1069:(NMR) is the most applied tool in the study of metal sandwich compounds and organometallic species, giving information on nuclear structures in solution, as liquids, gases, and in the solid state. H NMR chemical shifts for paramagnetic organotransition-metal compounds is usually observed between 25 and 40 ppm, but this range is much more narrow for diamagnetic metallocene complexes, with chemical shifts usually observed between 3 and 7 ppm.
278:
739:. Industrially, sublimation is not practical so metallocenes are isolated by crystallization or produced as part of a hydrocarbon solution. For Group IV metallocenes, donor solvents like ether or THF are distinctly undesirable for polyolefin catalysis. Charge-neutral metallocenes are soluble in common organic solvents. Alkyl substitution on the metallocene increases the solubility in hydrocarbon solvents.
1181:
20:
172:
908:
spectroscopies have proved to be important in the analysis of cyclic polyenyl metal sandwich species, with particular use in elucidating covalent or ionic Mâring bonds and distinguishing between central and coordinated rings. Some typical spectral bands and assignments of iron group metallocenes are
1080:
of metallocene complexes has been very well studied and the effect of the metal on the fragmentation of the organic moiety has received considerable attention and the identification of metal-containing fragments is often facilitated by the
596:
This technique provides using metal atoms in the gas phase rather than the solid metal. The highly reactive atoms or molecules are generated at a high temperature under vacuum and brought together with chosen reactants on a cold surface.
869:. Crystals of ferrocene and osmocene exhibit eclipsed conformations at low temperatures, whereas in the related bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes the rings usually crystallize in a staggered conformation, apparently to minimize
508:
Sodium cyclopentadienide (NaCp) is the preferred reagent for these types of reactions. It is most easily obtained by the reaction of molten sodium and dicyclopentadiene. Traditionally, the starting point is the cracking of
378:
In contrast to the more strict definition proposed by
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which requires a d-block metal and a sandwich structure, the term metallocene and thus the denotation
3580:
1232:, the blue iron(III) complex derived from oxidation of orange iron(II) ferrocene. The lithocene anion, , is the best-documented example of a metallocene anion; otherwise such ions are little known.
1843:
Kuo, L. Y.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; Sabat, M.; Marks, T. J.; Marks, Tobin J. (1991). "Metallocene antitumor agents. Solution and solid-state molybdenocene coordination chemistry of DNA constituents".
735:
Metallocenes generally have high thermal stability. Ferrocene can be sublimed in air at over 100 °C with no decomposition; metallocenes are generally purified in the laboratory by vacuum
2209:
3568:
1145:
derivatives: in the solid state biruthenocene is disordered and adopts the transoid conformation with the mutual orientation of Cp rings depending on the intermolecular interactions.
3045:
1135:
properties. Upon one-electron oxidation of a compound with two or more equivalent ferrocene moieties, the electron vacancy could be localized on one ferrocene unit or completely
2776:
2813:
329:
2317:
2663:
231:
in 1973 for their work on sandwich compounds, including the structural determination of ferrocene. They determined that the carbon atoms of the cyclopentadienyl (Cp)
2843:
1549:
E (E= S, Se, Te) and the crystal structures of hexakis(methylcyclopentadienyl)sulfidodiuranium and tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)(triphenylphosphine oxide)uranium".
2880:
1099:
After the discovery of ferrocene, the synthesis and characterization of derivatives of metallocene and other sandwich compounds attracted researchersâ interests.
1545:
Brennan, J. G.; Andersen, R. A.; Zalkin, A. (1986). "Chemistry of trivalent uranium metallocenes: Electron-transfer reactions. Synthesis and characterization of
3259:
1110:
feature linking of the cyclopentadienyl or polyarenyl rings by the introduction of one or more heteroannular bridges. Some of these compounds undergo thermal
3544:
3679:
3291:
2899:
3038:
2970:
2694:
1999:
2042:
3396:
3274:
3209:
2835:
1739:
Werner, Helmut; Salzer, Albrecht (1972-01-01). "Die
Synthese Eines Ersten Doppel-Sandwich-Komplexes: Das Dinickeltricyclopentadienyl-Kation".
1188:
Triple-decker complexes are composed of three Cp anions and two metal cations in alternating order. The first triple-decker sandwich complex,
3942:
2643:
2514:
1943:
1085:
distribution of the metal. The three major fragments observed in mass spectrometry are the molecular ion peak, , and fragment ions, and M.
3031:
2949:
2800:
2721:
2668:
2310:
2057:
2686:
2638:
3139:
2961:
2916:
2872:
2856:
2658:
2625:
2615:
2502:
2149:
1605:
3414:
3002:
2911:
2768:
2567:
183:, and was discovered simultaneously in 1951 by Kealy and Pauson, and Miller et al. Kealy and Pauson were attempting to synthesize
155:. In the structure shown at right, the two pentagons are the cyclopentadienyl anions with circles inside them indicating they are
3601:
3431:
2864:
2827:
2822:
2788:
2630:
2579:
2544:
2527:
2519:
2455:
2395:
2184:
2179:
2144:
865:
rotamers. For non-substituted metallocenes the energy difference between the staggered and eclipsed conformations is only a few
3385:
2673:
2446:
2434:
2405:
2400:
2303:
2194:
2189:
2174:
1155:
derivatives: vanadocene complexes have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of heterobimetallic complexes. The 18
2077:
108:
properties, although metallocenes are rarely used industrially. Cationic group 4 metallocene derivatives related to catalyze
2749:
2653:
2607:
2490:
2410:
2364:
2199:
1924:
1282:
Metallocene dihalides (M = Ti, Mo, Nb) exhibit anti-tumor properties, although none have proceeded far in clinical trials.
336:
and two cyclopentadienyl ligands coordinated in a sandwich structure, i.e., the two cyclopentadienyl anions are on parallel
262:
Fischer et al. first prepared the ferrocene derivatives involving Co and Ni. Often derived from substituted derivatives of
2422:
1992:
414:
have been reported where there are three cyclopentadienyl ligands for a monometallic complex, all three of them bound Ρ.
2941:
2763:
2477:
3168:
2250:
1816:
Harder, Sjoerd; Prosenc, Marc
Heinrich (16 September 1994). "The Simplest Metallocene Sandwich: the Lithocene Anion".
1111:
2255:
1621:
Panda, T. K.; Gamer, M. T.; Roesky, P. W. (2003). "An
Improved Synthesis of Sodium and Potassium Cyclopentadienide".
1275:
has been discussed for determining the levels of glucose in a sample electrochemically through a series of connected
109:
1066:
662:
3620:
3320:
3086:
2067:
116:
3725:
3198:
3126:
2925:
2485:
2340:
2139:
2103:
2008:
1985:
666:
323:
228:
3023:
269:
One of the very earliest commercial manufacturers of metallocenes was
Arapahoe Chemicals in Boulder, Colorado
1451:[On the crystal structure of the di-cyclopentadienyl compounds of divalent iron, cobalt and nickel].
3216:
2713:
736:
3533:
3487:
2808:
2620:
2284:
2169:
1482:
Chirik, Paul J. (2010). "Group 4 Transition Metal
Sandwich Complexes: Still Fresh after Almost 60 Years".
862:
480:
289:
188:
160:
48:
3999:
3521:
3263:
3227:
3186:
3097:
2648:
2204:
1449:"Zur Kristallstruktur der Di-Cyclopentadienyl-Verbindungen des zweiwertigen Eisens, Kobalts und Nickels"
1334:
1241:
901:
858:
751:
involves the variation of the M-C bonds, which elongate as the valence electron count deviates from 18.
681:
396:
101:
97:
3499:
1257:
1107:
3664:
3509:
3358:
2599:
2326:
2159:
2022:
1788:
1379:
281:
2989:
3007:
2279:
2098:
2072:
2027:
1712:
1305:
1132:
3012:
513:, the dimer of cyclopentadiene. Cyclopentadiene is deprotonated by strong bases or alkali metals.
2994:
2740:
2345:
2093:
2047:
1957:
1911:
1899:
1676:
1648:
1444:
1395:
1330:
905:
866:
224:
220:
24:
1249:
1245:
1114:
to give soluble high molecular weight polymers with transition metals in the polymer backbone.
277:
3105:
3055:
2274:
2245:
2235:
2164:
1939:
1920:
1845:
1756:
1657:
1601:
1527:
1453:
1339:
1164:
1119:
1094:
1077:
854:
510:
384:
357:
263:
152:
258:
dicyclopentadienyl compounds is known as metallocenes. Metallocenes have the general formula
2240:
2134:
2037:
2032:
1953:
1889:
1881:
1853:
1825:
1796:
1748:
1720:
1666:
1630:
1559:
1519:
1491:
1462:
1426:
1387:
1370:
1347:
1291:
1248:
catalysts, metallocene catalysts are homogeneous. Early metal metallocene derivatives, e.g.
1168:
1156:
1115:
485:
372:
337:
333:
255:
73:
36:
665:. It reacts with metal halides to give thallium chloride, which is poorly soluble, and the
211:
with iron in the presence of aluminum, potassium, or molybdenum oxides. The structure of "C
3238:
3070:
2113:
2108:
1597:
1253:
914:
208:
77:
348:", the equivalent bonding of all 5 carbon atoms of a cyclopentadienyl ring is denoted as
1792:
1694:
Flower, K. R.; Hitchcock, P. B. (1996). "Crystal and molecular structure of chromocene (
1383:
383:, is applied in the chemical literature also to non-transition metal compounds, such as
375:
is between the Cp groups. For example, in ferrocene, iron(II), ferrous iron is present.
2758:
2472:
2230:
2129:
2052:
1932:
1780:
661:
A variety of reagents have been developed that transfer Cp to metals. Once popular was
1416:
Miller, S. A.; Tebboth, J. A.; Tremaine, J. F. (1952). "114. Dicyclopentadienyliron".
500:
Three main routes are normally employed in the formation of these types of compounds:
3993:
2467:
2372:
2225:
1724:
1680:
1418:
870:
1903:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3883:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3826:
3656:
1551:
1399:
1059:
874:
685:
1200:, was reported in 1972. Many examples have been reported subsequently, often with
1180:
3560:
3423:
3406:
3335:
3304:
3131:
1300:
1269:
1213:
1142:
1136:
930:
392:
341:
156:
688:; in this case, the formal deprotonation of the cyclopentadiene is followed by
391:
Ba), or structures where the aromatic rings are not parallel, such as found in
3730:
3625:
3283:
3251:
3178:
1752:
1148:
677:
235:
contributed equally to the bonding and that bonding occurred due to the metal
141:
1760:
1531:
3776:
3708:
3691:
3593:
3471:
3312:
2266:
2062:
1894:
1876:
1272:
1201:
1152:
924:
853:
M, the cyclopentadienyl rings rotate with very low barriers. Single crystal
697:
353:
345:
297:
254:
of the Cp ligands. This complex is now known as ferrocene, and the group of
250:
237:
184:
180:
145:
105:
1977:
1829:
1131:
Ferrocene derivatives: biferrocenophanes have been studied for their mixed
1671:
1652:
1467:
1448:
1368:
Kealy, T. J.; Pauson, P. L. (1951). "A New Type of Organo-Iron
Compound".
96:
Closely related to the metallocenes are the metallocene derivatives, e.g.
3834:
3700:
2295:
1430:
936:
693:
411:
285:
244:
1857:
1563:
1523:
1351:
464:
Only one Cp ligand with additional ligands, L ('piano-stool' structure)
434:)âmetal complexes and they can be classified by the following formulas:
19:
3926:
1082:
361:
1801:
1775:
1634:
1495:
1391:
1240:
Many derivatives of early metal metallocenes are active catalysts for
171:
1877:"Nomenclature of Organometallic Compounds of the Transition Elements"
232:
1276:
689:
1741:
Synthesis and
Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
1510:
ARAPAHOE CHEMICALS, INC (1962-11-01). "Arapahoe
Chemicals, Inc".
151:
Metallocenes are a subset of a broader class of compounds called
3027:
2299:
1981:
1167:
immediately at room temperature and they have been observed in
670:
897:
Vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectroscopy of metallocenes
588:
NaCp acts as a reducing agent and a ligand in this reaction.
1729:
Discusses all metallocene structures available at that time.
650:
632:
543:
292:. The purple ball in the middle represents the metal cation.
684:
by direct reaction with cyclopentadiene in the presence of
2210:
Arene complexes of univalent gallium, indium, and thallium
352:, pronounced "pentahapto". There are exceptions, such as
1655:[Cyclopentadienylchromium tricarbonyl hydride].
1260:
are useful in specialized organic synthetic operations.
1118:
are derivatives of metallocenes with an intramolecular
1337:(1952). "The Structure of Iron Bis-Cyclopentadienyl".
1244:. Unlike traditional and still dominant heterogeneous
1916:
1159:
ions are very stable, unlike the neutral monomers Cp
140:, abbreviated cot), namely the lanthanocenes and the
104:. Certain metallocenes and their derivatives exhibit
266:, metallocenes of many elements have been prepared.
2982:
2892:
2733:
2706:
2592:
2560:
2388:
2357:
2333:
2264:
2218:
2122:
2086:
2015:
470:Cp-based complexes can also be classified by type:
457:Bent or tilted Cp rings with additional ligands, L
1931:
1818:Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
207:reported the same iron product from a reaction of
330:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
1653:"Cyclopentadienyl-Chrom-Tricarbonyl-Wasserstoff"
1594:Metallocenes: Introduction to Sandwich Complexes
504:Using a metal salt and cyclopentadienyl reagents
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1363:
1361:
1325:
1323:
1321:
545:(M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co; solvent = THF, DME, NH
3039:
2311:
1993:
1938:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
1411:
1409:
1126:Polynuclear and heterobimetallic metallocenes
296:The general name metallocene is derived from
8:
450:Symmetrical, classical 'sandwich' structure
367:In metallocene names, the prefix before the
115:Some metallocenes consist of metal plus two
1930:Miessler, Gary L.; Tarr, Donald A. (2004).
288:where the cyclopentadienyl anions are in a
179:The first metallocene to be classified was
3046:
3032:
3024:
2318:
2304:
2296:
2094:Oxidative addition / reductive elimination
2000:
1986:
1978:
344:and strengths. Using the nomenclature of "
47:is a compound typically consisting of two
1893:
1800:
1670:
1466:
2043:Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory
1227:
1223:
1219:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1122:between the two cyclopentadienyl rings.
911:
753:
676:Many other methods have been developed.
436:
276:
170:
18:
3054:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
1317:
673:derivatives of Cp have also been used.
80:II, with the resulting general formula
3076:
1964:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 626â7.
16:Type of compound having a metal center
3815:
1184:Nickel triple-decker sandwich complex
747:A structural trend for the series MCp
332:definition, a metallocene contains a
159:stabilized. Here they are shown in a
7:
3066:
2150:Transition metal fullerene complexes
1969:Togni, A.; Halterman, R. L. (1998).
195:but obtained instead the substance C
1918:(4th ed.). Wiley-Interscience.
2185:Transition metal carbyne complexes
2180:Transition metal carbene complexes
2145:Transition metal indenyl complexes
227:et al. These two were awarded the
14:
2195:Transition metal alkyne complexes
2190:Transition metal alkene complexes
1333:; Rosenblum, M.; Whiting, M. C.;
1073:Mass spectrometry of metallocenes
592:Using a metal and cyclopentadiene
2200:Transition-metal allyl complexes
2175:Transition metal acyl complexes
1176:Multi-decker sandwich compounds
657:Using cyclopentadienyl reagents
909:shown in the following table:
841:In metallocenes of the type (C
410:Some metallocene complexes of
1:
72:, abbreviated Cp) bound to a
1776:"Boron clusters come of age"
1725:10.1016/0022-328X(95)05747-D
1112:ring-opening polymerizations
828:
817:
806:
795:
784:
692:of the resulting protons to
203:Fe At the same time, Miller
2251:Shell higher olefin process
2058:DewarâChattâDuncanson model
1212:The most famous example is
187:through the oxidation of a
4016:
3817:
2140:Cyclopentadienyl complexes
2104:β-hydride elimination
2078:Metalâligand multiple bond
1092:
1067:Nuclear magnetic resonance
663:thallium cyclopentadienide
117:cyclooctatetraenide anions
3078:
3063:
2205:Transition metal carbides
1753:10.1080/00945717208069606
316:Fe, systematically named
2009:Organometallic chemistry
913:Spectral frequencies of
881:Spectroscopic properties
667:cyclopentadienyl complex
491:More than two Cp ligands
229:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
191:salt with anhydrous FeCl
2170:Half sandwich compounds
1895:10.1351/pac199971081557
780:Valence electron count
49:cyclopentadienyl anions
2327:Coordination complexes
2285:Bioinorganic chemistry
1830:10.1002/anie.199417441
1774:Grimes, R. N. (2004).
1264:Potential applications
1202:boron-containing rings
1185:
696:gas, facilitating the
481:Half-sandwich compound
371:ending indicates what
293:
290:staggered conformation
219:Fe" was determined by
176:
161:staggered conformation
40:
2256:ZieglerâNatta process
2160:Metal tetranorbornyls
1869:Additional references
1672:10.1515/znb-1955-0303
1651:; Hafner, W. (1955).
1468:10.1515/znb-1952-0701
1242:olefin polymerization
1183:
1000:CâH out-of-plane bend
700:of the metal centre.
682:chromium hexacarbonyl
680:can be prepared from
397:titanocene dichloride
280:
174:
110:olefin polymerization
102:vanadocene dichloride
98:titanocene dichloride
22:
2265:Related branches of
2023:Crystal field theory
1592:Long, N. J. (1998).
1512:Analytical Chemistry
1431:10.1039/JR9520000632
857:studies reveal both
360:rings sandwiching a
282:Ball-and-stick model
2280:Inorganic chemistry
2099:Migratory insertion
2073:Agostic interaction
2028:Ligand field theory
1962:Inorganic Chemistry
1934:Inorganic Chemistry
1912:Crabtree, Robert H.
1875:Salzer, A. (1999).
1858:10.1021/ja00024a002
1793:2004JChEd..81..657G
1713:J. Organomet. Chem.
1564:10.1021/ic00231a008
1524:10.1021/ac60192a828
1447:; Pfab, W. (1952).
1384:1951Natur.168.1039K
1352:10.1021/ja01128a527
1306:f-block metallocene
918:
2165:Sandwich compounds
2123:Types of compounds
2048:Isolobal principle
1258:Schwartz's reagent
1208:Metallocenium ions
1186:
912:
294:
225:Ernst Otto Fischer
221:Geoffrey Wilkinson
177:
153:sandwich compounds
76:center (M) in the
41:
25:chemical structure
3987:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3056:cyclopentadienide
3021:
3020:
2293:
2292:
2275:Organic chemistry
2246:Olefin metathesis
2236:Grignard reaction
2135:Grignard reagents
1945:978-0-13-035471-6
1852:(24): 9027â9045.
1846:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1824:(17): 1744-1746.
1802:10.1021/ed081p657
1658:Z. Naturforsch. B
1635:10.1021/om0207865
1558:(11): 1761â1765.
1496:10.1021/om100016p
1454:Z. Naturforsch. B
1392:10.1038/1681039b0
1340:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1116:Ansa-metallocenes
1108:Metallocenophanes
1103:Metallocenophanes
1095:Sandwich compound
1078:Mass spectrometry
1055:
1054:
855:X-ray diffraction
839:
838:
511:dicyclopentadiene
468:
467:
358:cyclooctatetraene
328:According to the
284:of a metallocene
264:cyclopentadienide
4007:
3067:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3025:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2297:
2241:Monsanto process
2038:d electron count
2033:18-electron rule
2002:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1974:
1965:
1949:
1937:
1919:
1907:
1897:
1888:(8): 1557â1585.
1882:Pure Appl. Chem.
1862:
1861:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1719:(1â2): 275â277.
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1589:
1568:
1567:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1490:(7): 1500â1517.
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1346:(8): 2125â2126.
1327:
1231:
1199:
1169:matrix isolation
1157:valence electron
972:Ring deformation
919:
893:
892:
888:
871:steric hindrance
754:
651:
633:
626:
625:
621:
575:
574:
570:
544:
541:M + 2 NaCl
486:Bent metallocene
437:
422:There are many (
373:metallic element
356:, which has two
334:transition metal
327:
324:cyclopentadienyl
261:
256:transition metal
253:
247:
240:
189:cyclopentadienyl
139:
138:
137:
129:
128:
95:
71:
70:
69:
61:
60:
31:compound, where
4015:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3946:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3887:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3780:
3734:
3712:
3704:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3629:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3429:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3172:
3137:
3135:
3113:
3109:
3059:
3052:
3022:
3017:
2998:
2978:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2907:
2903:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2817:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2753:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2702:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2634:
2611:
2603:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2523:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2481:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2353:
2349:
2329:
2324:
2294:
2289:
2260:
2214:
2130:Gilman reagents
2118:
2114:Carbometalation
2109:Transmetalation
2082:
2011:
2006:
1968:
1952:
1946:
1929:
1910:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1623:Organometallics
1620:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1598:Wiley-Blackwell
1591:
1590:
1571:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1484:Organometallics
1481:
1480:
1476:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1335:Woodward, R. B.
1329:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1288:
1266:
1254:Petasis reagent
1250:Tebbe's reagent
1238:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1178:
1162:
1128:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1075:
1064:
1062:of metallocenes
986:CâH deformation
899:
894:
890:
886:
884:
883:
852:
848:
844:
776:
768:
764:
760:
750:
745:
731:
728:+ 6 CO + H
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
659:
649:
648:
644:
640:
634:(M = Li, Na, K)
631:
630:
623:
619:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
584:" + 3 NaCl
583:
579:
572:
568:
567:
565:
561:
557:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
506:
498:
433:
429:
420:
406:
402:
390:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
275:
259:
249:
242:
236:
218:
214:
209:cyclopentadiene
202:
198:
194:
169:
136:
133:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
120:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:oxidation state
68:
65:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
54:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4013:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2983:Halide donors:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Cativa process
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1966:
1950:
1944:
1927:
1908:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1835:
1808:
1787:(5): 657â672.
1781:J. Chem. Educ.
1766:
1747:(3): 239â248.
1731:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1686:
1665:(3): 140â143.
1649:Fischer, E. O.
1640:
1613:
1607:978-0632041626
1606:
1569:
1546:
1537:
1501:
1474:
1461:(7): 377â379.
1445:Fischer, E. O.
1436:
1405:
1378:(4285): 1039.
1357:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1268:The ferrocene/
1265:
1262:
1237:
1234:
1209:
1206:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1160:
1146:
1140:
1127:
1124:
1104:
1101:
1093:Main article:
1090:
1087:
1074:
1071:
1063:
1058:NMR (H and C)
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:Mâring stretch
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
940:
934:
928:
922:
898:
895:
882:
879:
850:
846:
842:
837:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
793:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
774:
769:
766:
762:
758:
748:
744:
741:
733:
732:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
658:
655:
654:
653:
646:
642:
638:
635:
628:
614:
610:
606:
602:
593:
590:
586:
585:
581:
577:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
546:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
505:
502:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
483:
478:
475:
466:
465:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
431:
427:
419:
418:Classification
416:
404:
400:
388:
313:
309:
305:
301:
274:
271:
223:et al. and by
216:
212:
200:
196:
192:
168:
165:
134:
125:
91:
87:
83:
66:
57:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4012:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3578:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3383:
3356:
3333:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3225:
3214:
3207:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2960:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2924:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Carbonylation
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Ď backbonding
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:Wilkinson, G.
1955:
1954:Cotton, F. A.
1951:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1661:(in German).
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:J. Chem. Soc.
1412:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1331:Wilkinson, G.
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:ZieglerâNatta
1243:
1235:
1233:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
921:
920:
917:metallocenes
916:
910:
907:
903:
896:
889:
880:
878:
876:
875:methyl groups
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
834:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
779:
773:
770:
756:
755:
752:
742:
740:
738:
703:
702:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
656:
636:
600:
599:
598:
591:
589:
553:
552:
516:
515:
514:
512:
503:
501:
495:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
473:
472:
471:
463:
461:
460:
456:
454:
453:
449:
447:
446:
442:
439:
438:
435:
425:
417:
415:
413:
408:
398:
394:
386:
382:
376:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
325:
321:
299:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:
270:
267:
265:
257:
252:
246:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
210:
206:
190:
186:
182:
173:
166:
164:
162:
158:
154:
149:
148:and others).
147:
143:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
79:
75:
50:
46:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
4000:Metallocenes
3567:
3532:
3498:
3430:
3413:
3319:
3290:
3258:
3197:
3138:
2972:
2695:
2532:
2219:Applications
2155:Metallocenes
2154:
1973:. Wiley-VCH.
1971:Metallocenes
1970:
1961:
1933:
1915:
1885:
1880:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1716:
1711:
1695:
1689:
1662:
1656:
1643:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1593:
1555:
1552:Inorg. Chem.
1550:
1540:
1518:(12): 122A.
1515:
1511:
1504:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1458:
1452:
1439:
1422:
1417:
1375:
1369:
1343:
1338:
1293:
1281:
1267:
1239:
1236:Applications
1211:
1187:
1106:
1098:
1076:
1065:
1060:spectroscopy
900:
873:between the
840:
771:
746:
734:
686:diethylamine
675:
660:
652:(M = Mg, Fe)
637:M + 2 C
595:
587:
558:+ 3 NaC
521:+ 2 NaC
507:
499:
477:Multi-decker
469:
443:Description
423:
421:
409:
380:
377:
368:
366:
349:
342:bond lengths
319:
295:
268:
204:
178:
157:aromatically
150:
114:
44:
42:
32:
28:
2068:spin states
1425:: 632â635.
1301:Actinocenes
1270:ferrocenium
1214:ferrocenium
1143:Ruthenocene
1137:delocalized
1089:Derivatives
1042:Mâring bend
958:CâC stretch
944:CâH stretch
931:Ruthenocene
737:sublimation
393:manganocene
340:with equal
142:actinocenes
45:metallocene
29:metallocene
3581:RuCp(MeCN)
2644:amino acid
2561:Si donors:
2016:Principles
1925:0470257628
1629:(4): 877.
1596:. London:
1312:References
1149:Vanadocene
708:+ 2 C
678:Chromocene
669:. Trialkyl
326:)iron(II).
273:Definition
251:p-orbitals
238:d-orbitals
3545:(MoCp(CO)
3292:(CrCp(CO)
2893:S donors:
2734:O donors:
2707:P donors:
2669:porphyrin
2616:imidazole
2593:N donors:
2389:C donors:
2358:B donors:
2334:H donors:
2267:chemistry
2087:Reactions
2063:Hapticity
1761:0094-5714
1681:209650632
1532:0003-2700
1273:biosensor
1218:[Fe(C
1163:Rh which
1153:rhodocene
1014:Ring tilt
925:Ferrocene
863:staggered
743:Structure
698:oxidation
690:reduction
496:Synthesis
488:or tilted
412:actinides
354:uranocene
346:hapticity
298:ferrocene
245:electrons
185:fulvalene
181:ferrocene
175:Ferrocene
146:uranocene
106:catalytic
3994:Category
3680:(WCp(CO)
3569:RuCp(PPh
3415:CoCp(CO)
3397:FeCp(CO)
1960:(1988).
1914:(2005).
1904:14367196
1286:See also
1279:cycles.
1165:dimerize
937:Osmocene
902:Infrared
859:eclipsed
694:hydrogen
576: "C
474:Parallel
385:barocene
312:Fe or Cp
286:molecule
241:and the
23:General
3818:
3275:VCp(CO)
2507:& C
1789:Bibcode
1400:4181383
1380:Bibcode
1292:Jemmis
1190:[Ni
1133:valence
1083:isotope
915:group 8
627: H
622:⁄
571:⁄
440:Formula
362:uranium
248:in the
167:History
3602:PdCp(C
3432:NiCpNO
3321:Fe(Ρ-C
3210:TiCpCl
3140:MgCpBr
2415:ďźCH-CH
1942:
1923:
1902:
1759:
1679:
1604:
1530:
1398:
1371:Nature
1256:, and
1120:bridge
885:": -->
867:kJ/mol
716:â Cr(C
704:Cr(CO)
645:â + H
381:-ocene
369:-ocene
364:atom.
338:planes
233:ligand
39:cation
3344:)Fe(C
3260:VCpCh
3199:(TiCp
2406:HC(O)
2401:RC(O)
1900:S2CID
1710:Cr".
1677:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1296:rules
1277:redox
981:1096
967:1405
953:3095
939:(cm)
906:Raman
821:218.5
810:215.1
799:209.6
788:203.3
601:M + C
566:â +
205:et al
74:metal
37:metal
35:is a
27:of a
3932:ThCp
3927:ThCp
3911:YbCp
3903:TmCp
3895:ErCp
3884:DyCp
3867:SmCp
3859:PmCp
3851:NdCp
3843:PrCp
3835:CeCp
3827:LaCp
3777:HsCp
3731:PbCp
3726:TlCp
3709:IrCp
3701:OsCp
3692:ReCp
3665:HfCp
3657:LuCp
3626:SnCp
3621:InCp
3594:RhCp
3561:RuCp
3534:MoCp
3522:MoCp
3510:NbCp
3500:ZrCp
3488:ZrCp
3424:NiCp
3407:CoCp
3386:FeCp
3313:FeCp
3305:MnCp
3284:CrCp
3239:TiCp
3232:(CO)
3228:TiCp
3217:TiCp
3187:TiCp
3179:ScCp
3169:CaCp
3132:MgCp
3127:NaCp
3098:CpMe
3087:LiCp
2809:acac
2781:/HCO
2664:bipy
2423:C(CH
1940:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1757:ISSN
1602:ISBN
1528:ISSN
1423:1952
1151:and
1037:353
1023:428
1009:819
995:995
992:1002
989:1002
978:1103
975:1108
964:1413
961:1411
950:3100
947:3085
933:(cm)
927:(cm)
904:and
887:edit
777:(pm)
609:â MC
554:CrCl
529:â (C
403:TiCl
318:bis(
300:, (C
3977:No
3974:Md
3971:Fm
3968:Es
3965:Cf
3962:Bk
3959:Cm
3956:Am
3953:Pu
3950:Np
3943:UCp
3939:Pa
3923:Ac
3920:**
3891:Ho
3880:Tb
3877:Gd
3874:Eu
3811:Og
3808:Ts
3805:Lv
3802:Mc
3799:Fl
3796:Nh
3793:Cn
3790:Rg
3787:Ds
3784:Mt
3773:Bh
3770:Sg
3767:Db
3764:Rf
3761:Lr
3758:**
3755:Ra
3752:Fr
3747:Rn
3744:At
3741:Po
3738:Bi
3722:Hg
3719:Au
3716:Pt
3676:Ta
3650:Ba
3647:Cs
3642:Xe
3636:Te
3633:Sb
3617:Cd
3614:Ag
3557:Tc
3504:ClH
3472:Y(C
3466:Sr
3463:Rb
3458:Kr
3455:Br
3452:Se
3449:As
3446:Ge
3443:Ga
3440:Zn
3437:Cu
3336:((C
3329:Li)
3264:VCp
3252:VCp
3203:Cl)
3160:Ar
3157:Cl
3148:Si
3145:Al
3121:Ne
3091:Be
3081:He
3071:CpH
3058:ion
2904:NCS
2881:OPR
2857:OSR
2836:ClO
2823:ONO
2801:RCO
2678:Si)
2674:(Me
2659:RCN
2626:RNO
2574:4ân
2572:SiR
2528:âĄCR
2520:=CR
2515:RNC
2439:ďźCH
1890:doi
1854:doi
1850:113
1826:doi
1797:doi
1749:doi
1721:doi
1717:507
1667:doi
1631:doi
1560:doi
1520:doi
1492:doi
1463:doi
1427:doi
1388:doi
1376:168
1348:doi
1294:mno
1048:185
1045:170
1034:446
1031:478
1020:528
1017:492
1006:806
1003:811
861:or
835:15
832:226
824:20
813:16
802:19
791:18
775:MâC
757:M(C
671:tin
517:MCl
407:).
399:(Cp
395:or
387:(Cp
100:or
3996::
3823:*
3669:Cl
3653:*
3639:I
3585:PF
3577:Cl
3538:Cl
3514:Cl
3492:Cl
3390:PF
3379:Fe
3367:-C
3359:(C
3352:))
3268:Cl
3243:Me
3191:Cl
3165:K
3154:S
3151:P
3118:F
3102:N
3094:B
3008:Br
3003:Cl
2971:NC
2962:SR
2942:SO
2912:RS
2873:PO
2865:SO
2852:NO
2828:NO
2818:CO
2777:CO
2759:RO
2722:PR
2714:PR
2698:CS
2654:RN
2639:py
2631:NO
2621:NO
2600:NH
2584:Si
2509:70
2505:60
2478:CO
2473:CO
2468:CN
2447:RC
2435:CH
2411:CH
2365:BR
1956:;
1898:.
1886:71
1879:.
1822:33
1820:.
1795:.
1785:81
1778:.
1755:.
1743:.
1698:-C
1675:.
1663:10
1627:22
1625:.
1600:.
1572:^
1556:25
1526:.
1516:34
1514:.
1488:29
1486:.
1457:.
1408:^
1394:.
1386:.
1374:.
1360:^
1344:74
1320:^
1252:,
1216:,
1204:.
1194:Cp
1051:â
877:.
818:Ni
807:Cr
796:Co
785:Fe
617:+
582:10
578:10
426:-C
243:Ď-
217:10
213:10
201:10
197:10
163:.
112:.
94:M.
82:(C
43:A
3945:4
3934:4
3929:3
3913:3
3905:3
3897:3
3886:3
3869:3
3861:3
3853:3
3845:3
3837:3
3829:3
3779:2
3733:2
3711:2
3703:2
3696:H
3694:2
3686:2
3684:)
3682:3
3671:2
3667:2
3659:3
3628:2
3610:)
3608:5
3606:H
3604:3
3596:2
3587:6
3583:3
3575:2
3573:)
3571:3
3563:2
3551:2
3549:)
3547:3
3540:2
3536:2
3528:2
3526:H
3524:2
3516:2
3512:2
3502:2
3494:2
3490:2
3482:3
3480:)
3478:5
3476:H
3474:5
3426:2
3417:2
3409:2
3401:I
3399:2
3392:6
3388:2
3381:2
3377:2
3375:)
3373:4
3371:H
3369:5
3365:4
3363:H
3361:5
3354:2
3350:4
3348:H
3346:5
3342:5
3340:H
3338:5
3331:2
3327:4
3325:H
3323:5
3315:2
3307:2
3298:2
3296:)
3294:3
3286:2
3277:4
3270:2
3266:2
3254:2
3245:2
3241:2
3234:2
3230:2
3223:5
3221:S
3219:2
3212:3
3205:2
3201:2
3193:2
3189:2
3181:3
3171:2
3134:2
3114:O
3112:4
3110:H
3108:5
3106:C
3047:e
3040:t
3033:v
3013:I
2997:2
2995:F
2990:F
2973:S
2966:O
2964:2
2956:3
2954:O
2952:2
2950:S
2944:2
2936:2
2934:S
2932:2
2930:C
2928:2
2926:R
2921:S
2919:2
2917:R
2906:2
2902:2
2900:R
2883:3
2875:4
2867:4
2859:2
2850:5
2848:H
2846:5
2844:C
2838:4
2830:3
2816:2
2814:R
2803:2
2795:4
2793:O
2791:2
2789:C
2783:3
2779:3
2771:2
2769:O
2764:O
2754:O
2752:2
2750:R
2745:O
2743:2
2741:H
2724:2
2716:3
2696:N
2689:2
2687:N
2682:N
2680:2
2676:3
2649:N
2633:2
2610:3
2608:N
2602:3
2582:3
2580:R
2570:n
2568:H
2551:7
2549:H
2547:9
2545:C
2539:5
2537:H
2535:5
2533:C
2522:2
2503:C
2497:6
2495:R
2493:6
2491:C
2486:C
2480:2
2462:4
2460:H
2458:6
2456:C
2451:R
2449:2
2441:2
2437:2
2429:3
2427:)
2425:2
2417:2
2413:2
2396:R
2379:n
2377:H
2375:m
2373:B
2367:2
2348:2
2346:H
2341:H
2319:e
2312:t
2305:v
2001:e
1994:t
1987:v
1948:.
1906:.
1892::
1860:.
1856::
1832:.
1828::
1805:.
1799::
1791::
1763:.
1751::
1745:2
1727:.
1723::
1708:2
1706:)
1704:5
1702:H
1700:5
1696:Ρ
1683:.
1669::
1637:.
1633::
1610:.
1566:.
1562::
1547:2
1534:.
1522::
1508:.
1498:.
1494::
1471:.
1465::
1459:7
1433:.
1429::
1402:.
1390::
1382::
1354:.
1350::
1230:]
1228:2
1226:)
1224:5
1222:H
1220:5
1198:]
1196:3
1192:2
1171:.
1161:2
1139:.
891:]
851:2
849:)
847:5
845:R
843:5
829:V
772:r
767:2
765:)
763:5
761:H
759:5
749:2
730:2
726:2
724:)
722:5
720:H
718:5
714:6
712:H
710:5
706:6
647:2
643:6
641:H
639:5
629:2
624:2
620:1
615:5
613:H
611:5
607:6
605:H
603:5
580:H
573:2
569:1
564:5
562:H
560:5
556:3
549:)
547:3
539:2
537:)
535:5
533:H
531:5
527:5
525:H
523:5
519:2
432:5
430:H
428:5
424:Ρ
405:2
401:2
389:2
350:Ρ
322:-
320:Ρ
314:2
310:2
308:)
306:5
304:H
302:5
260:.
215:H
199:H
193:3
144:(
135:8
130:H
126:8
121:C
119:(
92:2
90:)
88:5
86:H
84:5
67:5
62:H
58:5
53:C
51:(
33:M
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
