Gentlemen's club - Knowledge (XXG)

279: 103: 574:, which offer memberships by subscription and are owned and run as commercial concerns. All offer similar facilities such as food, drink, comfortable surroundings, venue hire and in many cases accommodation. In recent years the advent of mobile working (using phone and email) has placed pressures on the traditional London clubs which frown on, and often ban, the use of mobiles and discourage laptops, indeed any discussion of business matters or 'work related papers'. A new breed of business-oriented private members' clubs, exemplified by One Alfred Place and Eight in London or the Gild in Barcelona, combines the style, food and drink of a contemporary private members' club with the business facilities of an office. It was for this reason that the 290:

It was often used as a tool to climb the social ladder. It revealed that a man had certain information others did not have. It was also a tool used to demonstrate a man's masculinity. It established certain gender roles. Men told stories and joked. The times and places a man told stories, gossiped, and shared information were also considered to show a man's awareness of behaviour and discretion. Clubs were places where men could gossip freely. Gossip was also a tool that led to more practical results in the outside world. There were also rules that governed gossip in the clubs. These rules governed the privacy and secrecy of members. Clubs regulated this form of communication so that it was done in a more acceptable manner.

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man's domestic needs. They were places to relieve stress and worries. They provided for emotional and practical needs. They provided spaces such as dining halls, a library, entertainment and game rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms and washrooms, and a study. In many ways, they resembled a home. Clubs had separate entrances for tradesmen and servants, which were usually located on the side of the building that was not easily seen by the public eye. Many clubs had waiting lists, some as long as sixteen years. There is no standard definition for what is considered a gentlemen's club. Each club differed slightly from others.

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for these various functions, and the guest flow could be more easily controlled than at the home. Members' social status was marked by the prestige of the club, but within it, the lines were blurred. Prominent guests could be invited to dinner or to lounge at the club over the house. Staff would monitor these guests and their arrival for the members and, as employees of the members, could personally tailor the experience. Thus, by holding important events at the club, only the wealth and importance of the club and its amenities was displayed instead of their possibly inferior possessions or structures at home.

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perhaps because the homes of elite families often entertained guests for dinners, formal teas, entertainment, and parties. Their lives were on display, and often their lives would be reported in local papers. A gentleman's club offered an escape from this family world. Another explanation would be that men were brought up as boys in all-male environments in places like schools and sports pastimes, and they became uncomfortable when they had to share their lives with women in a family environment. A gentleman's club offered an escape.

5930: 932: 45: 161: 6195: 3657: 960:, opened. The Forest and Stream was formed by Frank Stephen and some of his gentlemen friends and associates on 27 November 1884 at a meeting held at the St. Lawrence Hall in Montreal. The club's original founders were Andrew Allan, James Bryce Allan, Hugh Montagu Allan, Louis Joseph Forget, Hartland St. Claire MacDougall, Hugh Paton, and Frank Stephen. It was formed with 15 shareholders and is still open today. 347:, the clubs were a home away from home. They were alternative, competing spaces in the sense that it had some similarities with the traditional home. One of the key attractions of these clubs was their private, often exclusive, nature. They were getaways from the tight, restrictive role expected from the stoic gentleman. Like the home, men could act and behave in ways not usually acceptable in public society. 3624: 668: 5923: 6205: 3647: 363:," the chaotic nature of work life was put on hold. Young bachelors and other members were in many ways shielded from the true problems of society, especially female ones. While it was definitely an escape, it was not an escape from domesticity. Men knew and enjoyed the matching elements of the home life; it was more of a transfer or alternative reality. 5937: 910:, comprising a clubhouse of 22 stories and a worldwide membership of over 11,000, is the largest traditional gentlemen's club in the world. Membership in the Yale Club is restricted to alumni, faculty, and full-time graduate students of Yale University, and the club has included women among its members since 1969. 951:

club in North America. The Golden Square Mile is home to several of Montreal's clubs, including Club Saint-James, which was founded in 1857. At the end of the nineteenth century, twenty of its most influential members felt that the St James was becoming 'too overcrowded' and founded the smaller Mount

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of birth is replaced by an aristocracy of ballot. Frederick Lewis Allen showed how this process operated in the case of the nine "Lords of Creation" who were listed in the New York Social Register as of 1905: 'The nine men who were listed were recorded as belonging to 9.4 clubs apiece,' wrote Allen.

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Membership is by election after the proposers (at least two and in many clubs more), who have known the candidate for a term of years, formally nominate the person for membership. Election is by a special committee (itself elected), which may interview the candidate and which looks at any support and

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ideology according to which the man dealt with the public world, whereas women's domain was the home." Many men spent much of their lives at their club, and it was common for young, newly graduated men who had moved to London for the first time to live at their club for two or three years before they

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An increasing number of clubs were influenced by their members' interests in politics, literature, sport, art, automobiles, travel, particular countries, or some other pursuit. In other cases, the connection between the members was membership in the same branch of the armed forces, or the same school

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Gentlemen's clubs in Pakistan during the colonial era restricted membership to Europeans only, with the Sind Club at one point hanging a sign outside the door stating "Dogs and Locals not allowed". Most pre-partition clubs in Pakistan have divested themselves from exclusivity and started the concept

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For men who lived their lives at the club, the home lost its status as their base. Members would use this address for official documentation, mailing, and appointments. Meals, formal or informal, were provided and tastes could be catered for by the club staff. Spaces within the club were designated

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Men's clubs were also a place for gossip. The clubs were designed for communication and the sharing of information. By gossiping, bonds were created which were used to confirm social and gender boundaries. Gossiping helped confirm a man's identity, both in his community and within society at large.

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Gentleman's clubs were private places that were designed to allow men to relax and create friendships with other men. In the 19th and 20th centuries, clubs were regarded as a central part of elite men's lives. They provided everything a regular home would have. Clubs were created and designed for a

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Most gentlemen belonged to only one club, which closely corresponded with the trade or social/political identity he felt most defined him, but a few people belonged to several. Members of the aristocracy and politicians were likely to have several clubs. The record number of memberships is believed

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By the late 19th century, any man with a credible claim to the status of "gentleman" was eventually able to find a club willing to admit him, unless his character was objectionable in some way or he was "unclubbable" (a word first used by F. Burney). This newly expanded category of English society

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during the process of formal election by the committee. In these circumstances, the principal proposer of such a person may be expected to resign, as he failed to withdraw his undesirable candidate. More often, the member who proposes an unsuitable candidate will be "spoken to" at a much earlier

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In the 19th century, the family was considered one of the most important aspects of a man's life. A man's home was his property and should have been a place to satisfy most of his needs, but for elite men, this was not always the case; it was not always a place that provided privacy and comfort:

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In English clubs, this domesticity was particularly emphasized. These clubs, primarily in London, were usually very "quiet" and their members were well-behaved: again pointing to the calm familiarity of the household. In addition, club staff were tasked with keeping the club a private space and

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for a further discussion of these distinctions.) The oldest gentleman's club in London is White's, which was founded in 1693. Discussion of trade or business is usually not allowed in traditional gentlemen's clubs, although it may hire out its rooms to external organisations for events.

906:. Only twelve American cities have five or more existing clubs: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. New York City contains more than any other American city. The 1672:

Clubs also require membership fees, which, along with the ongoing cost of meeting their dress codes and the cost of bar tabs and dining bills, tends to impose a financial barrier for existing and would-be members. Most clubs have favourable subscription fees for younger members.

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The most exclusive social clubs are in the oldest cities – Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. Others, which are well respected, have developed in such major cities as Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco. The most exclusive social clubs are two in New York City – the

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Australia has a number of gentlemen's clubs. Of those listed below, the Commonwealth Club, the Kelvin Club, the Newcastle Club, the Royal Automobile Club, the Tattersalls Club in Sydney and the Union, University and Schools Club allow women to enjoy full membership.

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also objections of other members. Some top clubs still maintain distinctions which are often undefined and rarely explained to those who do not satisfy their membership requirements. After reaching the top of a long waiting list, there is a possibility of being

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Until the 1950s, clubs were also heavily regulated in the rooms open to non-members. Most clubs contained just one room where members could dine and entertain non-members; it was often assumed that one's entire social circle should be within the same club.

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was founded in 1785. Every year, some of its members travelled back to England to sell their furs, where they established the Canada Club in 1810; it still meets twice yearly as a dining club. The Montreal Hunt Club, founded in 1826, is the oldest extant

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authority. With the absence of female voices and set of rigid institutional structures, members created internal stability. Induction into a club required member approval and payment. Thus, a club was dependent on class and vice versa. Historian

2265: 5903: 495:) have a specific character that places them outside the mainstream, while other clubs have sacrificed their individuality for the commercial purpose of attracting enough members, regardless of their common interests. (See article at 1638:

in London requires "being of direct Scottish descent, that is to say, tracing descent from a Scottish father or mother, grandfather or grandmother" or "having, in the opinion of the Committee, the closest association with Scotland."

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Most major cities in the United States have at least one traditional gentlemen's club, many of which have reciprocal relationships with older clubs in London, with each other, and with other gentlemen's clubs around the world. In

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Public entertainments, such as musical performances and the like, were not a feature of this sort of club. The clubs were, in effect, "second homes" in the centre of London where men could relax, mix with their friends, play

152:, and one or more parlours for reading, gaming, or socializing. Many clubs also contain guest rooms and fitness amenities. Some are associated mainly with sports, and some regularly hold other events such as formal dinners. 1529:

as a British-style gentlemen's club; the original membership included leading Japanese politicians, functionaries, and men of finance, as well as foreign ambassadors and representatives. Originally located in the

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Although gentlemen's clubs were originally geared towards a male audience, domestic life played a key role in their establishment and continuity. Defying classic gender norms, the club could be represented as

732:(Allen 1987, 25) Personal wealth has never been the sole basis for attaining membership in exclusive clubs. The individual and family must meet the admissions committee's standards for values and behavior. 398:

Women also set about establishing their own clubs in the late 19th century, such as the Ladies' Institute, and the Ladies' Athenaeum. They proved quite popular at the time, but only one London-based club,

1350:, the Wanderers Club in Illovo, Johannesburg as well as the Inanda Club in Sandton and the Johannesburg Country Club. In Cape Town there is the spacious Kelvin Grove Club, the Cape Town Club and the 956:

commented that it "is one of the best clubs I know in the New World, with the indefinable atmosphere about it of a good London club". In 1908 the University Club (McGill University), affiliated with

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The 19th century brought an explosion in the popularity of clubs, particularly around the 1880s. At the height of their influence in the late 19th century, London had over 400 such establishments.

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attempted to control the spread of information from the outside. Under no circumstance was the club to be depressing or too involved in the pains of reality. Whether from "the streets, the courts,

3741: 820:. Morgan belonged to nineteen clubs in all; Vanderbilt, to fifteen; Harriman, to fourteen.' Allen then goes on to show how the descendants of these financial giants were assimilated into the 4262: 258:, as a base. They allowed upper- and upper-middle-class men with modest incomes to spend their time in grand surroundings. The richer clubs were built by the same architects as the finest 2740: 6208: 453:

The clubs are owned by their members and not by an individual or corporate body. These kinds of relationships have been analyzed from the network analysis perspective by Maria Zozaya.

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in the United States; by the 21st century, numerous new private women's clubs had formed in support of previously male-dominated pursuits, including professional affiliations and

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on the main cities of Spain, that promote civic, cultural, artistic, and recreational activities. Some cities even have more than one club due to their origins. For example, in

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Clubs in Ireland include two prominent Dublin social clubs, each having both male and female members, a range of facilities and events, and a wide network of reciprocal clubs:

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families (indeed, both already belonged to old prominent families at the time), Stillman and Harriman joined these two in the membership of the almost equally fashionable

278: 2296: 1646:, from its foundation in 1819, has excluded from membership anyone who has not met a very specific travelling requirement. Rule 6 of the club's constitution states that 55: 218: 6076: 812:(Magnificent, but easier of access to new wealth); John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and Rogers, along with Morgan and Baker were listed as members of the 3731: 102: 148:. There are also many clubs in major American cities, especially the older ones. A gentleman's club typically contains a formal dining room, a bar, a library, a 4129: 3812: 1722: 694: 1727: 6059: 2733: 5576: 5528: 262:

of the time and had similar types of interiors. They were a convenient retreat for men who wished to get away from female relations, "in keeping with the

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While class requirements relaxed gradually throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and, from the 1970s onwards; "relics of the age of exclusion" reported

828:, in 1933 the grandsons of six of them did. The following progress is characteristic: John D. Rockefeller, Union League Club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 5503: 4346: 3686: 964: 6198: 4031: 3794: 3756: 1712: 1453:. They are open only to their members, initially the bourgeoisie and the upper classes. By 1882 there was 1.552 casinos in Spain, according to the 679: 5556: 3789: 3660: 3650: 2726: 1707: 1218: 5637: 5104: 2749: 926: 474: 5846: 3834: 3804: 1717: 209:

or university. Thus the growth of clubs gives some indication of what was considered a respectable part of the "Establishment" at the time.

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and not the city, is the oldest southern club, and third oldest "city club", founded in 1841. The five oldest existing clubs west of the

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nobility with strict membership rules. Although it possesses many characteristics of a gentlemen's club, membership is open to women.

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is Western Canada's oldest club, founded in 1874 at Winnipeg. The Union Club of British Columbia was founded in 1879 in Victoria. The

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Traditionally barred from full membership in existing clubs of similar interest, and somewhat mobilized by the passage of the

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are typical of university clubs: they are open to all who have a connection with their respective universities (in this case

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Today, establishments based on the concept of the traditional gentlemen's clubs exist throughout the world, predominantly in

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stage than this, by senior committee members, and he will withdraw his candidate to avoid embarrassment for all concerned.

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Milne-Smith, Amy (October 2006). "A Flight to Domesticity? Making a Home in the Gentlemen's Clubs of London, 1880–1914".

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countries and the United States. Many clubs offer reciprocal hospitality to other clubs' members when travelling abroad.

250:, get a meal, and in some clubs stay overnight. Expatriates, when staying in England, could use their clubs, as with the 5513: 5484: 3056: 2104: 2073: 1450: 1251: 683:

Most clubs in New York City admitted few or no Jews, or were Jewish clubs. The Progress Club, 1890–1915, was more open.

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reports that an "bsolutely chilling" discordance around admitting women to men-only clubs persisted in the UK, as the

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While many clubs have requirements of entry, often including financial requirements or collegiate affiliations – the

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Joseph Anderson, Tattersalls Club Sydney 1858–1983, Koorana Ltd, 1985 (distributed by the Tattersalls Club), Ch 6

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has the Tasmania Club and the Athenaeum Club. The Launceston Club is located in the northern city of Launceston

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There are active gentlemen's clubs in Nelson (Hope), Auckland, Hastings, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.

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Today, gentlemen's clubs in the United States remain more prevalent in older cities, especially those on the

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in the United States in 2004 "seem to be in no danger of going the way of other 19th century institutions."

753: 745: 492: 488: 462: 708:. As a result, traditional gentlemen's clubs often are called "men's clubs" or "city clubs" (as opposed to 5624: 5599: 5339: 4099: 3997: 3763: 3565: 3343: 3283: 3257: 3171: 2559: 2164: 634: 575: 303: 283: 2124:"THE CHOSEN FEW / S.F.'s exclusive clubs carry on traditions of fellowship, culture – and discrimination" 5929: 5619: 5090: 5000: 4885: 4428: 4336: 3912: 3582: 3110: 2980: 2902: 1097: 1064: 991: 813: 259: 3597: 3493: 3487: 3010: 2854: 2718: 2324:"Read the eBook My American visit by Frederick Edwin Smith Birkenhead online for free (page 11 of 16)" 1881: 1445:

in Spanish) emerged in the beginning of the 19th century, during the political transition between the

675:, founded 1897, is the largest gentlemen's club in the world, and now includes women among its members 125:

of a type originally set up by men from Britain's upper classes in the 18th and succeeding centuries.

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The circulation of elites in America and the assimilation of new men of power and influence into the

646: 630: 1395:, and the Club Universitario de Buenos Aires. The Club 20 de Febrero was founded in 1858 by General 6146: 6064: 5594: 5589: 5380: 5246: 5130: 5040: 4905: 4855: 4800: 4584: 4539: 4363: 4300: 4051: 3603: 3481: 3446: 3301: 3140: 3104: 2872: 2848: 2772: 2382: 1391:

is home to the Club del Progreso (founded 1852; the oldest gentlemen's club in South America), the

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Several private members' clubs for women were established in the late 19th century; among them the

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Many countries outside Britain have prominent gentlemen's clubs, mostly those associated with the

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Garrison Club was founded in 1969 by associate members of the area headquarters officers' mess.

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Despite the opportunity for mobility within the club, secrecy and exclusivity supported the

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came to include professionals who had to earn their income, such as doctors and lawyers.

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is still sometimes called "clubland". Clubs took over some parts of the role occupied by

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There are perhaps some 25 traditional London gentlemen's clubs of particular note, from

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Royal Club in 1899. Overnight it became the city's most prestigious club, and in 1918,

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Lord, Evelyn (2008). "Gentlemen's Clubs, Journalistic Hacks, the Mohocks and Change".

895:(1860), and the Concordia-Argonaut Club (founded 1864), all in San Francisco; and the 160: 6230: 6171: 6129: 6054: 6010: 5853: 5814: 5455: 5015: 4990: 4985: 4970: 4900: 4815: 4795: 4790: 4569: 4443: 4403: 4212: 4202: 4197: 4114: 4094: 3942: 3889: 3859: 3712: 3640: 3553: 3361: 3068: 2890: 2878: 1864: 1856: 1812: 1554: 1286:

Club founded in 1891; the Karachi Club founded in the same city in 1907; Chenab Club

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The oldest existing American clubs date to the 18th century; the five oldest are the

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London Clubland: A Cultural History of Gender and Class in Late-Victorian Britain

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In London, the original gentlemen's clubs exist alongside the late 20th century

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British Clubs and Societies, 1580–1800: The Origins of an Associational World

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Del ocio al negocio. Redes y capital social en el Casino de Madrid, 1836–1901

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of offering membership in return for payment. These include Karachi Club and

1096:(unrelated to the identically named club in Sydney), the Kelvin Club and the 578:

acquired one of the older clubhouses in Pall Mall as more business-friendly.

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requires its potential members to attest that they would have supported the

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This article is about traditional gentlemen's clubs. For the euphemism, see

2383:"Victorian London – Entertainment and Recreation – Clubs – Travellers Club" 543:

St Paul's Club was formed in 1859 in Birmingham, the first in the Midlands.

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Club Government: How the Early Victorian World was Ruled from London Clubs

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Numerous gentlemen's clubs were established in modern-day Pakistan before

998:, and a number of other clubs. Other Ontario cities have their clubs: the 6141: 6114: 6104: 5977: 5955: 5685: 5344: 4925: 4920: 4840: 4830: 4228: 3328: 2431:

Club Men of New York: Their Occupations, and Business and Homes Addresses

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has several traditional gentlemen's clubs still functioning such as the

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In 1884, the Tokyo Club was founded in line with the principles of the

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prevails over new money as the Rockefeller family experience suggests.

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chartered by an Anglo-American winter colony in 1856 is now named the

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Behind Closed Doors: The Secret Life of London Private Members' Clubs

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The Square Mile, Merchant Princes of Montreal (1987) by Donald MacKay

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The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America

1563: 1283: 1175: 1048: 1016:

was founded in 1884 through the merger of two earlier clubs, and the

422: 110: 1579:, which opened in 1846, was the first gentlemen's club in the city. 740:, the family founder and the nation's first billionaire, joined the 1804: 1465:

there are three clubs, one that originally restricted admission to

621:)). A number of other, specialist clubs flourish in Dublin such as 6032: 5960: 5867: 5804: 5744: 5138: 5134: 2468:

A Room of His Own: A Literary-Cultural Study of Victorian Clubland

1418: 1400: 930: 704:, the term "gentlemen's club" is commonly used euphemistically by 678: 666: 379:, and essential to the continuity of elite dominance of society." 277: 223: 159: 137: 101: 540:

in Bristol was founded in 1818 and occupies an imposing building.

5737: 5389: 3323: 2777: 1587:

The most prestigious active gentlemen's club in Thailand is the

1381:, the Phoenix Club (Peru), and the Club de la Banca y Comercio. 1374: 1370: 978:

is the oldest in that city, founded in 1837. Others include the

5086: 5082: 3675: 2722: 1894:

The Macmillan Diaries Vol. II: Prime Minister and After 1957–66

1148:

and the Naval, Military and Air Force Club of South Australia.

5982: 2051:"Why professional networking groups for women remain valuable" 2041:

Ruth Rosen, Viking, 2000, page 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2023.

38: 2282:

Mooney, James E. (1995). "Yale Club". In Kenneth T. Jackson.

1631:) – some clubs have highly specific membership requirements. 625:

on Dawson Street, Established in 1901, The United Arts Club,

2223:

Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class

773:

Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class

6209:

Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals

2196:

Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society

1298:, which was established for the merchant class in Karachi. 783:

takes place primarily through the medium of urban clubdom.

717:

Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society

712:) or simply as "private social clubs" or "private clubs". 689:

List of traditional gentlemen's clubs in the United States

534:

and friends, and contains a notable library of rare books)

403:, has survived to this day as a single-sex establishment. 2564:

Leather Armchairs: The Chivas Regal Book of London Clubs

5192:

heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families

2404:. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 191. 1904:, 8 September 2011 (33:17). Retrieved 8 September 2011. 503:

Similar clubs exist in other large UK cities, such as:

63: 2766:

Grouped by societal associations, ordered by seniority

2573:

Members Only: Elite Clubs and the Process of Exclusion

2509:

In the Club: Associational Life in Colonial South Asia

2402:

Members Only: Elite Clubs and the Process of Exclusion

2126:

Adair Lara, 18 July 2004. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

530:(founded in 1797 by art collector and social reformer 298:

was said to have taken "refuge in West End clubs ...:

2252:

Archives and Special Collections at Tulane University

2087:"This Is Why We Still Need Women's Networking Groups" 2013:

Dictionary of British Women's Organisations 1825–1960

1993: 1991: 1133:(unrelated to the identically named club in Sydney). 375:

proposed that clubs were "part of the power nexus of

1479:

Federación Española de Círculos y Casinos Culturales

1012:

was founded in 1862. The Union Club (Saint John) in

1002:

at Ottawa; the Hamilton Club; the Frontenac Club at

756:, reached the pinnacle with his acceptance into the 609:(similarly formed when the St Stephen's Green Club ( 6189:

is the accepted criterion for official distinctions

6095: 5996: 5946: 5866: 5770: 5714: 5703: 5683: 5575: 5527: 5512: 5478: 5467: 5415: 5307: 5285: 5245: 5238: 5201: 5167: 5160: 5145: 5049: 4751: 4593: 4512: 4345: 4319: 4261: 4226: 4128: 4075: 3996: 3903: 3833: 3772: 3719: 3575: 3516: 3507: 3468: 3439: 3428: 3389: 3336: 3322: 3250: 3214: 3203: 3120: 3049: 3036: 2990: 2955: 2940: 2829: 2794: 2771: 2188: 2186: 808:; Baker joined these four in the membership of the 513:

the St James's Club in Manchester (founded in 1825)

615:) merged with The Hibernian United Services Club ( 282:Scene in a gentlemen's club: a cartoon of 1883 by 1538:, to be replaced by a newer clubhouse in 1912 in 752:, a step up from his father; and finally his son 2095:, 20 December 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2023. 6077:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry 3088:(no longer has any formal military connections) 3073:(no longer has any formal military connections) 2077:, 11 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2023. 777: 744:, a fairly respectable but not top-level club; 721: 550:, although outside the UK, each have their own 5182:and their national/public/official authorities 3732:North American fraternity and sorority housing 2575:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 2447:Bhageria, Purshottam; Malhotra, Pavan (2005). 2059:, 7 January 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2023. 1425:, originally a club exclusively for rich men. 5098: 3687: 2734: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1723:Membership discrimination in California clubs 1534:, a dedicated clubhouse was built in 1897 in 1358:, founded in 1852, and the Kimberley Club in 1092:(named after its counterpart in London), the 695:Membership discrimination in California clubs 554:, founded, respectively, in 1848 and in 1870. 52:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 3236:, which now makes up most of its membership) 2297:"Canadian Clubs and Organisations in the UK" 2159: 2157: 655:), and The Friendly Brothers of St Patrick ( 3532:(formerly the Argentine Club; 1910–present) 2661:London Clubs: Their History & Treasures 2511:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2111:, 26 May 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023. 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1006:, and The Waterloo Club by letters patent. 172:The original clubs were established in the 5711: 5700: 5524: 5475: 5304: 5282: 5242: 5164: 5157: 5105: 5091: 5083: 3694: 3680: 3672: 3513: 3436: 3333: 3211: 3046: 2952: 2791: 2741: 2727: 2719: 1728:Woman's club movement in the United States 1607:, founded in 1865, is a Singaporean club. 2631:Marsh, Charles; Mackenzie, Colin (1828). 2119: 2117: 1966:. Yale University Press. pp. 19–44. 1827:Women, Clubs, and Associations in Britain 1665:must have attended one of its affiliated 623:The Royal Irish Automobile Club (R.I.A.C) 90:Learn how and when to remove this message 6199:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals 1747:Women, Clubs and Associations in Britain 1497:, Nya Sällskapet ('The New Society') in 516:the Cardiff and County Club in that city 3711:Academic fraternities originating from 2470:. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. 1738: 1290:founded in 1910. At one point the city 863:in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), the 859:in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the 391:, and the self-consciously progressive 2369:"一般社団法人東京倶楽部 the Tokyo Club │ History" 2303:. Government of Canada. 21 March 2012. 715:Christopher Doob explains in his book 588:The Kildare Street and University Club 267:could afford to rent a house or flat. 2069:"The High Price of Female Friendship" 1542:. Since 2005 it has been situated in 607:The St Stephen's Green Hibernian Club 487:. A few estimable clubs (such as the 7: 6185:* = Direct or indirect reference to 5904:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field 3747:Hazing in Greek letter organizations 3646: 2169:. A&C Black. 2008. p. 649. 2010:David Doughan; Peter Gordon (2013). 1997: 1061:Union, University & Schools Club 771:establishment, explains in his book 182:coffee houses in 18th-century London 6204: 2492:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2140:(in Spanish). Madrid: La Catarata. 2016:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 12. 1493:('The Society'), the military club 927:List of gentlemen's clubs in Canada 601:) with The Dublin University Club ( 475:List of gentlemen's clubs in London 6214:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Awards 2691:. London: Robinson/Little, Brown. 2672:. London: I.B. Tauris/Bloomsbury. 2451:. New Delhi: Bhageria Foundation. 1718:List of American gentlemen's clubs 1713:List of London's gentlemen's clubs 1057:Royal Automobile Club of Australia 971:and opened to the public in 1879. 869:Union Club of the City of New York 25: 2284:The Encyclopedia of New York City 1708:List of India's gentlemen's clubs 1219:List of India's gentlemen's clubs 221:, who had nineteen in the 1960s. 6203: 6194: 6193: 5935: 5928: 5921: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3634: 3622: 3290:Junior Oxford and Cambridge Club 2616:. London: Stacey International. 1857:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2009.01536.x 1661:, whilst certain members of the 1407:on 20 February 1813, during the 848:in Annapolis, Maryland (founded 43: 3906:Asian/Pacific Islander-American 2976:(no longer politically aligned) 2967:(no longer politically aligned) 2815:(No longer politically aligned) 2806:(No longer politically aligned) 2687:Thévoz, Seth Alexander (2022). 2668:Thévoz, Seth Alexander (2018). 2614:The Gentlemen's Clubs of London 2595:The Gentlemen's Clubs of London 1839:Milne-Smith, Amy (April 2009). 1059:, the Tattersalls Club and the 965:Literary and Historical Society 3147:Junior Naval and Military Club 2713:. London: Chatto & Windus. 2663:. London: Chatto & Windus. 2644:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 1793:The Journal of British Studies 1557:was previously located in the 1429:has the Club de Viña del Mar. 1326:, Quetta Club, Peshawar Club, 339:domesticity". Similar to male 1: 3296:New Oxford and Cambridge Club 2711:Clubs and Club Life in London 2635:. London: H. Colburn, 2 vols. 2301:www.canadainternational.gc.ca 1749:by Doughan & Gordon, 2006 1745:Cited in the introduction to 1409:Argentine War of Independence 1403:. The club's name honors the 849: 810:Metropolitan Club of New York 236: 5123:Auxiliary science of history 3057:Honourable Artillery Company 3002:(merged with the apolitical 2917:Late 19th/early 20th century 2543:Club Makers and Club Members 1886:The Life of Harold Macmillan 1342:South Africa is home to the 1182:Australian Capital Territory 899:in Portland, Oregon (1867). 875:of New Orleans, named after 184:. The first clubs, such as 113:since the early 19th century 6021:Fraternities and sororities 3809:Lists by country/territory 3780:Fraternities and sororities 3703:Fraternities and sororities 3113:1948–present (current form) 2507:Cohen, Benjamin B. (2015). 2433:. New York: Republic Press. 2220:Digby Baltzell, E. (2011). 1258:. These clubs included the 1203:English Club of Pau, France 832:; John D. Rockefeller 3rd, 546:Jersey and Guernsey in the 401:The University Women's Club 66:, discuss the issue on the 6253: 3232:(Incorporating the former 3190:Ladies' Army and Navy Club 3184:Junior United Service Club 2897:Junior Constitutional Club 2885:National Conservative Club 2545:. London: T. Fisher Unwin. 2270:Yale Club of New York City 2226:. Transaction Publishers. 2193:Doob, Christopher (2015). 1829:Doughan & Gordon, 2006 1629:University of Pennsylvania 1621:Penn Club of New York City 1216: 1088:, the Alexandra Club, the 924: 908:Yale Club of New York City 857:Schuylkill Fishing Company 788:'Though only two of them, 692: 686: 673:Yale Club of New York City 472: 29: 6180: 5919: 5120: 3709: 3617: 3409:Burlington Fine Arts Club 3264:Oxford and Cambridge Club 3222:Oxford and Cambridge Club 3178:Junior Army and Navy Club 2911:1889 – Early 20th century 2899:1887 – Early 20th century 2857:1868 – Early 20th century 2764: 2640:Milne-Smith, Amy (2011). 2612:Lejeune, Anthony (2012). 1765:Oxford English Dictionary 1760:"unclubbable - adjective" 1589:Royal Bangkok Sports Club 1553:Like the Tokyo Club, the 1451:constitutional liberalism 1014:Saint John, New Brunswick 590:(formed on the merger of 426:also reports in the U.S. 168:, 69 Brook Street, London 27:Members-only private club 2909:Junior Conservative Club 2597:. London: WH Smith Pub. 2342:"Forest and Stream Club" 2166:Whitaker's Almanack 2008 1882:"Too Obviously Cleverer" 1548:Masahito, Prince Hitachi 1546:; its current Patron is 1489:Clubs in Sweden include 1455:Ministry of the Interior 1073:has the Newcastle Club. 887:in Honolulu (1851); the 794:Cornelius Vanderbilt III 754:John D. Rockefeller, III 746:John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 657:originally anti-duelling 645:) of Dún Laoghaire, The 449:Ownership and governance 408:Civil Rights Act of 1964 3241:University Women's Club 3159:Cavalry and Guards Club 3134:Cavalry and Guards Club 3093:Naval and Military Club 3063:Cavalry and Guards Club 2571:Kendall, Diana (2008). 2466:Black, Barbara (2012). 2400:Kendall, Diana (2008). 2387:www.victorianlondon.org 1437:Clubs in Spain (called 1161:Western Australian Club 836:. Thus is the American 493:Royal Ocean Racing Club 489:Royal Thames Yacht Club 3764:Mother of Fraternities 3594:Irish Club (1950–2010) 3566:Royal Over-Seas League 3277:United University Club 3258:United University Club 3172:Imperial Services Club 3065:1810/1890/1976–present 2659:Nevill, Ralph (1911). 2552:The Abominable Clubman 2346:www.forestandstream.ca 1902:London Review of Books 1262:Club founded in 1863; 939: 842: 762: 684: 676: 576:Institute of Directors 560:private members' clubs 457:Worldwide distribution 435:Election to membership 286: 242: 169: 114: 109:, a prominent club in 3111:Victory Services Club 2981:National Liberal Club 2921:Ladies' Imperial Club 2554:. London: Hutchinson. 2136:María Zozaya (2007). 1503:Royal Bachelors' Club 1294:was also home to the 1125:, the Brisbane Club, 1065:City Tattersalls Club 1031:was founded in 1889. 996:Arts and Letters Club 992:University of Toronto 934: 767:, sociologist of the 760:(Baltzell 1989, 340). 682: 670: 281: 227: 217:to have been held by 176:. Today, the area of 163: 105: 6082:Magical organization 5542:Intellectual freedom 5350:Master of ceremonies 3453:City University Club 3284:Eton and Harrow Club 3099:Royal Air Force Club 2915:Ladies' Carlton Club 2550:Girtin, Tom (1964). 2449:Elite Clubs of India 2442:. London: Whitbread. 1845:Gender & History 1240:Narayanganj Club Ltd 1127:United Services Club 963:Quebec City has the 647:Hibernian Catch Club 631:Royal Dublin Society 72:create a new article 64:improve this article 54:may not represent a 6147:Order of precedence 4753:Social fraternities 4077:Historically Jewish 3606:(late 19th century) 3600:(late 19th century) 3447:City of London Club 3302:Public Schools Club 3286:1873 – 20th century 3271:New University Club 3234:Public Schools Club 3192:(late 19th century) 3186:(late 19th century) 3180:(late 19th century) 3174:(late 19th century) 3141:United Service Club 3105:Special Forces Club 2873:Constitutional Club 2849:Junior Carlton Club 2839:18th century – 1932 2633:The Clubs of London 2248:"Begin your search" 2109:The Daily Telegraph 1443:Círculos culturales 1362:, founded in 1881. 1354:. In Durban is the 1252:Indian independence 818:New York Yacht Club 738:John D. Rockefeller 633:, Yacht Clubs (The 627:Royal Irish Academy 592:Kildare Street Club 528:Liverpool Athenaeum 417:The Daily Telegraph 412:business networking 229:A Club of Gentlemen 203:Club Life in London 6060:Hereditary society 5277:Royal family order 3757:Philippines deaths 3629:Society portal 3589:Anglo-Belgian Club 3560:Polish Hearth Club 3380:London Sketch Club 3078:Army and Navy Club 2923:Early 20th century 2566:. London: Cassell. 2533:. London: Collins. 2438:Anonymous (1950). 2429:Anonymous (1893). 2328:www.ebooksread.com 2074:Town & Country 1964:The Hellfire Clubs 1950:Milne-Smith (2006) 1938:Milne-Smith (2006) 1926:Milne-Smith (2006) 1914:Milne-Smith (2006) 1459:casinos culturales 1457:. Today there are 1397:Rudecindo Alvarado 1318:, Islamabad Club, 1304:Karachi Yacht Club 940: 935:Mount Royal Club, 889:Pacific-Union Club 877:Boston (card game) 834:Knickerbocker Club 826:Knickerbocker Club 798:Knickerbocker Club 796:, belonged to the 758:Knickerbocker Club 748:, belonged to the 685: 677: 521:Ulster Reform Club 287: 243: 174:West End of London 170: 115: 6237:Gentlemen's clubs 6224: 6223: 6190: 6135:Campaign streamer 5917: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5862: 5861: 5697: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5633: 5632: 5463: 5462: 5358: 5357: 5301: 5255:Order of chivalry 5234: 5233: 5227: 5224:Self-styled order 5080: 5079: 4595:Social sororities 3669: 3668: 3641:London portal 3613: 3612: 3598:Scandinavian Club 3503: 3502: 3494:City Liberal Club 3488:City Carlton Club 3424: 3423: 3374:Chelsea Arts Club 3318: 3317: 3306:(Merged with the 3298:Late 19th century 3292:Late 19th century 3275:(Merged with the 3262:(Merged with the 3199: 3198: 3032: 3031: 3013:1874–20th century 3011:City Liberal Club 2936: 2935: 2927:St Stephen's Club 2861:Beaconsfield Club 2855:City Carlton Club 2843:Conservative Club 2750:Gentlemen's clubs 1495:Militärsällskapet 1473:, another one to 1332:Karachi Golf Club 1328:Karachi Boat Club 1282:founded in 1886; 1278:founded in 1878; 1207:le Cercle anglais 1191:Commonwealth Club 1152:Western Australia 942:At Montreal, the 881:Mississippi River 865:Philadelphia Club 814:Union League Club 800:, the citadel of 765:E. Digby Baltzell 742:Union League Club 132:: in particular, 100: 99: 92: 74:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 6244: 6207: 6206: 6197: 6196: 6184: 6162:Awareness ribbon 6157:Devotional medal 6070:Gentlemen's club 5939: 5932: 5925: 5712: 5701: 5689: 5643:Religion-related 5525: 5476: 5305: 5290: 5283: 5243: 5221: 5169:Founts of honour 5165: 5158: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5084: 5067:Gentlemen's club 3837:African-American 3696: 3689: 3682: 3673: 3659: 3658: 3649: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3627: 3626: 3514: 3459:City Livery Club 3437: 3403:Junior Athenaeum 3334: 3212: 3047: 2953: 2792: 2743: 2736: 2729: 2720: 2714: 2702: 2683: 2664: 2655: 2636: 2627: 2608: 2591:Lejeune, Anthony 2586: 2567: 2555: 2546: 2539:Escott, T. H. S. 2534: 2522: 2503: 2481: 2462: 2443: 2434: 2416: 2415: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2293: 2287: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2190: 2181: 2180: 2161: 2152: 2151: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2112: 2102: 2096: 2084: 2078: 2071:Marisa Meltzer, 2066: 2060: 2048: 2042: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1878:Mount, Ferdinand 1875: 1869: 1868: 1836: 1830: 1825:Introduction to 1823: 1817: 1816: 1788: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1756: 1750: 1743: 1423:Club de la Unión 1316:Karachi Gymkhana 1280:Karachi Gymkhana 1266:Lahore in 1863; 1131:Tattersalls Club 1108:The Geelong Club 1010:The Halifax Club 969:Canadian Militia 885:The Pacific Club 871:(founded 1836). 867:(1834), and the 854: 853: 1690/1700 851: 846:South River Club 702:American English 538:The Clifton Club 296:Harold Macmillan 264:separate spheres 241: 238: 219:Earl Mountbatten 119:gentlemen's club 95: 88: 84: 81: 75: 47: 46: 39: 21: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6187:fount of honour 6176: 6167:Code of conduct 6152:Honorary degree 6097: 6091: 6087:Religious order 6043:Learned society 6016:Fraternal order 5998: 5992: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5909: 5858: 5766: 5705: 5693: 5688: 5671: 5629: 5571: 5557:Humanitarianism 5516: 5508: 5504:Law enforcement 5494:List of highest 5482: 5470: 5459: 5411: 5354: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5230: 5197: 5149: 5141: 5116: 5111: 5081: 5076: 5045: 4747: 4589: 4508: 4341: 4320:Native American 4315: 4257: 4222: 4124: 4071: 3999: 3992: 3905: 3899: 3836: 3829: 3768: 3715: 3705: 3700: 3670: 3665: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3571: 3548:East India Club 3542:Den Norske Klub 3524:Caledonian Club 3509: 3499: 3464: 3431: 3420: 3415:Green Room Club 3385: 3327: 3314: 3308:East India Club 3246: 3228:East India Club 3207: 3205: 3195: 3116: 3084:East India Club 3041: 3039: 3028: 3004:East India Club 2998:Devonshire Club 2986: 2945: 2932: 2837:Cocoa-Tree Club 2825: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2767: 2760: 2747: 2717: 2705: 2699: 2686: 2680: 2667: 2658: 2652: 2639: 2630: 2624: 2611: 2605: 2589: 2583: 2570: 2560:Graves, Charles 2558: 2549: 2537: 2527:Darwin, Bernard 2525: 2519: 2506: 2500: 2484: 2478: 2465: 2459: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2422:Further reading 2419: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2122: 2115: 2103: 2099: 2089:Robin Buckley, 2085: 2081: 2067: 2063: 2053:Kristen Hicks, 2049: 2045: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1989: 1974: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1912: 1908: 1898:Peter Catterall 1876: 1872: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1824: 1820: 1790: 1789: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1688:Fraternal order 1679: 1663:East India Club 1659:1832 Reform Act 1644:Travellers Club 1636:Caledonian Club 1625:Yale University 1613: 1601: 1585: 1573: 1523: 1515: 1487: 1435: 1405:Battle of Salta 1399:in the city of 1368: 1340: 1308:Lahore Gymkhana 1276:Lahore Gymkhana 1248: 1235:Chittagong Club 1226: 1221: 1215: 1199: 1184: 1173: 1154: 1139: 1137:South Australia 1123:Queensland Club 1116: 1094:Australian Club 1079: 1053:Australian Club 1046: 1044:New South Wales 1037: 954:Lord Birkenhead 929: 923: 873:The Boston Club 861:Old Colony Club 852: 830:University Club 750:University Club 697: 691: 665: 643:Royal St George 584: 552:The United Club 548:Channel Islands 477: 471: 459: 451: 437: 432: 385: 332: 252:East India Club 239: 233:Joseph Highmore 164:The bar at the 158: 96: 85: 79: 76: 61: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Men's club 15: 12: 11: 5: 6250: 6248: 6240: 6239: 6229: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6201: 6191: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6026:Secret society 6023: 6018: 6013: 6002: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5952: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5872: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5726: 5720: 5718: 5709: 5698: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5648:Ecclesiastical 5640: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5522: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5499:Campaign medal 5496: 5490: 5488: 5473: 5465: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5392: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5302: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5272:Order of merit 5269: 5268: 5267: 5265:Colonial order 5262: 5260:Military order 5251: 5249: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5209:Ecclesiastical 5205: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5174: 5172: 5162: 5155: 5143: 5142: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5072:Secret society 5069: 5064: 5059: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4757: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4513:Major specific 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4134: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4008: 4006: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3653: 3643: 3631: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3568:(1910–present) 3563: 3562:(1939–present) 3557: 3556:(1824–present) 3551: 3550:(1849–present) 3545: 3544:(1887–present) 3539: 3538:(1863–present) 3533: 3527: 3526:(1891–present) 3520: 3518: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3443: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3331: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3268: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3225: 3218: 3216: 3209: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3081: 3075: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3051: 3044: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2950: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2903:National Union 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2817: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2789: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2758:United Kingdom 2748: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2723: 2716: 2715: 2703: 2698:978-1472146465 2697: 2684: 2679:978-1784538187 2678: 2665: 2656: 2651:978-0230120761 2650: 2637: 2628: 2623:978-1906768201 2622: 2609: 2603: 2587: 2582:978-0742545564 2581: 2568: 2556: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2518:978-0719096051 2517: 2504: 2498: 2482: 2477:978-0821420164 2476: 2463: 2457: 2444: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2411:978-0742545564 2410: 2392: 2374: 2360: 2351: 2333: 2315: 2306: 2288: 2275: 2266:"Member Login" 2257: 2239: 2232: 2212: 2205: 2182: 2176:978-0713685541 2175: 2153: 2147:978-8483193372 2146: 2128: 2113: 2097: 2079: 2061: 2043: 2029: 2023:978-1136897702 2022: 2002: 1987: 1973:978-0300116670 1972: 1954: 1952:, p. 808. 1942: 1940:, p. 805. 1930: 1928:, p. 803. 1918: 1916:, p. 799. 1906: 1870: 1831: 1818: 1805:10.1086/505958 1799:(4): 796–818. 1778: 1751: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1678: 1675: 1667:public schools 1612: 1609: 1600: 1597: 1584: 1581: 1577:Hong Kong Club 1572: 1569: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1486: 1483: 1471:industrialists 1434: 1431: 1367: 1364: 1339: 1336: 1322:, Chenab Club 1296:Hindu Gymkhana 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1222: 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1198: 1195: 1183: 1180: 1172: 1169: 1153: 1150: 1138: 1135: 1115: 1112: 1090:Athenaeum Club 1086:Melbourne Club 1078: 1075: 1045: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1029:Vancouver Club 925:Main article: 922: 919: 897:Arlington Club 687:Main article: 664: 661: 596:traditionally 583: 580: 556: 555: 544: 541: 535: 532:William Roscoe 524: 517: 514: 511: 473:Main article: 470: 469:United Kingdom 467: 458: 455: 450: 447: 436: 433: 431: 430:Current status 428: 389:Alexandra Club 384: 381: 361:Stock Exchange 345:Ottoman Empire 331: 328: 260:country houses 157: 154: 130:British Empire 98: 97: 58:of the subject 56:worldwide view 51: 49: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6249: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6200: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6173: 6172:Code of honor 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6130:Battle honour 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6055:Honor society 6053: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6011:Confraternity 6009: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999:organisations 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5945: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5906: 5905: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5854:Shoulder mark 5852: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5732:/Grand Cordon 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5707:(decorations) 5702: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5682: 5668: 5665: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5466: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5417:Jurisdictions 5414: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366:/Grand Cordon 5364: 5361: 5360: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Organisations 5212: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4227:Historically 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4130:Multicultural 4127: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3785:North America 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3713:North America 3708: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3662: 3654: 3652: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3605: 3604:Scottish Club 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583:American Club 3581: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3554:Oriental Club 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3482:New City Club 3480: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3362:The Arts Club 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3344:The Athenaeum 3342: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3230:1849–present 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3202: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086:1849–present 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071:1824–present 3070: 3069:Oriental Club 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974:1836–present 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965:1764–present 2964: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2891:Primrose Club 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2879:Unionist Club 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813:1762–present 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804:1693–present 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531:British Clubs 2528: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2235: 2233:9781412830751 2229: 2225: 2224: 2216: 2213: 2208: 2206:9781317344216 2202: 2199:. 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