359:
66:
44:
1021:
348:
and a posterior testis. The testes vary from almost round to oval, and may be deeply lobed or slightly indented. No cirrus pouch is found. The seminal vesicle is slender. The ovary is trilobed. The
957:
MacLean J. D., Arthur J. R., Ward B. J., Gyorkos T. W., Curtis M. A. & Kokoskin E. (1996). "Common-source outbreak of acute infection due to the North
American liver fluke
1184:
Unruh D. H., King J. E., Eaton R. D. & Allen J. R. (1973). "Parasites of dogs from Indian settlements in northwestern Canada: a survey with public health implications".
758:
701:
1343:
1425:
358:
1330:
1356:
832:
1143:
1101:
638:
was found to be a common infection of domestic dogs in First
Nations settlements in 1973. It has been in found in other animals including
1005:
1392:
1186:
1160:
1130:
1361:
1222:
1065:
1035:
881:
914:
789:
589:
are seen. When untreated, symptoms may last from 3 days to 4 weeks. Symptoms of chronic infection were not reported.
65:
930:
632:
Watson and Croll (1981) studied symptoms of cats. Prevention includes feeding with cooked fish (not raw fish).
1242:
830:
Chai J. Y., Darwin
Murrell K. & Lymbery A. J. (2005). "Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: Status and issues".
341:
766:
670:
1420:
1259:
709:
582:
263:
176:
666:
546:
532:
causes a disease called metorchiasis. It has been known to infect humans since 1946. Humans had eggs of
420:
408:
402:
160:
999:
Behr M. A., Gyorkos T. W., Kokoskin E., Ward B. J., MacLean J. D. (1998). "North
American liver fluke (
1397:
1317:
1291:
349:
202:
570:, about 1–15 days are needed for symptoms to occur, namely for eggs to be detected in the stool (
185:
60:
352:
is elongated or pyriform, and slightly twisted, and situated to the right and behind the ovary.
1348:
1369:
1304:
1194:
1097:
1073:
1043:
1013:
922:
889:
624:: 75 mg/kg in three doses per day (the same dosage applies for adults and for children).
571:
376:
247:
1374:
1296:
1091:
1384:
1230:
1168:
971:
840:
797:
414:
389:
384:
251:
509:
397:
239:
127:
1213:
1126:
801:
43:
975:
1414:
500:
487:
429:
117:
1309:
674:
621:
586:
537:
1154:
Watson T. G & Croll N. A. (1981). "Clinical changes caused by the liver fluke
844:
550:
was identified as a source for an outbreak in
Montreal in 1993. It was the first
783:
Mills J. H. & Hirth R. S. (1968). "Lesions Caused by the
Hepatic Trematode,
551:
518:
457:
329:
292:
1282:
1172:
1033:
Smith H. J. (1978). "Parasites of red foxes in New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia".
912:
Axelson R. D. (1962). "Metorchis
Conjunctus Liver Fluke Infestation in a Cat".
963:
654:
602:
340:
is very short. The intestinal ceca vary from almost straight to sinuous. The
606:
514:
337:
283:
232:
137:
107:
77:
17:
926:
1198:
1017:
893:
1276:
1077:
1047:
647:
470:
235:
97:
1335:
1234:
639:
541:
492:
462:
333:
1003:) in a Canadian aboriginal population: a submerging human pathogen?"
478:
345:
243:
87:
1253:
1059:
Dick T. A & Leonard R. D. (1979). "Helminth parasites of fisher
1123:
Approaches to
Research on the Systematics of Fish-Borne Trematodes
610:
578:
752:
Price E. W. (1929). "Two new species of trematodes of the genus
685:
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference
643:
1322:
1257:
577:
The acute phase consists of upper abdominal pain and low-grade
344:
is slightly oval and weakly muscular. The male has an anterior
1240:
Eaton R. D. P. (1975). "Metorchiasis – A Canadian
Zoonosis".
448:
440:
439:
The definitive hosts are fish-eating mammals such as domestic
357:
328:
inch (6.4–9.5 mm). It has a weakly muscular terminal
1090:
Dennis J. Richardson; Peter J. Krause (6 December 2012).
513:), or bears. It can also infect humans. It lives in the
1216:(1944). "The morphology, taxonomy and life history of
1096:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 86.
787:, Cobbold, 1860: A Comparative Study in Carnivora".
1266:
871:Wobeser G., Runge W. & Stewart R. R. (1983). "
1117:
1115:
1113:
879:), with pancreatic involvement in two animals".
759:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
702:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
908:
906:
904:
902:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
246:that eat raw fish in North America. The first
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
695:Hung See-Lü (1926). "A new species of fluke,
585:are in blood. Also, higher concentrations of
262:This species was discovered and described by
8:
779:
777:
775:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
613:test for IgG antibodies against antigens of
308:is pear-shaped and flat. The body length is
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
1254:
673:in the liver. It sometimes causes chronic
42:
31:
1187:Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine
677:and fibrosis of the pancreas in wolves.
661:in wolves in Canada is 1–3%. In wolves,
620:Drugs used to treat infestation include
688:
355:The eggs are oval and yellowish brown.
1246:(National Health and Welfare, Canada)
1121:Waikagul J. & Thaekham U. (2014).
833:International Journal for Parasitology
699:, from the cat in the United States".
566:After ingestion of fish infected with
875:(Cobbold, 1860) infection in wolves (
254:and the second is a freshwater fish.
7:
1426:Taxa named by Thomas Spencer Cobbold
1145:, 2 pp., accessed 31 December 2015.
1142:"FLUKE, hermaphroditic, infection".
1063:(Erxleben) from Manitoba, Canada".
802:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1968.tb04678.x
396:The second intermediate host is a
25:
1093:North American Parasitic Zoonoses
1006:Canadian Journal of Public Health
790:Journal of Small Animal Practice
332:. No prepharynx is present. The
64:
536:in their stools, but they were
1:
976:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90342-6
1223:Canadian Journal of Research
1066:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1036:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
882:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
845:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.013
697:Parametorchis noveboracensis
609:analysis can be also used -
554:disease in humans caused by
194:Parametorchis noveboracensis
915:Canadian Veterinary Journal
756:from fur-bearing animals".
288:From Quebec to Saskatchewan
215:(Allen & Wardle, 1934)
51:Drawing of ventral view of
1442:
1173:10.1177/030098588101800608
362:Drawing of dorsal view of
336:is strongly muscular. The
213:Parametorchis manitobensis
581:. High concentrations of
199:Parametorchis intermedius
191:
184:
166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
1243:Epidemiological Bulletin
628:Effects on animal health
475:Urocyon cinereoargenteus
208:Parametorchis canadensis
593:Diagnosis and treatment
583:eosinophil granulocytes
525:Effects on human health
445:Canis lupus familiaris
367:
264:Thomas Spencer Cobbold
671:periductular fibrosis
547:Catostomus commersoni
421:Catostomus commersoni
409:Salvelinus fontinalis
403:Catostomus catostomus
361:
1297:Metorchis_conjunctus
1268:Metorchis conjunctus
1218:Metorchis conjunctus
1161:Veterinary Pathology
1156:Metorchis conjunctus
1001:Metorchis conjunctus
959:Metorchis conjunctus
873:Metorchis conjunctus
839:(11–12): 1233–1254.
785:Metorchis conjunctus
350:receptaculum seminis
295:, South Carolina, US
274:The distribution of
229:Canadian liver fluke
224:Metorchis conjunctus
170:Metorchis conjunctus
55:, scale bar is 1 mm
53:Metorchis conjunctus
36:Metorchis conjunctus
428:were also found in
366:, scale bar is 1 mm
1235:10.1139/cjr44d-002
667:cholangiohepatitis
497:Ondatra zibethicus
424:. Metacercaria of
368:
231:, is a species of
152:M. conjunctus
1408:
1407:
1370:Open Tree of Life
1260:Taxon identifiers
1103:978-1-4615-1123-6
970:(8995): 154–158.
572:incubation period
377:intermediate host
248:intermediate host
220:
219:
16:(Redirected from
1433:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1364:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1338:
1326:
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1313:
1312:
1300:
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1286:
1285:
1255:
1214:Cameron T. W. M.
1202:
1182:
1176:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1087:
1081:
1057:
1051:
1031:
1025:
997:
978:
955:
934:
910:
897:
869:
848:
828:
805:
781:
770:
750:
713:
693:
601:can be found by
415:Perca flavescens
390:Amnicola limosus
385:freshwater snail
327:
326:
322:
317:
316:
312:
252:freshwater snail
242:. It can infect
172:
69:
68:
46:
32:
27:Species of fluke
21:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
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1262:
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1183:
1179:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1061:Martes pennanti
1058:
1054:
1032:
1028:
998:
981:
956:
937:
921:(11): 359–360.
911:
900:
870:
851:
829:
808:
782:
773:
751:
716:
694:
690:
683:
630:
595:
564:
527:
510:Martes pennanti
505:Neovison vision
398:freshwater fish
373:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
302:
272:
260:
240:Opisthorchiidae
211:
206:
197:
180:
174:
168:
155:
128:Opisthorchiidae
98:Platyhelminthes
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1412:
1406:
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1402:
1389:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
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1272:
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1258:
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1251:
1238:
1209:
1208:External links
1206:
1204:
1203:
1177:
1167:(6): 778–785.
1147:
1135:
1127:Academic Press
1109:
1102:
1082:
1072:(3): 409–412.
1052:
1042:(3): 366–370.
1026:
979:
935:
898:
888:(4): 353–356.
849:
806:
771:
714:
687:
682:
679:
629:
626:
603:stool analysis
594:
591:
563:
560:
526:
523:
501:American minks
372:
369:
301:
298:
297:
296:
289:
286:
271:
268:
259:
256:
238:in the family
227:, common name
218:
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48:
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39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1438:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:Plagiorchiida
1419:
1418:
1416:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
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1192:
1189:
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1170:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1151:
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1132:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1116:
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1110:
1105:
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1079:
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1068:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
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1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
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1007:
1002:
996:
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992:
990:
988:
986:
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977:
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936:
932:
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764:
761:
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754:Parametorchis
749:
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741:
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703:
698:
692:
689:
686:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:M. conjunctus
660:
659:M. conjunctus
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:M. conjunctus
633:
627:
625:
623:
618:
616:
615:M. conjunctus
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:M. conjunctus
592:
590:
588:
587:liver enzymes
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:M. conjunctus
561:
559:
557:
556:M. conjunctus
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
534:M. conjunctus
531:
530:M. conjunctus
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
488:Procyon lotor
485:), raccoons (
484:
483:Canis latrans
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:Vulpes vulpes
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
430:northern pike
427:
426:M. conjunctus
423:
422:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
404:
399:
394:
392:
391:
386:
382:
381:M. conjunctus
378:
370:
365:
364:M. conjunctus
360:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
307:
306:M. conjunctus
299:
294:
290:
287:
285:
281:
280:
279:
277:
276:M. conjunctus
269:
267:
265:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
225:
216:
214:
210:(Price, 1929)
209:
204:
200:
195:
190:
187:
183:
178:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Plagiorchiida
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1193:(1): 25–32.
1190:
1185:
1180:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1138:
1122:
1092:
1085:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1009:
1004:
1000:
967:
962:
958:
918:
913:
885:
880:
876:
872:
836:
831:
793:
788:
784:
762:
757:
753:
705:
700:
696:
691:
684:
675:inflammation
662:
658:
652:
635:
634:
631:
622:praziquantel
619:
614:
598:
596:
576:
567:
565:
555:
545:
538:asymptomatic
533:
529:
528:
508:
507:), fishers (
504:
496:
486:
482:
474:
466:
456:
452:
447:), domestic
444:
438:
433:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
388:
380:
374:
363:
354:
305:
304:The body of
303:
275:
273:
270:Distribution
261:
228:
223:
222:
221:
212:
207:
198:
196:(Hung, 1926)
193:
192:
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
52:
35:
29:
18:Metorchiasis
1129:, 130 pp.,
1012:: 258–259.
877:Canis lupus
552:symptomatic
519:gallbladder
517:and in the
458:Canis lupus
455:), wolves (
453:Felis catus
434:Esox lucius
330:oral sucker
300:Description
293:Connecticut
1415:Categories
1158:in cats".
964:The Lancet
796:(1): 1–6.
681:References
655:prevalence
648:gray foxes
471:gray foxes
375:The first
342:acetabulum
278:includes:
1133:–7.
769:–5.
712:–2.
607:Serologic
544:from raw
515:bile duct
463:red foxes
371:Lifecycle
338:esophagus
284:Greenland
266:in 1860.
233:trematode
146:Species:
139:Metorchis
108:Trematoda
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
1349:11058272
1283:Q5032083
1277:Wikidata
1250:: 62–68.
1229:: 6–16.
927:17421548
765:(2809):
708:(2627):
640:raccoons
597:Eggs of
562:Symptoms
493:muskrats
258:Taxonomy
236:parasite
186:Synonyms
124:Family:
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
1398:1330261
1375:3666107
1336:2505603
1199:4265550
1018:9735521
894:6644936
665:causes
542:Sashimi
479:coyotes
334:pharynx
323:⁄
313:⁄
291:Maine,
244:mammals
205:, 1929)
177:Cobbold
134:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
1385:495660
1382:uBio:
1323:479261
1197:
1131:page 6
1100:
1078:574167
1076:
1048:691132
1046:
1016:
925:
892:
646:, and
346:testis
179:, 1860
1393:WoRMS
1362:57100
1344:IRMNG
1310:7VTWB
669:with
644:minks
611:ELISA
579:fever
418:, or
383:is a
282:East
250:is a
203:Price
1357:ITIS
1331:GBIF
1195:PMID
1098:ISBN
1074:PMID
1044:PMID
1014:PMID
923:PMID
890:PMID
653:The
449:cats
441:dogs
1318:EoL
1305:CoL
1292:ADW
1231:doi
1220:".
1169:doi
1022:PDF
972:doi
968:347
961:".
931:PDF
841:doi
798:doi
657:of
650:.
574:).
499:),
491:),
477:),
469:),
461:),
436:).
379:of
1417::
1395::
1372::
1359::
1346::
1333::
1320::
1307::
1294::
1279::
1248:19
1227:22
1191:37
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