840:, and AUT biologist Kat Bolstad were invited to the museum to aid in the process, joined by Marine Ecologist Mark Fenwick and Dutch scientist Olaf Blaauw. Media reports suggested scientists at the museum were considering using a giant microwave to defrost the squid because thawing it at room temperature would take several days and it would likely begin to decompose on the outside while the core remained frozen. However, they later opted for the more conventional approach of thawing the specimen in a bath of salt water. After thawing, it was found that the specimen was 495 kg with a mantle length of 2.5 m and a total length of only 4.2 m, probably because the tentacles shrank once the squid was dead.
672:
diffraction blurring and greater contrast distinction, must be extremely beneficial to the colossal squid to justify the large energetic expenses to grow, move, camouflage, and maintain these eyes. The colossal squid's increased pupil size has been mathematically proven to overcome the visual complications of the pelagic zone (the combination of downwelling daylight, bioluminescence, and light scattering with increasing distance), especially by monitoring larger volumes of water at once and by detecting long-range changes in plankton bioluminescence via the physical disruption of large moving objects (e.g., sperm whales).
500:
98:
798:
899:
246:
73:
393:
49:
327:. Maximum total length has been estimated between 10 metres (33 ft) and 14 metres (46 ft) but the former estimate is more likely. The colossal squid has the largest eyes of any known creature ever to exist, with an estimated diameter of 27–30 cm (11–12 in) to 40 cm (16 in) for the largest collected specimen.
727:
Most of the time, full colossal squid specimens are not collected; as of 2015, only 12 complete colossal squids had ever been recorded, with only half of these being full adults. Commonly, beak remnants of the colossal squid are collected; 55 beaks of colossal squids have been recorded in total. Less
580:
Many sperm whales have scars on their backs, believed to be caused by the hooks of colossal squid. Colossal squid are a major prey item for sperm whales in the
Antarctic; 14% of the squid beaks found in the stomachs of these sperm whales are those of the colossal squid, which indicates that colossal
662:
which is quite unique compared to other squids in such cold waters. Colossal squid oocytes have been observed at sizes ranging from as large as 3.2x2.1 mm to as small as 1.4x0.5 mm. Sampling of colossal squid ovaries show an average of 2175 eggs per gram. Young squid are thought to spawn
815:
The largest recorded specimen was a female, which are thought to be larger than males, captured in
February 2007 by a New Zealand fishing boat in the Ross Sea off Antarctica. The squid was close to death when it was captured and subsequently was taken back to New Zealand for scientific study. The
477:
has been deemed a "hotspot" based on characteristics of the habitat. The squid's vertical distribution appears to correlate directly with age. Young squid are found between 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft), adolescent squid are found 500–2,000 m (1,600–6,600 ft) and adult squid are found
1126:
McClain, Craig R.; Balk, Meghan A.; Benfield, Mark C.; Branch, Trevor A.; Chen, Catherine; Cosgrove, James; Dove, Alistair D.M.; Gaskins, Lindsay C.; Helm, Rebecca R.; Hochberg, Frederick G.; Lee, Frank B.; Marshall, Andrea; McMurray, Steven E.; Schanche, Caroline; Stone, Shane N. & Thaler,
653:
Not much is known about the colossal squid's reproductive cycle, although it does have two distinct sexes. Many species of squid, however, develop sex-specific organs as they age and develop. The adult female colossal squid has been discovered in much shallower waters, which likely implies that
350:
In 2022-23 there were several attempts made by scientists including an ocean exploration non-profit KOLOSSAL to find and film the colossal squid in its natural habitat for the first time to learn more about its biology and ecological behavior. The science team used a tourism vessel to survey 36
547:
have demonstrated that the colossal squid is a top predator that is positively correlated with its increased size. This new confirmation of the colossal squid's trophic level suggests that it likely preys on large fishes and smaller squids, according to its size, and that its predators include
671:
For pelagic organisms of similar weight to the colossal squid, such as the swordfish, the average eye diameter required for visual detection is 10 cm, but the colossal squid's are as large as 30 cm (12 in). The allowed increase in visual detection strategies, including reduced
425:
also exhibits abyssal gigantism, but the colossal squid is heavier. Although it is unclear what the maximum weight for colossal squids is, analysis of squid beak dimensions from sperm whale stomachs provided estimates that colossal squids may weigh up to 700 kg or 1,500 lb.
777:. In 2003, a complete specimen of a subadult female was found near the surface with a total length of 6 m (20 ft) and a mantle length of 2.5 m (8 feet 3 inches). In 2005, the first full living specimen was captured at a depth of 1,625 m (5,331 ft) while taking a
789:. Although the mantle was not brought aboard, its length was estimated at over 2.5 m (8 feet 3 inches), and the tentacles measured 2.3 metres (7 feet 7 inches). The animal is thought to have weighed between 150 and 200 kg (330 and 440 lb).
342:
The first specimens were discovered and described in 1925. In 1981, an adult specimen was discovered; in 2003, a second specimen was collected. Captured in 2007, the largest colossal squid weighed 495 kilograms (1,091 lb), and is now on display at the
1015:
Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter
Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.).
929:. Furthermore, colossal squid are not targeted by fishermen; rather, they are only caught when they attempt to feed on fish caught on hooks. Additionally, due to their habitat, interactions between humans and colossal squid are considered rare.
380:
and anatomy of the colossal squid are the same as any other squid. However, there are certain morphological characteristics that separate the colossal squid from other squids in its family: the colossal squid is the only squid in
362:
More expeditions are being planned for and before 2025, the hundredth year anniversary of the first discovery of the colossal squid, in attempts to find and film an adult colossal squid living freely in its natural environment.
404:, as it is the heaviest living invertebrate species, reaching weights up to 495 kg (1,091 lb). For comparison, squids typically have a mantle length of about 30 cm (12 in) and weigh about 100–200 g (
2740:
375:
shares features common to all squids: a mantle for locomotion, one pair of gills, a beak or tooth, and certain external characteristics like eight arms and two tentacles, a head, and two fins. In general, the
330:
The species has similar anatomy to other members of its family, although it is the only member of
Cranchiidae to display hooks on its arms, suckers and tentacles. It is known to inhabit the circumantarctic
527:
make up a significant part of the colossal squid's diet; of the 8,000 toothfish brought aboard trawlers between 2011 and 2014, seventy-one showed clear signs of attack by colossal squid. A study in
645:). However, beaks from mature adults have only been recovered from large predators (i.e. sperm whales and southern sleeper sharks), while the other predators only eat juveniles or young adults.
359:
or a new species of glass squid unknown to science. If confirmed, this would be the first filming of a colossal squid underwater in its natural habitat and the first footage of a juvenile.
882: in) across. This is the largest eye of any known animal. These measurements are of the partly collapsed specimen; alive, the eye was probably 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) across.
351:
locations throughout the
Southern Ocean and may have filmed for the first time a small juvenile colossal squid. Researchers have confirmed it is a species of glass squid, but due to
568:, needing only around 30 grams (1 oz) of prey daily for an adult with a mass of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). Estimates of its energy requirements suggest it is a slow-moving
2737:
702:). Squid statocysts likely respond to low frequency sounds less than 500 Hz, similar to pelagic fish. Colossal squid are essentially deaf to high frequencies, such as whale
1066:
385:
whose arms and tentacles are equipped with hooks, either swivelling or three-pointed. There are squids in other families that also have hooks, but no other squid in the family
605:
ever recorded, besides the sperm whale. This places the beaked whales as some of the few food competitors of the sperm whale. Other possible squid predators include the
601:
whales; the beaked whales essentially resemble oversized dolphins, some with a more pronounced underbite on their snout (or "beak"). They are among the deepest-diving
1978:
801:
This specimen, caught in early 2007, is the largest cephalopod ever recorded. Here it is shown alive during capture, with the delicate red skin still intact and the
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began displaying this specimen from 13 December 2008. The exhibition was closed between 2018 and 2019, but is currently open again for public viewing at Te Papa.
715:
312:
1181:
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1932:"Distribution and biology of the colossal squid, Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni: New data from depredation in toothfish fisheries and sperm whale stomach contents"
1513:
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It is hypothesized that the colossal squid's eyes can detect predator movement beyond 120 m, which is the upper limit of the sperm whale's sonar range.
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1204:
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910:
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825:
344:
2022:
Remeslo, Alexander; Yukhov, Valentin; Bolstad, Kathrin & Laptikhovsky, Vladimir (May 2019). "Distribution and biology of the colossal squid,
3577:
2070:
1679:
Graham, Myrah; Herbig, Jennifer; Jacobsen, Eugenie; Maldonado, Tatiana K.; Beck, Jared; Lackey, Brent; Mulrennan, Matthew (20 February 2024).
3292:
2381:
3070:
3552:
1654:
3036:
2820:
2260:
Clarke, M.R. (1980). "Cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern hemisphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology".
1299:
829:
2167:"Stable isotopes, beaks and predators: a new tool to study the trophic ecology of cephalopods, including giant and colossal squids"
1603:
315:. The species is confirmed to reach a mass of at least 495 kilograms (1,091 lb), though the largest specimens—known only from
1825:
3562:
3514:
3331:
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1029:
429:
The colossal squid also has the largest eyes documented in the animal kingdom, with a diameter of 27–30 cm (11–12 in).
1219:
Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and
Oegopsid Squids
773:, caught a large squid with a total length of over 4 m (13 ft), which was later identified as an immature female of
1466:
3480:
3258:
97:
3143:
3567:
2863:
2679:
3065:
1798:
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females spawn in shallower waters, rather than their normal depth. Additionally, the colossal squid has a high possible
3410:
3387:
3188:
3165:
1873:
2570:
2119:
Lu, C.C. & Williams, R. (June 1994). "Contribution to the biology of squid in the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica".
1517:
3572:
3493:
3284:
590:
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1542:
594:
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region of
Antarctica found squid remains in a female colossal squid's stomach, suggesting the possibility of
2463:
Nilsson, Dan-E; Warrant, Eric J.; Johnsen, Sönke; Hanlon, Roger T. & Shashar, Nadav (8 September 2013).
797:
598:
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stomachs—may perhaps weigh as much as 600–700 kilograms (1,300–1,500 lb), making it the largest known
3105:
3047:
2763:
2374:
Cephalopods of the world : an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date
1721:
622:
614:
278:
3415:
3193:
2406:
Nilsson, Dan-Eric; Warrant, Eric J.; Johnsen, Sönke; Hanlon, Roger & Shashar, Nadav (24 April 2012).
2334:
Cherel, Yves & Duhamel, Guy (2004). "Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in
Kerguelen waters".
1065:
Rosa, Rui; Lopes, Vanessa M.; Guerreiro, Miguel; Bolstad, Kathrin & Xavier, José C. (30 March 2017).
816:
specimen was initially estimated to measure about 10 metres in total length and weigh about 450 kg.
2465:"The giant eyes of giant squid are indeed unexpectedly large, but not if used for spotting sperm whales"
474:
219:
3378:
1604:"Scientists went on a hunt for the elusive colossal squid — and brought cruise ship tourists with them"
1399:
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638:
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466:
62:
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1930:
Remeslo, Alexander; Yukhov, Valentin; Bolstad, Kathrin & Laptikhovsky, Vladimir (1 May 2019).
993:
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2001:
1959:
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401:
92:
2523:
1216:
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb (2010). Family
Cranchiidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper (eds.)
724:, was discovered in 1925. This species belongs to the class Cephalopoda and family Cranchiidae.
3245:
3078:
1979:"Biogeography of Cephalopods in the Southern Ocean Using Habitat Suitability Prediction Models"
3501:
3467:
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2196:
1747:
1702:
1577:
1377:
1160:
782:
750:
235:
196:
2217:
Rosa, Rui & Seibel, Brad A. (2010). "Slow pace of life of the
Antarctic colossal squid".
3506:
3310:
3271:
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2616:
2535:
2494:
2484:
2427:
2351:
2308:
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2186:
2178:
2136:
2086:
2043:
1993:
1951:
1692:
1629:"Studying the World's Largest Invertebrate - the Colossal Squid, Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni"
1444:
1367:
1150:
1140:
1093:
988:
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802:
572:, using its large eyes primarily for prey-detection rather than engaging in active hunting.
1346:
Nilsson, Dan-Eric; Warrant, Eric J.; Johnsen, Sönke; Hanlon, Roger; Shashar, Nadav (2012).
1320:
898:
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810:
642:
569:
458:
336:
316:
302:
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833:
741:
The species was first discovered in the form of two arm crowns found in the stomach of a
728:
commonly (four times), a fin, mantle, arm or tentacle of a colossal squid was collected.
3392:
3060:
2952:
2845:
2791:
2612:
2480:
2423:
2347:
2304:
2230:
2132:
2082:
2039:
1977:
Xavier, José C.; Raymond, Ben; Jones, Daniel C. & Griffiths, Huw (19 October 2015).
1947:
1484:
1363:
1222:. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 148–178.
1089:
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consumed by these whales. Many other animals also feed on colossal squid, including the
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2464:
2191:
2166:
1303:
1155:
1128:
966:
565:
454:
332:
2709:
2026:: New data from depredation in toothfish fisheries and sperm whale stomach contents".
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3266:
2148:
2055:
1963:
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926:
922:
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442:
82:
77:
3056:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa(Te Papa) Colossal Squid Specimen Information
2970:
2638:
2320:
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2098:
2005:
1773:""Mystery" Glass Squid In Antarctica Could Be First-Ever Colossal Squid Baby Filmed"
1218:
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970:
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near the summer time at surface temperatures of −0.9–0 °C (30.4–32.0 °F).
245:
3428:
3206:
2449:
1129:"Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna"
762:
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324:
159:
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2936:
2312:
2090:
1903:
1514:"The Colossal Squid Exhibition – The Squid Files – How big is the colossal squid?"
507:
Little is known about their behaviour, but it is believed to feed on prey such as
1847:
1697:
1680:
1232:
675:
The colossal squid's eyes glow in the dark via long, rectangular light-producing
3449:
3372:
3318:
3227:
3137:
3061:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa(Te Papa) Colossal Squid Images and Video
2995:
McSweeny, E.S. (1970). "Description of the juvenile form of the Antarctic squid
2280:
943:
848:
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553:
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479:
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386:
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291:
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169:
31:
17:
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2687:
1681:"New methods of undertaking marine science in Antarctica using tourism vessels"
2621:
2596:
2539:
2432:
2407:
2355:
2238:
2140:
2047:
1997:
1955:
1799:"For the First Time Ever, the Colossal Squid Might Have Shown Its Secret Face"
1448:
1372:
1347:
1097:
1067:"Biology and ecology of the world's largest invertebrate, the colossal squid (
770:
694:
Squid have been found to detect the movement of sound waves via organs called
676:
438:
139:
3128:
2489:
1706:
1581:
778:
749:
after E. Hamilton who made the initial discovery, was formally described by
695:
655:
634:
528:
392:
179:
149:
109:
2630:
2508:
2441:
2279:
Remeslo, A. V.; Yakushev, M. R. & Laptikhovsky, V. (10 November 2015).
2200:
2182:
1381:
1293:
1164:
48:
3402:
3180:
2524:"The photophores of the squid family Cranchiidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)"
706:, so they rely largely on visual detection mechanisms to avoid predation.
355:
the footage has been harder to confirm without a DNA analysis, and may be
3357:
3122:
1908:
766:
683:
reside within these photophores and luminesce through chemical reaction.
602:
462:
129:
3441:
3219:
3012:
Rodhouse, P.G.; Clarke, M.R. (1985). "Growth and distribution of young
699:
582:
536:
3454:
3232:
2367:
2365:
1722:"A Baby Colossal Squid Might Have Been Filmed for the First Time Ever"
1145:
938:
659:
540:
523:. A recent study by Remeslo, Yakushev and Laptikhovsky revealed that
276:, the cockatoo or glass squids, with its second largest member being
119:
3099:
2522:
Herring, Peter J.; Dilly, P. N. & Cope, Celia (September 2002).
847:
The beak is considerably smaller than some found in the stomachs of
2219:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
897:
886:
796:
703:
520:
498:
453:, making it primarily an inhabitant of the entire circumantarctic
391:
372:
295:
2071:"Colossal squid vs huge toothfish – clash of the deep-sea titans"
437:
The squid's known range extends thousands of kilometres north of
3297:
1826:"Expedition Launching to Study the Colossal Squid in Antarctica"
1655:"Expedition Launching to Study the Colossal Squid in Antarctica"
851:, suggesting other colossal squid are much larger than this one.
512:
3103:
2281:"Alien vs. Predator: interactions between the colossal squid (
1913:
2937:"Can beak shape help to research the life history of squid?"
2376:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
824:
Thawing and dissection of the specimen took place at the
1872:
Ballance, Alison; Meduna, Veronika (16 September 2014).
679:
located next to the lens on the front of both eyeballs.
2336:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
2171:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2028:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
1936:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
1262:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ
400:
Unlike most squid species, the colossal squid exhibits
885:
Inspection of the specimen with an endoscope revealed
3016:
Robson (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): an Antarctic squid".
2941:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
745:
in the winter of 1924–1925. This species, then named
3066:
Tonmo.com: Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet
339:, and is likely a key prey item of the sperm whale.
3347:
3112:
2597:"Sensory Ecology: Giant Eyes for Giant Predators?"
2408:"A Unique Advantage for Giant Eyes in Giant Squid"
1348:"A Unique Advantage for Giant Eyes in Giant Squid"
564:The colossal squid is thought to have a very slow
2915:"Colossal Squid ~ MarineBio Conservation Society"
2864:"World's biggest squid reveals 'beach ball' eyes"
2747:. Tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved on 30 September 2011.
305:. It is the only recognized member of the genus
2738:Te Papa's Specimen: The Thawing and Examination
2165:Cherel, Yves; Hobson, Keith A (7 August 2005).
1315:
1313:
2571:"Scientists Find that Squid Can Detect Sounds"
1570:"Is it a boy? Te Papa gets new colossal squid"
716:List of colossal squid specimens and sightings
994:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163170A980001.en
457:. Colossal squid are also sighted often near
8:
3082:: Colossal Squid Caught in Antarctic Waters
535:within this species. Studies measuring the
3100:
1824:Mulrennan, Matthew; Collett, Chad (2022).
843:Parts of the specimen have been examined:
244:
71:
47:
38:
3074:: Fishermen haul in world's biggest squid
2960:
2620:
2498:
2488:
2431:
2190:
1696:
1435:, a new genus of oegopsid, Cephalopoda".
1371:
1182:How big is the colossal squid on display?
1154:
1144:
992:
921:The colossal squid has been assessed as "
820:Defrosting and dissection, April–May 2008
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
868: in) wide, with a lens 12 cm (
465:because of its prey and competitor, the
2984:Robson, 1925 (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida).
2840:
2838:
2733:
2731:
2212:
2210:
1874:"Colossal squid to give up its secrets"
1205:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1185:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
954:
911:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
904:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
826:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
345:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
3087:BBC: Super squid surfaces in Antarctic
2759:"NZ's colossal squid to be microwaved"
2595:Partridge, Julian C. (24 April 2012).
2565:
2563:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2160:
2158:
1925:
1923:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1537:
1535:
1508:
1506:
1478:
1476:
1460:
1458:
1437:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
1393:
1391:
1292:Jereb, P. & Roper, C.F.E. (2010).
960:
958:
303:largest squid species in terms of mass
272:) is the largest member of its family
2980:Klumov, S.K. & V.L. Yukhov 1975.
2814:
2812:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2372:Jereb, P & Roper, C.F.E. (2010).
2017:
2015:
1867:
1865:
1568:Tapaleao, Vaimoana (11 August 2014).
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1195:
1193:
1176:
1174:
7:
2819:Ballance, Alison (14 October 2014).
2680:"Very Rare Giant Squid Caught Alive"
1836:(4): 2 – via Marine Institute.
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
3543:IUCN Red List least concern species
1904:"Colossal Squid's big eye revealed"
1633:Experiment - Moving Science Forward
1485:"Super squid surfaces in Antarctic"
1400:"Huge 'monster squid' not fearsome"
980:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2846:"Massive squid may be just a babe"
2710:"NZ fishermen land colossal squid"
1516:. 17 December 2008. Archived from
543:beaks of cephalopods to determine
56:Depiction with an inflated mantle
25:
2792:"Colossal squid comes out of ice"
1300:Food and Agriculture Organization
2870:. Wellington: AFP. 30 April 2008
2790:Black, Richard (28 April 2008).
2554:"The eyes of the colossal squid"
1902:Black, Richard (30 April 2008).
1335:– via Blog.tepapa.govt.nz.
1258:"The eyes of the colossal squid"
1030:World Register of Marine Species
519:, and smaller squid in the deep
96:
2285:) and the Antarctic toothfish (
2069:Sarchet, Penny (11 June 2015).
1830:The Journal of Ocean Technology
1720:Haro, Alexander (30 May 2024).
902:The specimen on display at the
2852:. South Africa. 30 April 2008.
2757:Marks, Kathy (23 March 2007).
1467:The Search for the Giant Squid
1201:The beak of the colossal squid
1:
3578:Cephalopods described in 1925
2962:10.1080/00288330.2009.9626529
2313:10.1080/00222933.2015.1040477
2091:10.1080/00222933.2015.1040477
1748:"Visiting the Kraken at Home"
889:containing thousands of eggs.
290:(not to be confused with the
282:. It is sometimes called the
2986:Antarktika Doklady Komission
1850:. Oceana International. 2023
1698:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000348
1483:Griggs, Kim (2 April 2003).
1398:Bourton, Jody (7 May 2010).
805:characteristically inflated.
720:The colossal squid, species
503:The beak of a colossal squid
396:Size comparison with a human
301:) and is believed to be the
3553:Fauna of the Southern Ocean
486:regions of the open ocean.
3594:
3171:Mesonychoteuthis_hamiltoni
3144:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
3114:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
3094:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
3050:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
3048:Tree of Life web project:
3037:"CephBase: Colossal squid"
3014:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2997:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2982:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2655:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2293:Journal of Natural History
2283:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2024:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
1069:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
1020:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
973:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
808:
747:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
722:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
713:
658:reaching over 4.2 million
591:southern bottlenose whales
449:, and the southern tip of
335:. It is presumed to be an
269:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
229:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
29:
2821:"Colossal Squid Revealed"
2622:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.021
2540:10.1017/S095283690200122X
2433:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.031
2356:10.1016/j.dsr.2003.09.009
2239:10.1017/S0025315409991494
2141:10.1017/s0954102094000349
2048:10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.008
1998:10.1007/s10021-015-9926-1
1956:10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.008
1449:10.1080/00222932508633309
1431:Robson, G.C. (1925). "On
1373:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.031
1302:of the U.N. Vol. 2.
1098:10.1007/s00300-017-2104-5
581:squid make up 77% of the
469:. The region between the
313:small number of specimens
311:and is known from only a
252:
243:
225:
218:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
2490:10.1186/1471-2148-13-187
2469:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1653:ECO (22 November 2022).
1295:Cephalopods of the World
433:Distribution and habitat
30:Not to be confused with
3563:Bioluminescent molluscs
2935:Aldridge, A.E. (2009).
854:The eye is 27 cm (
623:southern sleeper sharks
615:southern elephant seals
2764:The New Zealand Herald
2183:10.1098/rspb.2005.3115
906:
806:
793:Largest known specimen
698:(similar to the human
545:trophic ecology levels
504:
397:
284:Antarctic cranch squid
279:Megalocranchia fisheri
2743:25 April 2008 at the
1327:(blog). 30 April 2008
901:
800:
627:Somniosus antarcticus
502:
478:primarily within the
475:Kerguelen archipelago
395:
357:Galiteuthis glacialis
3568:Cenozoic cephalopods
2771:on 29 September 2007
2684:South Georgia Island
2299:(41–42): 2483–2491.
2287:Dissostichus mawsoni
1543:"The Colossal Squid"
987:: e.T163170A980001.
787:South Georgia Island
710:Taxonomy and history
619:Patagonian toothfish
517:Patagonian toothfish
3558:Fauna of Antarctica
2953:2009NZJMF..43.1061A
2823:. Radio New Zealand
2613:2012CBio...22.R268P
2556:. 29 December 2016.
2481:2013BMCEE..13..187N
2424:2012CBio...22..683N
2348:2004DSRI...51...17C
2305:2015JNatH..49.2483R
2231:2010JMBUK..90.1375R
2177:(1572): 1601–1607.
2133:1994AntSc...6..223L
2083:2015JNatH..49.2483R
2040:2019DSRI..147..121R
1948:2019DSRI..147..121R
1876:. Radio New Zealand
1520:on 17 December 2008
1364:2012CBio...22..683N
1321:"Hooks and suckers"
1090:2017PoBio..40.1871R
1022:G. C. Robson, 1925"
917:Conservation status
769:, off the coast of
732:Notable discoveries
631:Antarctic toothfish
525:Antarctic toothfish
467:Antarctic toothfish
63:Conservation status
3072:New Zealand Herald
3043:on 17 August 2005.
2868:www.terradaily.com
2716:. 22 February 2007
2528:Journal of Zoology
1574:New Zealand Herald
1549:. 21 December 2015
1470:. The Lyons Press.
1264:. 29 December 2016
1127:Andrew D. (2015).
1071:): a short review"
907:
807:
681:Symbiotic bacteria
505:
398:
3573:Pliocene molluscs
3530:
3529:
3502:Open Tree of Life
3306:Open Tree of Life
3106:Taxon identifiers
2383:978-92-5-106720-8
2262:Discovery Reports
2121:Antarctic Science
1803:Popular Mechanics
1746:Magazine, Hakai.
1146:10.7717/peerj.715
751:Guy Coburn Robson
643:sooty albatrosses
402:abyssal gigantism
260:
259:
211:M. hamiltoni
200:
86:
16:(Redirected from
3585:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3406:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3393:Mesonychoteuthis
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:Mesonychoteuthis
3368:
3367:
3366:
3349:Mesonychoteuthis
3340:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3158:Mesonychoteuthis
3148:
3147:
3146:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3101:
3044:
3039:. Archived from
3025:
3008:
2979:
2974:
2964:
2947:(5): 1061–1067.
2923:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2890:"Colossal Squid"
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2767:. Archived from
2754:
2748:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2686:. Archived from
2676:
2665:
2664:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2624:
2607:(8): R268–R270.
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2435:
2403:
2388:
2387:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2225:(7): 1375–1378.
2214:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1848:"Colassal squid"
1844:
1838:
1837:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1608:Business Insider
1602:McGrath, Jenny.
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1480:
1471:
1464:Ellis, R. 1998.
1462:
1453:
1452:
1433:Mesonychoteuthis
1428:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1306:. pp. 6–10.
1289:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1233:"Colossal Squid"
1229:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1123:
1110:
1109:
1084:(9): 1871–1883.
1075:
1062:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
962:
881:
880:
876:
873:
867:
866:
862:
859:
838:Tsunemi Kubodera
757:Entire specimens
473:and the western
417:
416:
412:
409:
308:Mesonychoteuthis
253:Global range of
248:
231:
195:
191:Mesonychoteuthis
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
51:
39:
27:Species of squid
21:
18:Mesonychoteuthis
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3466:
3461:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3401:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3108:
3035:
3032:
3024:(3–4): 223–230.
3011:
2994:
2977:
2934:
2931:
2929:Further reading
2926:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2745:Wayback Machine
2736:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2601:Current Biology
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2412:Current Biology
2405:
2404:
2391:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2021:
2020:
2013:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1691:(2): e0000348.
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1463:
1456:
1443:(16): 272–277.
1430:
1429:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1352:Current Biology
1345:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1291:
1290:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1198:
1191:
1179:
1172:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
964:
963:
956:
952:
935:
919:
896:
878:
874:
871:
869:
864:
860:
857:
855:
822:
813:
811:Cephalopod size
795:
765:trawler in the
759:
739:
737:First specimens
734:
718:
712:
692:
669:
651:
578:
570:ambush predator
562:
539:content of the
497:
492:
459:Cooperation Sea
435:
414:
410:
407:
405:
369:
337:ambush predator
239:
233:
227:
214:
194:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
42:Colossal squid
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3472:
3459:
3446:
3433:
3420:
3407:
3397:
3384:
3369:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3134:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3031:
3030:External links
3028:
3027:
3026:
3009:
2992:
2975:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2921:. 18 May 2017.
2906:
2881:
2855:
2834:
2808:
2782:
2749:
2727:
2701:
2690:on 5 June 2010
2666:
2644:
2587:
2559:
2545:
2514:
2455:
2418:(8): 683–688.
2389:
2382:
2361:
2326:
2271:
2252:
2206:
2154:
2127:(2): 223–229.
2111:
2061:
2011:
1992:(2): 220–247.
1969:
1919:
1887:
1861:
1839:
1816:
1790:
1764:
1752:Hakai Magazine
1738:
1712:
1671:
1645:
1620:
1594:
1560:
1531:
1502:
1472:
1454:
1416:
1387:
1358:(8): 683–688.
1338:
1309:
1304:United Nations
1275:
1249:
1224:
1209:
1189:
1170:
1111:
1042:
1007:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
941:
934:
931:
918:
915:
895:
892:
891:
890:
883:
852:
821:
818:
794:
791:
763:Soviet Russian
758:
755:
738:
735:
733:
730:
714:Main article:
711:
708:
691:
688:
668:
665:
650:
647:
599:Baird's beaked
577:
574:
566:metabolic rate
561:
558:
554:sleeper sharks
496:
493:
491:
488:
461:and less near
455:Southern Ocean
434:
431:
368:
365:
333:Southern Ocean
264:colossal squid
258:
257:
250:
249:
241:
240:
234:
223:
222:
216:
215:
208:
206:
202:
201:
187:
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52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3590:
3579:
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3569:
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3564:
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3508:
3503:
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3495:
3490:
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3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
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3430:
3425:
3421:
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3412:
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3404:
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3255:
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3212:
3208:
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3130:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
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3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2987:
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2976:
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2950:
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2916:
2910:
2907:
2895:
2891:
2885:
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2835:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2797:
2793:
2786:
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2770:
2766:
2765:
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2728:
2715:
2711:
2705:
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2689:
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1078:Polar Biology
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961:
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927:IUCN Red List
924:
923:least concern
916:
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893:
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884:
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664:
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648:
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636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:killer whales
608:
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588:
587:beaked whales
584:
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559:
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443:South America
440:
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418:–7 oz).
403:
394:
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371:The colossal
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84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3348:
3113:
3093:
3079:
3071:
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3041:the original
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2978:(in Russian)
2944:
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2893:
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2867:
2858:
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2799:. Retrieved
2795:
2785:
2775:25 September
2773:. Retrieved
2769:the original
2762:
2752:
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2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2688:the original
2683:
2660:
2654:
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2604:
2600:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2574:
2548:
2534:(1): 73–90.
2531:
2527:
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2102:. Retrieved
2074:
2064:
2031:
2027:
2023:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1939:
1935:
1907:
1878:. Retrieved
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1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1802:
1793:
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1741:
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1715:
1688:
1685:PLOS Climate
1684:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1659:ECO Magazine
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1573:
1563:
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1546:
1522:. Retrieved
1518:the original
1493:. Retrieved
1491:. Wellington
1488:
1465:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1331:30 September
1329:. Retrieved
1324:
1294:
1268:15 September
1266:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
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1227:
1217:
1212:
1136:
1132:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1035:15 September
1033:. Retrieved
1026:MolluscaBase
1025:
1019:
1010:
1000:15 September
998:. Retrieved
984:
978:
972:
920:
908:
849:sperm whales
842:
834:Steve O'Shea
823:
814:
775:M. hamiltoni
774:
760:
746:
740:
726:
721:
719:
693:
685:
674:
670:
652:
649:Reproduction
626:
579:
563:
550:sperm whales
515:such as the
509:chaetognatha
506:
484:bathypelagic
447:South Africa
441:to southern
436:
428:
420:
399:
370:
361:
356:
349:
341:
329:
325:invertebrate
307:
306:
299:Architeuthis
298:
287:
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277:
268:
267:
263:
261:
255:M. hamiltoni
254:
228:
226:
210:
209:
190:
189:
160:Cranchioidea
36:
3450:iNaturalist
3373:Wikispecies
3319:SeaLifeBase
3228:iNaturalist
3138:Wikispecies
3092:MarineBio:
3001:Malacologia
2991:: 159–189.
2034:: 121–127.
1942:: 121–127.
1726:The Inertia
1242:12 February
967:Allcock, L.
944:Giant squid
761:In 1981, a
743:sperm whale
677:photophores
637:(e.g., the
635:albatrosses
607:pilot whale
533:cannibalism
480:mesopelagic
471:Weddell Sea
451:New Zealand
445:, southern
423:giant squid
387:Cranchiidae
353:marine snow
321:sperm whale
292:giant squid
288:giant squid
274:Cranchiidae
176:Subfamily:
170:Cranchiidae
140:Cephalopoda
32:Giant squid
3537:Categories
3018:Vie Milieu
3007:: 323–332.
2919:Marine Bio
2475:(1): 187.
1986:Ecosystems
1777:IFLScience
950:References
894:Exhibition
832:biologist
809:See also:
771:Antarctica
696:statocysts
589:, such as
560:Metabolism
439:Antarctica
383:its family
378:morphology
367:Morphology
3548:Taoniinae
3080:USA Today
2999:Robson".
2149:130139281
2056:146043830
1964:146043830
1854:12 August
1707:2767-3200
1582:1170-0777
925:" on the
779:toothfish
753:in 1925.
656:fecundity
639:wandering
613:, larger
603:cetaceans
576:Predation
541:chitinous
529:Prydz Bay
319:found in
205:Species:
180:Taoniinae
150:Oegopsida
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
3400:BioLib:
3364:Q2345488
3358:Wikidata
3246:10213183
3178:BioLib:
3123:Wikidata
2971:85883651
2899:10 March
2874:2 August
2850:The Star
2827:2 August
2801:2 August
2796:BBC News
2741:Archived
2720:2 August
2714:BBC News
2694:2 August
2639:16685449
2631:22537628
2580:10 April
2509:24010674
2442:22425154
2321:82152308
2268:: 1–324.
2247:85063782
2201:16048776
2104:2 August
2099:82152308
2006:14435325
1909:BBC News
1880:2 August
1587:2 August
1495:2 August
1489:BBC News
1409:2 August
1404:BBC News
1382:22425154
1199:(2019).
1180:(2019).
1165:25649000
1139:: e715.
1106:15480545
969:(2014).
933:See also
783:longline
767:Ross Sea
595:Cuvier's
511:, large
490:Behavior
463:Ross Sea
166:Family:
130:Mollusca
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
3468:1000100
3442:2289990
3220:2289991
3129:Q378330
2949:Bibcode
2609:Bibcode
2500:3854791
2477:Bibcode
2450:6119783
2420:Bibcode
2344:Bibcode
2301:Bibcode
2227:Bibcode
2192:1559839
2129:Bibcode
2079:Bibcode
2036:Bibcode
1944:Bibcode
1547:Te Papa
1524:9 March
1360:Bibcode
1325:Te Papa
1156:4304853
1086:Bibcode
887:ovaries
877:⁄
863:⁄
781:from a
700:cochlea
690:Hearing
660:oocytes
583:biomass
495:Feeding
413:⁄
186:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
3520:325298
3507:942392
3494:559556
3481:555783
3455:432778
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3298:325299
3285:559557
3272:163170
3259:556403
3233:432480
3194:156838
3181:134706
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1638:5 June
1613:5 June
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1553:14 May
1380:
1237:Oceana
1163:
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1104:
939:Kraken
803:mantle
667:Vision
633:, and
238:, 1925
236:Robson
199:, 1925
197:Robson
3515:WoRMS
3463:IRMNG
3429:7P8RH
3332:WoRMS
3324:57683
3241:IRMNG
3207:424TW
2967:S2CID
2635:S2CID
2446:S2CID
2317:S2CID
2243:S2CID
2145:S2CID
2095:S2CID
2052:S2CID
2002:S2CID
1982:(PDF)
1960:S2CID
1133:PeerJ
1102:S2CID
1074:(PDF)
704:sonar
521:ocean
373:squid
317:beaks
296:genus
3489:NCBI
3476:ITIS
3437:GBIF
3411:BOLD
3293:OBIS
3280:NCBI
3267:IUCN
3254:ITIS
3215:GBIF
3189:BOLD
2901:2020
2876:2015
2829:2015
2803:2015
2777:2011
2722:2015
2696:2015
2661:ITIS
2627:PMID
2582:2022
2505:PMID
2438:PMID
2378:ISBN
2197:PMID
2106:2015
1882:2015
1856:2023
1811:2024
1785:2024
1759:2024
1733:2024
1703:ISSN
1666:2024
1640:2024
1615:2024
1589:2015
1578:ISSN
1555:2019
1526:2020
1497:2015
1411:2015
1378:PMID
1333:2011
1270:2022
1244:2024
1161:PMID
1037:2022
1002:2022
985:2014
909:The
785:off
641:and
597:and
552:and
537:δ15N
513:fish
482:and
421:The
262:The
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3388:AFD
3202:CoL
3166:AFD
3153:ADW
2957:doi
2617:doi
2536:doi
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2309:doi
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2032:147
1994:doi
1952:doi
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1914:BBC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
