163:
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180:
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189:
416:
763:, 474 pages of translations between English and French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Yiddish. A CD-ROM version of the complete text, with thousands of additional new words and definitions from the "addenda", was published by Merriam-Webster in 2000, and is often packaged with the print edition. The third edition was published in 2000 on Merriam-Webster's website as a
801:
1261:, but it appears much larger and has the appeal of many pictures and other features, such as a usage panel of language professionals which is polled for the acceptability of certain word usage, and a discussion for some entries of subtle differences among words with similar meaning. Other medium-sized dictionaries have since entered the market, including the
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volumes containing 70,000 entries, as against the 58,000 of any previous dictionary. There were 2,500 copies printed, at $ 20 (adjusted for 2023 inflation: $ 647.73) for the two volumes. At first the set sold poorly. When he lowered the price to $ 15 (adjusted for 2023 inflation: $ 485.80), its sales
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in 1884. The 1883 printing of the book contained 1,928 pages and was 8½ in (22 cm) wide by 11½ in (29 cm) tall by 4¼ in (11 cm) thick. The 1888 printing (revision?) is similarly sized, with the last printed page number "1935" which has on its back further content (hence, 1936th page),
330:
Webster's dictionaries were a redefinition of
Americanism within the context of an emergent and unstable American socio-political and cultural identity. Webster's identification of his project as a "federal language" shows his competing impulses towards regularity and innovation in historical terms.
673:
The numerous picture plates added to the book's appeal and usefulness, particularly when pertaining to things found in nature. Conversely, the plate showing the coins of the world's important nations quickly proved to be ephemeral. Numerous gold coins from various important countries were included,
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with the first "Release" of 4,800 new and revised entries added to the site. There were two further "Releases" in 2014. The revised website is not branded as the "Fourth edition" and it is unlikely that a print version will ever be produced, because demand is declining and its increased size would
271:
used as a tool for her poetic composition. However, a $ 15 (adjusted for inflation: $ 512.78) price tag on the book made it too expensive to sell easily, so the
Amherst firm decided to sell out. Merriam acquired rights from Adams, as well as signing a contract with Webster's heirs for sole rights.
1239:
responded by adapting its college dictionary by adding more illustrations and large numbers of proper names, increasing its print size and page thickness, and giving it a heavy cover. In 1966, it was published as a new "unabridged" dictionary. It was expanded in 1987, but it still covered no more
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has been rampant. Merriam-Webster goes to great pains to remind dictionary buyers that it alone is the heir to Noah
Webster. Although Merriam-Webster revisers find solid ground in Noah Webster's concept of the English language as an ever-changing tapestry, the issue is more complicated than that.
318:
Austin (2005) explores the intersection of lexicographical and poetic practices in
American literature, and attempts to map out a "lexical poetics" using Webster's dictionaries. He shows the ways in which American poetry has inherited Webster and drawn upon his lexicography to reinvent it. Austin
241:
In 1841, 82-year-old Noah
Webster published a second edition of his lexicographical masterpiece with the help of his son, William G. Webster. Its title page does not claim the status of second edition, merely noting that this new edition was the "first edition in octavo" in contrast to the quarto
351:
in 1829, with the same number of words and
Webster's full definitions, but with truncated literary references and expanded etymology. Although it was more successful financially than the original 1828 edition and was reprinted many times, Noah Webster was critical of it. Worcester and Goodrich's
246:
contained "the whole vocabulary of the quarto, with corrections, improvements and several thousand additional words: to which is prefixed an introductory dissertation on the origin, history and connection of the languages of western Asia and Europe, with an explanation of the principles on which
733:
The dictionary was met with considerable criticism for its descriptive (rather than prescriptive) approach. The dictionary's treatment of "ain't" was subject to particular scorn, since it seemed to overrule the near-unanimous denunciation of that word by
English teachers.
130:(2008), John Algeo notes: "it is often assumed that characteristically American spellings were invented by Noah Webster. He was very influential in popularizing certain spellings in America, but he did not originate them. Rather he chose already existing options such as
519:(1879–1928) says Webster's unabridged edition of 1864 "acquired an international fame. It was held to be superior to every other dictionary and taken as the leading authority on the meaning of words, not only in America and England, but also throughout the Far East."
845:. The most notable change was the inclusion of the date of the first known citation of each word, to document its entry into the English language. The eleventh edition (published in 2003) includes more than 225,000 definitions, and more than 165,000 entries. A
697:., 561 F.2d 75 (7th Cir. 1977) – a trademark dispute in which the terms "lite" and "light" were held to be generic for light beer and therefore available for use by anyone – the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, after considering a definition from
612:, comparisons of subtle shades of meaning. Also added was a twenty-page chart comparing the Webster's pronunciations with those offered by six other major dictionaries. This edition was reprinted in 1913. Being in the public domain and having been scanned and
315:'s life and work; she once commented that the "Lexicon" was her "only companion" for years. One biographer said, "The dictionary was no mere reference book to her; she read it as a priest his breviary – over and over, page by page, with utter absorption.";
327:(1828) dictionaries and brings into its discourse a range of concerns including the politics of American English, the question of national identity and culture in the early moments of American independence, and the poetics of citation and of definition.
754:
in 1966, included in the front matter, which was expanded in 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1993, and 2002. However, the rate of additions was much slower than it had been throughout the previous hundred years. Following the purchase of
Merriam-Webster by
496:, who replaced unsupportable etymologies which were based on Webster's attempt to conform to Biblical interpretations of the history of language. It was the first edition to largely overhaul Noah Webster's work, and the first to be known as the
352:
abridgment of Noah
Webster's dictionary was published in 1841 by White and Sheffield, printed by E. Sanderson in Elizabethtown, N.J. and again in 1844 by publishers Harper and Brothers of New York City, in 1844, with added words as an appendix.
605:
at the bottom of each page: six columns of very fine print, devoted to such items as rarely used, obsolete, and foreign words, abbreviations, and variant spellings. Notable improvement was made in the treatment and number of
2019:
1538:
1098:
brought accusations of plagiarism from
Webster. The rivalry was carried on by Merriam after Webster's death, in what is often referred to as the "Dictionary Wars". After Worcester's death in 1865, revision of his
662:"from earliest times to the present". The editors claimed more than 600,000 entries, more than any other dictionary at that time, but that number included many proper names and newly added lists of undefined "
1783:
1160:, and remained a major competitor for many years. However, Funk & Wagnalls never revised the work, reprinting it virtually unchanged for more than 50 years, while Merriam published two major revisions.
228:
improved, and by 1836 that edition was exhausted. Not all copies were bound at the same time; the book also appeared in publisher's boards; other original bindings of a later date are not unknown.
3233:
1016:
continues as a powerful and lucrative marketing tool. In recent years, even established dictionaries with no direct link to Noah Webster whatsoever have adopted his name, adding to the confusion.
841:
adopted changes which distinguish it as a separate entity rather than merely an abridgment of the "Third New International." Some proper names were returned to the word list, including names of
383:
edition in 1859, which added a section of illustrations indexed to the text. His revisions remained close to Webster's work, but removed what later editors referred to as his "excrescences".
90:(1758–1843), the author of the readers and spelling books which dominated the American market at the time, spent decades of research in compiling his dictionaries. His first dictionary,
3031:
1253:
331:
Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project represented a part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.
674:
including American eagles, at a time when it had recently become illegal for Americans to own them, and when most other countries had withdrawn gold from active circulation as well.
2011:
1001:, were closer to Webster's work than contemporary Merriam-Webster editions. Further revisions by Merriam-Webster came to have little in common with their original source, while the
3100:
2988:
1872:, 15th edition, New York and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003, Chapter 7: "Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds", Section 7.1 "Introduction", p. 278
300:
Lepore (2008) demonstrates Webster's innovative ideas about language and politics and shows why Webster's endeavors were at first so poorly received. Culturally conservative
1058:
3226:
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393:
The Imperial Dictionary, English, Technological, and Scientific, Adapted to the Present State of Literature, Science, and Art; On the Basis of Webster's English Dictionary
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666:". Multiple definitions of words are listed in chronological order, with the oldest, and often obsolete, usages listed first. For example, the first definition of
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Noah's Ark New England Yankees and the Endless Quest: a Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, With Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years
503:
Later printings included additional material: a "Supplement Of Additional Words And Definitions" containing more than 4,600 new words and definitions in 1879,
391:
In 1850, Blackie and Son in Glasgow published the first general dictionary of English that made heavy use of pictorial illustrations integrated with the text,
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1756:
3219:
3205:
759:
in 1964, a three-volume version was issued for many years as a supplement to the encyclopedia. At the end of volume three, this edition included the
1224:) which traced its roots to Noah Webster and called itself "unabridged", but had less than half the vocabulary and paled in scholarship against the
433:
118:, etc.) and included technical terms from the arts and sciences rather than confining his dictionary to literary words. Webster was a proponent of
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began with a 1988 memo from Merriam-Webster president William Llewellyn but was repeatedly deferred in favor of updates to the more lucrative
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denounced the work as radical – too inclusive in its lexicon and even bordering on vulgar. Meanwhile, Webster's old foes, the
1816:
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395:. Editor John Ogilve used Webster's 1841 edition as a base, adding many new, specialized, and British words, increasing the vocabulary from
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1980:
1928:
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and closes with "Whole number of pages 2012". This dictionary carries the 1864 Preface by Noah Porter with postscripts of 1879 and 1884.
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3192:
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654:. It contained 3,350 pages and sold for $ 39.50 (adjusted for inflation: $ 755.77). Some versions added a 400-page supplement called
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1958:
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1471:
701:, wrote that "he comparable definition in the previous, and for many the classic, edition of the same dictionary is as follows:..."
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119:
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1257:. In 1969, it issued a college-sized dictionary. Now in its fifth edition, it is only slightly greater in vocabulary than the
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2935:
2855:
2309:
Offline versions in Apple Mac Dictionary, SWORD module, StarDict, Rakuten Kobo, and Amazon Kindle formats are available from
1263:
437:
363:
Upon Webster's death in 1843, the unsold books and all rights to the copyright and name "Webster" were purchased by brothers
1193:
to its dictionary and in 1989 integrated the new words in the supplements with the older definitions and etymologies in its
1012:
that the name no longer has any specific brand meaning. Despite this, many people still recognize and trust the name. Thus,
1838:
1453:
597:. Vastly expanded, it covered more than 400,000 entries, and double the number of illustrations. A new format feature, the
3262:
2786:
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1898:
940:. Some of these were unauthorized reprints of Noah Webster's work; some were revisions of his work. One such revision was
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162:
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2463:(editor Noah Porter, Springfield, MA: C. & G. Merriam Co., 1913), from which copyright has lapsed and is now in the
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dictionary was prepared by Noah Webster in 1833 and later revised by William G. Webster and William A. Wheeler.
628:
197:
Extract from the Orthography section of the first edition, which popularized the American standard spellings of
3114:
2895:
2863:
1091:
340:
94:, appeared in 1806. In it, he popularized features which would become a hallmark of American English spelling (
33:
750:
has reprinted the main text of the dictionary with only minor corrections. To add new words, they created an
608:
58:, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor. "
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63:
1701:
1586:
Deppman, Jed (2002). "'I Could Not Have Defined the Change': Rereading Dickinson's Definition Poetry".
1574:
Websterisms: A Collection of Words and Definitions Set Forth by the Founding Father of American English
663:
594:
3148:
2483:
2302:
Plain-text versions are also available from the Internet Archive (with some errors, due to automatic
651:
368:
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2839:
1625:
Nathan W. Austin, "Lost in the Maze of Words: Reading and Re-reading Noah Webster's Dictionaries",
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179:
139:
1741:"Ain't That the Truth: Webster's Third: The Most Controversial Dictionary in the English Language"
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1806:
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1988:
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The Story of Ain't: America, Its Language, and the Most Controversial Dictionary Ever Published
1920:
1251:, failed in an attempt to buy out Merriam-Webster and determined to create its own dictionary,
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Scholars have long seen Webster's 1844 dictionary to be an important resource for reading poet
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format of the first edition of 1828. Again in two volumes, the title page proclaimed that the
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1950:
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Primary School, Elementary School, Secondary School, High School, Common School, Academic
267:. This firm bound and published a small number of copies in 1844 – the same edition that
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2608:
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first published from 1889 to 1891, covered a larger vocabulary until the publication of
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in the United States for English dictionaries, and is widely used in dictionary titles.
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2582:
2074:
1354:
The American Way of Spelling: The Structure and Origins of American English Orthography
488:
and published in 1864, containing 114,000 entries. It was sometimes referred to as the
364:
281:
800:
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Advertisement for the New International Dictionary from the October 8, 1910, issue of
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1607:
1531:""G&C Merriam: Where the words of Noah Webster lived and thrived" Wayne Phaneuf,
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627:"Webster's Second" redirects here. For Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne", see
493:
154:
are the most common. He spent the next two decades working to expand his dictionary.
73:
55:
2720:
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2517:
2378:
1724:
The Story of Webster's Third: Philip Gove's Controversial Dictionary and its Critics
1456:
The Story of Webster's Third: Philip Gove's Controversial Dictionary and Its Critics
858:, which is followed by many book publishers and magazines in the United States. The
818:
in 1898 and the series is now in its eleventh edition. Following the publication of
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2310:
1273:, while Merriam-Webster has not attempted to compete by issuing a similar edition.
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372:
87:
51:
47:
2736:
2661:
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2617:
2444:
2419:
1563:, second edition (Springfield, Massachusetts: George & Charles Merriam, 1845).
1074:. This site compiles different online dictionaries and encyclopedia including the
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2726:
2716:
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After about a decade of preparation, G. & C. Merriam issued the entirely new
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720:
Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged
485:
415:
224:
143:
2621:
1894:
1177:
in scholarship, though not in the marketplace due to its much larger size. The
869:
editions G. & C. Merriam Co. also produced abridged editions for students (
259:
When Webster died, in 1843, his heirs sold unbound sheets of his 1841 revision
3177:
1079:
852:
This dictionary is preferred as a source "for general matters of spelling" by
678:
659:
344:
2072:(November 6, 2006). "Noah's Mark: Webster and the original dictionary wars".
1951:"Fascinating facts about Philip Parker inventor of the W-O-D Project in 1999"
2415:, edited by Noah Porter and W. T. Harris, 1890 edition plus 1900 supplement
1116:, published in 1883 by the Century Company, was more comprehensive than the
1096:
Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language
1025:
978:
123:
1200:
Between the 1930s and the 1950s, several college dictionaries, notably the
961:
Following legal action by Merriam, successive US courts ruled by 1908 that
638:
was revised and expanded for a second edition, which is popularly known as
2755:
1685:
Caught in the Web of Words: James Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary
1599:
1289:
27:
Dictionary developed by Noah Webster and other dictionaries using his name
1647:
670:
includes dying of exposure to the elements as well as from lack of food.
72:
is the corporate heir to Noah Webster's original works, which are in the
2511:
977:
entered the public domain in 1834 when Noah Webster's 1806 dictionary's
889:
Below is a list of years of publication of the Collegiate dictionaries.
3182:
1030:
1005:, for example, was minimally revised and remained largely out of date.
778:. Work on a full revision finally began in 2009. In January 2013, the
440: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2520:(Online Plain Text English Dictionary), plain text, divided by letters
2497:
2325:(published 1844) on the Emily Dickinson site. The last edition of the
1520:, second edition (Amherst, Massachusetts: J. S. & C. Adams, 1844).
507:
containing more than 9,700 names of noteworthy persons in 1879, and a
2505:
2501:
2491:
2487:
846:
468:
In response to Joseph Worcester's groundbreaking dictionary of 1860,
2268:
2218:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
646:, although it was not published under that title. It was edited by
619:
554:
was republished with a supplement that added 25,000 entries to it.
2552:
2535:
2472:
and is now available at various free online resources, including:
2114:. Preface and Introduction (Second ed.). G. & C. Merriam.
1181:
editions continued to offer words and features not covered by the
1173:), which published its complete first edition in 1933, challenged
799:
571:
529:
161:
2744:
1216:. Among larger dictionaries during this period was (non-Merriam)
1008:
So many dictionaries of varied size and quality have been called
2539:
2274:
1366:
997:
Throughout the 20th century, some non-Merriam editions, such as
682:
2759:
2557:
1491:
2278:
2259:(2 volumes; New York: S. Converse) can be searched online at:
2182:
1049:
dictionary, but rather is a newly commissioned version of the
862:
states that it "normally opts for" the first spelling listed.
409:
343:, and Webster's son-in-law Chauncey A. Goodrich, published an
308:, attacked the man, labeling him mad for such an undertaking.
2322:
1314:
Algeo, John. "The Effects of the Revolution on Language", in
2369:, edited by Chauncey A. Goodrich, first pictorial edition.
2332:
2263:
1441:, second edition (New Haven, Connecticut: the author, 1841).
616:, this edition has had substantial influence on Wiktionary.
1103:
was soon discontinued and it eventually went out of print.
932:
Since the late 19th century, dictionaries bearing the name
693:
is still a popular dictionary. For example, in the case of
677:
Early printings of this dictionary contained the erroneous
79:
544:
Webster's International Dictionary of the English Language
1247:
The American Heritage Publishing Co., highly critical of
989:
and others were free to use the name on their own works.
704:
367:
and Charles Merriam, who then hired Webster's son-in-law
138:
on such grounds as simplicity, analogy or etymology". In
2089:: Philip Gove's Controversial Dictionary and Its Critics
1254:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
585:
The Merriam Company issued a complete revision in 1909,
522:
2427:
of the Australian edition with an Australian supplement
2207:
2202:
may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
601:, was designed to save space by including a section of
2544:
1981:"Webster's Online Dictionary – Definition: dictionary"
1638:
Michael Hancher, "Gazing at the Imperial Dictionary",
339:
Noah Webster's assistant, and later chief competitor,
2056:. Cambridge University Press. Second Edition, 2001.
826:
editions were issued as abridgments of each of their
2470:
251:, prepared the 1841 printing of the second edition.
3191:
3158:
3124:
3083:
3021:
2945:
2831:
2793:
3227:Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners
2120:
695:Miller Brewing Co. v. G. Heileman Brewing Co., Inc
3168:Collaborative International Dictionary of English
2532:Collaborative International Dictionary of English
1921:"Merriam-Webster Continues Noah Webster's Legacy"
1698:"United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit"
564:
2054:Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography
1839:"Dictionary Adds 150 Entries to Updated Edition"
1572:Jill Lepore, "Introduction" in Arthur Schulman,
1413:"Rulon-Miller Books :: Recent Acquisitions"
1059:Webster's Online Dictionary: The Rosetta Edition
280:The third printing of the second edition was by
92:A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language
32:"Webster's" redirects here. For other uses, see
1987:. ICON Group International, Inc. Archived from
1661:Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography
1113:The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language
1090:Noah Webster's main competitor was a man named
951:The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language
550:. It contained about 175,000 entries. In 1900,
2390:An American Dictionary of the English Language
2367:An American Dictionary of the English Language
2344:An American Dictionary of the English Language
1561:An American Dictionary of the English Language
1518:An American Dictionary of the English Language
1439:An American Dictionary of the English Language
1397:A Bibliography of the Writings of Noah Webster
2771:
1045:no longer even uses the text of the original
973:did, in 1889. In 1917, a US court ruled that
8:
2872:An Universal Etymological English Dictionary
2165:Sledd, James; Ebbit, Wilma R., eds. (1962).
2046:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
1663:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
936:have been published by companies other than
714:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
706:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
699:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
166:Title page of the 1828 first edition of the
2467:, has been digitized in 1996 by MICRA, Inc.
2392:, edited by Noah Porter and C. A. F. Mahn
2327:American Dictionary of the English Language
2257:American Dictionary of the English Language
542:Porter also edited the succeeding edition,
349:American Dictionary of the English Language
261:American Dictionary of the English Language
221:American Dictionary of the English Language
168:American Dictionary of the English Language
82:American Dictionary of the English Language
3220:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
2778:
2764:
2756:
1148:, an attractive one volume counterpart to
804:Merriam-Webster's eleventh edition of the
492:edition, because it featured revisions by
213:(11); doubling consonants with suffix (15)
2752:available online on the company's website
2238:Learn how and when to remove this message
2110:Neilson, William A.; et al. (1934).
835:Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary
476:created a significantly revised edition,
456:Learn how and when to remove this message
319:explicates key definitions from both the
2329:that Noah Webster made before his death.
2012:"Brave New Words a Dictionary for Today"
1957:. Vaunt Design Group. November 1, 2006.
1449:
1447:
954:, itself an expansion of Noah Webster's
689:Because of its style and word coverage,
2750:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
2748:(2003), the most recent edition of the
2461:Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
1614:The life and letters of Emily Dickinson
1407:
1405:
1281:
1076:Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
263:to the firm of J. S. & C. Adams of
219:In 1828, when Noah Webster was 70, his
2605:Webster's Elementary-School Dictionary
2437:Webster's New International Dictionary
2112:Webster's New International Dictionary
1961:from the original on September 7, 2007
1849:from the original on November 25, 2021
1819:from the original on November 30, 2022
1316:A Companion to the American Revolution
1296:from the original on December 30, 2009
1222:Webster's Twentieth Century Dictionary
1156:of 1913 was a worthy challenge to the
621:Webster's New International Dictionary
587:Webster's New International Dictionary
566:Webster's New International Dictionary
546:(1890), which was an expansion of the
379:appeared on September 24, 1847, and a
335:Other dictionaries with Webster's name
247:languages are formed. B. L. Hamlen of
170:featuring an engraving of Noah Webster
128:A Companion to the American Revolution
2614:Webster's Secondary-School Dictionary
2298:(includes words starting with J to Z)
2292:(includes words starting with A to I)
1753:National Endowment for the Humanities
1318:. John Wiley & Sons, 2008. p. 599
877:). The first edition of the abridged
790:
782:website service was rebranded as the
770:Planning for a Fourth edition of the
515:James A.H. Murray, the editor of the
505:A Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary
7:
3234:Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's
2881:A Dictionary of the English Language
1901:from the original on August 12, 2021
1627:Dissertation Abstracts International
1498:from the original on August 10, 2017
1185:, and vice versa. In the 1970s, the
761:Britannica World Language Dictionary
478:A Dictionary of the English Language
470:A Dictionary of the English Language
438:adding citations to reliable sources
223:was published by S. Converse in two
50:edited in the early 19th century by
2596:Webster's Primary School Dictionary
2346:, edited by Chauncey A. Goodrich.
2064:. Springfield: G. & C. Merriam.
2022:from the original on August 4, 2018
1778:Fatsis, Stefan (January 12, 2015).
1240:than half the actual vocabulary of
1212:, entered the market alongside the
849:of the text is sometimes included.
375:, to oversee revisions. Goodrich's
3108:Dictionary of Newfoundland English
2640:Webster's Common School Dictionary
2425:1898 print on the Internet Archive
2413:Webster's International Dictionary
1882:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Ogilvie
1541:from the original on March 9, 2012
1458:. Cambridge University Press, 1995
1377:from the original on April 7, 2022
1101:Dictionary of the English Language
742:Since the 1961 publication of the
524:Webster's International Dictionary
25:
3074:Webster's Third New International
2514:, in one file, plain text version
1931:from the original on May 13, 2018
1812:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1786:from the original on July 7, 2023
1629:, 2005, Vol. 65 Issue 12, p. 4561
1233:Webster's Third New International
873:) as well as for general public (
837:(WNNCD), published in 1983), the
561:also was introduced (see below).
146:, for example, spellings such as
2658:Webster's High School Dictionary
2187:
2129:University of Pennsylvania Press
2123:The Long Journey of Noah Webster
2010:Reid, T. R. (November 8, 1987).
1805:Metcalf, Allan (June 11, 2013).
1780:"The Definition of a Dictionary"
1759:from the original on May 2, 2021
1231:After the commercial success of
787:make it unwieldy and expensive.
656:A Reference History of the World
534:1896 advertisement for the 1890
414:
187:
178:
2486:, texts No. 660 to No. 670, in
2048:. Preface. G. & C. Merriam.
928:The name Webster used by others
425:needs additional citations for
402:s 70,000 to more than 100,000.
46:is any of the English language
2936:Dictionary of American English
2856:The New World of English Words
2570:Dictionary for Primary Schools
2281:versions can be viewed at the
2060:Leavitt, Robert Keith (1947).
1985:websters-online-dictionary.org
1642:, Volume 1, 1998, pp. 156–181
1218:Webster's Universal Dictionary
1209:Webster's New World Dictionary
288:, in 1845. This was the first
1:
2675:Webster's Academic Dictionary
2304:optical character recognition
1356:. Guilford Press, 1999. p. 26
942:Webster's Imperial Dictionary
757:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
3206:Cambridge Advanced Learner's
2119:Rollins, Richard M. (1980).
1612:; Martha Dickinson Bianchi,
1041:. The dictionary now called
1038:Encarta Webster's Dictionary
992:Since then, use of the name
636:New International Dictionary
2526:in EPWING/JIS X 4081 format
2150:. New York: HarperCollins.
2083:Morton, Herbert C. (1994).
2052:Landau, Sidney I. (1989)
1869:The Chicago Manual of Style
1341:Online Etymology Dictionary
1203:American College Dictionary
1110:'s four volume revision of
875:Condensed, Practical, Handy
855:The Chicago Manual of Style
474:G. & C. Merriam Company
3279:
3101:Dictionary of Canadianisms
2848:The English Schoole-Master
2269:webstersdictionary1828.com
2173:. Chicago: Scott Foresman.
2093:Cambridge University Press
2091:. Cambridge and New York:
843:Knights of the Round Table
711:
626:
286:Springfield, Massachusetts
31:
18:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
3241:Oxford Advanced Learner's
2822:Middle English Dictionary
2815:Dictionary of Old English
2808:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
2579:Primary School Dictionary
2572:(1833), by Noah Webster,
1845:. Reuters. May 19, 2014.
1492:"Emily Dickinson Lexicon"
1335:February 4, 2015, at the
1166:Oxford English Dictionary
1018:Random House dictionaries
579:The Saturday Evening Post
517:Oxford English Dictionary
54:(1758–1843), an American
3213:Collins COBUILD Advanced
2864:A New English Dictionary
2708:1914 print on HathiTrust
2702:1909 print on HathiTrust
2627:Common-School Dictionary
2547:, DICT Development Group
2420:1907 print on HathiTrust
2255:The 1828 edition of the
2044:Gove, Philip B. (1961).
1722:Herbert Charles Morton,
1683:K. M. Elisabeth Murray,
1138:had ceased publication.
1106:The American edition of
1092:Joseph Emerson Worcester
1033:World English Dictionary
833:With the ninth edition (
341:Joseph Emerson Worcester
306:Jeffersonian Republicans
292:with a Merriam imprint.
34:Webster (disambiguation)
2787:Dictionaries of English
2737:on the Internet Archive
2721:on the Internet Archive
2698:on the Internet Archive
2679:on the Internet Archive
2670:on the Internet Archive
2666:on the Internet Archive
2653:on the Internet Archive
2622:on the Internet Archive
2609:on the Internet Archive
2600:on the Internet Archive
2583:on the Internet Archive
2449:on the Internet Archive
2146:Skinner, David (2012).
1659:Landau, Sidney (2001).
1588:Emily Dickinson Journal
1150:Webster's International
1066:. It is a multilingual
1051:Random House Dictionary
1047:Webster's New Universal
1043:Webster's New Universal
999:Webster's New Universal
820:Webster's International
780:Third New International
552:Webster's International
406:Unabridged edition 1864
377:New and Revised Edition
357:New and Revised Edition
347:of Noah Webster's 1828
284:and Charles Merriam of
120:English spelling reform
3060:Random House Webster's
2649:High-School Dictionary
1616:(1924) p. 80 for quote
1126:, an expansion of the
1064:Merriam-Webster Online
1022:Random House Webster's
808:
623:(second edition, 1934)
609:discriminated synonyms
582:
539:
265:Amherst, Massachusetts
249:New Haven, Connecticut
171:
126:and nationalistic. In
2929:World Book Dictionary
2686:Collegiate Dictionary
1895:"Merriam-Webster FAQ"
1884:, 159 Fed. 638 (1908)
1600:10.1353/edj.2002.0005
1463:June 4, 2023, at the
1290:"Merriam-Webster FAQ"
1082:and Knowledge (XXG).
987:genericized trademark
816:Collegiate Dictionary
806:Collegiate Dictionary
803:
794:Collegiate Dictionary
738:Revisions and updates
730:) in September 1961.
648:William Allan Neilson
591:William Torrey Harris
575:
559:Collegiate Dictionary
533:
509:Pronouncing Gazetteer
165:
64:genericized trademark
62:" has since become a
3263:English dictionaries
2889:Webster's Dictionary
2706:2nd edition (1910),
2692:1st edition (1898),
2558:www.websters1913.com
2208:improve this article
2127:. Philadelphia: The
1991:on February 22, 2004
1739:(July–August 2009).
1648:10.1353/bh.1998.0006
629:Webster–Hayne debate
603:words below the line
434:improve this article
381:Revised and Enlarged
369:Chauncey A. Goodrich
334:
290:Webster's Dictionary
43:Webster's Dictionary
3135:Australian National
3067:Webster's New World
3053:New Oxford American
2913:Imperial Dictionary
2840:Catholicon Anglicum
2712:3rd edition (1916)
2635:on Internet Archive
2574:on Internet Archive
2564:School dictionaries
2553:HyperDictionary.com
2317:1841 (1844) edition
2220:footnote references
2016:The Washington Post
1807:"Unabridged Online"
1576:(Free Press, 2008).
1371:Library of Congress
1264:New Oxford American
1220:(also published as
1146:Standard Dictionary
1144:Funk & Wagnalls
1134:in 1934, after the
1070:created in 1999 by
956:American Dictionary
865:In addition to its
722:(commonly known as
548:American Dictionary
480:. It was edited by
232:Second edition 1841
140:William Shakespeare
3126:Australian English
2921:Century Dictionary
2524:Electronic version
2500:, in one file, in
1352:Venezky, Richard.
1206:and (non-Merriam)
1123:Century Dictionary
809:
792:Merriam-Webster's
583:
540:
172:
158:First edition 1828
3250:
3249:
3142:Australian Oxford
3039:American Regional
3032:American Heritage
2477:Project Gutenberg
2333:1828.mshaffer.com
2264:1828.mshaffer.com
2248:
2247:
2240:
2167:Dictionaries and
2157:978-0-0620-2746-7
2138:978-0-8122-7778-4
2102:978-0-521-46146-7
2078:. pp. 78–87.
1480:978-0-521-55869-3
1270:Encarta Webster's
1189:began publishing
1179:New International
1158:New International
1108:Charles Annandale
1068:online dictionary
1062:is not linked to
664:combination words
658:, which provided
466:
465:
458:
387:British influence
371:, a professor at
122:for reasons both
16:(Redirected from
3270:
3173:Urban Dictionary
3085:Canadian English
3023:American English
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2766:
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2283:Internet Archive
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1704:on July 25, 2010
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640:Webster's Second
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2087:Webster's Third
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2038:Further reading
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1249:Webster's Third
1242:Webster's Third
1152:. The expanded
1088:
1020:are now called
938:Merriam-Webster
930:
887:
814:introduced its
812:Merriam-Webster
798:
791:
752:Addenda Section
748:Merriam-Webster
740:
724:Webster's Third
716:
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652:Thomas A. Knott
632:
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528:
526:(1890 and 1900)
482:Yale University
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80:Noah Webster's
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2906:New Dictionary
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1728:
1726:(1995) p. 123
1715:
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1687:(1977), p. 133
1676:
1669:
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1631:
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1578:
1565:
1559:Noah Webster,
1552:
1533:The Republican
1522:
1516:Noah Webster,
1509:
1483:
1454:Morton, H. C.
1443:
1437:Noah Webster,
1430:
1401:
1395:Skeel, Emily.
1388:
1358:
1345:
1320:
1307:
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1235:in the 1960s,
1195:Second Edition
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1180:
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1172:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:In 1894 came
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1094:, whose 1830
1093:
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868:
863:
861:
857:
856:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
822:in 1890, two
821:
817:
813:
807:
802:
795:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
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707:
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685:
684:
680:
675:
671:
669:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
634:In 1934, the
630:
622:
617:
615:
611:
610:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
581:
580:
574:
567:
562:
560:
557:In 1898, the
555:
553:
549:
545:
537:
536:International
532:
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518:
513:
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501:
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494:C. A. F. Mahn
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423:This section
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276:1845 printing
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255:1844 printing
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237:1841 printing
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208:
205:(7); dropped
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132:center, color
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74:public domain
71:
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56:lexicographer
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2896:Worcester's
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2749:
2745:11th Edition
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2484:version 0.50
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2323:1841 edition
2311:Akai Tsurugi
2308:
2301:
2273:
2256:
2254:
2251:1828 edition
2234:
2225:
2210:by removing
2197:
2170:
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2147:
2122:
2111:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2070:Lepore, Jill
2061:
2053:
2045:
2024:. Retrieved
2015:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1889:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1863:
1853:November 25,
1851:. Retrieved
1842:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1748:
1744:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1692:
1684:
1679:
1660:
1654:
1640:Book History
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1594:(1): 49–80.
1591:
1587:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1532:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1486:
1455:
1438:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1396:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1361:
1353:
1348:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1284:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1237:Random House
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1201:
1199:
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1154:New Standard
1153:
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1117:
1111:
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1100:
1095:
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1036:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1007:
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998:
993:
991:
982:
974:
970:
965:entered the
962:
960:
955:
949:
946:John Ogilvie
941:
933:
931:
888:
878:
874:
870:
866:
864:
859:
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851:
838:
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832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
805:
793:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
765:subscription
760:
751:
743:
741:
732:
727:
723:
719:
717:
705:
698:
694:
690:
688:
681:
676:
672:
667:
660:chronologies
655:
643:
639:
635:
633:
620:
607:
602:
599:divided page
598:
589:, edited by
586:
584:
577:
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558:
556:
551:
547:
543:
541:
535:
523:
516:
514:
508:
504:
502:
497:
490:Webster–Mahn
489:
477:
469:
467:
452:
446:October 2013
443:
432:Please help
427:verification
424:
396:
392:
390:
380:
376:
373:Yale College
362:
356:
348:
338:
329:
324:
323:(1806), and
320:
317:
310:
299:
289:
279:
260:
258:
243:
240:
220:
218:
210:
206:
202:
198:
167:
151:
147:
144:First Folios
135:
131:
127:
124:philological
115:
114:rather than
111:
107:
106:rather than
103:
99:
98:rather than
95:
91:
88:Noah Webster
86:
81:
68:
59:
52:Noah Webster
48:dictionaries
42:
41:
40:
38:
29:
2924:(1889–1891)
2916:(1847–1850)
2731:1919 print
2725:1917 print
2715:1916 print
1823:January 19,
1300:January 24,
1191:Supplements
1086:Competition
944:, based on
486:Noah Porter
321:Compendious
302:Federalists
3178:Wiktionary
2898:Dictionary
2879:Johnson's
2591:1874 print
2587:1871 print
2402:1886 print
2397:1865 print
2379:1862 print
2374:1861 print
2356:1857 print
2351:1847 print
2228:April 2020
2171:Dictionary
1995:August 29,
1965:August 31,
1745:Humanities
1277:References
1259:Collegiate
1228:editions.
1214:Collegiate
1118:Unabridged
1080:Wiktionary
971:Unabridged
923:11th: 2003
920:10th: 1993
867:Collegiate
839:Collegiate
830:editions.
828:Unabridged
824:Collegiate
784:Unabridged
776:Collegiate
772:Unabridged
679:ghost word
498:Unabridged
484:professor
345:abridgment
244:Dictionary
3149:Macquarie
2212:excessive
1790:April 25,
1608:170669035
1381:April 21,
1026:Microsoft
1014:Webster's
1010:Webster's
1003:Universal
985:became a
983:Webster's
979:copyright
975:Webster's
969:when the
963:Webster's
934:Webster's
917:9th: 1983
914:8th: 1973
911:7th: 1963
908:6th: 1949
905:5th: 1936
902:4th: 1931
899:3rd: 1916
896:2nd: 1910
893:1st: 1898
767:service.
296:Influence
116:programme
60:Webster's
3257:Category
3193:Learners
2956:Chambers
2832:Historic
2545:dict.org
2296:Volume 2
2290:Volume 1
2026:July 15,
2020:Archived
1959:Archived
1929:Archived
1899:Archived
1847:Archived
1843:NBC News
1817:Archived
1784:Archived
1757:Archived
1539:Archived
1496:Archived
1461:Archived
1375:Archived
1333:Archived
1294:Archived
1267:and the
1128:Imperial
1078:(1913),
885:Editions
325:American
3183:Wordnik
3046:Encarta
3012:Penguin
3003:Shorter
2996:Concise
2989:Compact
2963:Collins
2677:(1895)
2660:(1892)
2651:(1868)
2642:(1892)
2629:(1867)
2616:(1913)
2607:(1914)
2598:(1892)
2581:(1867)
2206:Please
2198:use of
1935:May 12,
1905:May 13,
1545:May 29,
1502:May 31,
1423:May 31,
1226:Merriam
1175:Merriam
1136:Century
1035:is now
1031:Encarta
994:Webster
538:edition
397:Webster
112:program
3160:Online
2969:Oxford
2892:(1828)
2884:(1755)
2875:(1721)
2867:(1702)
2859:(1658)
2851:(1596)
2843:(1483)
2538:, and
2512:#29765
2508:format
2506:E-Book
2502:E-text
2494:format
2492:E-Book
2488:E-text
2154:
2135:
2099:
1763:May 1,
1667:
1606:
1478:
1470:
1120:. The
1024:, and
847:CD-ROM
708:(1961)
668:starve
472:, the
365:George
282:George
225:quarto
148:center
108:honour
100:centre
96:center
2536:GCIDE
2518:OPTED
1751:(4).
1604:S2CID
744:Third
726:, or
400:'
209:(8);
201:(6);
152:color
136:check
104:honor
2797:and
2540:DICT
2498:#673
2459:The
2277:and
2275:DjVu
2169:That
2152:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2028:2017
1997:2010
1967:2010
1937:2018
1907:2018
1855:2021
1825:2018
1792:2015
1765:2021
1710:2010
1665:ISBN
1547:2011
1504:2011
1476:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1425:2011
1383:2021
1302:2008
1163:The
1056:The
683:dord
650:and
614:OCRd
593:and
568:1909
359:1847
150:and
134:and
3197:ESL
2982:ODE
2975:OED
2795:Old
2306:).
2279:PDF
2214:or
1644:doi
1596:doi
1329:-or
1187:OED
1183:OED
1171:OED
1028:'s
948:'s
642:or
500:.
436:by
211:-se
203:-or
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2447:,
2313:.
2285::
2131:.
2095:.
2018:.
2014:.
1983:.
1953:.
1927:.
1923:.
1897:.
1841:.
1815:.
1809:.
1755:.
1749:30
1747:.
1743:.
1602:.
1592:11
1590:.
1537:.
1494:.
1474:,
1446:^
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1373:.
1369:.
1339:.
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1197:.
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2235:(
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2226:(
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2204:.
2160:.
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2105:.
2030:.
1999:.
1969:.
1939:.
1909:.
1857:.
1827:.
1794:.
1767:.
1712:.
1673:.
1646::
1610:.
1598::
1549:.
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1506:.
1427:.
1385:.
1343:.
1304:.
1169:(
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459:)
453:(
448:)
444:(
430:.
36:.
20:)
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