378:. Common between all of these philosophical and religious beliefs is an emphasis on acting harmoniously with nature, with strong morals, and with a duty to family. Followers of these religions perceive behavior as being tightly connected with health; illnesses are often thought to be a result of moral failure or insufficiently honoring one's family in current or past life. Furthermore, an emphasis on social harmony may discourage people with mental illness from bringing attention to themselves and seeking help. They may also refuse to speak about their mental illness because of the shame it would bring upon themselves and their family members, who could also be held responsible and experience
496:
despite efforts of the People's
Republic due to economic conditions, lack of social connects and the feeling of a threat to military livelihood. This growing anxiety manifested in both 2016 and 2018, as Chinese veterans demonstrated their satisfaction with the system via protests across China. In both instances, veterans advocated for an increased focus on post-service benefits, resources to aid in post-service jobs, and justice for those who were treated poorly by the government. As a way to combat the dissatisfaction of veterans and alleviate growing tension, the government established the Ministry of Veteran Affairs in 2018. At the same time,
451:
pressure and intense UV radiation. It was critical to place the military there to stabilize the outskirts and protect the
Chinese citizens who live nearby; this made it one of the most important jobs in the army, then increasing the pressure on those who worked in the plateaus. It not only affected the body physically, like in the arteries, lungs, and back, but caused high levels of depression in soldiers because of being away from family members and with limited communication methods. Scientists found that this may impact their lives as they saw that this population had higher rates of divorce and unemployment.
386:
individuals from achieving the standards and goals- whether academic, social, career-based, or other- expected from parents. Without reaching the expectations, individuals are anticipated to bring shame to the family, which will affect the family's overall reputation. Therefore, mental health issues are seen as an unacceptable weakness. This perception of mental health disorders causes individuals to internalize their mental health problems, possibly worsening them, and making it difficult to seek treatment. Eventually, it becomes ignored and overlooked by families.
300:
424:
psychotic disorders and required only informed consent signed by family members. Involuntary admission under the reform is only allowed if patients to pose a clear threat to themselves or others, determined through initial assessment by a registered psychiatrist. Despite the law, a 2017 national survey showed that fewer than 50% of involuntarily admitted individuals met the criteria for involuntary admission, with the number of involuntary psychiatric admissions remaining high in China.
472:
of anxious behaviors, symptoms of depression, sensitivity to traumatic events, resilience and emotional intelligence of existing personnel to aid the screening of new recruits. Similar research has been conducted into the external factors that impact a person's mental fortitude, including single-child status, urban or rural environment, and education level. Subsequently, the government has incorporated mental illness coping techniques into their training manual. In 2013 leak by the
455:
domestic riot control. In a study of 11,000 soldiers, researchers found that those who work as peacekeepers have higher levels of depression compared to those in the engineering and medical departments. With such diverse military roles over an area of 8.4 million square kilometres (3.25 million square miles), it is difficult to gauge its impacts on soldiers’ psyche and provide a single method to address mental health problems.
447:
Second
Military Journal, Third Military Journal, and Fourth Military Journal. In the 1980s, researchers mostly focused on the physical health of soldiers; as the troops' ability to perform their services declined, the government began looking at their mental health to provide an explanation for this trend. In the 1990s, research on it increased with the hope that by improving the mental health of soldiers, combat effectiveness improves.
459:
tops; other researchers found that depressive symptoms can worsen. These research studies demonstrate how difficult it is to assess and treat the mental illness that occurs in the army and how there are inconsistent results. Studies of the military population focus on the men of the military and exclude women, even though the number of women that are joining the military has increased in the last two decades.
81:
40:
142:
438:
depression. Currently, there are no clear initiatives from the government about mental health treatment towards military personnel in China. Specifically, China has been investing in resources towards researching and understanding how the mental health needs of military members and producing policies to reinforce the research results.
446:
Research on the mental health status of active
Chinese military men began in the 1980s where psychologists investigated soldiers' experiences in the plateaus. The change of emphasis from physical to mental health can be seen in China's four dominant military academic journals: First Military Journal,
423:
There have been multiple accusations that China's psychiatric facilities have been used by government officials to silence political dissidents. Prior to China's implementation to the
National Mental Health Law in May 2013, involuntary admission was the most common type of admission for patients with
402:
and psychiatric registrars, averaging 2.9 per 100,000 population, compared to the average in developed countries of 6.6 per 100,000. Individuals without preliminary experience can obtain a license to counsel, following several months of training through the
National Exam for Psychological Counselors.
389:
In addition, many of these philosophies teach followers to accept one's fate. Consequently, people with mental disorders may be less inclined to seek medical treatment because they believe they should not actively try to prevent any symptoms that may manifest. They may also be less likely to question
352:
The suicide rate in China was approximately 23 per 100,000 people between 1995 and 1999. Since then, the rate is thought to have fallen to roughly 7 per 100,000 people, according to government data. WHO states that the rate of suicide is thought to be three to four times higher in rural areas than in
242:
in 1999, the
Chinese government committed to creating a mental health action plan and a national mental health law, among other measures to expand and improve care. The action plan, adopted in 2002, outlined China's priorities of enacting legislation, educating its people on mental illness and mental
471:
In 2006, the People's
Republic Minister for National Defense began mental health vetting at the beginning of the military recruitment process. A Chinese military study consisting of 2500 male military personnel found that some members are more predisposed to mental illness. The study measured levels
519:
depression, a mood disorder occurring during pregnancy and extending into the postpartum period, is linked with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and infants. A meta-regression analysis showed that there has been a notable upward trend in the prevalence of perinatal depression, which affects
458:
Researches have increased over the last two decades, but the studies still lack a sense of comprehensiveness and reliability. In over 73 studies that together included 53,424 military members, some research shows that there is gradual improvement in mental health at high altitudes, such as mountain
437:
Military mental health has recently become an area of focus and improvement, particularly in
Western countries. For example, in the United States, it is estimated that about twenty-five percent of active military members suffer from a mental health problem, such as PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injury, and
253:
In 2011, the legal institution of China's State
Council published a draft for a new mental health law, which includes new regulations concerning the rights of patients to not to be hospitalized against their will. The draft law also promotes the transparency of patient treatment management, as many
2106:
Lu, Li; Duan, Zhizhou; Wang, Yuanyuan; Wilson, Amanda; Yang, Yong; Zhu, Longjun; Guo, Yan; Lv, Yonglang; Yang, Xiaonan; Yu, Renjie; Wang, Shuilan; Wu, Zhengyan; Jiang, Ping; Xia, Mengqing; Wang, Guosheng (March 1, 2020). "Mental health outcomes among Chinese prenatal and postpartum women after the
495:
Besides screening, assessments and an excerpt of the manual, not much is known about the services that are provided to active military members and veterans. Analysis of more than 45 different studies, moreover, has deemed that the level of anxiety in current and ex-military personnel has increased
454:
Comparatively, assessing the mental health status of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is difficult, because military members work a diverse array of duties over a large landscape. Military members also play an active part in disaster relief, peacekeeping in foreign lands, protecting borders, and
450:
Mental health issue can impact active military members' effectiveness in the army, and can create lasting effects on them after they leave the military. Plateaus were an area of interest in this sense because of harsh environmental conditions and the necessity of the work done with low atmospheric
414:
Multiple studies have found that Chinese patients with mental illness report more physical symptoms compared to Western patients, who tend to report more psychological symptoms. For example, Chinese patients with depression are more likely to report feelings of fatigue and muscle aches instead of
249:
Since 2006, the government's 686 Program has worked to redevelop community mental health programs and make these the primary resource, instead of psychiatric hospitals, for people with mental illnesses. These community programs make it possible for mental health care to reach rural areas, and for
250:
people in these areas to become mental health professionals. However, despite the improvement in access to professional treatment, mental health specialists are still relatively inaccessible to rural populations. The program also emphasizes rehabilitation, rather than the management of symptoms.
527:
Risk and protective factors for perinatal depression were studied systematically in three domains of mothers, infants, and sociocultural status. Studies shows that lower socioeconomic status, compromised physical well-being, pregnancy-related anxiety, challenges during childbirth and inadequate
462:
Chinese researchers try to provide solutions that are preventative and reactive, such as implementing early mental health training, or mental health assessments to help service members understand their mental health state, and how to combat these feelings themselves. Researchers also suggest to
1608:
Jiang, Feng; Zhou, Huixuan; Hu, Linlin; Liu, Tingfang; Wu, Shichao; Zhao, Pengyu; Hu, Guangyu; Liu, Huanzhong; Tang, Yilang; Liu, Yuanli (October 2018). "Compliance with the criteria of involuntary admission in China's Mental Health Law: a national cross-sectional study of patients admitted to
385:
Also, reputation might be a factor that prevents individuals from seeking professional help. Good reputations are highly valued. In a Chinese household, every individual shares the responsibility of maintaining and raising the family's reputation. It is believed that mental health will hinder
287:
Though China continues to develop its mental health services, it still has a large number of untreated and undiagnosed people with mental illnesses. The aforementioned intense stigma associated with mental illness, a lack of mental health professionals and specialists, and culturally-specific
1008:
Phillips, Michael R; Zhang, Jingxuan; Shi, Qichang; Song, Zhiqiang; Ding, Zhijie; Pang, Shutao; Li, Xianyun; Zhang, Yali; Wang, Zhiqing (June 2009). "Prevalence, treatment, and associated disability of mental disorders in four provinces in China during 2001–05: an epidemiological survey".
661:
Huang, Yueqin; Wang, Yu; Wang, Hong; Liu, Zhaorui; Yu, Xin; Yan, Jie; Yu, Yaqin; Kou, Changgui; Xu, Xiufeng; Lu, Jin; Wang, Zhizhong; He, Shulan; Xu, Yifeng; He, Yanling; Li, Tao (March 1, 2019). "Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study".
531:
After the implementation of the universal two-child policy, another review article indicates that the second-time mothers exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing anxiety symptoms during pregnancy compared to both prenatal women overall and the entire sample.
361:
It is estimated that 18 percent of the Chinese population, about 244 million people, believe in Buddhism. Another 22 percent of the population, roughly 294 million, people believe in folk religions which are a group of beliefs that share characteristics with
335:. Women were more likely to have a mood or anxiety disorder compared to men, but men were significantly more likely to have an alcohol use disorder. People living in rural areas were more likely to have major depressive disorder or alcohol dependence.
263:
has criticized the law. For example, although it creates some rights for detained patients to request a second opinion from another state psychiatrists and then an independent psychiatrist, there is no right to a legal hearing such as a
258:
must make the determination of mental illness; that patients can choose whether to receive treatment in most cases; and that only those at risk of harming themselves or others are eligible for compulsory inpatient treatment. However,
2062:
Nisar, Anum; Yin, Juan; Waqas, Ahmed; Bai, Xue; Wang, Duolao; Rahman, Atif; Li, Xiaomei (December 1, 2020). "Prevalence of perinatal depression and its determinants in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
1134:
1959:
Nisar, Anum; Yin, Juan; Waqas, Ahmed; Bai, Xue; Wang, Duolao; Rahman, Atif; Li, Xiaomei (December 2020). "Prevalence of perinatal depression and its determinants in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
230:
In 1949, the country began developing its mental health resources by building psychiatric hospitals and facilities for training mental health professionals. However, many community programs were discontinued during the
1646:"Predictors of Suicide and Accident Death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS): Results From the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)"
535:
The COVID-19 pandemic also proved to affect the mental health and well being of perinatal women in China. Several studies suggests that the prevalence rates of psychological distress, anxiety, depressive, and
415:
feelings of depression. However, it is unclear whether this occurs because they feel more comfortable reporting physical symptoms or if depression manifests in a more physical way among Chinese people.
246:
In 2000, the Minority Health Disparities Research and Education Act was enacted. This act helped in raising national awareness on health issues through research, health education, and data collection.
212:. The desire to seek treatment is largely hindered by China's strict social norms (and subsequent stigmas), as well as religious and cultural beliefs regarding personal reputation and social harmony.
1385:
Ryder, Andrew; Yang, Jian; Zhu, Xiongzhao; Yao, Shuqiao; Yi, Jinyao; Heine, Steven (2008). "The Cultural Shaping of Depression: Somatic Symptoms in China, Psychological Symptoms in North America?".
488:
In 2012, the government specifically addressed military mental health in a legal document for the first time. In article 84 of the Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China, it stated, “
484:“...close eyes and imagine zooming in on the scene like a camera . It may feel uncomfortable. Then zoom all the way out until you cannot see anything. Then tell yourself the flashback is gone.”
1756:
Tan, Y., Li, Y., Wu, J., Chen, F., Lu, H., Lu, S., Yang, X., ... Ma, X. (2018). Mental health of Automobile Transportation Troop personnel stationed in the Western Sichuan Plateau of China.
480:
training manual from 2008, specifically concerned how military personnel could combat PTSD and depression while on peacekeeping missions in Tibet. The manual suggested that soldiers should:
2656:
528:
social support posed negative impact to mental health of Chinese mothers. Conversely, enhanced living standards and increased educational support seemed to confer protective benefits.
2651:
520:
approximately 16.3% of Chinese women, with 19.7% experiencing it during pregnancy and 14.8% after childbirth. It indicated a significant inverse relationship between the provincial
463:
improve the mental health of the military members, programs should include psychoeducation, psychological training, and attention to physical health to employ timely intervention.
2005:"Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlated factors among pregnant women during their second and third trimesters in northwest rural China: a cross-sectional study"
2661:
1856:
497:
403:
Due to limited knowledge about psychiatry, low salary, high workload and stigma towards mental illness, very few medical graduates choose to specialize in psychiatry.
1644:
Cox, Kenneth L.; Ursano, Robert J.; Stein, Murray B.; Heeringa, Steven G.; Colpe, Lisa J.; Gilman, Stephen E.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Schoenbaum, Michael (May 1, 2014).
1721:
Zhao, M., Feng, Z., Wang, F., Lai, W., Hu, F...Xia, L. (2017). Chinese military mental health at high altitude, 1993–2013: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of SCL-90.
338:
In 2007, the Chief of China's National Centre for Mental Health, Liu Jin, estimated that approximately 50 percent of outpatient admissions were due to depression.
2803:
473:
227:
opened the first psychiatric hospital in 1898, with the goal of providing care to people with mental health issues, and treating them in a more humane way.
2694:
2681:
1117:
2362:
1817:
Yan J , Wang LJ , Cheng Q , Miao D.M., Zhang L.Y...Pan, Y. (2008) Estimated mental health and analysis of relative factors for new Chinese recruits.
163:
150:
2915:
2668:
2592:
1085:
1243:
1200:
Xu, Ziyan; Gahr, Maximilian; Xiang, Yutao; Kingdon, David; RĂĽsch, Nicolas; Wang, Gang (March 1, 2022). "The state of mental health care in China".
53:
1884:
Yang, Z., Cao, F., Lu, H., Zhu, X., Miao, D. (2014) Changes of anxiety in Chinese Military personnel over time: a cross-temporal meta-analysis.
944:
607:
Xiang, Yu-Tao; Yu, Xin; Sartorius, Norman; Ungvari, Gabor S; Chiu, Helen FK (November 2012). "Mental health in China: challenges and progress".
490:
The State Council and the Central Military Committee will formulate regulations based on this law to manage mental health work in the military.
2843:
2786:
2770:
844:(us), Office of the Surgeon General; (us), Center for Mental Health Services; (us), National Institute of Mental Health (August 1, 2001).
3050:
2613:
2552:
2432:
3055:
1703:
Wang Y., Zhang, L., Chen, C., Yao, G. (2012) Application of Chinese Military Health Scale in screening mental health of new recruits.
90:
3085:
2765:
2689:
2439:
2268:"Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
584:
574:
188:
123:
67:
254:
hospitals were driven by financial motives and disregarded patients' rights. The law, adopted in 2012, stipulates that a qualified
1801:
Chen H.H., Phillips, M.R., Cheng, H., Chen, Q.Q, Chen, X.D...Bueber, M. (2012) Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China
319:
Conducted between 2001 and 2005, a non-governmental survey of 63,000 Chinese adults found that 16 percent of the population had a
2990:
2673:
2638:
2477:
983:"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Training and Research in Mental Health and the Prevention of Substance Abuse"
569:
390:
the stereotypes associated with people with mental illness, and instead agreeing with others that they deserve to be ostracized.
3080:
2510:
2482:
969:
296:
Researchers estimate that roughly 130 million people in China over the age of 18 suffer from mental illness in any given year.
2444:
1438:
Bonnie, Richard J. (2002). "Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies".
787:
Liu, Jin; Ma, Hong; He, Yan-Ling; Xie, Bin; Xu, Yi-Feng; Tang, Hong-Yu; Li, Ming; Hao, Wei; Wang, Xiang-Dong (October 2011).
304:
3020:
3005:
2392:
2355:
579:
554:
549:
3030:
3025:
2965:
2860:
2467:
2602:
2150:
Zeng, Xiaoqin; Li, Wengao; Sun, Hengwen; Luo, Xian; Garg, Samradhvi; Liu, Ting; Zhang, Jingying; Zhang, Yongfu (2020).
3060:
3035:
2955:
2870:
2740:
2730:
2407:
59:
477:
1830:
Ge, Y., Ma, K., Cai, W., Zhang, S,. Wei, D. (2018) Relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological health
982:
3010:
2985:
2910:
2865:
2798:
2646:
2625:
2547:
2427:
2402:
2397:
2209:
Dong, Haoxu; Hu, Runan; Lu, Chao; Huang, Dajian; Cui, Dandan; Huang, Guangying; Zhang, Mingmin (February 1, 2021).
559:
299:
155:
2980:
2940:
2880:
2836:
2597:
2572:
2417:
1785:
Feng Zhengzhi ,Qin, D.(2008) A Meta-Analysis Concerning the Mental Health Status of Members of the Chinese Army.
1773:
Sun, X., Zhao, L., Chen, C., Cui, X., Guo, J., Zhang, L. (2014). Mental Health of Chinese Peacekeepers in Liberia
324:
276:
272:
239:
94:
3045:
3015:
3000:
2970:
2935:
2930:
2895:
2619:
2515:
2348:
918:
737:"The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications"
1901:
1516:
Munro, Robin J. (2002). "Political psychiatry in post-Mao China and its origins in the cultural revolution".
1261:'Developmental' Therapy for a 'Modernised' Society: The Sociopolitical Meanings of Psychology in Urban China"
1159:
Wynaden, Dianne; Chapman, Rose; Orb, Angelica; McGowan, Sunita; Zeeman, Zenith; Yeak, SiewHo (June 1, 2005).
3040:
2995:
2975:
2950:
2920:
2885:
2875:
2422:
2960:
2945:
2925:
2905:
2900:
2760:
2505:
1394:
1092:
521:
265:
1490:
2750:
2710:
2587:
223:'s first mental institutions were introduced before 1849 by Western missionaries. Missionary and doctor
2211:"Investigation on the mental health status of pregnant women in China during the Pandemic of COVID-19"
2829:
2725:
2720:
2530:
948:
564:
516:
353:
urban areas. The most common method, poisoning by pesticides, accounts for 62 percent of incidences.
2331:
Chinese Societies and Mental Health (1995) edited by Tsung-yi Lin, Wen-shing Tseng, and Eng-kung Yeh
1934:
1399:
232:
2337:
Narcotic Culture – A History of Drugs in China (2004) by Frank Dikötter, Lars Laamann and Zhou Xun
2735:
2328:
Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture (1981) edited by Arthur Kleinman and Tsung-yi Lin
1420:
1042:
640:
260:
540:
symptoms among of Chinese pregnant women were recorded at 70%, 37%, 31%, and 49%, respectively.
2535:
2472:
2462:
2307:
2289:
2248:
2230:
2191:
2173:
2132:
2124:
2088:
2080:
2044:
2026:
1985:
1977:
1909:
1683:
1665:
1626:
1590:
1572:
1533:
1525:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1412:
1367:
1349:
1318:
1300:
1225:
1217:
1182:
1111:
1034:
1026:
900:
882:
826:
808:
766:
687:
679:
632:
624:
224:
1060:
2755:
2745:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2297:
2279:
2238:
2222:
2181:
2163:
2116:
2072:
2034:
2016:
1969:
1673:
1657:
1618:
1580:
1564:
1447:
1404:
1357:
1308:
1290:
1209:
1172:
1018:
890:
874:
816:
800:
756:
748:
671:
616:
379:
342:
328:
308:
2152:"Mental Health Outcomes in Perinatal Women During the Remission Phase of COVID-19 in China"
1278:
2791:
2582:
2500:
2412:
2387:
2371:
209:
878:
406:
A study in 2015 reported that two-thirds of counties in China lacked any psychiatrists.
2540:
2302:
2267:
2243:
2210:
2186:
2151:
2039:
2004:
1678:
1645:
1585:
1552:
1362:
1337:
1313:
895:
862:
821:
804:
788:
761:
736:
17:
1622:
1022:
675:
620:
101:
3074:
1661:
1177:
1160:
789:"Mental health system in China: history, recent service reform and future challenges"
320:
1424:
1279:"Integrated mental health services in China: challenges and planning for the future"
1244:"From psychotherapy to psycho-boom: a historical overview of psychotherapy in China"
644:
1842:
Xu, X., Li, X., Zhang, J., Wang, W., (2018) Mental Health-Related Stigma in China.
1046:
399:
363:
255:
204:
is a growing issue. Experts have estimated that about 130 million adults living in
105:
2520:
2379:
1408:
2226:
2021:
1568:
1551:
Shao, Yang; Xie, Bin; Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio; Good, Byron J. (January 2010).
847:
Chapter 2 Culture Counts: The Influence of Culture and Society on Mental Health
845:
2715:
2608:
2525:
2284:
2168:
2120:
2076:
1973:
1260:
1213:
500:
332:
2293:
2234:
2177:
2128:
2084:
2030:
2003:
Chang, Fang; Fan, Xin; Zhang, Yi; Tang, Bin; Jia, Xiyuan (January 16, 2022).
1981:
1913:
1832:. Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University. (Vol. 39) pg. 92–96
1669:
1630:
1576:
1529:
1459:
1353:
1304:
1221:
1030:
886:
812:
752:
683:
628:
1295:
375:
346:
312:
243:
health resources, and developing a stable and comprehensive system of care.
2821:
2311:
2252:
2195:
2136:
2092:
2048:
1989:
1687:
1594:
1537:
1467:
1416:
1322:
1229:
1186:
1038:
904:
830:
770:
691:
636:
141:
1371:
341:
There is a disproportionate impact on the quality of life for people with
307:
shows the disproportionate impact on the quality of life for persons with
2454:
1451:
1061:"The World Today – China launches major reform of mental health services"
986:
710:
537:
367:
1161:"Factors that influence Asian communities' access to mental health care"
863:"Significance of the 686 Program for China and for global mental health"
2492:
371:
1734:
Wang, X., He. X. (2015) Progress of Chinese Military Mental Health.
1553:"Current legislation on admission of mentally ill patients in China"
1935:"Perinatal Depression - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)"
2340:
1857:"Chinese troops suffering post-traumatic stress disorder in Tibet"
711:"Content Pages of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Social Science"
298:
220:
205:
850:. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US).
945:"China Voice: Mental health law can better protect human rights"
288:
expressions of mental illness may play a role in the disparity.
2825:
2344:
1902:"Marching Across China, Army Veterans Join Ranks of Protesters"
1277:
Liang, Di; Mays, Vickie M; Hwang, Wei-Chin (January 1, 2018).
135:
74:
33:
1518:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
1440:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
503:
promised to enact laws that protect the welfare of veterans.
970:
China: End Arbitrary Detention in Mental Health Institutions
2657:
National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention
1699:
1697:
919:"China adopts mental health law to curb forced treatment"
238:
In a meeting jointly held by Chinese ministries and the
2652:
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
2334:
Mental health care in China (1995) By Veronica Pearson
861:
Good, Byron J.; Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio (June 2012).
2779:
2703:
2637:
2491:
2453:
2378:
275:with China in the development of a national mental
524:(GDP) and depression rates among Chinese mothers.
2662:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1886:International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 8
985:. WHO Collaborating Center at NKI. Archived from
2683:Macau Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture
498:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
2107:implementation of universal two-child policy".
398:By the end of 2019, there were 40,850 licensed
2814: * only in special administrative regions
2804:China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
2266:Yan, Haohao; Ding, Yudan; Guo, Wenbin (2020).
1705:Medical and Health Research Foundation of PLA.
1165:International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
2837:
2356:
8:
327:. Thirteen percent of the population had an
2695:National Healthcare Security Administration
1557:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
1248:Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy in China
1135:"Religion Statistics and Information | GRF"
357:Stigma related to cultural and folk beliefs
68:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2844:
2830:
2822:
2363:
2349:
2341:
1787:Third Military Medical University. 40(03).
947:. Xinhua. October 25, 2012. Archived from
580:Political abuse of psychiatry § China
268:and no guarantee of legal representation.
104:. Please do not remove this message until
2301:
2283:
2242:
2185:
2167:
2038:
2020:
1677:
1584:
1398:
1361:
1312:
1294:
1176:
894:
820:
760:
189:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
2669:National Medical Products Administration
1491:"The Misuse of China's Mental Hospitals"
166:of all important aspects of the article.
100:Relevant discussion may be found on the
596:
1895:
1893:
1844:Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 37(2)
1116:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1109:
162:Please consider expanding the lead to
2215:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
1880:
1878:
1813:
1811:
1797:
1795:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1129:
1127:
656:
654:
602:
600:
323:, including 6 percent of people with
7:
879:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.03.008
782:
780:
705:
703:
701:
805:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00059.x
25:
2766:Violence against doctors in China
2690:General Administration of Customs
741:American Journal of Public Health
585:Mental health of Chinese students
575:Mental health in Southeast Africa
49:This article has multiple issues.
1900:Buckley, Chris (June 25, 2018).
1803:. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 24(6)
1723:Acta Psychologica Sinica. 49(5),
1662:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4417
1338:"Psychiatry and Chinese Culture"
1178:10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00364.x
570:Mental health in the Middle East
140:
79:
38:
1524:(1): 97–106, discussion 95–96.
1336:Lin, Tsung-Yi (December 1983).
1265:China: An International Journal
972:Human Rights Watch, May 3, 2013
867:Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry
507:Mental health of women in China
474:Tibetan Center for Human Rights
154:may be too short to adequately
57:or discuss these issues on the
2675:Hong Kong Department of Health
2109:Journal of Affective Disorders
2065:Journal of Affective Disorders
1962:Journal of Affective Disorders
1775:. Eur J. Psychiat 28, pg 77–85
1387:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
428:Chinese military mental health
305:disability-adjusted life years
292:Prevalence of mental disorders
164:provide an accessible overview
1:
1623:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32638-2
1023:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60660-7
676:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30511-X
621:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60893-3
555:Geriatric depression in China
550:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
2787:China–Cornell–Oxford Project
2468:Traditional Chinese medicine
2009:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
2771:Water supply and sanitation
1489:Yin, Chi; Cohen, Jerome A.
1409:10.1037/0021-843x.117.2.300
1342:Western Journal of Medicine
1242:Huang, Hsuan-Ying. (2015).
1202:Asian Journal of Psychiatry
106:conditions to do so are met
3102:
2799:China Family Panel Studies
2647:National Health Commission
2227:10.1007/s00404-020-05805-x
2022:10.1186/s12884-021-04340-0
1569:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.10.001
1283:Health Policy and Planning
1139:globalreligiousfutures.org
735:Blum, N.; Fee, E. (2008).
560:Mental health in education
476:of a small portion of the
2857:
2812:
2418:Patriotic Health Campaign
2285:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617001
2169:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571876
2121:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.011
2077:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.046
1974:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.046
1609:hospital involuntarily".
1214:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102975
325:major depressive disorder
277:health information system
271:Since 1993, WHO has been
240:World Health Organization
29:Health and wellness issue
3086:Mental health by country
2852:Mental health by country
2598:Swine influenza outbreak
2398:Healthcare system reform
753:10.2105/ajph.2008.134577
478:People's Liberation Army
2478:Pharmaceutical industry
2423:China Welfare Institute
2272:Frontiers in Psychology
2156:Frontiers in Psychiatry
394:Lack of qualified staff
18:Mental illness in China
3081:Mental health in China
2593:Disease-related deaths
2553:lead poisoning scandal
2511:Cardiovascular disease
522:Gross Domestic Product
486:
316:
266:mental health tribunal
202:Mental health in China
2521:Enterovirus 71 (EV71)
2445:Organ transplantation
1296:10.1093/heapol/czx137
664:The Lancet Psychiatry
482:
331:and 9 percent had an
302:
208:are suffering from a
2393:Disease surveillance
1736:J Third Mil Med Univ
1452:10.2139/ssrn.1760001
1259:Hizi, Gil. (2017). "
989:on February 18, 2012
565:Global mental health
512:Perinatal depression
333:alcohol use disorder
1861:www.telegraph.co.uk
1017:(9680): 2041–2053.
951:on October 29, 2012
615:(9855): 1715–1716.
345:in China and other
311:in China and other
233:Cultural Revolution
93:of this article is
2741:Population history
2731:Illegal drug trade
2428:Hospitals in China
2408:Health informatics
1906:The New York Times
1098:on August 24, 2011
925:. October 26, 2012
317:
261:Human Rights Watch
3068:
3067:
2819:
2818:
2614:COVID-19 pandemic
2548:Iodine deficiency
2463:Medicine in China
410:Physical symptoms
283:Current situation
199:
198:
191:
181:
180:
134:
133:
126:
72:
16:(Redirected from
3093:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2578:Pneumonic plague
2516:Chronic diseases
2506:Blue-ear disease
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2287:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2171:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2024:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1939:www.nimh.nih.gov
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1897:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1754:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1402:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1298:
1274:
1268:
1267:. 15(2): 98–119.
1257:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1091:. Archived from
1090:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
915:
909:
908:
898:
858:
852:
851:
841:
835:
834:
824:
793:World Psychiatry
784:
775:
774:
764:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
715:hirr.hartsem.edu
707:
696:
695:
658:
649:
648:
604:
380:social isolation
343:bipolar disorder
329:anxiety disorder
309:bipolar disorder
194:
187:
176:
173:
167:
144:
136:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
83:
82:
75:
64:
42:
41:
34:
21:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
2853:
2850:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2792:The China Study
2775:
2699:
2633:
2626:Omicron variant
2501:Avian influenza
2487:
2449:
2440:Medical schools
2413:Barefoot doctor
2374:
2372:Health in China
2369:
2325:
2323:Further reading
2320:
2319:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1819:Mil Med 173(10)
1816:
1809:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1755:
1746:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1707:37(5) pp. 420–4
1702:
1695:
1650:JAMA Psychiatry
1643:
1642:
1638:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1495:thediplomat.com
1488:
1487:
1483:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1400:10.1.1.329.7641
1384:
1383:
1379:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1241:
1237:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:"Archived copy"
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
968:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
917:
916:
912:
860:
859:
855:
843:
842:
838:
786:
785:
778:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
709:
708:
699:
660:
659:
652:
606:
605:
598:
593:
546:
514:
509:
469:
444:
435:
430:
421:
412:
396:
359:
294:
285:
218:
210:mental disorder
195:
184:
183:
182:
177:
171:
168:
161:
149:This article's
145:
130:
119:
113:
110:
99:
84:
80:
43:
39:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:United Kingdom
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2606:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:Plasma Economy
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:Classification
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2403:Women's health
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2258:
2221:(2): 463–469.
2201:
2142:
2098:
2054:
1995:
1951:
1926:
1889:
1874:
1863:. May 21, 2013
1848:
1835:
1823:
1807:
1791:
1778:
1766:
1744:
1727:
1709:
1693:
1656:(5): 493–503.
1636:
1600:
1543:
1508:
1497:. The Diplomat
1481:
1430:
1377:
1348:(6): 862–867.
1328:
1289:(1): 107–122.
1269:
1252:
1235:
1192:
1151:
1123:
1077:
1052:
1000:
974:
962:
936:
910:
873:(3): 175–177.
853:
836:
799:(3): 210–216.
776:
727:
697:
670:(3): 211–224.
650:
595:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
545:
542:
513:
510:
508:
505:
468:
467:Implementation
465:
443:
440:
434:
431:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
395:
392:
358:
355:
293:
290:
284:
281:
217:
214:
197:
196:
179:
178:
158:the key points
148:
146:
139:
132:
131:
87:
85:
78:
73:
47:
46:
44:
37:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3098:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:United States
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Vegetarianism
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:Delta variant
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:SARS pandemic
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Mental health
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2483:Biotechnology
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:: 1022–1037.
2070:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:: 1022–1037.
1967:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1821:pp. 1031 – 4.
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:pp. 2213–2217
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:(1): 136–44.
1445:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1393:(2): 300–13.
1392:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1001:
988:
984:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
950:
946:
940:
937:
924:
920:
914:
911:
906:
902:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
854:
849:
848:
840:
837:
832:
828:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:
781:
777:
772:
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
728:
716:
712:
706:
704:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
657:
655:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
603:
601:
597:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
541:
539:
533:
529:
525:
523:
518:
511:
506:
504:
502:
499:
493:
491:
485:
481:
479:
475:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
441:
439:
432:
427:
425:
418:
416:
409:
407:
404:
401:
400:psychiatrists
393:
391:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
356:
354:
350:
348:
344:
339:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:mood disorder
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
291:
289:
282:
280:
278:
274:
273:collaborating
269:
267:
262:
257:
251:
247:
244:
241:
236:
234:
228:
226:
222:
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
193:
190:
175:
172:November 2018
165:
159:
157:
152:
147:
143:
138:
137:
128:
125:
117:
107:
103:
97:
96:
92:
86:
77:
76:
71:
69:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
45:
36:
35:
32:
27:
19:
3021:South Africa
3006:Sierra Leone
2890:
2789:
2751:Prostitution
2711:Demographics
2682:
2674:
2588:Tuberculosis
2562:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1905:
1885:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1802:
1789:pp. 358–367.
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1704:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1563:(1): 52–57.
1560:
1556:
1546:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1494:
1484:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1264:
1255:
1247:
1238:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1171:(2): 88–95.
1168:
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1100:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1014:
1010:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
977:
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:the original
939:
927:. Retrieved
922:
913:
870:
866:
856:
846:
839:
796:
792:
744:
740:
730:
718:. Retrieved
714:
667:
663:
612:
608:
534:
530:
526:
515:
494:
489:
487:
483:
470:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
436:
422:
413:
405:
397:
388:
384:
364:Confucianism
360:
351:
340:
337:
318:
295:
286:
270:
256:psychiatrist
252:
248:
245:
237:
229:
225:John G. Kerr
219:
201:
200:
185:
169:
153:
151:lead section
120:
111:
89:
65:
58:
52:
51:Please help
48:
31:
26:
3031:Switzerland
3026:South Korea
2991:Philippines
2966:New Zealand
2861:Afghanistan
2726:Food safety
2721:Environment
2716:Dust storms
2531:Hepatitis B
2115:: 187–192.
1846:pp. 126–134
1805:pg. 305–321
1725:pp. 653–662
1144:October 21,
993:October 20,
955:October 27,
929:October 27,
747:(9): 1593.
720:October 21,
349:countries.
303:The map of
3075:Categories
3061:Uzbekistan
3036:Tajikistan
2956:Montenegro
2871:Bangladesh
2639:Government
2609:SARS-CoV-2
2526:Fujian flu
2380:Healthcare
1919:August 16,
1867:August 16,
1611:The Lancet
1501:August 14,
1250:. 1: 1–30.
1208:: 102975.
1070:October 3,
1065:abc.net.au
1011:The Lancet
609:The Lancet
591:References
501:Xi Jinping
442:Background
347:East Asian
315:countries.
313:East Asian
91:neutrality
54:improve it
3011:Singapore
2986:Palestine
2911:Indonesia
2866:Australia
2736:Pollution
2294:1664-1078
2235:1432-0711
2178:1664-0640
2129:0165-0327
2085:0165-0327
2031:1471-2393
2015:(1): 38.
1982:0165-0327
1944:March 31,
1914:0362-4331
1670:2168-622X
1631:0140-6736
1577:0160-2527
1530:1093-6793
1460:1556-5068
1395:CiteSeerX
1354:0093-0415
1305:0268-1080
1222:1876-2018
1031:0140-6736
887:1002-0829
813:1723-8617
684:2215-0366
629:0140-6736
517:Perinatal
376:shamanism
156:summarize
114:June 2017
102:talk page
60:talk page
2981:Pakistan
2941:Malaysia
2881:Cambodia
2536:HIV/AIDS
2493:Diseases
2473:Pharmacy
2455:Medicine
2312:33324308
2253:33009997
2196:33132935
2137:32056749
2093:33065811
2049:35034637
1990:33065811
1758:Medicine
1688:24590048
1595:19913300
1538:11931373
1468:11931362
1425:14281338
1417:18489206
1323:29040516
1230:34998231
1187:15896255
1112:cite web
1102:July 30,
1039:19524780
905:25324623
831:21991281
771:18633073
692:30792114
645:39124942
637:23158236
544:See also
538:insomnia
433:Overview
368:Buddhism
95:disputed
3046:Ukraine
3016:Somalia
3001:Senegal
2971:Nigeria
2936:Liberia
2931:Lebanon
2916:Ireland
2896:Finland
2780:Studies
2756:Smoking
2746:Poverty
2704:Related
2568:Obesity
2558:Leprosy
2303:7723850
2244:7532741
2187:7573142
2040:8762974
1679:4124912
1586:2813951
1476:1760001
1372:6364576
1363:1011017
1314:5886187
1047:5990225
923:Reuters
896:4198850
822:3188776
762:2509595
216:History
3041:Uganda
2996:Russia
2976:Norway
2951:Mexico
2921:Israel
2886:Canada
2876:Belize
2628:(2022)
2622:(2021)
2616:(2020)
2605:(2003)
2583:Stroke
2388:Health
2310:
2300:
2292:
2251:
2241:
2233:
2194:
2184:
2176:
2135:
2127:
2091:
2083:
2047:
2037:
2029:
1988:
1980:
1912:
1740:37(22)
1686:
1676:
1668:
1629:
1617:: S9.
1593:
1583:
1575:
1536:
1528:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1423:
1415:
1397:
1370:
1360:
1352:
1321:
1311:
1303:
1228:
1220:
1185:
1045:
1037:
1029:
903:
893:
885:
829:
819:
811:
769:
759:
690:
682:
643:
635:
627:
419:Misuse
374:, and
372:Taoism
2961:Nepal
2946:Malta
2926:Kenya
2906:India
2901:Haiti
2891:China
2573:Opium
1764:(12),
1421:S2CID
1096:(PDF)
1089:(PDF)
1043:S2CID
641:S2CID
221:China
206:China
2308:PMID
2290:ISSN
2249:PMID
2231:ISSN
2192:PMID
2174:ISSN
2133:PMID
2125:ISSN
2089:PMID
2081:ISSN
2045:PMID
2027:ISSN
1986:PMID
1978:ISSN
1946:2024
1921:2023
1910:ISSN
1869:2023
1684:PMID
1666:ISSN
1627:ISSN
1591:PMID
1573:ISSN
1534:PMID
1526:ISSN
1503:2020
1472:SSRN
1464:PMID
1456:ISSN
1413:PMID
1368:PMID
1350:ISSN
1319:PMID
1301:ISSN
1226:PMID
1218:ISSN
1183:PMID
1146:2018
1118:link
1104:2011
1072:2018
1035:PMID
1027:ISSN
995:2016
957:2012
931:2012
901:PMID
883:ISSN
827:PMID
809:ISSN
767:PMID
722:2018
688:PMID
680:ISSN
633:PMID
625:ISSN
88:The
2298:PMC
2280:doi
2239:PMC
2223:doi
2219:303
2182:PMC
2164:doi
2117:doi
2113:264
2073:doi
2069:277
2035:PMC
2017:doi
1970:doi
1966:277
1674:PMC
1658:doi
1619:doi
1615:392
1581:PMC
1565:doi
1448:doi
1405:doi
1391:117
1358:PMC
1346:139
1309:PMC
1291:doi
1210:doi
1173:doi
1019:doi
1015:373
891:PMC
875:doi
817:PMC
801:doi
757:PMC
749:doi
672:doi
617:doi
613:380
3077::
2306:.
2296:.
2288:.
2278:.
2276:11
2274:.
2270:.
2247:.
2237:.
2229:.
2217:.
2213:.
2190:.
2180:.
2172:.
2162:.
2160:11
2158:.
2154:.
2131:.
2123:.
2111:.
2087:.
2079:.
2067:.
2043:.
2033:.
2025:.
2013:22
2011:.
2007:.
1984:.
1976:.
1964:.
1937:.
1908:.
1904:.
1892:^
1877:^
1859:.
1810:^
1794:^
1762:97
1760:,
1747:^
1738:,
1712:^
1696:^
1682:.
1672:.
1664:.
1654:71
1652:.
1648:.
1625:.
1613:.
1589:.
1579:.
1571:.
1561:33
1559:.
1555:.
1532:.
1522:30
1520:.
1493:.
1470:.
1462:.
1454:.
1444:30
1442:.
1419:.
1411:.
1403:.
1389:.
1366:.
1356:.
1344:.
1340:.
1317:.
1307:.
1299:.
1287:33
1285:.
1281:.
1263:.
1246:.
1224:.
1216:.
1206:69
1204:.
1181:.
1169:14
1167:.
1163:.
1137:.
1126:^
1114:}}
1110:{{
1063:.
1041:.
1033:.
1025:.
1013:.
921:.
899:.
889:.
881:.
871:24
869:.
865:.
825:.
815:.
807:.
797:10
795:.
791:.
779:^
765:.
755:.
745:98
743:.
739:.
713:.
700:^
686:.
678:.
666:.
653:^
639:.
631:.
623:.
611:.
599:^
492:"
382:.
370:,
366:,
279:.
235:.
63:.
2845:e
2838:t
2831:v
2794:)
2790:(
2686:*
2678:*
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
2314:.
2282::
2255:.
2225::
2198:.
2166::
2139:.
2119::
2095:.
2075::
2051:.
2019::
1992:.
1972::
1948:.
1923:.
1871:.
1690:.
1660::
1633:.
1621::
1597:.
1567::
1540:.
1505:.
1478:.
1450::
1427:.
1407::
1374:.
1325:.
1293::
1232:.
1212::
1189:.
1175::
1148:.
1120:)
1106:.
1074:.
1049:.
1021::
997:.
959:.
933:.
907:.
877::
833:.
803::
773:.
751::
724:.
694:.
674::
668:6
647:.
619::
192:)
186:(
174:)
170:(
160:.
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
108:.
98:.
70:)
66:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
