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222:(~4.3 L/100 km). This engine also outputs around 140 hp (104 kW) and a little over 221 ftâ‹…lbf (300 Nâ‹…m) of torque at around 1,600 rpm. The Bionic can go from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in about eight seconds and has a top speed of a little over 190 km/h (118 mph).
435:
The boxfish does not lament the absence of a course correction mechanism, as its instability is one of its greatest assets on the reef, permitting it to swiftly whirl wherever it pleases, which, much to my aggravation, always seems to be as far away from me as possible. The boxfish carapace may still
248:
claimed that "The drag-reduction performance of the two boxfish species studied was relatively low compared with more generalized body shapes of fish". Other parts of the design include the fact that the rear wheels are partially fitted with plastic and that it's considered as a lightweight vehicle.
465:
Firstly, despite serving as a model system in aerodynamic design, drag-reduction performance was relatively low compared with more generalized fish morphologies. Secondly, the current theory of course stabilization owing to flow over the boxfish carapace was rejected, as destabilizing moments were
405:
Engineers believe that the boxfish provides the secret to producing a safer, more fuel-efficient, yet lightweight, vehicle. "Quite frankly," says research and development chief Dr. Thomas Weber, "we were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish, of all things, became our model for designing an
261:, at 0.195. While the Bionic had a much larger internal volume than the EV1, the Bionic's larger frontal area made the EV1 more aerodynamic overall, as drag is a product of the area and the drag coefficient.
466:
found consistently. This solves the boxfish swimming paradox: destabilizing moments enhance manoeuvrability, which is in accordance with the ecological demands for efficient turning and tilting.
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find utility in bionics, but based on what we now know about its instability, perhaps a better place to start would be with spinning, vomit-soaked amusement park rides.
515:
Unique research project by biologists and engineers. Vehicle study with the streamlined contours of the boxfish. Outstanding aerodynamics with a Cd value of 0.19.
244:; this influenced the car's unusual looks. It was believed that the shape of the boxfish would improve aerodynamics and stability. However, in 2015, a paper in
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236:), a marine fish that lives in coral reefs. Mercedes-Benz decided to model the Bionic after this fish due to the supposed low
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450:"Boxfish swimming paradox resolved: forces by the flow of water around the body promote manoeuvrability"
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420:"A Real Drag. Mercedes-Benz modeled a car on the boxfish. Only it completely misunderstood the boxfish"
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388:. Vol. 90, no. 7. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York. July 2009. p. 10.
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Kozlov, Andrei; Chowdhury, Harun; Mustary, Israt; Loganathan, Bavin; Alam, Firoz (2015).
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Group. It was first introduced in 2005 at the
DaimlerChrysler Innovation Symposium in
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1.9-liter four-cylinder direct-injection turbodiesel. 138 hp (103 kW)
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of 0.19; for comparison, the production vehicle with the lowest ever C
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The exterior design was modeled after the yellow boxfish (
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The Bionic is powered by a 103 kW direct-injection
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Comparison to a streamlined half-body with Cd of 0.12.
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495:"The Mercedes-Benz Bionic Car as a Concept Vehicle"
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264:The vehicle was capable of seating four people.
342:"Bio-Inspired Design: Aerodynamics of Boxfish"
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240:of its body shape and the rigidity of its
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316:"2005 Mercedes Bionic: Concept We Forgot"
309:
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454:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
246:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
186:The Bionic is modeled after a type of
218:with an average fuel economy of 54.7
7:
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1142:ESF 2009 Experimental Safety Vehicle
406:aerodynamic and fuel-efficient car."
282:""Bionic" Car Fueled by Fishy Ideas"
501:. Daimler AG. 2008. Archived from
314:Padeanu, Adrian (2 January 2019).
14:
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418:Jake, Buehler (11 March 2015).
1271:Mercedes-Benz concept vehicles
382:"The Energy-Efficient Boxfish"
288:. 15 June 2005. Archived from
1:
204:selective catalytic reduction
135:2,425 lb (1,100 kg)
359:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.007
125:62.8 in (1,595 mm)
117:71.5 in (1,816 mm)
478:Mercedes' fish-inspired car
109:167 in (4,242 mm)
101:101 in (2,565 mm)
1297:
480:CNN (retrieved 2008-08-12)
1230:
1217:Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6
853:
249:Mercedes-Benz reported a
198:, and also has 80% lower
26:
1276:Cars introduced in 2005
920:CLK GTR StraĂźenversion
210:Engine and performance
163:
146:
925:CLK LM StraĂźenversion
691:Roadsters/sports cars
152:
144:
346:Procedia Engineering
168:Mercedes-Benz Bionic
22:Mercedes-Benz Bionic
606:AMG GT 4-Door Coupé
286:National Geographic
238:coefficient of drag
202:emissions with its
1192:Vario Research Car
1132:ConceptFASCINATION
292:on 19 October 2013
176:DaimlerChrysler AG
164:
147:
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905:C-Class/CLC-Class
851:
850:
794:Buses and coaches
748:Commercial trucks
233:Ostracion cubicus
196:Ostracion cubicus
184:Washington, D. C.
160:Ostracion cubicus
139:
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1187:Silver Lightning
1167:F200 Imagination
1076:W125 Rekordwagen
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806:Sprinter Minibus
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251:drag coefficient
131:Curb weight
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843:List of models
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505:on 4 June 2008
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488:External links
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16:Motor vehicle
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878:Discontinued
514:
507:. Retrieved
503:the original
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427:. Retrieved
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397:. Retrieved
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323:. Retrieved
319:
294:. Retrieved
290:the original
285:
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263:
231:
229:
213:
206:technology.
195:
167:
165:
159:
86:transmission
78:Transmission
41:Manufacturer
1222:Concept EQG
1202:Vision EQXX
1182:Ocean Drive
1049:Racing cars
975:SLR McLaren
836:Mercedes-EQ
734:Citan/T/EQT
569:Automobiles
499:daimler.com
352:: 323–328.
242:exoskeleton
174:created by
172:concept car
82:Autotronic
55:Concept car
1265:Categories
1207:Vision SLA
1197:Vision CLS
729:Vito/V/EQV
399:22 January
325:22 January
320:Motor1.com
296:18 October
268:References
178:under the
91:Dimensions
62:Powertrain
51:Production
394:0005-237X
368:1877-7058
97:Wheelbase
1240:Category
1212:ESF 2019
1117:BlueZERO
1105:Concepts
885:10/30 PS
865:Upcoming
811:Tourismo
739:Sprinter
555:vehicles
459:22 April
429:22 April
220:MPG (US)
180:Mercedes
36:Overview
1281:Bionics
1250:Commons
1056:300 SLR
995:Travego
980:SLS AMG
970:SLK/SLC
960:Simplex
955:R-Class
950:M-Class
713:AMG ONE
682:EQS SUV
677:EQE SUV
562:Current
1147:F-Cell
1112:Bionic
820:Trucks
801:Citaro
785:Zetros
780:Unimog
775:Econic
770:Actros
708:AMG GT
703:AMG SL
509:16 May
392:
386:Awake!
366:
259:GM EV1
226:Design
190:, the
122:Height
106:Length
68:Engine
57:(2005)
1005:Vario
1000:Vaneo
895:190SL
765:Atego
760:Arocs
755:Antos
424:Slate
170:is a
114:Width
1177:F800
1172:F700
1162:F125
1157:F100
1127:C112
1122:C111
1096:W196
1091:W194
1086:W165
1081:W154
1071:W125
1035:W201
1030:W124
1025:W123
1020:W120
1015:W114
1010:W110
935:Cito
900:Axor
890:170S
722:Vans
511:2023
461:2020
431:2020
401:2019
390:ISSN
364:ISSN
327:2019
298:2013
188:fish
166:The
154:The
1066:W25
1061:T80
965:SSK
945:GLK
930:CLS
915:CLK
698:CLE
672:EQC
667:EQB
662:EQA
652:GLS
647:GLE
642:GLC
637:GLB
632:GLA
616:EQS
611:EQE
591:CLA
354:doi
350:105
84:CVT
1267::
1137:EQ
990:T2
985:T1
940:GL
910:CL
513:.
497:.
463:.
452:.
433:.
422:.
403:.
384:.
362:.
348:.
344:.
318:.
306:^
284:.
194:,
158:,
1040:X
657:G
601:S
596:E
586:C
581:B
576:A
544:e
537:t
530:v
370:.
356::
329:.
300:.
255:d
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
