311:
1338:
2612:
406:
244:
43:
573:
and the Met Office to provide flood risk guidance for
England and Wales. The Centre is jointly staffed from both parent organisations and is based in the Operations Centre at the Met Office headquarters in Exeter. In Scotland this role is performed by the Scottish Flood Forecasting Service, a joint
2095:
Scaife, A. A.; Arribas, A.; Blockley, E.; Brookshaw, A.; Clark, R. T.; Dunstone, N.; Eade, R.; Fereday, D.; Folland, C. K.; Gordon, M.; Hermanson, L.; Knight, J. R.; Lea, D. J.; MacLachlan, C.; Maidens, A.; Martin, M.; Peterson, A. K.; Smith, D.; Vellinga, M.; Wallace, E.; Waters, J.; Williams, A.
1123:
stations where a staffed met office is provided for military operations. The "standard" is a once-hourly reporting schedule, but automatic stations can often be "polled" as required, whilst stations at airfields report twice-hourly, with additional (often frequent in times of bad weather) special
719:
in 1986, but has since evolved into an all-purpose dispersion model capable of predicting the transport, transformation and deposition of a wide class of airborne materials. NAME is used operationally by the Met Office as an emergency response model as well as for routine air quality forecasting.
542:
covering the UK and surroundings (replacing the 4 km model), 48-hour forecasts from the 12 km resolution NAE model covering Europe and the North
Atlantic, and 144-hour forecasts from the 25 km resolution global model (replacing the 40 km global model). The Met Office's Global
302:) to assist in this task and similar barographs and as well as instruments to continuously record other meteorological parameters were later provided to stations across the observing network. Publication of forecasts ceased in May 1866 after FitzRoy's death but recommenced in April 1879.
388:
Although no longer part of the MOD, the Met Office maintains strong links with the military through its front line offices at RAF and Army bases both in the UK and overseas and its involvement in the Joint
Operations Meteorology and Oceanography Centre (JOMOC) with the Royal Navy. The
289:
enabled rapid dissemination of warnings and also led to the development of an observational network which could then be used to provide synoptic analysis. The Met Office started in 1861 to provide weather forecasts to newspapers. FitzRoy requested the daily traces of the
2920:
1104:(totally machine produced), semi-automatic (part-machine and part manual), or manual. Some stations produce manual observations during business hours and revert to automatic observations outside these times. Many stations feature "present weather" sensors,
586:
The Met Office makes seasonal and long range forecasts and distributes them to customers and users globally. The Met Office was the first climate and weather forecast provider to be recognised as a Global
Producing Centre of long range forecasts by the
3302:
647:, and known as WAFC Washington. WAFC data is used daily to safely and economically route aircraft, particularly on long-haul journeys. The data provides details of wind speed and direction, air temperature, cloud type and tops, and other features.
1368:
The FAAM was established as part of the
National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), itself part of NERC, to provide aircraft measurement for use by UK atmospheric research organisations on worldwide campaigns. The main equipment is a modified
543:
Model forecast has consistently been in the top 3 for global weather forecast performance (in the decades up to 2010) in independent verification to WMO standards. Products for other regions of the globe are sold to customers abroad, provided for
1131:
data (e.g. maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall totals over a period, etc.) and these are usually recorded at 0900 and 2100 hours daily. Weather reports are often performed by observers not specifically employed by the Met Office, such as
342:(where the Air Ministry was based) giving rise to the phrase "The weather on the Air Ministry roof". As a result of the need for weather information for aviation, the Met Office located many of its observation and data collection points on
3576:
3420:
2847:
3747:
3287:
2911:
499:(NSWWS). These warn of weather events that may affect transport infrastructure and endanger people's lives. In March 2008, the system was improved and a new stage of warning was introduced, the 'Advisory'.
3207:
2840:
3297:
681:(ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, as part of the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW). The London VAAC makes use of satellite images, plus seismic, radar and visual observation data from
3737:
282:
in a violent storm in
October 1859 led to the first gale warning service. FitzRoy established a network of 15 coastal stations from which visual gale warnings could be provided for ships at sea.
1758:
777:
The Met Office coordinates the production and collation of decadal climate prediction from climate centres around the world as part of its responsibilities as World
Meteorological Organisation
3727:
2833:
2883:
231:, who took on the role as Chief Executive in December 2018 and is the first woman to do so. The Met Office makes meteorological predictions across all timescales from weather forecasts to
131:
2167:
3767:
3742:
547:
operations abroad or provided free to developing countries in Africa. If necessary, forecasters may make adjustments to the computer forecasts. Data is stored in the Met Office's own
378:
3455:
3043:
2893:
2788:
1554:
507:
3460:
3450:
2951:
3541:
3476:
3200:
2380:
2406:
3772:
3673:
3058:
2902:
1533:
3668:
3596:
2874:
2856:
2778:
2706:
1549:
224:
181:
2434:
3581:
3486:
3370:
3571:
804:
3425:
3262:
3193:
1784:
1332:
374:
3343:
3118:
2984:
3566:
3241:
823:, the Met Office has had some of the most powerful supercomputers in the world. In November 1997 the Met Office supercomputer was ranked third in the world.
621:
The BBC used to use Met Office forecasts for all of its output, but on 23 August 2015, it was announced that the BBC would be replacing the Met Office with
3551:
3307:
721:
669:
clouds that could enter aircraft flight paths and impact aviation safety. The London VAAC, one of nine worldwide, is responsible for the area covering the
510:
in
September 2015 to provide a single authoritative naming system for the storms that affect the UK and Ireland. The first named storm under this system,
346:, and this accounts for the large number of military airfields mentioned in weather reports even today. In 1936 the Met Office split with services to the
3757:
3556:
2924:
689:
developed by the Met Office is used to forecast the movement of the ash clouds 6, 12 and 18 hours from the time of the alert at different flight levels.
519:
1762:
452:
in
Oxfordshire, and there is a Met Office presence at Army and Air Force bases within the UK and abroad (including frontline units in conflict zones).
3390:
3078:
3063:
796:
790:
678:
1917:
3762:
3712:
3521:
1859:
2768:
1508:
1354:
1319:
continues by maintaining a
Meteorological Research Unit (MRU). This is responsible for conducting research into part of the atmosphere called the
496:
382:
2305:
2203:
2158:
3717:
3546:
3023:
575:
310:
3752:
3410:
3358:
2591:
2277:
1699:
1639:
1465:
2030:
3606:
3445:
3338:
3333:
3068:
3048:
3038:
2678:
1518:
1362:
544:
358:
3028:
3491:
3400:
3395:
3348:
3292:
2627:
1810:
643:
The Met Office is one of only two World Area Forecast Centres or WAFCs, and is referred to as WAFC London. The other WAFC is located in
629:
payers. The BBC still uses some Met Office data for certain forecasts, particularly severe weather warnings and the Shipping Forecast.
3722:
3561:
3405:
3317:
20:
3686:
3678:
3272:
588:
3506:
3430:
3375:
3277:
3217:
1166:
712:
343:
1573:
444:. Other outposts lodge in establishments such as the MetOffice@Reading (formerly the Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology) at
3526:
3496:
3365:
1120:
426:
397:
who accompany forward units in times of conflict advising the armed forces of the conditions for battle, particularly the RAF.
3481:
3440:
3435:
3231:
2934:
2793:
2431:
781:. These predictions are updated each year and a summary, the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update is published each year.
698:
1337:
3144:
1964:
1599:
In November 2000 the organisation underwent a corporate rebrand and officially changed its name to simply the "Met Office".
3652:
3616:
3380:
3246:
3164:
3154:
1513:
534:
in space and observations on earth, then processing it with a variety of models, based on a software package known as the
3282:
2008:
3647:
3586:
3005:
2798:
2632:
2573:
2056:
1474:
816:
662:
656:
425:. The new building was officially opened on 21 June 2004 – a few weeks short of the Met Office's 150th anniversary – by
92:
2478:
3637:
3591:
3385:
3236:
2960:
2498:
2384:
1112:. The six main radiosonde stations in the UK are Camborne, Lerwick, Albemarle, Watnall, Castor Bay and Herstmonceux.
591:
and continues to provide forecasts to the WMO for dissemination to other national meteorological services worldwide.
3139:
538:. The principal weather products for UK customers are 36-hour forecasts from the operational 1.5 km resolution
3149:
3033:
2773:
2711:
2410:
1124:
reports as necessary to inform airfield authorities of changes to the weather that may affect aviation operations.
638:
599:
390:
2528:
2097:
3732:
3174:
3169:
2955:
2651:
2081:
1151:
1105:
1101:
262:
247:
3501:
3312:
2942:
2701:
2671:
1904:"10 November 2015 - The Met Office has named Abigail as the first storm as part of the Name Our Storms project"
1483:
1278:
1156:
566:
560:
449:
625:, a competing provider, as part of the corporation's legal obligation to provide best value for money for the
3267:
2732:
2450:
1614:
1528:
1141:
708:
686:
370:
727:
The forecast is produced for pollutants and their typical health effects are shown in the following table.
3536:
3516:
1161:
2979:
1171:
3632:
3353:
2866:
1986:
1403:
1227:
871:
644:
445:
1903:
1881:
2112:
1724:
682:
273:
2825:
1943:"Experiences with a 1.5 km version of the Met Office Unified Model for short range forecasting"
1836:
1587:
3707:
3110:
2664:
2637:
2250:
1538:
1523:
1146:
1133:
1647:
3096:
2622:
2138:
2034:
1942:
1740:
1384:
1221:
716:
626:
570:
286:
3511:
2330:
1312:
with instruments being carried by barrage balloons until the RAE facility closed in the 1980s.
2783:
2587:
2273:
1695:
1495:
1459:
1358:
1289:
704:
531:
476:
470:
228:
19:
This article is about the weather service in the United Kingdom. For the one in Pakistan, see
2565:
1715:
Ronalds, B.F. (June 2016). "Sir Francis Ronalds and the Early Years of the Kew Observatory".
3073:
2971:
2897:
2494:
2128:
2120:
1732:
1453:
1231:
1181:
849:
800:
611:
530:
The main role of the Met Office is to produce forecast models by gathering information from
354:
216:
147:
3123:
2994:
2482:
2438:
1298:
Meteorological Research Unit and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM)
1237:
1116:
1097:
595:
514:
was announced on 10 November 2015. In 2019, the Met Office and Met Éireann were joined by
331:
299:
295:
1987:"Verification statistics and evaluations of ECMWF forecasts in 2009–2010 – Figures 11–15"
1669:
3185:
2611:
2116:
1728:
522:(KNMI), There Are Now Recommendations To Name Heatwaves This Summer As Part Of A Trial.
3531:
2921:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Future Digital Economy and Online Safety
2269:
2207:
1543:
1415:
1409:
1320:
1316:
1303:
1272:
1192:
890:
503:
339:
265:
258:
250:
232:
164:
1061:
Since 2012 the Met Office Contact Centre (known as the Weather Desk) has been part of
456:
weather forecasts are generally provided by naval officers, not Met Office personnel.
3701:
2727:
2503:
2142:
1744:
1447:
1396:
1187:
820:
670:
539:
535:
511:
484:
27:
1115:
Some stations have limited reporting times, while other report continuously, mainly
405:
2915:
2906:
1546:, the Irish meteorological service, which separated from the UK Met Office in 1936.
1346:
1267:
1255:
1215:
1197:
666:
335:
220:
685:, the location of all of the active volcanoes in its area of responsibility. The
495:
The Met Office issues Severe Weather Warnings for the United Kingdom through the
448:
in Berkshire, the Joint Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Research (JCHMR) site at
257:
The Met Office was established on 1 August 1854 as a small department within the
3053:
2946:
2261:
1441:
1422:
1390:
1374:
1309:
1243:
1209:
1203:
1109:
615:
515:
480:
422:
394:
1814:
778:
432:
It has a worldwide presence – including a forecasting centre in
3642:
3601:
2887:
1489:
1284:
1261:
1249:
1176:
661:
As part of its aviation forecast operation the Met Office operates the London
622:
453:
361:
in April 1990, a quasi-governmental role, being required to act commercially.
347:
127:
2543:
2530:
2814:
2647:
2475:
1989:. European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ecmwf.int. October 2010
1037:
913:
548:
441:
437:
414:
319:
315:
291:
243:
87:
2508:
594:
Met Office research has broken new ground in seasonal forecasting for the
2584:
2124:
1043:
998:
982:
976:
956:
940:
933:
897:
855:
433:
279:
215:, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an
1062:
2747:
2181:
2133:
1370:
1353:
The Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM), part of the
674:
42:
2642:
1323:
by using a tethered balloon which is kept in a small portable hangar.
762:
Fine particles can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause
748:
These gases irritate the airways of the lungs, increasing the symptoms
598:
and has demonstrated its abilities in its seasonal predictions of the
3415:
2742:
2737:
1736:
1128:
1018:
418:
323:
269:
96:
2912:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for AI and Digital Government
2355:
2292:"United Kingdom Meteorological Office | TOP500 Supercomputing Sites"
2291:
2229:
2159:"The Met Office can now predict winter weather one year in advance"
150:, Minister of State (Minister for Science, Research and Innovation)
3159:
2752:
1640:"Professor Penelope Endersby to be new Met Office Chief Executive"
1336:
404:
309:
242:
2617:
2454:
1860:"Storm-naming system yet to be put in place as Rachel peters out"
1813:. Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 13 May 2014. Archived from
3748:
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
2605:
2266:
The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming
1342:
192:
3189:
2829:
2660:
1068:
In 2015 the Met Office won awards in the following categories:
26:"UKMET" redirects here. For the weather prediction system, see
1108:, etc. There is also a network of 'upper air' stations, using
2656:
2381:"MET Office Research facilities (website accessed: 12/08/10)"
803:, on climate science. In 2001 the working group moved to the
715:. It was developed as a nuclear accident model following the
413:
In September 2003 the Met Office moved its headquarters from
393:(MMU) are a unit consisting of Met Office staff who are also
1785:"Machinery of Government Changes:Written statement - HCWS94"
665:(VAAC). This provides forecasts to the aviation industry of
2306:"Met Office wins top Customer Service Awards | Met Office"
1759:"UK Met Office switches departments in Whitehall shake-up"
618:
using the Met Office's data and animated weather symbols.
1882:"Met Éireann plans to start naming storms from next year"
132:
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology
2098:"Seasonal Predictions of the North Atlantic Oscillation"
764:
inflammation and a worsening of heart and lung diseases
1965:"Met Office Atmospheric numerical model configurations"
379:
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
3044:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
2894:
Minister of State for Science, Research and Innovation
2789:
UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee
2566:"The end of weather forecasting at Met Office London"
1692:
Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph
1555:
Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland
1373:
aircraft, registration G-LUXE, owned and operated by
2409:. Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from
2383:. Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from
2206:. Metoffice.gov.uk. 19 November 2008. Archived from
1574:"Met Office annual report and accounts 2021 to 2022"
779:
Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Climate Prediction
409:
The 2003 headquarters building on the edge of Exeter
3738:
Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government
3625:
3469:
3326:
3255:
3224:
3132:
3109:
3089:
3016:
3003:
2970:
2933:
2873:
2807:
2761:
2720:
2694:
1065:'Top 50 Companies for Customer Service' programme.
187:
177:
157:
140:
119:
111:
103:
83:
75:
57:
52:
3674:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
3059:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
2903:Minister of State for Data Protection and Telecoms
2453:. Directflight.co.uk. 1 April 2014. Archived from
2407:"Met Office – Boundary layer (accessed: 12/08/10)"
2157:
1534:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
815:Due to the large amount of computation needed for
417:in Berkshire to a purpose-built £80m structure at
225:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
182:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
3728:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
3669:Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology
2857:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
2707:Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
2375:
2373:
1550:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
602:and winter climate for Europe and North America.
2082:"World Meteorological Organisation GPC outlooks"
1136:staff, coastguards, university staff and so on.
350:being provided by its own forecasting services.
170:Stephen Belcher, Chief of Science and Technology
2331:"Met Office Scoops Top Customer Service Awards"
805:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
479:is produced by the Met Office and broadcast on
3768:Trading funds of the United Kingdom government
3743:Governmental meteorological agencies in Europe
2638:Joint Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Research
1333:Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements
606:Supply of forecasts for broadcasting companies
377:on 18 July 2011, and subsequently part of the
375:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
338:in 1919, the weather observed from the top of
3201:
2841:
2672:
8:
2628:Met Office (National Meteorological) Archive
502:The Met Office along with Irish counterpart
35:
1811:"Met Office defence: Supporting operations"
1418:: verification of ground-based instruments;
1308:Meteorological Research was carried out at
722:United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols model
720:Aerosol dispersion is calculated using the
483:, for those traversing the seas around the
3208:
3194:
3186:
3013:
2848:
2834:
2826:
2679:
2665:
2657:
2633:MetOffice@Reading at University of Reading
2610:
2057:"Long-range global and regional forecasts"
2009:"Flood Forecasting Centre moves to Exeter"
1634:
1632:
520:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
373:change, the Met Office became part of the
3773:1854 establishments in the United Kingdom
3079:Science and Technology Facilities Council
2576:, June 2007, v.62, no.6, pp. 143–146
2132:
1609:
1607:
797:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
791:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
679:International Civil Aviation Organization
518:national weather forecasting service the
16:United Kingdom's national weather service
2251:Overview of VAAC Activities presentation
1615:"Met Office Chief Executive stands down"
825:
729:
711:, the Met Office's medium-to-long-range
272:. The loss of the passenger vessel, the
2769:National Severe Weather Warning Service
2451:"Directflight Limited official website"
2432:National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2182:"Met Office loses BBC weather contract"
1565:
1509:Climatic Research Unit hacking incident
1355:National Centre for Atmospheric Science
1072:Rated 1st Overall for Combined Channels
497:National Severe Weather Warning Service
421:Business Park, near junction 29 of the
383:Department of Energy and Climate Change
306:Connection with the Ministry of Defence
3024:Advanced Research and Invention Agency
1436:Directors General and Chief Executives
1075:Most Improved Overall for Social Media
750:of those suffering from lung diseases.
576:Scottish Environment Protection Agency
34:
3145:Incubator for Artificial Intelligence
2230:"International Airways Volcano Watch"
2170:from the original on 12 January 2022.
838:Horizontal resolution (global/local)
795:Until 2001 the Met Office hosted the
569:(FFC) is a joint venture between the
7:
3069:Natural Environment Research Council
3049:Economic and Social Research Council
3039:Arts and Humanities Research Council
2581:History of the Meteorological Office
2031:"Scottish Flood Forecasting Service"
1839:. Metoffice.gov.uk. 19 November 2008
1519:Climate change in the United Kingdom
1363:Natural Environment Research Council
381:following the merger of BIS and the
334:, the Met Office became part of the
107:Per scientiam tempestates praedicere
2952:Government Chief Scientific Adviser
1918:"Storm names for 2019-20 announced"
1761:. Clickgreen.org.uk. Archived from
1377:on behalf of Directflight Limited.
1081:Rated 1st Overall for Email Service
2156:Knapton, Sarah (17 October 2016).
1858:Ahlstrom, Dick (15 January 2015).
1694:. London: Imperial College Press.
1078:Rated 2nd Overall for Call Service
90:, Berkshire (before December 2003)
21:Pakistan Meteorological Department
14:
3758:Organizations established in 1854
3687:World Meteorological Organization
3679:European Severe Storms Laboratory
3029:Information Commissioner's Office
1361:. It is a collaboration with the
610:One of the main media companies,
589:World Meteorological Organisation
278:, and 459 lives off the coast of
47:Logo of the Met Office since 1987
2925:The Baroness Jones of Whitchurch
1387:studies in clear and cloudy air;
1315:The Met Office association with
491:Weather forecasting and warnings
41:
3763:Science and technology in Devon
3713:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1884:. The Journal. 21 December 2014
1670:"Foundations of the Met Office"
1588:"Meteorological Office Archive"
1431:Campaigns in the UK and abroad.
1380:Areas of application include:
1258:weather station 51.55 N 0.417 W
427:Robert May, Baron May of Oxford
3140:British Technology Investments
2794:UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau
1967:. Metoffice.gov.uk. 5 May 2010
1945:. ametsoc.org. 25 January 2011
1428:Satellite instrument test-bed;
1230:weather station (supported by
699:UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau
677:. The VAAC were set up by the
673:, the north east Atlantic and
314:Former Met Office building in
1:
3718:Climate of the United Kingdom
3165:Phone-paid Services Authority
3155:Government Office for Science
2033:. Sepa.org.uk. Archived from
1514:Climate of the United Kingdom
1341:FAAM BAe146-300 takes off at
736:Health Effects at High Level
99:, Devon (since December 2003)
3753:Organisations based in Devon
3218:meteorological organizations
3119:National Physical Laboratory
2985:Intellectual Property Office
2799:Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
2574:Royal Meteorological Society
2290:Mark Twain, Kevin McCurley.
2105:Geophysical Research Letters
1837:"Met Office warning colours"
1096:Reports (observations) from
817:Numerical Weather Prediction
713:atmospheric dispersion model
663:Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
657:Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
651:Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
93:Met Office Operations Centre
3175:UK Shared Business Services
3170:Regulatory Horizons Council
2961:National Technology Advisor
2898:The Lord Vallance of Balham
2356:"Prestatyn Weather website"
578:(SEPA) and the Met Office.
253:, founder of the Met Office
141:Deputy Minister responsible
3789:
3150:Government Digital Service
3034:UK Research and Innovation
2774:World Area Forecast Centre
2712:Mobile Meteorological Unit
2623:BBC Shipping Forecast page
2585:Cambridge University Press
1330:
1301:
1127:Some stations report only
902:(300 km/100 km)
841:Number of vertical levels
811:High performance computing
799:working group, chaired by
788:
696:
654:
639:World Area Forecast Centre
636:
633:World Area Forecast Centre
600:North Atlantic Oscillation
558:
468:
25:
18:
3723:Companies based in Exeter
3661:
2863:
2232:. Icao.int. 26 March 2010
1480:Mark Hutchinson 2005–2007
1157:Prestatyn weather station
1152:Penkridge weather station
1048:(10 km/1.5 km)
1026:(17 km/1.5 km)
922:(150 km/75 km)
526:Weather prediction models
40:
3064:Medical Research Council
2702:Flood Forecasting Centre
2437:15 February 2012 at the
2358:. Prestatynweather.co.uk
1421:Satellite ground truth:
1279:Wattisham Flying Station
987:(40 km/12 km)
965:(60 km/12 km)
945:(90 km/17 km)
835:Calculations per second
567:Flood Forecasting Centre
561:Flood Forecasting Centre
555:Flood Forecasting Centre
2579:Walker, Malcolm (J M),
1529:Eskdalemuir Observatory
1442:Sir William Napier Shaw
1425:measurements and winds;
1412:and turbulence studies;
1393:chemistry measurements;
1142:Eskdalemuir Observatory
1087:Best Extra Small Centre
1007:(40 km/4 km)
371:machinery of government
322:, before relocation to
63:; 170 years ago
2481:9 October 2006 at the
1690:Ronalds, B.F. (2016).
1350:
1063:Contact Centre Panel's
703:The Met Office issues
614:produce forecasts for
410:
327:
254:
2867:100 Parliament Street
2476:FAAM web reports page
1471:Peter Ewins 1997–2004
1340:
1228:RAF Little Rissington
1084:Best in Public Sector
872:English Electric KDF9
707:forecasts made using
687:NAME dispersion model
645:Kansas City, Missouri
446:University of Reading
408:
313:
246:
211:, abbreviated as the
209:Meteorological Office
3456:United Arab Emirates
2648:Met Office's channel
2643:Met Office news blog
2544:50.72722°N 3.47500°W
2125:10.1002/2014GL059637
1454:Sir Basil John Mason
1399:and dynamic studies;
574:venture between the
565:Formed in 2009, the
120:Minister responsible
3111:Public corporations
2980:Building Digital UK
2943:Permanent Secretary
2907:Sir Chris Bryant MP
2540: /
2387:on 24 February 2009
2117:2014GeoRL..41.2514S
1729:2016Wthr...71..131R
1539:Great Storm of 1987
1172:Wye weather station
1147:Lerwick Observatory
1134:Air traffic control
879:(N.A./300 km)
860:(N.A./320 km)
772:Decadal Predictions
508:storm naming system
365:Changes of ministry
359:Ministry of Defence
37:
3097:Copyright Tribunal
2972:Executive agencies
2956:Dame Angela McLean
2884:Secretary of State
2618:BBC Weather Centre
2549:50.72722; -3.47500
2511:on 9 December 2006
2499:"Reason and Light"
1650:on 18 October 2018
1385:Radiative transfer
1351:
1222:RAF Linton-on-Ouse
717:Chernobyl accident
582:Seasonal forecasts
571:Environment Agency
532:weather satellites
411:
328:
326:, since demolished
287:electric telegraph
255:
227:and is led by CEO
115:2,223 (March 2022)
3695:
3694:
3183:
3182:
3105:
3104:
2823:
2822:
2784:Shipping Forecast
2592:978-0-521-85985-1
2495:Henderson, Caspar
2310:www.wired-gov.net
2278:978-0-85265-229-9
2210:on 8 January 2007
1701:978-1-78326-917-4
1496:Penelope Endersby
1460:Sir John Houghton
1448:Sir Graham Sutton
1359:Cranfield Airport
1290:AAC Middle Wallop
1054:
1053:
768:
767:
477:Shipping Forecast
471:Shipping Forecast
465:Shipping forecast
436:, and offices in
385:on 14 July 2016.
229:Penelope Endersby
205:
204:
167:, Chief Executive
158:Agency executives
3780:
3733:Economy of Devon
3210:
3203:
3196:
3187:
3074:Research England
3014:
3006:Non-departmental
2850:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2606:Official website
2583:(December 2011)
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2507:. Archived from
2491:
2485:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:. 23 August 2015
2178:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2111:(7): 2514–2519.
2102:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2037:on 26 March 2015
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2011:. Exeter Science
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1737:10.1002/wea.2739
1712:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1646:. Archived from
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1524:Burns' Day storm
1406:weather systems;
1371:BAe 146 type 301
1232:RAF Brize Norton
1182:RAF Brize Norton
1167:Sutton Bonington
1098:weather stations
1092:Weather stations
1057:Customer service
850:Ferranti Mercury
826:
741:Nitrogen dioxide
730:
355:executive agency
268:as a service to
217:executive agency
201:
198:
196:
194:
148:Patrick Vallance
71:
69:
64:
45:
38:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3657:
3621:
3465:
3322:
3251:
3220:
3214:
3184:
3179:
3128:
3124:Ordnance Survey
3101:
3085:
3010:
3007:
2999:
2995:UK Space Agency
2966:
2963:: Dr Dave Smith
2929:
2916:Feryal Clark MP
2869:
2859:
2854:
2824:
2819:
2803:
2757:
2716:
2690:
2685:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2561:
2559:Further reading
2548:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2497:(15 May 2006).
2493:
2492:
2488:
2483:Wayback Machine
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2457:on 4 March 2000
2449:
2448:
2444:
2439:Wayback Machine
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2413:on 18 June 2010
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1765:on 22 July 2011
1757:
1756:
1752:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1505:
1438:
1335:
1329:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1292:weather station
1281:weather station
1275:weather station
1264:weather station
1252:weather station
1246:weather station
1240:weather station
1238:RAF Lossiemouth
1224:weather station
1218:weather station
1212:weather station
1206:weather station
1200:weather station
1184:weather station
1094:
1059:
813:
793:
787:
773:
763:
758:
751:
749:
745:Sulphur dioxide
744:
742:
701:
695:
659:
653:
641:
635:
608:
584:
563:
557:
528:
493:
473:
467:
462:
403:
391:Mobile Met Unit
367:
332:First World War
308:
300:Francis Ronalds
296:Kew Observatory
241:
191:
173:
153:
136:
91:
67:
65:
62:
53:Agency overview
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3700:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3612:United Kingdom
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Czech Republic
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3011:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2865:Headquarters:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2599:
2598:External links
2596:
2595:
2594:
2577:
2560:
2557:
2523:
2522:
2486:
2468:
2442:
2424:
2398:
2369:
2347:
2322:
2297:
2282:
2270:Guardian Books
2254:
2243:
2221:
2195:
2173:
2148:
2087:
2073:
2048:
2022:
2000:
1978:
1956:
1934:
1909:
1895:
1873:
1850:
1828:
1817:on 5 July 2007
1802:
1791:. 18 July 2016
1776:
1750:
1723:(6): 131–134.
1707:
1700:
1682:
1661:
1628:
1603:
1579:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1416:Remote sensing
1413:
1410:Boundary layer
1407:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1357:, is based at
1331:Main article:
1328:
1325:
1321:boundary layer
1304:RAF Cardington
1302:Main article:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1273:RAF Waddington
1270:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1193:RAF Cottesmore
1190:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1121:Army Air Corps
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:140 teraflops
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:5.4 teraflops
1002:
996:
992:
991:
988:
985:
979:
974:
970:
969:
966:
963:
962:430 gigaflops
960:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
937:
931:
927:
926:
923:
920:
919:200 megaflops
917:
911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
894:
891:IBM System/360
888:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
869:
865:
864:
861:
858:
852:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
812:
809:
789:Main article:
786:
783:
771:
766:
765:
760:
754:
753:
746:
738:
737:
734:
697:Main article:
694:
691:
655:Main article:
652:
649:
637:Main article:
634:
631:
607:
604:
583:
580:
559:Main article:
556:
553:
527:
524:
492:
489:
469:Main article:
466:
463:
461:
458:
402:
399:
395:RAF reservists
366:
363:
340:Adastral House
330:Following the
307:
304:
266:Robert FitzRoy
259:Board of Trade
251:Robert FitzRoy
240:
237:
233:climate change
203:
202:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
172:
171:
168:
165:Penny Endersby
161:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
144:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
85:
81:
80:
79:United Kingdom
77:
73:
72:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3785:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
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3550:
3548:
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3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:United States
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3098:
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351:
349:
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344:RAF airfields
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298:(invented by
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68:1 August 1854
61:1 August 1854
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
33:
29:
28:Unified Model
22:
3611:
3451:Turkmenistan
3426:Saudi Arabia
3391:Korea (DPRK)
3247:South Africa
2989:
2882:
2687:
2580:
2569:
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2509:the original
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2401:
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2360:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:27 September
2338:. Retrieved
2334:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
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2285:
2265:
2262:Pearce, Fred
2257:
2246:
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2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2176:
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2108:
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2090:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
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2003:
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1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1959:
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1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
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1886:. Retrieved
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1853:
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1831:
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1815:the original
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1779:
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1763:the original
1753:
1720:
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1691:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1643:
1619:. Retrieved
1598:
1591:. Retrieved
1582:
1568:
1475:David Rogers
1402:Dynamics of
1391:Tropospheric
1379:
1367:
1352:
1347:RAF Fairford
1314:
1307:
1268:RAF Shawbury
1256:RAF Northolt
1216:RAF Leuchars
1198:RAF Cranwell
1126:
1114:
1095:
1067:
1060:
814:
794:
776:
770:
769:
757:Particulates
726:
702:
667:volcanic ash
660:
642:
620:
609:
596:extratropics
593:
585:
564:
529:
501:
494:
474:
431:
412:
387:
369:Following a
368:
352:
336:Air Ministry
329:
284:
274:
263:Vice Admiral
256:
248:Vice Admiral
221:trading fund
212:
208:
206:
84:Headquarters
76:Jurisdiction
32:
3643:New Zealand
3602:Switzerland
3557:Netherlands
3416:Philippines
3396:Korea (ROK)
3334:Afghanistan
3054:Innovate UK
2947:Sarah Munby
2695:Departments
2547: /
2315:16 November
2134:10871/34601
1993:10 February
1949:23 February
1544:Met Éireann
1466:Julian Hunt
1423:radiometric
1375:BAE Systems
1310:RAE Bedford
1244:RAF Lyneham
1210:RAF Leeming
1204:RAF Kinloss
1110:radiosondes
705:air quality
693:Air quality
627:licence fee
616:ITV Weather
504:Met Éireann
481:BBC Radio 4
450:Wallingford
440:and on the
423:M5 motorway
3708:Met Office
3702:Categories
3665:Regional:
3552:Montenegro
3339:Bangladesh
3293:Costa Rica
3242:Mozambique
2990:Met Office
2688:Met Office
2572:magazine,
2532:50°43′38″N
2061:Met Office
1927:13 January
1922:Met Office
1888:17 January
1866:17 January
1675:1 November
1654:18 October
1644:Met Office
1593:5 December
1561:References
1490:Rob Varley
1484:John Hirst
1317:Cardington
1285:RAF Valley
1262:RAF Odiham
1250:RAF Marham
1177:RAF Benson
1162:Stonyhurst
1029:70 levels
1019:IBM Power6
1010:50 levels
990:50 levels
968:38 levels
948:19 levels
925:15 levels
905:10 levels
623:MeteoGroup
454:Royal Navy
348:Royal Navy
213:Met Office
195:.metoffice
128:Peter Kyle
36:Met Office
3633:Australia
3547:Lithuania
3431:Singapore
3411:Palestine
3371:Indonesia
3354:Hong Kong
3303:Guatemala
3263:Argentina
3216:National
3017:Executive
2875:Ministers
2815:PP-format
2535:3°28′30″W
2335:iGov News
2280:, p. XVI.
2268:, (2010)
2143:127165980
1745:123788388
1576:. gov.uk.
1492:2014–2018
1486:2007–2014
1477:2004–2005
1468:1992–1997
1462:1983–1991
1456:1965–1983
1450:1954–1965
1444:1905–1920
1404:mesoscale
1349:, England
1102:automatic
1044:petaflops
1038:Cray XC40
1001:and SX-6
983:teraflops
959:900/1200
941:gigaflops
914:CDC Cyber
898:megaflops
882:3 levels
863:2 levels
856:kiloflops
832:Computer
733:Pollutant
549:PP-format
540:UKV model
460:Forecasts
442:Falklands
438:Gibraltar
415:Bracknell
401:Locations
320:Berkshire
316:Bracknell
292:barograph
112:Employees
88:Bracknell
3685:Global:
3587:Slovenia
3567:Portugal
3441:Thailand
3406:Pakistan
3401:Malaysia
3288:Colombia
3256:Americas
3090:Tribunal
2762:Services
2515:22 April
2479:Archived
2435:Archived
2168:Archived
2096:(2014).
1617:. Gov.uk
1503:See also
999:NEC SX-8
977:NEC SX-6
957:Cray T3E
819:and the
434:Aberdeen
285:The new
280:Anglesey
270:mariners
3626:Oceania
3617:Ukraine
3572:Romania
3532:Ireland
3527:Iceland
3517:Germany
3507:Finland
3502:Estonia
3497:Denmark
3487:Croatia
3482:Belgium
3477:Austria
3461:Vietnam
3318:Uruguay
3298:Ecuador
3268:Bermuda
3232:Algeria
2748:HadGEM1
2652:YouTube
2570:Weather
2461:30 June
2417:30 June
2391:30 June
2113:Bibcode
2066:21 July
1821:30 June
1795:22 July
1789:Hansard
1769:18 July
1725:Bibcode
1717:Weather
1621:5 March
1100:can be
752:
683:Iceland
675:Iceland
512:Abigail
357:of the
239:History
223:of the
188:Website
126:Rt Hon
66: (
3653:Tuvalu
3607:Turkey
3597:Sweden
3582:Serbia
3577:Russia
3562:Norway
3542:Latvia
3522:Greece
3512:France
3470:Europe
3446:Turkey
3436:Taiwan
3421:Russia
3381:Israel
3344:Bhutan
3308:Mexico
3278:Canada
3273:Brazil
3225:Africa
2743:HadCM3
2721:Models
2590:
2362:15 May
2276:
2236:15 May
2214:15 May
2188:7 June
2141:
2041:4 June
2015:4 June
1971:15 May
1843:15 May
1743:
1698:
1129:CLIMAT
759:
419:Exeter
324:Exeter
290:photo-
261:under
97:Exeter
58:Formed
3648:Tonga
3592:Spain
3537:Italy
3386:Japan
3366:India
3359:Macau
3349:China
3283:Chile
3237:Ghana
3160:Ofcom
3133:Other
2808:Other
2753:JULES
2139:S2CID
2101:(PDF)
1741:S2CID
1498:2018–
1034:2015
1015:2009
995:2006
973:2004
953:1997
930:1991
910:1982
887:1972
868:1965
846:1959
829:Year
743:Ozone
516:Dutch
104:Motto
3638:Fiji
3376:Iran
3327:Asia
2779:NOOS
2738:ADMS
2733:NAME
2588:ISBN
2517:2008
2463:2014
2419:2014
2393:2014
2364:2010
2342:2016
2317:2021
2274:ISBN
2238:2010
2216:2010
2190:2019
2068:2017
2043:2011
2017:2011
1995:2011
1973:2010
1951:2011
1929:2020
1890:2015
1868:2015
1845:2010
1823:2014
1797:2016
1771:2011
1696:ISBN
1677:2022
1656:2018
1623:2018
1595:2013
1343:RIAT
1327:FAAM
1119:and
1106:CCTV
981:2.0
936:/16
916:205
893:195
785:IPCC
709:NAME
475:The
219:and
207:The
197:.gov
130:MP,
2650:on
2129:hdl
2121:doi
1733:doi
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612:ITV
545:MOD
294:at
199:.uk
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
