1826:
5736:
581:
942:
1205:
2404:
6030:
2416:
5898:
5697:
1122:
2146:
2200:, the Sejm was defined as "the highest organ of State authority" in Poland, as well as "the highest spokesman of the will of the people in town and country." On paper, it was vested with great lawmaking and oversight powers. For instance, it was empowered with control over "the functioning of other organs of State authority and administration," and ministers were required to answer questions posed by deputies within seven days. In practice, it did little more than rubber-stamp decisions already made by the Communist
2127:
1178:
68:
1877:, and have a certain amount of wealth. The legal voting age was 21, except for those citizens serving in the military, the personnel of which were not allowed to vote. Parliamentary sessions were initially convened every two years, and lasted for (at least) 30 days. However, after many clashes between liberal deputies and conservative government officials, sessions were later called only four times (1818, 1820, 1826, and 1830, with the last two sessions being secret). The
1075:
1083:
286:
1070:
852:
2389:
2373:
2445:
6160:
5980:
1541:
999:
1936:. Poles were elected to and represented the majority in both of these legislatures; however, they were largely powerless institutions and exercised only very limited power. After numerous failures in securing legislative sovereignty in the early 19th century, many Poles simply gave up trying to attain a degree of independence from their foreign master-states. In the
4723:
4709:
4681:
4627:
4498:
4480:
4457:
4408:
2428:
2354:
4798:
4785:
4765:
4748:
4668:
4641:
4598:
4585:
4556:
4543:
4521:
4444:
4422:
1814:
of the
Russian Empire; it was composed of the king (the Russian emperor), the upper house (Senate), and the lower house (Chamber of Deputies). Overall, during the period from 1795 until the re-establishment of Poland's sovereignty in 1918, little power was actually held by any Polish legislative body
2071:
supremacy in the system of state institutions at the expense of the executive powers, thus creating a parliamentary republic out of the Polish state. An attempt to strengthen executive powers in 1926 (through the August
Amendment) proved too limited and largely failed in helping avoid legislative
4292:
To investigate the legality, correctness, and purposefulness of operational and reconnaissance activities taken among others with the use of the "Pegasus" software by the members of the council of ministers, special forces, police, tax control authorities and customs control autorities, bodies
2000:
and re-establishment of Polish independence, the convocation of parliament, under the democratic electoral law of 1918, became an enduring symbol of the new state's wish to demonstrate and establish continuity with the 300-year Polish parliamentary traditions established before the time of the
1825:
2176:
had 460 deputies throughout most of its history. At first, this number was declared to represent one deputy per 60,000 citizens (425 were elected in 1952), but, in 1960, as the population grew, the declaration was changed: The constitution then stated that the deputies were representative
2287:
When the Sejm was not in session, the State
Council had the power to issue decrees that had the force of law. However, those decrees had to be approved by the Sejm at its next session. In practice, the principles of democratic centralism meant that such approval was only a formality.
2346:
was used), their number being proportional to their constituency's population. Additionally, a threshold is used, so that candidates are chosen only from parties that gained at least 5% of the nationwide vote (candidates from ethnic-minority parties are exempt from this threshold).
2099:
and the Senate, which were then, according to plan, to resume their activity within two months after the end of the Second World War; this, however, never happened. During wartime, the
National Council (1939–1945) was established to represent the legislature as part of the
4288:
To investigate the legality, correctness and purposefulness of actions, as well as the occurrence of abuse, neglect, and omissions regarding the legalisation of stay for foreigners within the territory of the
Republic of Poland between 12 November 2019 and 20 November
880:(known as the 'First Polish parliament') was the most notable, in that it established laws constraining the power of the ruler. It forbade arbitrary sequestration of supplies in the countryside and takeover of bishopric lands after the death of a bishop. These early
2072:
grid-lock which had ensued as a result of too-great parliamentary power in a state which had numerous diametrically-opposed political parties sitting in its legislature. In 1935, the parliamentary republic was weakened further when, by way of,
919:) in each of the Kingdom's provinces. At the time, Poland's nobility, which accounted for around 10% of the state's population (then the highest amount in Europe), was becoming particularly influential, and with the eventual development of the
4321:
1969:
In the second half of the 19th century, Poles were able to become members of the parliaments of
Austria, Prussia and Russia, where they formed Polish Clubs. Deputies of Polish nationality were elected to the Prussian
1708:"). Additionally, if the envoys were unable to reach a unanimous decision within six weeks (the time limit of a single session), deliberations were declared void and all previous acts passed by that
2145:
668:
1909:(both types of provincial governors), Russian envoys, diplomats or princes, and nine bishops. It acted as the Parliamentary Court, had the right to control "citizens' books", and had similar
6278:
1716:
resolution, by either an envoy or a senator, automatically caused the rejection of other, previously approved resolutions. This was because all resolutions passed by a given session of the
4285:
To investigate the legality, correctness, and purposefulness of actions taken with the goal of preparing and holding the Polish
Presidential Elections in 2020 in the form of postal voting
2573:
4307:
1158:
1622:, Senate and King forming the estates and supreme deliberating body of the state. In the first few decades of the 16th century, the Senate had established its precedence over the
978:
eventually became even more active in supporting the goals of the privileged classes when the King ordered that the landed nobility and their estates (peasants) be drafted into
6540:
2672:
149:
5735:
2095:
held its final pre-war session, during which it declared Poland's readiness to defend itself against invading German forces. On 2 November 1939, the
President dissolved the
6372:
6800:
3007:
2126:
6896:
6891:
6323:
2197:
1873:, with each individual serving for a term of office of six years, with third of the deputies being elected every two years. Candidates for deputy had to be able to
1137:
936:
6740:
6470:
2403:
6555:
6255:
1062:
59:
6029:
6525:
6247:
2084:, an act through which the head of state assumed the dominant position in legislating for the state and the Senate increased its power at the expense of the
2040:, one of the most democratic European constitutions enacted after the end of World War I. The constitution established a political system which was based on
1581:
5696:
4826:
2562:
2415:
6690:
6432:
5088:
Though the by-laws of the Sejm do not mention such a position, the leader of the largest opposition party is called leader of the opposition by convention.
4906:
5897:
3086:
6970:
6550:
6545:
5921:
908:
3029:
6965:
6730:
5961:
2113:
2307:
was largely subservient to the
Communist party, one deputy, Romuald Bukowski (an independent) voted against the imposition of martial law in 1982.
1865:
The
Chamber of Deputies, despite its name, consisted not only of 77 envoys (sent by local assemblies) from the hereditary nobility, but also of 51
6815:
6805:
6785:
6565:
3773:
3618:
4314:
1984:
from 1871. Polish Deputies were members of the Austrian State Council (from 1867), and from 1906 were also elected to the Russian Imperial State
1730:
1667" act. In the 16th century, no single person or small group dared to hold up proceedings, but, from the second half of the 17th century, the
6871:
6745:
6670:
6535:
6447:
4572:
3784:
3533:
1297:
397:
2551:
6851:
6823:
6750:
1491:
1483:
1479:
873:
6866:
6239:
6231:
6223:
6215:
6881:
6595:
6480:
6367:
1518:
1463:
6387:
6735:
6645:
6357:
6316:
3607:
2646:
2507:
1382:
1361:
1353:
5745:
5534:
3104:
1607:
6655:
6490:
6412:
4831:
4371:
4356:
4128:
4095:
4062:
4029:
3999:
3963:
3927:
3894:
3858:
3807:
2296:
1443:
1395:
1327:
580:
567:
555:
5706:
1966:. It is recognised today as having played a major and overwhelming positive role in the development of Polish national institutions.
1143:
765:
113:
6755:
6720:
6625:
6495:
5346:
5303:
3555:
2661:
2277:
1757:. The constitution's acceptance, and the possible long-term consequences it may have had, is arguably the reason that the powers of
1322:
589:
6841:
3048:
2996:
2253:
6886:
6846:
6760:
6710:
6620:
6560:
6407:
5864:
3477:
3441:
3405:
3369:
3333:
3297:
3261:
3225:
3195:
3168:
3129:
2913:
2892:
2853:
2802:
2754:
2706:
2013:
1926:
1574:
1286:
1278:
941:
6947:
6685:
6610:
5953:
5937:
5674:
3570:
2974:
1407:
829:
5945:
5929:
7028:
6960:
6942:
6906:
6876:
6833:
6650:
6442:
6309:
5581:
3018:
2265:
6039:
5494:
6984:
6765:
6700:
6570:
6505:
6485:
6465:
6427:
6417:
6352:
6003:
5720:
5401:
2269:
1773:, thus putting an end to over 300 years of Polish parliamentary continuity. It is estimated that between 1493 and 1793, a
1599:
1204:
846:
538:
107:
704:
6790:
6715:
6705:
6675:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6402:
6377:
6290:
5606:
5514:
3707:
3099:
2037:
1554:
817:
299:
6680:
6665:
6640:
6605:
6590:
6510:
5848:
5556:
3696:
3685:
2595:
2332:
2320:
2201:
2081:
1797:
1567:
1456:
534:
2942:
2173:
809:
6580:
6575:
6500:
6437:
6382:
6362:
5337:
4293:
established to prosecute criminals, and the proscecutor's office between 16 November 2015 and 20th of november 2023
2518:
2101:
2021:
1746:
1113:
192:
2001:
partitions. Maciej Rataj emphatically paid tribute to this with the phrase: "There is Poland there, and so is the
318:
6635:
6475:
6011:
3795:
3644:
2485:
1980:
1335:
2388:
5989:
5771:
5111:
4431:
4395:
3740:
3674:
3633:
2273:
2261:
2186:
2109:
1952:
1603:
1224:
1212:
1121:
309:
247:
225:
5172:
4508:
3592:
2963:
2584:
1933:
1819:) and Austria propagated legislation for their own respective formerly-Polish territories at a national level.
1618:. The Commonwealth ensured that the state of affairs surrounding the three-estates system continued, with the
254:
214:
180:
176:
6117:
2268:, and members of the State Council. It also chose many other government officials, including the head of the
2204:
and its executive bodies. This was standard practice in nearly all Communist regimes due to the principle of
6093:
6077:
6061:
5856:
5779:
5516:
Being Polish/Becoming European: Gender and The Limits of Diffusion in Polish Accession to the European Union
4968:
3081:
2694:
2372:
2228:
2108:, the Council of National Unity was set up; this body functioned from 1944 to 1945 as the parliament of the
1860:
1804:
1302:
1267:
1259:
892:
825:
236:
6133:
6125:
6109:
6101:
6085:
6069:
2444:
6861:
6053:
5907:
3718:
3655:
2985:
2683:
2657:
2529:
2496:
2464:
2343:
2117:
2053:
2025:
1870:
1668:
1270:
1196:
1033:
1020:
798:
773:
372:
1289:
6615:
6585:
3544:
3059:
2205:
1340:
752:
700:
388:
352:
31:
6159:
5979:
3581:
2353:
2073:
6207:
6191:
164:
6725:
6199:
6183:
5835:
2105:
1835:
1770:
1656:
1471:
1402:
1238:
1054:
964:
960:
732:
724:
693:
5522:(Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) thesis). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. p. 167.
6775:
6286:
5872:
5667:
5479:
5120:
4165:
2316:
2249:
2132:
1948:
1941:
1925:(1815–1846), a unicameral Assembly of Representatives was established, and from 1827, a unicameral
1922:
1866:
1672:
1664:
1615:
1524:
1412:
1315:
1251:
1184:
1177:
1098:
895:, it became a regularly convening body, to which indirect elections were held every two years. The
156:
127:
2112:. With the cessation of hostilities in 1945, and subsequent rise to power of the Communist-backed
5268:
5264:
4925:
4491:
4486:
3596:
3117:
1937:
1886:
1171:
1046:
1012:
989:
979:
863:
824:, all state organs were subservient to it. However, in practice it was widely considered to be a
787:
748:
542:
335:
322:
6600:
1101:
134:
17:
1889:
legal issues, and, with permission from the king, it could also vote on matters related to the
5647:
5328:
5231:
5181:
5129:
4846:
4530:
3559:
2339:
2077:
1893:
and the military. It had the right to exercise control over government officials, and to file
1843:
1758:
1720:
formed a whole resolution, and, as such, was published as the annual "constituent act" of the
1514:
1509:
1233:
791:
363:
344:
184:
90:
5880:
5366:
PSL was a left-wing party until about 2008, and shifted towards the centre-right afterwards.
5294:
4861:
4346:
3729:
2292:
2281:
1960:
1129:
1074:
896:
783:
712:
639:
525:
172:
1082:
67:
6937:
6856:
5285:
5138:
4876:
3751:
3070:
2427:
2220:
2190:
2009:
1997:
1811:
1786:
1683:
1595:
1369:
1069:
678:
661:
285:
258:
188:
1636:("middle nobility"). Its chambers reserved the final decisions in legislation, taxation,
820:
in the country. It was the only government branch in the state, and per the principle of
6301:
5463:
6901:
6660:
5795:
5660:
5102:
4999:
3629:
1831:
1762:
1687:
1645:
1374:
1150:
953:
920:
203:
168:
160:
7023:
7017:
6932:
6927:
6795:
6457:
6141:
5250:
5059:
5044:
4891:
2151:
1975:
1890:
1816:
1749:, a piece of legislation which was passed as the "Government Act", and for which the
1545:
1028:
971:
821:
813:
210:
877:
6922:
6397:
1793:
1696:
1192:
851:
690:
2189:", a non-proportional, "four-point" version was used. Legislation was passed with
1686:
process was the most commonly used system for voting. Later, with the rise of the
866:
word meaning "gathering" or "meeting") traces its roots to the King's Councils –
6336:
6332:
5811:
5787:
5763:
5206:
5029:
4984:
4953:
4614:
4467:
3762:
2041:
2033:
1910:
1847:
1726:
1649:
1220:
1105:
716:
708:
686:
406:
331:
232:
138:
85:
5642:
5409:
6630:
6422:
6344:
5803:
5014:
2433:
1882:
1754:
946:
6999:
6986:
911:; and the Chamber of Deputies, made up of 54 envoys elected by smaller local
828:
legislature which existed to approve decisions made by the ruling party, the
6392:
2540:
2240:
1905:
1694:
principle was re-introduced with the institution of the nobility's right of
1691:
1679:
531:
1667:
in Commonwealth territory, ensuring a refuge for those fleeing the ongoing
974:
grew in number and power as they pressed the king for more privileges. The
5475:
5147:
1894:
1874:
1790:
1641:
1632:
832:(PZPR) as a formality, and which had little or no real power of its own.
794:
2154:, Minister of Foreign Affairs, delivers his famous Honour Speech in the
998:
5448:
Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism, 1870-1933/39
2338:
Between 7 and 20 deputies are elected from each constituency using the
2057:
1899:
1766:
2319:
in 1989, the Senate was reinstated as the second house of a bicameral
2044:'s doctrine of separation of powers, and which restored the bicameral
6282:
6169:
5687:
4919:
2364:
2216:
1777:
was held 240 times, the total debate-time sum of which was 44 years.
1637:
1419:
916:
720:
593:
5759:
Only a limited number of individual sejms of this era is listed here
5643:
Description of the modern Sejm's role in the Polish political system
1869:, elected by the non-noble population. All deputies were covered by
1712:
were annulled. From the mid-17th century onward, any objection to a
5652:
5635:
2185:
the people, but this article was never used, and, instead of the "
1951:. After this, in the mid to late 19th century, only in autonomous
1701:
1431:
940:
850:
4274:
To consider draft laws regarding the right to terminate pregnancy
2048:
consisting of a chamber of deputies (to which alone the name of "
5545:(1). Instytut Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego: 232.
5535:"Ideologia Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego na początku XXI wieku"
1705:
868:
6305:
5656:
786:
and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573
623:
8% for coalitions, 0% for ethnic minority electoral committees
5459:
5457:
2303:
became the sole legislative body in Poland. Even though the
2284:(the last three bodies of which were created in the 1980s).
2227:
deliberated in sessions that were ordered to convene by the
1955:(1861–1914) was there a unicameral and functional National
645:
1988:(lower chamber) and to the State Council (upper chamber).
1897:. The 64-member Senate on the other hand, was composed of
1815:
and the occupying powers of Russia, Prussia (later united
790:
strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, making Poland a
1738:, and brought the Commonwealth to the brink of collapse.
454:
Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry
2067:
The legal content of the March Constitution allowed for
5582:"Komisje nadzwyczajne - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
855:
The first Sejm in Łęczyca. Recording of laws. A.D. 1180
4203:
Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry
3518:
2948:
2470:
2052:" was from then on applied) and the Senate. In 1919,
642:
606:
805:
has referred only to the lower house of parliament.
699:
The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the
6915:
6832:
6814:
6774:
6456:
6343:
6168:
6157:
6038:
6027:
5988:
5977:
5906:
5895:
5834:
5827:
5744:
5733:
5705:
5694:
648:
617:
599:
573:
561:
549:
523:
518:
415:
292:
272:
267:
245:
223:
201:
147:
125:
120:
102:
97:
79:
74:
41:
5607:"Komisje śledcze - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
5493:
2060:party, became the first woman ever elected to the
1630:became a very powerful representative body of the
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
442:Digitization, Innovation and Modern Technology
5557:"Komisje stałe - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
2223:that were a fixture of communist economies. The
1614:was supplemented with new envoys from among the
776:parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (
4330:Standings in the 10th Sejm and the 11th Senate
2244:("presiding body") from among its members. The
4191:Digitization, Innovation and Modern Technology
2036:. This was then strengthened, in 1921, by the
6317:
5668:
4315:
1575:
8:
1771:partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
872:– which gained authority during the time of
777:
756:
742:
736:
481:Local Self-Government and Regional Policy
48:
4907:National Assembly of the Republic of Poland
4168:with responsibilities in particular areas.
2331:is now composed of 460 deputies elected by
1796:between 1807 and 1815, and its short-lived
1626:; however, from the mid-1500s onwards, the
6324:
6310:
6302:
6165:
6035:
5985:
5903:
5831:
5741:
5702:
5675:
5661:
5653:
4322:
4308:
1582:
1568:
984:
937:Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
38:
5495:"Romuald Bukowski; Polish Legislator, 64"
5482:Federal Research Division, December 1989.
5435:. Columbia University Press. p. 302.
4227:Local Self-Government and Regional Policy
1834:tries to prevent the legalisation of the
484:Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation
5492:The Associated Press (22 October 1992).
4302:
2409:Sessions chamber viewed from the rostrum
2135:speaking to envoys and diplomats in the
2114:Provisional Government of National Unity
5378:
5081:
4827:Electoral districts of Poland (1935–39)
2421:Marshal's chair in the sessions chamber
2349:
2342:(with one exception, in 2001, when the
2122:
2080:, the president was forced to sign the
1913:rights as did the Chamber of Deputies.
1821:
1745:was abolished with the adoption of the
987:
425:
27:Lower house of the parliament of Poland
4230:Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation
1644:matters (including military funding),
884:s only convened at the King's behest.
427:Administration and Internal Affairs
5433:God's Playground: A History of Poland
4334:
2020:, a Constituent Assembly, passed the
660:
7:
2028:and proclaimed the principle of the
2012:of Poland's independence, the first
959:of 1788–1792 and Senate adopted the
430:Agriculture and Rural Development
4176:Administration and Internal Affairs
1881:had the right to call for votes on
1734:was used to virtually paralyze the
1678:Until the end of the 16th century,
451:Energy, Climate and State Assets
5533:Szustakiewicz, Przemysław (2010).
4832:Polish constitutional crisis, 2015
2459:Historical composition of the Sejm
2256:. In its preliminary session, the
1663:officially sanction and guarantee
25:
5865:Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen
5450:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 985.
4179:Agriculture and Rural Development
2252:, who was always a member of the
2181:the people and could be recalled
1842:from leaving the chamber (1773).
1838:by preventing the members of the
1755:four years to propagate and adopt
927:s powers increased dramatically.
903:then comprised two chambers: the
751:. The Sejm is presided over by a
487:National and Ethnic Minorities
6971:National unicameral legislatures
6541:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6279:Members from Kraków constituency
6158:
6028:
5978:
5896:
5734:
5695:
5446:Strauss, Herbert Arthur (1993).
4796:
4783:
4763:
4746:
4722:
4721:
4708:
4707:
4680:
4679:
4666:
4639:
4626:
4625:
4596:
4583:
4554:
4541:
4519:
4497:
4496:
4479:
4478:
4456:
4455:
4442:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4200:Energy, Climate and State Assets
2443:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2387:
2371:
2352:
2144:
2125:
1824:
1690:and their increasing power, the
1539:
1203:
1176:
1144:Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska
1120:
1081:
1073:
1068:
997:
638:
579:
433:Constitutional Accountability
284:
66:
18:Members of Polish Sejm 1997–2001
6966:National bicameral legislatures
6948:List of legislatures by country
4771:
4695:
4654:
4611:
4569:
4527:
4505:
4464:
4428:
4392:
1947:operated until the time of the
448:Education, Science and Youth
6943:List of abolished lower houses
6004:Home Political Representation
4797:
4784:
4764:
4747:
4667:
4640:
4597:
4584:
4555:
4542:
4520:
4443:
4421:
4233:National and Ethnic Minorities
2327:remained the first house. The
2266:Council of Ministers of Poland
2248:was headed by the speaker, or
1608:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
931:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
876:(1146-1295). The 1180 Sejm in
747:) elected every four years by
683:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
675:Sejm of the Republic of Poland
499:Rules and Deputies' Affairs
50:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
43:Sejm of the Republic of Poland
1:
5721:Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland
4182:Constitutional Accountability
3522:
2952:
2474:
970:Over time, the envoys in the
917:assemblies of landed nobility
847:Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland
755:, the "Marshal of the Sejm" (
568:On or before 11 November 2027
493:Physic Education and Sport
5849:Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw
4242:Physical Education and Sport
4197:Education, Science and Youth
1298:Supreme Administrative Court
830:Polish United Workers' Party
818:supreme organ of state power
808:During the existence of the
478:Liaison with Poles Abroad
6142:Tenth Term (Contract) Sejm
6040:People's Republic of Poland
4271:For changes in codification
4248:Rules and Deputies' Affairs
3515:Third republic (since 1989)
2333:proportional representation
2202:Polish United Workers Party
1974:from 1848, and then to the
1917:Germany and Austria-Hungary
1464:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
907:(Senate) of 81 bishops and
673:), officially known as the
535:proportional representation
505:Social Policy and Family
472:Justice and Human Rights
7045:
6012:Council of National Unity
5513:Gerber, Alexandra (2011).
2270:Supreme Chamber of Control
2102:Polish Government in Exile
2082:April Constitution of 1935
2022:Small Constitution of 1919
1858:
1747:Constitution of 3 May 1791
1682:was not required, and the
934:
899:was also established; the
844:
772:referred to an entire two-
731:). The Sejm comprises 460
460:Family and Women Rights
445:Economy and Development
150:Deputy Marshal of the Sejm
29:
6956:
6271:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4730:
4688:
4647:
4604:
4562:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4385:
4344:
4337:
4224:Liaison with Poles Abroad
3521:
2951:
2473:
2299:in 1946, after which the
2091:On 2 September 1939, the
1940:, a relatively powerless
1836:first partition of Poland
1606:as one single state, the
622:
604:
587:
578:
457:European Union Affairs
283:
65:
58:
6801:Northern Mariana Islands
6526:Central African Republic
5990:Polish Underground State
5857:Sejm of Congress Poland
4280:Investigative committees
4266:Extraordinary committees
4254:Social Policy and Family
4218:Justice and Human Rights
3806:
3525:
3128:
2955:
2705:
2629: Others/Independent
2477:
2394:Sessions chamber in the
2187:five-point electoral law
2174:Polish People's Republic
2164:Polish People's Republic
2163:
2120:legally ceased to exist.
2110:Polish Underground State
1604:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1396:Administrative divisions
1213:Prime Minister of Poland
810:Polish People's Republic
715:, it forms the national
707:in 1989. Along with the
705:transition of government
248:Leader of the Opposition
6054:State National Council
5476:Poland: a country study
5431:Davies, Norman (1982).
4657:Independents and Locals
4194:Economy and Development
2278:Constitutional Tribunal
1861:Sejm of Congress Poland
1362:Major political parties
1279:Constitutional Tribunal
1260:Supreme Court of Poland
792:constitutional elective
590:Sejm and Senate Complex
262:since 13 December 2023
240:since 13 December 2023
218:since 13 November 2023
196:since 13 November 2023
142:since 13 December 2023
6373:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5908:Second Polish Republic
4206:European Union Affairs
2118:Second Polish Republic
2054:Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer
2026:parliamentary republic
1992:Second Polish Republic
1871:Parliamentary immunity
1801:of the Duchy of Warsaw
1785:After the fall of the
1659:saw the nobles of the
1650:confirment of nobility
1480:Diplomatic missions of
1021:Constitution of Poland
967:
965:Royal Castle in Warsaw
874:Poland's fragmentation
856:
799:Second Polish Republic
778:
757:
743:
737:
728:
682:
49:
7029:National lower houses
6961:National upper houses
6546:Republic of the Congo
5539:Studia Politologiczne
4912:Zgromadzenie Narodowe
4509:Polish People's Party
4164:The Sejm has several
2311:Third Polish Republic
2295:was abolished by the
2254:United People's Party
2206:democratic centralism
2024:, which introduced a
1934:Grand Duchy of Poznań
1789:, which existed as a
944:
854:
729:Zgromadzenie Narodowe
701:Third Polish Republic
353:Confidence and supply
181:Włodzimierz Czarzasty
32:Sejm (disambiguation)
5873:Sejm of the Estates
5466:of 1952 Constitution
4172:Permanent committees
2219:and on the periodic
2106:Nazi-occupied Poland
1657:Warsaw Confederation
1598:in 1569, united the
1055:Parliament of Poland
961:May 3rd Constitution
816:parliament, was the
694:parliament of Poland
436:Culture and Media
30:For other uses, see
7000:52.2252°N 21.0280°E
6996: /
6897:Portugal (Republic)
6741:Trinidad and Tobago
6471:Antigua and Barbuda
6291:Seimas of Lithuania
6287:Seimas of Lithuania
5480:Library of Congress
4855:Sejm skonfederowany
4387:Parliamentary clubs
4331:
4166:standing committees
4160:Standing committees
2637: Catholic Bloc
2450:Column hall in the
2344:Sainte-Laguë method
2272:and members of the
2260:also nominated the
1923:Free City of Cracow
1810:was established in
1673:Counter-Reformation
1665:religious tolerance
1616:Lithuanian nobility
1271:Małgorzata Manowska
1185:President of Poland
887:Following the 1493
812:, the Sejm, then a
711:of parliament, the
508:Special Services
490:National Defense
439:Deputies' Ethics
157:Monika Wielichowska
128:Marshal of the Sejm
6892:Portugal (Kingdom)
6862:Kingdom of Ireland
6556:Dominican Republic
6232:Seventh Term Sejm
6170:Republic of Poland
6118:Seventh Term Sejm
5836:Partitioned Poland
5772:Pacification Sejm
5648:CNN Election Watch
5500:The New York Times
5412:on 15 October 2019
4649:Senatorial circles
4606:Deputative circles
4303:
2335:every four years.
2056:, a member of the
2038:March Constitution
1938:Austrian partition
1808:of Congress Poland
1063:Current Parliament
990:Politics of Poland
968:
857:
788:Henrician Articles
543:election threshold
496:Public Finances
463:Foreign Affairs
255:Jarosław Kaczyński
6979:
6978:
6778:other territories
6566:Equatorial Guinea
6299:
6298:
6267:
6266:
6259:
6251:
6243:
6240:Eighth Term Sejm
6235:
6227:
6219:
6211:
6208:Fourth Term Sejm
6203:
6195:
6192:Second Term Sejm
6187:
6176:
6153:
6152:
6145:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6094:Fourth Term Sejm
6089:
6081:
6078:Second Term Sejm
6073:
6065:
6062:Legislative Sejm
6057:
6046:
6023:
6022:
6015:
6007:
5996:
5973:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5954:Fourth Term Sejm
5949:
5941:
5938:Second Term Sejm
5933:
5925:
5922:Legislative Sejm
5914:
5891:
5890:
5884:
5881:Sejm of the Land
5876:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5842:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5780:Convocation Sejm
5775:
5767:
5753:
5746:Polish–Lithuanian
5729:
5728:
5713:
5707:Kingdom of Poland
4978:Sejm konwokacyjny
4934:Sejmik wojewódzki
4870:Sejm konwokacyjny
4815:
4814:
4299:Current standings
4185:Culture and Media
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4123:
4122:
4090:
4089:
4057:
4056:
4024:
4023:
3994:
3993:
3958:
3957:
3922:
3921:
3889:
3888:
3853:
3852:
3802:
3801:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3472:
3471:
3436:
3435:
3400:
3399:
3364:
3363:
3328:
3327:
3292:
3291:
3256:
3255:
3220:
3219:
3190:
3189:
3163:
3162:
3124:
3123:
3039: Independent
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2908:
2907:
2887:
2886:
2848:
2847:
2797:
2796:
2749:
2748:
2701:
2700:
2321:national assembly
2280:, as well as the
2198:1952 Constitution
1949:Spring of Nations
1600:Kingdom of Poland
1592:
1591:
1546:Poland portal
1472:Radosław Sikorski
1457:Foreign relations
1354:Political parties
909:other dignitaries
841:Kingdom of Poland
766:Kingdom of Poland
725:National Assembly
627:
626:
539:41 constituencies
469:Infrastructure
91:Polish parliament
53:
16:(Redirected from
7036:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7005:52.2252; 21.0280
7001:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6882:Northern Ireland
6867:Irish Free State
6326:
6319:
6312:
6303:
6257:
6256:Tenth Term Sejm
6249:
6248:Ninth Term Sejm
6241:
6233:
6225:
6224:Sixth Term Sejm
6217:
6216:Fifth Term Sejm
6209:
6201:
6200:Third Term Sejm
6193:
6185:
6184:First Term Sejm
6177:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6143:
6135:
6134:Ninth Term Sejm
6127:
6126:Eight Term Sejm
6119:
6111:
6110:Sixth Term Sejm
6103:
6102:Fifth Term Sejm
6095:
6087:
6086:Third Term Sejm
6079:
6071:
6070:First Term Sejm
6063:
6055:
6047:
6044:
6036:
6032:
6013:
6005:
5997:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5963:
5962:Fifth Term Sejm
5955:
5947:
5946:Third Term Sejm
5939:
5931:
5930:First Term Sejm
5923:
5915:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5843:
5840:
5832:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5754:
5751:
5742:
5738:
5714:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5654:
5639:
5638:
5636:Official website
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5497:
5489:
5483:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5408:. Archived from
5406:opis.sejm.gov.pl
5398:
5367:
5364:
5358:
5354:
5345:
5336:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5262:
5256:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5214:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5180:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5156:Independent (14)
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5110:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5071:
5068:Sejm Kontraktowy
5056:
5041:
5038:Sejm grodzieński
5026:
5011:
4996:
4993:Sejm Repninowski
4981:
4965:
4937:
4915:
4903:
4888:
4885:Sejm koronacyjny
4873:
4858:
4800:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4767:
4766:
4750:
4749:
4725:
4724:
4711:
4710:
4683:
4682:
4670:
4669:
4643:
4642:
4629:
4628:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4586:
4564:Deputative clubs
4558:
4557:
4545:
4544:
4523:
4522:
4500:
4499:
4482:
4481:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4445:
4424:
4423:
4410:
4409:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4257:Special Services
4236:National Defense
4188:Deputies' Ethics
4134:
4133:
4101:
4100:
4068:
4067:
4035:
4034:
4005:
4004:
3969:
3968:
3933:
3932:
3900:
3899:
3864:
3863:
3813:
3812:
3793:
3782:
3771:
3760:
3749:
3738:
3727:
3716:
3705:
3694:
3683:
3672:
3664:
3653:
3642:
3627:
3616:
3605:
3590:
3579:
3568:
3553:
3542:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3483:
3482:
3447:
3446:
3411:
3410:
3375:
3374:
3339:
3338:
3303:
3302:
3267:
3266:
3231:
3230:
3201:
3200:
3174:
3173:
3135:
3134:
3115:
3108:
3097:
3090:
3079:
3068:
3057:
3046:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3005:
2994:
2983:
2972:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2919:
2918:
2898:
2897:
2859:
2858:
2808:
2807:
2760:
2759:
2712:
2711:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2655:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2621: Ukrainians
2620:
2612:
2604:
2593:
2582:
2571:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2505:
2494:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2447:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2391:
2375:
2356:
2317:end of communism
2148:
2133:Stanisław Dubois
2129:
2104:. Meanwhile, in
1828:
1769:then decided to
1759:Habsburg Austria
1675:wars in Europe.
1584:
1577:
1570:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1444:Cities and towns
1439:
1427:
1290:Julia Przyłębska
1207:
1180:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1124:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1001:
985:
980:military service
897:bicameral system
781:
760:
749:universal ballot
746:
740:
672:
671:
670:
664:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
644:
637:
613:
610:
608:
583:
502:Senior Policy
405:
396:
387:
380:Opposition (212)
371:
362:
343:
330:
317:
308:
294:Political groups
288:
173:Piotr Zgorzelski
165:Dorota Niedziela
70:
52:
47:
39:
21:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7014:
7013:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6975:
6952:
6938:Multicameralism
6911:
6828:
6810:
6777:
6770:
6452:
6339:
6330:
6300:
6295:
6263:
6173:
6172:
6149:
6043:
6042:
6019:
5993:
5992:
5969:
5911:
5910:
5887:
5839:
5838:
5819:
5796:Partition Sejm
5760:
5750:
5747:
5725:
5710:
5709:
5690:
5681:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5611:www.sejm.gov.pl
5605:
5604:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5586:www.sejm.gov.pl
5580:
5579:
5575:
5565:
5563:
5561:www.sejm.gov.pl
5555:
5554:
5550:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5519:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5455:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5413:
5400:
5399:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5355:Independent (3)
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5312:Independent (5)
5309:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5263:
5259:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5215:Independent (3)
5212:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5190:Independent (1)
5187:
5178:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5153:
5144:
5135:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5065:
5050:
5035:
5020:
5008:Sejm rozbiorowy
5005:
4990:
4975:
4959:
4950:
4931:
4909:
4897:
4882:
4867:
4852:
4843:
4823:
4817:
4432:Civic Coalition
4396:Law and Justice
4377:
4370:
4362:
4355:
4329:
4328:
4301:
4296:
4278:
4264:
4245:Public Finances
4209:Foreign Affairs
4162:
3798:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3636:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3517:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2947:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2469:
2465:Second Republic
2461:
2454:
2448:
2439:
2431:
2422:
2419:
2410:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2357:
2313:
2191:majority voting
2166:
2159:
2149:
2140:
2130:
2074:Józef Piłsudski
2010:interwar period
1998:First World War
1994:
1932:existed in the
1919:
1863:
1857:
1855:Congress Poland
1850:
1829:
1812:Congress Poland
1787:Duchy of Warsaw
1783:
1688:Polish magnates
1684:majority-voting
1610:, and thus the
1596:Union of Lublin
1588:
1559:
1555:Other countries
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1476:
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1102:Szymon Hołownia
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758:Marszałek Sejmu
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2274:State Tribunal
2262:Prime Minister
2221:national plans
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1945:of the Estates
1918:
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1887:administrative
1875:read and write
1859:Main article:
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1832:Tadeusz Rejtan
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1646:foreign policy
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864:Proto-Lechitic
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6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6448:United States
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6327:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6260:
6254:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6222:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6156:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6124:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6026:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5976:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5802:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5549:
5544:
5541:(in Polish).
5540:
5536:
5529:
5526:
5518:
5517:
5509:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5442:
5439:
5434:
5427:
5424:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5402:"Poznaj Sejm"
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5363:
5360:
5351:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5308:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5211:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5075:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4850:
4847:Confederated
4845:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4803:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:Total members
4729:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Confederation
4571:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4493:
4488:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4372:2023 election
4368:
4365:
4363:23 July 2024
4360:
4358:
4357:2023 election
4353:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4260:State Control
4259:
4256:
4253:
4251:Senior Policy
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3786:
3778:
3775:
3767:
3764:
3756:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3734:
3731:
3723:
3720:
3712:
3709:
3701:
3698:
3690:
3687:
3679:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3657:
3649:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3583:
3575:
3572:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3546:
3538:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3064:
3061:
3053:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3001:
2998:
2990:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2613: Germans
2608:
2600:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2556:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2534:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2501:
2498:
2490:
2487:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:also chose a
2237:
2232:
2230:
2229:State Council
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:voted on the
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2158:, 5 May 1939.
2157:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:German Empire
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:fiscal policy
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:Other parties
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:Parliamentary
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
991:
986:
983:
981:
977:
973:
972:lower chamber
966:
962:
958:
957:
951:
950:
943:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:
865:
861:
853:
848:
840:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
822:unified power
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
801:(1918–1939),
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
780:
779:Izba Poselska
775:
771:
767:
762:
759:
754:
750:
745:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
663:
653:
632:
621:
616:
612:
603:
598:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
574:Meeting place
572:
569:
566:
563:Next election
560:
557:
554:
551:Last election
548:
544:
541:(5% national
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:Voting system
522:
517:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
418:
414:
408:
402:
399:
393:
390:
384:
383:
382:
381:
374:
368:
365:
359:
358:
357:
356:
354:
346:
340:
337:
333:
327:
324:
320:
314:
311:
305:
304:
303:
301:
297:
291:
287:
282:
279:
276:460 deputies
275:
271:
266:
260:
256:
252:
249:
244:
238:
234:
230:
227:
222:
216:
212:
211:Marek Sawicki
208:
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6981:
6923:Bicameralism
6721:South Africa
6695:
6337:legislatures
6335:of national
6333:Lower houses
6175:(since 1990)
5812:Grodno Sejm
5788:Repnin Sejm
5764:Silent Sejm
5748:Commonwealth
5683:
5614:. Retrieved
5610:
5601:
5589:. Retrieved
5585:
5576:
5564:. Retrieved
5560:
5551:
5542:
5538:
5528:
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5037:
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4970:
4969:Convocation
4961:
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4945:
4933:
4927:
4926:Voivodeship
4918:
4911:
4899:
4893:
4884:
4878:
4869:
4863:
4862:Convocation
4854:
4848:
4839:
4816:
4758:
4753:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4698:Independents
4690:Independents
4689:
4648:
4605:
4563:
4386:
4378:8 July 2024
4339:
4279:
4277:
4265:
4263:
4171:
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3665: Others
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2395:
2379:
2363:building in
2360:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2323:, while the
2314:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2286:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2212:
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2178:
2169:
2167:
2155:
2136:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2049:
2045:
2029:
2015:
2014:Legislative
2007:
2002:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1942:
1928:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1878:
1864:
1839:
1805:
1798:
1794:client state
1784:
1774:
1750:
1743:liberum veto
1742:
1740:
1735:
1732:liberum veto
1731:
1725:
1724:, e.g. the "
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1697:liberum veto
1695:
1677:
1660:
1654:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1593:
1525:Armed forces
1435:
1423:
1360:
1323:Presidential
1277:
1258:
1211:
1202:
1193:Andrzej Duda
1183:
1128:
1119:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1067:
1053:
1034:Human rights
1019:
975:
969:
955:
948:
924:
912:
904:
900:
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867:
862:(an ancient
859:
858:
826:rubber stamp
807:
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769:
763:
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630:
628:
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378:
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7003: /
6872:South Korea
6806:Puerto Rico
6796:Isle of Man
6711:Saint Lucia
6691:Philippines
6671:Netherlands
6611:Ivory Coast
6443:Switzerland
6433:South Sudan
6250:(2019–2023)
6202:(1997–2001)
5883:(1861–1918)
5875:(1775–1845)
5867:(1823–1918)
5841:(1795–1918)
5804:Great Sejm
5752:(1569–1795)
5712:(1385–1569)
5267:elected on
5265:Adam Gomoła
5053:Sejm Śląski
5023:Sejm Wielki
4877:Coronation
4805:Total seats
4468:Poland 2050
4335:Affiliation
4221:Legislative
3103: [
3085: [
2945:(1945–1989)
2467:(1918–1939)
2382:s main hall
2042:Montesquieu
2034:sovereignty
2008:During the
1964:of the Land
1927:provincial
1911:legislative
1848:Jan Matejko
1727:Anno Domini
1669:Reformation
1492:Ambassadors
1403:Voivodeship
1341:Referendums
1221:Donald Tusk
1047:Legislature
768:, the term
717:legislature
709:upper house
687:lower house
373:Independent
233:Donald Tusk
86:Lower house
7018:Categories
6991:21°01′41″E
6988:52°13′31″N
6824:Somaliland
6756:Uzbekistan
6731:Tajikistan
6651:Madagascar
6631:Kazakhstan
5616:28 January
5591:28 January
5566:28 January
5374:References
5055:1920–1939)
5025:1788–1792)
5010:1773–1776)
5000:Partition
4995:1767–1768)
4962:Sejm Niemy
4345:Senators (
4338:Deputies (
2605: Jews
2596:Minorities
2315:After the
2297:referendum
2196:Under the
2152:Józef Beck
1996:After the
1906:kasztelans
1791:Napoleonic
1781:Partitions
1648:, and the
1470:Minister:
1239:Ministries
1013:Government
954:Four-Year
814:unicameral
738:deputowany
735:(singular
703:since the
685:), is the
416:Committees
300:Government
121:Leadership
108:historical
6907:Venezuela
6877:Nicaragua
6596:Indonesia
6358:Australia
6353:Argentina
6242:(2015–19)
6234:(2011–15)
6226:(2007–11)
6218:(2005–07)
6210:(2001–05)
6194:(1993–97)
6186:(1991–93)
6136:(1985–89)
6128:(1980–85)
6120:(1976–80)
6112:(1972–76)
6104:(1969–72)
6096:(1965–69)
6088:(1961–65)
6080:(1957–61)
6072:(1952–56)
6064:(1947–52)
6056:(1943–47)
6045:(1945–89)
6014:(1944–45)
6006:(1943–44)
5995:(1939–45)
5964:(1938–39)
5956:(1935–38)
5948:(1930–35)
5940:(1928–30)
5932:(1922–27)
5924:(1919–22)
5913:(1918–39)
5859:(1815–31)
5851:(1809–12)
5806:(1788–91)
5798:(1773–75)
5790:(1767–68)
5464:Chapter 3
5269:Third Way
5060:Contract
5045:Silesian
4892:Election
4838:Types of
2541:Centrolew
2282:Ombudsman
2246:Prezydium
2241:Prezydium
1981:Reichstag
1895:petitions
1753:required
1692:unanimity
1680:unanimity
1655:The 1573
1519:political
1484:in Poland
1432:Communes
1420:Counties
1316:Elections
1287:President
1252:Judiciary
1172:Executive
727:(Polish:
723:known as
691:bicameral
636:English:
618:Footnotes
532:Open-list
519:Elections
466:Health
268:Structure
60:10th term
6766:Zimbabwe
6736:Thailand
6716:Slovenia
6686:Paraguay
6571:Eswatini
6536:Colombia
6521:Cameroon
6516:Cambodia
6486:Barbados
6418:Pakistan
6398:Malaysia
6388:Ethiopia
6275:See also
4944:Notable
4821:See also
4615:Kukiz'15
4531:The Left
4239:Petition
3008:PSL "NW"
2276:and the
2078:May Coup
1900:voivodes
1867:deputies
1844:Painting
1704:: "free
1642:treasury
1633:szlachta
1602:and the
1413:marshals
1408:voivodes
893:Piotrków
795:monarchy
733:deputies
364:The Left
345:The Left
6916:Related
6857:Hungary
6834:Defunct
6791:Bermuda
6751:Uruguay
6701:Romania
6666:Namibia
6661:Myanmar
6656:Morocco
6646:Liberia
6641:Lesotho
6616:Jamaica
6601:Ireland
6586:Grenada
6511:Burundi
6506:Bolivia
6491:Belarus
6481:Bahrain
6476:Bahamas
6466:Algeria
6458:Unitary
6428:Somalia
6413:Nigeria
6368:Belgium
6363:Austria
6345:Federal
5416:16 June
5030:Grodno
4985:Repnin
4954:Silent
4381:Change
4366:Change
3608:Germans
2574:PSL "P"
2563:PSL "W"
2552:PSL "L"
2250:Marshal
2172:in the
2058:Zionist
2018:of 1919
1972:Landtag
1953:Galicia
1921:In the
1817:Germany
1767:Prussia
1515:History
1510:Economy
1234:Cabinet
1138:Marshal
1099:Marshal
963:at the
878:Łęczyca
836:History
782:), the
774:chamber
764:In the
753:speaker
689:of the
658:Polish:
600:Website
103:Founded
98:History
89:of the
6902:Sweden
6852:Guyana
6706:Rwanda
6696:Poland
6626:Jordan
6576:France
6501:Bhutan
6496:Belize
6423:Russia
6403:Mexico
6383:Canada
6378:Brazil
6283:Sejmik
6144:(1989)
5828:
5814:(1793)
5782:(1764)
5774:(1736)
5766:(1717)
5688:Poland
5353:
5344:
5335:
5326:
5310:
5301:
5292:
5283:
5248:
5229:
5213:
5207:PL2050
5204:
5188:
5179:
5170:
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5136:
5127:
5121:Greens
5118:
5109:
5100:
5015:Great
4973:(1764)
4928:sejmik
4920:Sejmik
4774:Vacant
4347:Senate
4212:Health
3794:
3792:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3759:
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2293:Senate
2264:, the
2217:budget
2139:, 1931
2116:, the
1959:, the
1803:, the
1763:Russia
1640:, and
1638:budget
1424:powiat
1130:Senate
1106:PL2050
947:Great
923:, the
913:sejmik
784:Senate
721:Poland
713:Senate
679:Polish
594:Warsaw
404:
395:
386:
370:
361:
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332:PL2050
329:
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307:
257:,
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139:PL2050
137:,
112:1921 (
106:1493 (
6761:Yemen
6726:Spain
6681:Palau
6636:Kenya
6621:Japan
6606:Italy
6591:Haiti
6581:Gabon
6561:Egypt
6531:Chile
6438:Sudan
6408:Nepal
6393:India
5684:Sejms
5520:(PDF)
5288:(164)
5271:list.
5139:T!DPL
5105:(124)
5076:Notes
5070:1989)
5040:1791)
4964:1717)
4376:As of
4361:As of
3107:]
3089:]
2662:ChZJN
2437:cross
2380:Sejm'
2030:Sejm'
1883:civil
1702:Latin
1436:gmina
1336:Local
952:" or
925:Sejm'
905:Senat
869:wiece
744:poseł
391:(190)
312:(157)
302:(239)
273:Seats
7024:Sejm
6887:Peru
6847:Fiji
6842:Cuba
6676:Oman
5618:2024
5593:2024
5568:2024
5418:2013
5304:ONRP
5297:(16)
5234:(18)
5209:(29)
5175:(28)
5114:(10)
5062:Sejm
5047:Sejm
5032:Sejm
5017:Sejm
5002:Sejm
4987:Sejm
4971:Sejm
4956:Sejm
4946:sejm
4894:sejm
4879:sejm
4864:sejm
4849:sejm
4840:sejm
4811:100
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4289:2023
4146:194
4140:157
4129:2023
4116:235
4110:134
4096:2019
4083:235
4074:138
4063:2015
4053:157
4047:207
4030:2011
4020:166
4017:209
4000:2007
3987:155
3984:133
3964:2005
3939:216
3928:2001
3918:201
3903:164
3895:1997
3873:132
3870:171
3859:1993
3808:1991
3785:Konf
3763:K'15
3741:ZChN
3708:PPPP
3619:BBWR
3495:161
3486:173
3478:1989
3453:106
3450:245
3442:1985
3417:113
3414:261
3406:1980
3381:113
3378:261
3370:1976
3345:117
3342:255
3334:1972
3309:117
3306:255
3298:1969
3273:117
3270:255
3262:1965
3237:117
3234:256
3226:1961
3207:118
3204:239
3196:1957
3177:273
3169:1952
3144:109
3141:116
3138:114
3130:1947
3118:Znak
3100:PZKS
3082:ChSS
2975:PZPR
2931:164
2914:1938
2904:181
2893:1935
2880:249
2854:1930
2844:125
2803:1928
2793:163
2755:1922
2745:140
2707:1919
2673:BBWR
2452:Sejm
2435:Sejm
2396:Sejm
2378:The
2361:Sejm
2359:The
2329:Sejm
2325:Sejm
2305:Sejm
2301:Sejm
2291:The
2258:Sejm
2236:Sejm
2234:The
2225:Sejm
2213:Sejm
2211:The
2170:Sejm
2168:The
2156:Sejm
2137:Sejm
2097:Sejm
2093:Sejm
2086:Sejm
2069:Sejm
2062:Sejm
2050:Sejm
2046:Sejm
2016:Sejm
2003:Sejm
1986:Duma
1962:Sejm
1957:Sejm
1943:Sejm
1929:sejm
1903:and
1885:and
1879:Sejm
1840:Sejm
1806:Sejm
1799:Sejm
1775:Sejm
1765:and
1751:Sejm
1741:The
1736:Sejm
1722:Sejm
1718:Sejm
1714:Sejm
1710:Sejm
1706:veto
1671:and
1661:Sejm
1628:Sejm
1624:Sejm
1620:Sejm
1612:Sejm
1594:The
1091:Sejm
976:Sejm
956:Sejm
949:Sejm
901:Sejm
889:Sejm
882:Sejm
860:Sejm
803:Sejm
770:Sejm
631:Sejm
629:The
609:.gov
607:sejm
588:The
407:K'15
400:(18)
398:KWiN
347:(18)
338:(32)
325:(32)
80:Type
75:Type
5686:of
5349:(2)
5347:KKP
5340:(6)
5331:(7)
5306:(5)
5286:PiS
5253:(8)
5184:(3)
5182:CdP
5173:PSL
5150:(1)
5141:(2)
5132:(2)
5130:iPL
5123:(3)
4808:460
4759:100
4754:100
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4439:157
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4403:190
4400:194
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4143:65
4137:26
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4104:49
4086:42
4080:28
4077:16
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4008:53
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3752:PiS
3697:AWS
3686:KLD
3593:PSL
3571:"S"
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3534:SRP
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3186:37
3183:25
3180:90
3159:12
3153:28
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3071:PAX
3030:PSL
2986:PPS
2964:PPR
2943:PRL
2928:21
2925:18
2901:25
2883:63
2877:14
2871:21
2862:79
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4948:s
4936:)
4932:(
4914:)
4910:(
4902:)
4898:(
4887:)
4883:(
4872:)
4868:(
4857:)
4853:(
4793:0
4790:—
4780:0
4777:—
4718:—
4715:5
4712:1
4704:1
4701:—
4676:3
4673:—
4663:—
4660:—
4636:—
4633:—
4630:4
4622:4
4619:—
4593:—
4590:—
4551:9
4548:9
4483:1
4411:4
4342:)
4323:e
4316:t
4309:v
2660:/
1700:(
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1521:)
1517:(
1438:)
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1422:(
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1223:(
1199:)
1197:I
1195:(
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1108:)
1104:(
915:(
677:(
652:/
649:m
643:s
640:/
633:(
545:)
116:)
110:)
34:.
20:)
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