, Emilia,
397:Deaths from yellow fever
205:Fray Talamantes died of
104:for Mexico, arriving at
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71:University of San Marcos
382:Mexican revolutionaries
292:Enciclopedia de MĂ©xico
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357:People from New Spain
177:(23 August 1808) and
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67:doctorate of theology
42:– May 9, 1809,
34:) (January 10, 1765,
28:Melchor de Talamantes
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284:. Mexico City: 2009.
402:Burials in Veracruz
148:José de Iturrigaray
75:Archdiocese of Lima
40:Viceroyalty of Peru
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65:. He obtained his
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306:Historia mexicana
46:, Mexico), was a
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159:Diario de MĂ©xico
146:In 1806 Viceroy
120:Career in Mexico
16:Mexican activist
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192:Montesquieu
48:Mercedarian
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220:References
196:Adam Smith
57:Early life
30:(in full,
135:Panegyric
102:Guayaquil
98:New Spain
69:from the
155:Criollos
106:Acapulco
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