1568:. It was a meteorological satellite that provided global observations of the earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields, vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and reflected and emitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the Soviet Hydrometeorological Service. It carried an East German-designed experimental infrared Fourier spectrometers for on-orbit testing of the new instrument for weather observation. The satellite ceased operations on three years later and is now a derelict spacecraft.
2120:
2636:
1736:(FFDP) providing nearly equal intensities for compensated and uncompensated velocity aberration. Both outer reflectors have aluminum coating on the reflecting surfaces and near-diffraction-limited FFDPs. One of the end reflectors is made of fused silica with an index of refraction of 1.46 and should provide partial compensation of the velocity aberration. The other end reflector is made of fused glass with an index of refraction of 1.62 and should provide a perfect compensation of the velocity aberration.
1790:
4002:
44:
2922:
562:
site. The satellites were placed in a near-circular, near-polar prograde orbit to provide near-global observations of the earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields, and reflected and emitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by
2651:
later confirmed that the satellite had suffered a decompression of its thermal control system following what is presumed to be a micrometeoroid impact. Following the incident, the spacecraft was automatically switched into a low-power mode and ground operators worked to restore the satellite's orbit
1660:
with 1st
Generation Upper Stage. It had a weight of 2,750 kg, and contained the usual suite of communication and orbit control equipment powered by large solar arrays. Its mission was cloud observation and IR temperature/humidity sounding, using a Radiation Measurement Complex (RMk-2), Infrared
2505:
Meteor-3-5, launched in 1991, is in a slightly higher orbit than Meteor-2-21, and operated until 1994. It transmitted on 137.300 MHz. Mechanically, it is similar to Meteor-2-21. Which satellite was in operation depended on the sun angles and consequently the seasons. Meteor-3-5 was usually the
2582:
The Meteor-3M series of satellites was to be an advanced series of polar orbiters with one 1.4 km resolution visible channel and a ten-channel radiometer with 3 km resolution. Initially four Meteor-3M satellites were planned, however due to financial difficulties only one was launched.
1677:
It had a weight of 1,500 kg, and It carried scientific and meteorological instruments, and service systems. Its mission was cloud observation and IR temperature/humidity sounding, using a
Radiation Measurement Complex (RMk-2), Infrared Sounding Radiometer, Television Camera and Infrared
1731:
Retroreflector Array (RRA) Characteristics: The retro-reflector array consists of three corner cubes in a linear array with the two outer corner cubes pointing at 45-degree angles relative to the central cube. The central cube is made of fused silica and has a two-lobe
1581:
launch vehicle in the early 1980s. Between 1975 and 1993, 21 Meteor-2's were launched. They were flown in non-sun-synchronous polar orbits with altitudes between 850 and 950 km and inclinations of 81-82º. They weighed about 1,300 kg and had two solar arrays.
2147:. The Meteor-3 class of satellites orbit in a higher altitude than the Meteor-2 class of satellites thus providing more complete coverage of the Earth's surface. The Meteor-3 has the same payload as the Meteor-2 but also includes an advanced scanning
1643:
with 1st
Generation Upper Stage. It was an Earth Science/Weather satellite that gathered meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space. It has since broken apart into multiple pieces of space debris.
1661:
Sounding
Radiometer, Television Camera and Infrared Instrument. It ceased operations on 14 November 1982. In March 2004, it experienced an event, or a series of events, that caused it to break into 8 pieces. The cause of this break-up is unknown.
1609:
with 1st
Generation Upper Stage. It was an earth science satellite that performed cloud observation and IR temperature/humidity sounding. It ceased operations on 6 July 1978. Since then, the satellite had broken up into several pieces of debris.
2533:
ILRS Mission
Support Status: Satellite laser ranging and PRARE data was used for precision orbit determination and intercomparison of the two techniques. ILRS tracking support of this satellite was discontinued on 11 November 1995.
2575:
1592:
Several of the satellites have begun to break up and create debris. #16 broke up in 1998 after a propulsion failure. #18 broke up the following year for unknown reasons. #4 broke up in March 2004. #17 broke up in June 2005.
1626:
with 1st
Generation Upper Stage. It has undergone several breakup events, the first before January 2005 and the last as recently as 2013 or 2014, resulting in 83 known pieces of which 60 were still on-orbit as of 2019.
1585:
The instruments consisted of three television-type (frame technique) VIS and IR scanners, a five-channel scanning radiometer and a radiometer (RMK-2) for measuring radiation flux densities in the near-Earth space.
1576:
The Meteor-2 series, based on the Meteor-1, was the second generation of Soviet meteorological satellites. They were launched into orbit at first by the Vostok-2M launch vehicle until that was replaced by the
3658:
Russian satellite lost after being set to launch from the wrong spaceport: Deputy prime minister admits programmers gave the US$ 45 million device coordinates for
Baikonur rather than Vostochny cosmodrome
3366:
4711:
1751:, another Russian satellite launched in 1994, has 2 corner cubes reflectors with near diffraction-limited FFDPs, which were specifically designed for the continuation of this experiment.
2522:, on 15 August 1991, Meteor-3 TOMS had a unique orbit that presents special problems for processing data. Meteor-3 TOMS began returning data in August 1991 and stopped in December 1994.
1678:
Instrument. It ceased operations on 25 September 1983. On 29 May 1999, it experienced a break-up event that caused it to break into 53 pieces. The cause of this break-up is unknown.
2643:
On 18 December 2019, image downlink from Meteor-M No.2-2 ceased. Tracking revealed the craft had suffered degradation in orbit with a 2 km (1.2 mi) decrease in perigee.
2655:
More Meteor-M satellites are currently being developed. Meteor-M No.2-3 was successfully launched on 27 June 2023, with three more satellites in various stages of development.
2131:
The Meteor-3 series was launched 7 times between 1984 and 1994 after a difficult and protracted development program that began in 1972. All the satellites were launched on
4628:
3846:
1700:(SLR) tracking support of this satellite was discontinued in October 1998. What makes Meteor-2-21 distinctive from the other meteorological satellites is its unique
4701:
4537:
3916:
3886:
4726:
3086:
95:
Unlike the United States, which has separate civilian and military weather satellites, the Soviet Union used a single weather satellite type for both purposes.
3881:
2560:
RetroReflector Array (RRA) Characteristics: The retro-reflector array is a box wing annulus with a diameter of 28 cm and has 24 corner cube reflectors.
1728:– that distance events that are simultaneous for one observer will not be simultaneous for another observer who is in motion relative to the first observer.
4721:
3876:
3871:
4594:
3866:
2974:"The Space Review: Diamonds and DORIANS: The Soviet Union's Almaz and the United States' Manned Orbiting Laboratory military space stations (part 3)"
67:. The Meteor satellite series was initially developed during the 1960s. The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface
2659:
was successfully launched on 29 February 2024 at 05:43 UTC, while Meteor-M No.2-5 is scheduled to be launched later in 2024, and No.2-6 in 2025.
3706:
1589:
In addition to its regular payload, Meteor-2-21 carried a unique Fizeau Retro
Reflector Array (RRA) for Satellite Laser Ranging applications.
4706:
4638:
3909:
2510:) "summer" satellite while 2-21 was in operation for approximately the half-year centered on winter. The satellite carried the second
4623:
2652:
and orientation. By 25 December 2019, the satellite had resumed controlled flight, but the future of its mission remains uncertain.
2610:, was launched 8 July 2014 at 16:58:28 UTC from Baikonur by a Soyuz-2-1b/Fregat rocket. Its mission is scheduled to last 5 years.
4680:
2511:
3657:
4643:
4552:
3902:
3792:
3861:
4589:
3522:
3477:
2955:
2530:
The Meteor-3-6/PRARE satellite is the sixth in the
Russian Meteor-3 series of meteorological satellites launched in 1994.
56:
4129:
4189:
2119:
3602:
3435:
3257:
3154:
2514:(TOMS) aloft as the first and the last American-built instrument to fly on a Soviet spacecraft. Launched from the
4716:
4501:
4675:
4153:
2684:
2679:
2188:
2183:
1834:
1829:
1690:
585:
580:
122:
117:
4093:
4517:
4197:
1697:
4251:
4021:
4016:
3968:
3856:
3031:
1744:
1733:
1657:
1640:
1623:
1606:
1565:
3392:
3323:
3281:
2888:
2851:
2814:
2759:
2722:
2466:
2427:
2388:
2349:
2310:
2271:
2231:
2080:
2042:
2004:
1966:
1921:
1883:
1527:
1491:
1454:
1418:
1382:
1345:
1309:
1273:
1237:
1201:
1165:
1129:
1093:
1057:
1021:
985:
949:
913:
877:
841:
805:
769:
733:
697:
661:
625:
488:
452:
416:
380:
343:
306:
270:
234:
198:
162:
4026:
2068:
2030:
1992:
1954:
1909:
3668:
1871:
3991:
3925:
3450:
2838:
2801:
2629:
2621:
30:
This article is about satellites named "Meteor". For the process of satellites becoming meteors, see
2635:
1755:, a future SLR satellite, will verify indisputably the existence or otherwise of the Fizeau effect.
4281:
4257:
3983:
3978:
3956:
2507:
1717:
1713:
1670:
1653:
1636:
1619:
1602:
559:
3061:
4651:
4584:
4234:
4163:
2927:
2218:
1725:
1517:
1481:
1444:
1408:
1372:
1335:
1299:
1263:
1227:
1191:
1155:
1119:
1083:
1047:
1011:
975:
939:
2453:
2414:
2375:
2336:
2297:
2258:
903:
867:
831:
795:
759:
723:
687:
651:
478:
442:
406:
260:
224:
188:
152:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4463:
4308:
4220:
4168:
4137:
4058:
4036:
1721:
31:
4080:
2617:
was lost after a programming error; also lost were 18 smaller satellites from other nations.
1752:
1748:
4633:
4496:
4370:
4101:
4075:
4053:
1564:, also called "Meteor-Priroda-2", launched on 15 May 1976 by the USSR out of Plesetsk on a
563:
the Soviet Hydrometeorological Service. 31 satellites were launched between 1969 and 1981.
558:
Meteor-1 was a set of fully operational Russian meteorological satellite launched from the
4204:
4105:
3785:[The Meteor-M satellite will be launched into orbit on February 29, source says].
3577:
3481:
2875:
2783:
2656:
2614:
3413:
3344:
3208:
87:. Between 1964 and 1969, a total of eleven Soviet Union Meteor satellites were launched.
3494:
3454:
3111:
2620:
On 5 July 2019, the replacement satellite for the failed Meteor-M No.2-1 satellite, the
4659:
4323:
4293:
4263:
4158:
4063:
2569:
1701:
4375:
3814:
2935:
1789:
4695:
4568:
4329:
2969:
2746:
2709:
2607:
2592:
1709:
4287:
4275:
4121:
3973:
3894:
3757:
3187:
3132:
2160:
2152:
60:
3782:
3552:
3001:
1747:
seem to confirm the presence of the compensating influence of the Fizeau effect.
4335:
4001:
3819:
3787:
3633:
3233:
2973:
2699:
2205:
2159:
content. Meteorological data is transmitted to four primary sites in the former
1851:
1758:
Instrumentation: Meteor-2-21/Fizeau had the following instrumentation on board:
1367:
Cloud Observation. End of life - 1 Dec 1976. Derelict satellite as of 3/30/2023
602:
139:
68:
43:
3681:
3530:
3474:
4527:
4489:
4484:
3961:
3302:
2917:
2148:
615:
370:
333:
296:
3610:
4532:
4522:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4443:
4414:
4398:
3940:
3929:
3817:[Meteor-MP satellite spectrometer will provide twice as much data].
2648:
2519:
2140:
2132:
1716:
convection coefficient. SLR tracking of this satellite was used for precise
1674:
1578:
76:
4547:
4542:
4437:
4393:
4344:
3707:"На Российском спутнике METEOR M2-2 произошла нештатная ситуация | R4UAB"
2893:
2856:
2819:
2764:
2727:
2596:
2515:
2471:
2432:
2393:
2354:
2315:
2276:
2236:
2144:
2085:
2047:
2009:
1971:
1926:
1888:
1532:
1496:
1459:
1423:
1387:
1350:
1314:
1278:
1242:
1206:
1170:
1134:
1098:
1062:
1026:
990:
954:
918:
882:
846:
810:
774:
738:
702:
666:
630:
493:
457:
421:
385:
348:
311:
275:
239:
203:
167:
72:
3815:"Спектрометр спутника "Метеор-МП" будет давать в два раза больше данных"
2537:
Instrumentation: Meteor-3-6 has the following instrumentation on board:
2135:
rockets. These satellites provide weather information including data on
17:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4380:
4350:
4314:
2694:
2600:
2199:
2124:
1845:
596:
133:
80:
3365:
Anz-Meador, Phillip D.; Opiela, John N.; Shoots, Debra (4 July 2018).
4302:
4269:
4173:
3682:"Soyuz launches fresh Meteor weather watcher and 32 small satellites"
2689:
2193:
2136:
1839:
1740:
590:
127:
84:
64:
35:
3783:"Спутник "Метеор-М" запустят на орбиту 29 февраля, сообщил источник"
2574:
2647:
was not able to identify any space object involved in a collision.
4606:
4068:
3867:
NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
3731:
2644:
2634:
2573:
2156:
2118:
42:
3669:
Soyuz 2-1B launch with Meteor-M ends in apparent Fregat-M failure
3898:
3851:
1689:
is the twenty-first and last in the Meteor-2 series of Russian
4145:
4088:
3758:"Soyuz launches a Meteor weather satellite and 42 hitchhikers"
1784:
1712:
who, in 1851, conducted an experiment which tested for the
1635:
Meteor 2-6 launched on 9 September 1980 by the USSR out of
27:
Series of weather observation satellites launched by Russia
2639:
Altitude of Meteor M2-2 showing the December 18th incident
1618:
Meteor 2-5 launched on 31 October 1979 by the USSR out of
1601:
Meteor 2-2 launched on 6 January 1977 by the USSR out of
1669:
Meteor 2-8 launched on 25 March 1982 by the USSR out of
1652:
Meteor 2-7 launched on May 14, 1981, by the USSR out of
3484:, Encyclopedia Astronautica, accessed 17 September 2013
1801:
2595:, was launched 17 September 2009 at 16:55:07 UTC from
3056:
3054:
3052:
2666:
2170:
1819:
570:
107:
3578:"Космодром "Плесецк" | Информационный бюллетень №27"
4577:
4561:
4510:
4456:
4407:
4363:
4244:
4233:
4213:
4182:
4114:
4046:
4035:
4009:
3949:
3436:"An 82o Inclination Debris Cloud Revealed by Radar"
3258:"An 82o Inclination Debris Cloud Revealed by Radar"
3155:"An 82o Inclination Debris Cloud Revealed by Radar"
3032:"Meteor - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions"
2938:, Russian geosynchronous meteorological satellites
2163:in conjunction with about 80 other smaller sites.
2151:with better spectral and spatial resolution and a
4629:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
3026:
3024:
3022:
4712:Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union
3872:NASA International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)
3234:"HISTORY OF ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS"
2996:
2994:
2958:, RIA Novosti on SpaceDaily.com, 28 March 2012
2603:-1b/Fregat rocket. Its mission ended in 2014.
2553:Precise Range and Range-Rate Equipment (PRARE)
3910:
3443:First International Orbital Debris Conference
8:
3368:HISTORY OF ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS
3062:"П. А. Румянцев. Космическая система Метеор"
2956:Soviet Weather Satellite Falls in Antarctica
1724:. The Fizeau experiment tests the theory of
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
2253:launch failure, stage 3 failed to reignite
4241:
4043:
3917:
3903:
3895:
4595:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
2795:
2948:
4702:Weather satellites of the Soviet Union
2544:Visible light and infrared radiometers
3517:
3515:
3087:"Meteor 1-25 - Satellite Information"
7:
4727:Spacecraft that broke apart in space
3795:from the original on 21 January 2024
1708:is derived from a French physicist,
4639:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
2613:On 27 November 2017, the launch of
4722:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
4072:(incorporated into Salyut program)
3732:"О ситуации с КА "Метеор-М" № 2-2"
3434:Gates, D.; Anz-Meador, P. (2019).
2139:, ice and snow cover, atmospheric
25:
3632:Zak, Anatoly (15 November 2022).
4681:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
4000:
2920:
2512:Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
1788:
4644:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
3791:(in Russian). 20 January 2024.
1948:Use of Meteor-2 series platform
1865:Use of Meteor-1 series platform
3847:VNIIEM description of Meteor-M
3680:Zak, Anatoly (4 August 2022).
2591:The first Meteor-M satellite,
57:weather observation satellites
1:
4590:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3756:Zak, Anatoly (27 June 2023).
1768:Radiation measurement complex
1765:Scanning infrared radiometers
1734:Far Field Diffraction Pattern
1696:ILRS Mission Support Status:
47:Model of a Meteor-2 satellite
4707:Weather satellites of Russia
4130:Soviet crewed lunar programs
3882:NASA ILRS Meteor 2-21/Fizeau
3303:"Launches of September 1980"
2547:Scanning infrared radiometer
2518:, Russia, facility near the
83:conditions, snow-cover, and
4190:International Space Station
4743:
3862:NOAA description of Meteor
3823:(in Russian). 19 July 2022
3153:Gates, D.; Anz-meador, P.
2567:
29:
4670:
3998:
3936:
2491:
2105:
1946:
1863:
1691:meteorological satellites
1552:
1476:meteorological satellite
544:
104:Meteor Prototype launches
4676:Space industry of Russia
3857:eoPortal Meteor overview
2123:Launch of Meteor-3 on a
1739:SLR full-rate data from
291:Technology demonstrator
255:Technology demonstrator
219:Technology demonstrator
183:Technology demonstrator
4198:Russian Orbital Segment
3607:www.russianspaceweb.com
3480:11 October 2011 at the
3414:"Satellite: Meteor-2-8"
3345:"Satellite: Meteor-2-7"
3209:"Satellite: Meteor 2-2"
3066:epizodsspace.airbase.ru
1781:Meteor-Priroda launches
1762:Scanning telephotometer
1698:Satellite Laser Ranging
3112:"Satellite: Meteor-P2"
3036:directory.eoportal.org
2640:
2606:The second satellite,
2579:
2155:for determining total
2128:
365:Launched as Meteor 6L
328:Launched as Meteor 5L
48:
3930:Russian space program
3634:"The Meteor-M series"
2638:
2577:
2122:
46:
3992:Vostochny Cosmodrome
3877:NASA ILRS Meteor 3-6
2630:Vostochny Cosmodrome
2628:) was launched from
2556:Retroreflector array
1771:Retroreflector array
4617:Veterok and Ugolyok
3984:Svobodny Cosmodrome
3979:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
3957:Baikonur Cosmodrome
3887:NASA ILRS Meteor 3M
3686:russianspaceweb.com
3638:russianspaceweb.com
3527:www.astronautix.com
3455:2019LPICo2109.6038G
3133:"Meteor-2 (11F632)"
2578:Meteor-3M satellite
2508:Northern Hemisphere
1718:orbit determination
4663:(1997 documentary)
4655:(1995 documentary)
4652:Out of the Present
4585:List of cosmonauts
4562:Images and artwork
4502:Deep Space Network
4149:(Mars/Venus flyby)
3603:"Meteor satellite"
3557:space.skyrocket.de
3553:"Meteor-3 (17F45)"
3533:on 26 October 2010
3499:space.skyrocket.de
3006:space.skyrocket.de
2972:(2 January 2024).
2928:Spaceflight portal
2641:
2580:
2541:Scanning TV-sensor
2129:
2069:Meteor-Priroda 2-4
2031:Meteor-Priroda 3-1
1993:Meteor-Priroda 2-3
1955:Meteor-Priroda 2-2
1910:Meteor-Priroda 2-1
1800:. You can help by
1726:special relativity
1687:Meteor-2-21/Fizeau
49:
4689:
4688:
4612:Belka and Strelka
4602:Soviet space dogs
4464:Sputnik programme
4452:
4451:
4385:
4340:
4319:
4298:
4229:
4228:
4194:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4098:
4085:
4073:
4037:Human spaceflight
3988:
3965:
2968:Hendrickx, Bart;
2911:
2910:
2718:17 September 2009
2663:Meteor-M launches
2498:
2497:
2167:Meteor-3 launches
2112:
2111:
1818:
1817:
1743:4, MOBLAS 7, and
1722:Fizeau experiment
1559:
1558:
1341:18 September 1975
567:Meteor-1 launches
551:
550:
32:atmospheric entry
16:(Redirected from
4734:
4717:Satellite series
4634:Cosmonauts Alley
4497:Luch (satellite)
4383:
4355:
4338:
4317:
4296:
4242:
4192:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4096:
4083:
4071:
4044:
4004:
3986:
3959:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3677:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3613:on 10 April 2016
3609:. Archived from
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3529:. Archived from
3519:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3495:"Meteor-Priroda"
3491:
3485:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3028:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2978:The Space Review
2965:
2959:
2953:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2885:
2884:29 February 2024
2848:
2811:
2793:
2792:27 November 2017
2756:
2719:
2667:
2526:Meteor-3-6/PRARE
2463:
2424:
2385:
2346:
2307:
2268:
2228:
2227:27 November 1984
2171:
2077:
2039:
2001:
1963:
1918:
1880:
1872:Meteor-Priroda 1
1820:
1813:
1810:
1792:
1785:
1704:array. The name
1524:
1488:
1451:
1415:
1379:
1378:25 December 1975
1342:
1306:
1270:
1269:17 December 1974
1234:
1198:
1162:
1126:
1090:
1054:
1018:
982:
946:
945:29 December 1971
910:
874:
838:
802:
766:
730:
694:
658:
622:
571:
519:
485:
449:
413:
377:
340:
339:28 February 1967
303:
267:
231:
230:17 December 1965
195:
194:26 February 1965
159:
108:
99:Meteor Prototype
59:launched by the
21:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4666:
4573:
4569:Mission patches
4557:
4506:
4448:
4403:
4359:
4353:
4237:
4225:
4209:
4178:
4110:
4039:
4031:
4010:Launch vehicles
4005:
3996:
3945:
3932:
3923:
3893:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3762:RussianSpaceWeb
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3582:www.plesetzk.ru
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3482:Wayback Machine
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2883:
2876:Meteor-M No.2-4
2846:
2839:Meteor-M No.2-3
2809:
2802:Meteor-M No.2-2
2796:Launch failure
2791:
2784:Meteor-M No.2-1
2754:
2717:
2657:Meteor-M No.2-4
2624:(also known as
2622:Meteor-M No.2-2
2615:Meteor-M No.2-1
2589:
2572:
2566:
2528:
2503:
2462:25 January 1994
2461:
2422:
2383:
2345:25 October 1989
2344:
2305:
2267:24 October 1985
2266:
2226:
2117:
2075:
2071:
2037:
2033:
2000:25 January 1979
1999:
1995:
1961:
1957:
1916:
1912:
1878:
1874:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1798:needs expansion
1778:
1684:
1667:
1650:
1633:
1616:
1599:
1574:
1522:
1487:16 October 1976
1486:
1449:
1413:
1377:
1340:
1304:
1268:
1233:28 October 1974
1232:
1196:
1160:
1124:
1088:
1053:27 October 1972
1052:
1016:
980:
944:
908:
872:
837:20 January 1971
836:
801:15 October 1970
800:
764:
728:
692:
656:
620:
556:
540:Launch failure
518:1 February 1969
517:
483:
447:
412:24 October 1967
411:
375:
338:
301:
265:
229:
193:
157:
101:
93:
55:spacecraft are
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4740:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4660:Mission to Mir
4656:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4624:Ivan Ivanovich
4621:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4460:
4458:
4457:Communications
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4411:
4409:
4408:In development
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4348:
4342:
4333:
4327:
4324:Resurs-DK No.1
4321:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:Phobos program
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4264:Luna programme
4261:
4255:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4214:In development
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4133:(Moon landing)
4127:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3852:Sputnik server
3849:
3843:
3841:
3840:External links
3838:
3835:
3834:
3806:
3774:
3748:
3723:
3698:
3672:
3661:
3650:
3624:
3594:
3569:
3544:
3511:
3486:
3467:
3426:
3405:
3384:
3357:
3336:
3315:
3294:
3273:
3249:
3225:
3200:
3170:
3145:
3124:
3103:
3091:Heaven's Above
3078:
3048:
3018:
2990:
2970:Day, Dwayne A.
2960:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2588:
2585:
2570:Meteor-3M No.1
2568:Main article:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2527:
2524:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:15 August 1991
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1795:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1776:Meteor-Priroda
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1702:retroreflector
1683:
1680:
1666:
1663:
1649:
1646:
1632:
1629:
1615:
1612:
1598:
1595:
1573:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
971:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
935:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:
899:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
880:
875:
870:
864:
863:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
827:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
791:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
755:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
719:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
664:
659:
657:6 October 1969
654:
648:
647:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
608:
605:
600:
594:
588:
583:
578:
575:
569:
568:
555:
552:
549:
548:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
515:
511:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
491:
486:
481:
475:
474:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
438:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
402:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
346:
341:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
292:
289:
287:
284:
281:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
256:
253:
251:
248:
245:
242:
237:
232:
227:
221:
220:
217:
215:
212:
209:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
170:
165:
160:
158:28 August 1964
155:
149:
148:
145:
142:
137:
131:
125:
120:
115:
112:
106:
105:
100:
97:
92:
89:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4739:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Baikal-Angara
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:(begun 1957)
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4330:Koronas-Foton
4328:
4325:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3749:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3358:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Meteor-M No.2
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Meteor-M No.1
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:Meteor-M No.2
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:Meteor-M No.1
2586:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2384:24 April 1991
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2072:(Meteor-1 31)
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2034:(Meteor-1 30)
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:(Meteor-1 29)
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1958:(Meteor-1 28)
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1913:(Meteor-1 25)
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1875:(Meteor-1 18)
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1796:This section
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Armand Fizeau
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:24 April 1974
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:20 March 1973
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
981:30 March 1972
979:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
907:
905:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
873:17 April 1971
871:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
835:
833:
830:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
729:28 April 1970
727:
725:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
693:17 March 1970
691:
689:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
655:
653:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
621:26 March 1969
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
576:
573:
572:
566:
565:
564:
561:
553:
547:
543:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
516:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
482:
480:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
448:14 March 1968
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
376:27 April 1967
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
300:
298:
295:
294:
290:
288:
285:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
264:
262:
259:
258:
254:
252:
249:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
228:
226:
223:
222:
218:
216:
213:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
192:
190:
187:
186:
182:
180:
177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
156:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
103:
102:
98:
96:
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4658:
4650:
4436:
4388:
4288:Vega program
4276:Zond program
4125:(Moon flyby)
4122:Zond (7K-L1)
4081:Soyuz-Apollo
3974:Kapustin Yar
3950:Launch sites
3825:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3786:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3736:roscosmos.ru
3735:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3710:
3701:
3689:. Retrieved
3685:
3675:
3664:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:
3627:
3615:. Retrieved
3611:the original
3606:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3556:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3526:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:
3489:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3446:
3442:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3393:"Meteor 2-7"
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3367:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3324:"Meteor 2-7"
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3282:"Meteor 2-6"
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3161:. Retrieved
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3090:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:
3009:. Retrieved
3005:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:
2963:
2951:
2847:27 June 2023
2676:Launch date
2654:
2642:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2590:
2581:
2559:
2550:Ozone Mapper
2536:
2532:
2529:
2504:
2492:
2306:26 July 1988
2210:Period, min
2180:Launch date
2161:Soviet Union
2153:spectrometer
2130:
2106:
2076:10 July 1981
2038:18 June 1980
1962:29 June 1977
1947:
1864:
1856:Period, min
1826:Launch date
1806:
1802:adding to it
1797:
1757:
1738:
1730:
1705:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1668:
1651:
1634:
1617:
1600:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1523:5 April 1977
1414:7 April 1976
1305:1 April 1975
1161:5 March 1974
1017:30 June 1972
909:16 July 1971
765:23 June 1970
607:Period, min
577:Launch date
557:
545:
484:12 June 1968
302:25 June 1966
144:Period, min
114:Launch date
94:
69:temperatures
61:Soviet Union
52:
50:
40:
4347:(2011–2019)
4336:Fobos-Grunt
4326:(2006-2016)
4311:(1990-1992)
4305:(1989-1998)
4299:(1988-1989)
4290:(1984-1987)
4284:(1983-1991)
4278:(1964–1970)
4272:(1961–1985)
4266:(1958–1976)
4260:(1972–1996)
4254:(1961–1982)
4094:Shuttle–Mir
3969:Dombarovsky
3820:RIA Novosti
3788:RIA Novosti
3741:25 December
3716:23 December
3691:12 February
3643:12 February
3419:14 December
3377:14 December
3350:14 December
3329:14 December
3266:24 December
3242:24 December
3193:14 December
3163:26 November
3138:26 November
2810:5 July 2019
2755:8 July 2014
2700:Inclination
2626:Meteor M2-2
2493:References:
2219:Kosmos 1612
2206:Inclination
2107:References:
1917:15 May 1976
1879:9 July 1974
1852:Inclination
1682:Meteor-2-21
1562:Meteor-1-25
1554:References:
1518:Meteor-1 27
1482:Meteor-1 26
1450:14 May 1976
1445:Meteor-1 25
1409:Meteor-1 24
1373:Meteor-1 23
1336:Meteor-1 22
1300:Meteor-1 21
1264:Meteor-1 20
1228:Meteor-1 19
1192:Meteor-1 17
1156:Meteor-1 16
1125:29 May 1973
1120:Meteor-1 15
1084:Meteor-1 14
1048:Meteor-1 13
1012:Meteor-1 12
976:Meteor-1 11
940:Meteor-1 10
603:Inclination
546:References:
266:11 May 1966
140:Inclination
4696:Categories
4674:See also:
4528:Mars-Grunt
4490:Sputnik 99
4485:Sputnik 41
4141:(moonbase)
3962:Kazakhstan
3799:21 January
3523:"Meteor-3"
3460:18 January
3218:17 January
3188:"Meteor-2"
3117:24 January
3096:24 January
3002:"Meteor-1"
2943:References
2907:101.3 min
2870:101.1 min
2833:101.1 min
2778:101.3 min
2741:101.2 min
2670:Satellite
2501:Meteor-3-5
2454:Meteor-3 6
2415:Meteor-3 5
2376:Meteor-3 4
2337:Meteor-3 3
2298:Meteor-3 2
2259:Meteor-3 1
2174:Satellite
2149:radiometer
1823:Satellite
1809:April 2016
1665:Meteor 2-8
1658:Vostok 2-M
1648:Meteor 2-7
1641:Vostok 2-M
1631:Meteor-2-6
1624:Vostok 2-M
1614:Meteor-2-5
1607:Vostok 2-M
1597:Meteor-2-2
904:Meteor-1 9
868:Meteor-1 8
832:Meteor-1 7
796:Meteor-1 6
760:Meteor-1 5
724:Meteor-1 4
688:Meteor-1 3
652:Meteor-1 2
616:Meteor-1 1
574:Satellite
479:Kosmos 226
443:Kosmos 206
407:Kosmos 184
371:Kosmos 156
334:Kosmos 144
297:Kosmos 122
261:Kosmos 118
225:Kosmos 100
111:Satellite
91:Satellites
4533:Mercury-P
4523:Laplace-P
4480:Sputnik 3
4475:Sputnik 2
4470:Sputnik 1
4444:Spektr-UV
4415:Luna-Glob
4399:Spektr-RG
4376:Elektro–L
4115:Cancelled
3987:(defunct)
3941:Roscosmos
3398:1 January
2983:3 January
2936:Elektro–L
2889:2024-039A
2852:2023-091A
2815:2019-038A
2760:1985-100A
2723:2014-037A
2649:Roscosmos
2564:Meteor-3M
2520:White Sea
2467:1994-003A
2428:1991-056A
2389:1991-030A
2350:1989-086A
2311:1988-064A
2272:1985-100A
2232:1984-120A
2141:radiation
2133:Tsyklon-3
2127:-3 rocket
2081:1981-065A
2043:1980-051A
2005:1979-005A
1967:1977-057A
1922:1976-043A
1884:1974-052A
1675:Tsyklon-3
1579:Tsyklon-3
1566:Vostok-2M
1528:1977-024A
1492:1976-102A
1455:1976-043A
1419:1976-032A
1383:1975-124A
1346:1975-087A
1310:1975-023A
1274:1974-099A
1238:1974-083A
1202:1974-025A
1166:1974-011A
1130:1973-034A
1094:1972-085A
1058:1972-085A
1022:1972-049A
986:1972-022A
950:1971-120A
914:1971-059A
878:1971-031A
842:1971-003A
806:1970-085A
770:1970-047A
734:1970-037A
698:1970-019A
662:1969-084A
626:1969-029A
489:1968-049A
453:1968-019A
417:1967-102A
381:1967-039A
344:1967-018A
307:1966-057A
271:1966-038A
235:1965-106A
199:1965-014A
189:Kosmos 58
163:1964-053A
153:Kosmos 44
77:radiation
4548:Venera-D
4543:Spektr-M
4511:Concepts
4438:Kazachok
4394:Resurs-P
4389:Meteor-M
4354:(failed)
4345:Spektr-R
4339:(failed)
4318:(failed)
4297:(failed)
4238:programs
4040:programs
3827:1 August
3793:Archived
3711:r4uab.ru
3587:19 April
3562:19 April
3537:19 April
3478:Archived
3475:Meteor-2
3308:21 March
3287:21 March
2914:See also
2901:819.7 km
2898:830.4 km
2864:815.8 km
2861:823.1 km
2827:819.3 km
2824:819.6 km
2772:825.9 km
2769:833.0 km
2735:822.2 km
2732:824.9 km
2680:NSSDC ID
2597:Baikonur
2587:Meteor-M
2516:Plesetsk
2184:NSSDC ID
2145:humidity
2115:Meteor-3
1830:NSSDC ID
1745:Maidanak
1720:and the
1671:Plesetsk
1654:Plesetsk
1637:Plesetsk
1620:Plesetsk
1603:Plesetsk
1572:Meteor-2
581:NSSDC ID
560:Plesetsk
554:Meteor-1
118:NSSDC ID
73:humidity
18:Meteor-M
4578:Related
4430:Luna 28
4425:Luna 27
4420:Luna 26
4384:(joint)
4381:ExoMars
4351:Luna 25
4315:Mars 96
4258:Prognoz
4235:Robotic
4193:(joint)
4102:Energia
4097:(joint)
4084:(joint)
4059:Voskhod
3767:28 June
3617:3 April
3504:5 April
3451:Bibcode
3071:4 April
3041:5 April
3011:4 April
2704:Period
2695:Perigee
2601:Soyuz-2
2200:Perigee
2125:Tsyklon
1846:Perigee
1753:WESTPAC
1749:Resur-1
597:Perigee
134:Perigee
81:sea ice
4371:Bion-M
4364:Active
4356:(2023)
4341:(2011)
4332:(2009)
4320:(1996)
4303:Granat
4282:Astron
4270:Venera
4183:Active
4174:Kliper
4159:Zvezda
4154:Spiral
4138:Zvezda
4064:Salyut
4054:Vostok
4022:Proton
4017:Angara
3926:Soviet
2690:Apogee
2485:109.40
2446:109.40
2443:82.57°
2440:1220.1
2437:1199.7
2407:109.50
2404:82.55°
2401:1229.0
2398:1190.0
2368:109.49
2365:82.57°
2362:1228.0
2359:1191.0
2329:109.42
2326:82.55°
2323:1221.9
2320:1198.2
2290:110.32
2287:82.53°
2284:1264.0
2281:1236.0
2247:82.61°
2244:1230.8
2194:Apogee
2137:clouds
1840:Apogee
1741:MOBLAS
1714:aether
1706:Fizeau
591:Apogee
322:65.14°
178:65.04°
128:Apogee
85:clouds
65:Russia
53:Meteor
36:meteor
4607:Laika
4553:Sfera
4538:OPSEK
4309:Gamma
4205:Soyuz
4164:Zarya
4106:Buran
4069:Almaz
4027:Soyuz
3449:: 2.
3439:(PDF)
3372:(PDF)
3261:(PDF)
3237:(PDF)
3213:OSCAR
3158:(PDF)
2904:98.6°
2894:59051
2867:98.7°
2857:57166
2830:98.8°
2820:44387
2775:98.4°
2765:40069
2738:98.6°
2728:35865
2645:NORAD
2599:by a
2472:22969
2433:21655
2394:21232
2355:20305
2316:19336
2277:16191
2250:98.15
2241:130.2
2237:15406
2213:Note
2202:, km
2196:, km
2157:ozone
2096:97.9°
2086:12585
2058:97.9°
2048:11848
2020:97.9°
2010:11251
1982:98.0°
1972:10113
1940:102.4
1937:81.2°
1927:08845
1902:102.6
1899:81.2°
1889:07363
1859:Note
1848:, km
1842:, km
1673:on a
1656:on a
1639:on a
1622:on a
1605:on a
1546:102.5
1543:81.3°
1533:09903
1510:102.5
1507:81.3°
1497:09481
1473:102.0
1470:81.3°
1460:08845
1437:102.3
1434:81.2°
1424:08799
1401:102.4
1398:81.2°
1388:08519
1364:102.3
1361:81.2°
1351:08293
1328:102.6
1325:81.2°
1315:07714
1292:102.4
1289:81.2°
1279:07574
1256:102.5
1253:81.2°
1243:07490
1220:102.6
1217:81.2°
1207:07274
1184:102.2
1181:81.2°
1171:07209
1148:102.5
1145:81.2°
1135:06659
1112:102.6
1109:81.2°
1099:06392
1076:102.6
1073:81.2°
1063:06256
1040:103.0
1037:81.2°
1027:06079
1004:102.6
1001:81.2°
991:05917
968:102.7
965:81.2°
955:05731
929:81.2°
919:05327
893:81.2°
883:05142
857:81.2°
847:04849
821:81.2°
811:04583
788:102.0
785:81.2°
775:04419
749:81.2°
739:04393
713:81.2°
703:04349
677:81.2°
667:04119
641:81.2°
631:03835
610:Note
599:, km
593:, km
504:81.2°
494:03282
468:81.2°
458:03150
432:81.2°
422:03010
396:81.2°
386:02762
359:81.2°
349:02695
325:97.12
312:02254
276:02168
240:01843
204:01907
168:00876
147:Note
136:, km
130:, km
4245:Past
4221:Orel
4169:MAKS
4047:Past
3960:(in
3928:and
3829:2022
3801:2024
3769:2023
3743:2019
3718:2019
3693:2023
3645:2023
3619:2016
3589:2016
3564:2016
3539:2016
3506:2016
3462:2023
3447:2109
3421:2022
3400:2023
3379:2022
3352:2022
3331:2022
3310:2023
3289:2023
3268:2022
3244:2022
3220:2023
3195:2022
3165:2022
3140:2022
3119:2023
3098:2023
3073:2016
3043:2016
3013:2016
2985:2024
2673:s/n
2479:1228
2476:1191
2177:s/n
2143:and
2099:97.6
2061:97.3
2023:97.4
1985:97.5
932:97.3
896:97.2
860:97.6
824:97.5
752:98.1
716:96.4
680:97.7
644:97.9
507:96.9
471:97.0
435:97.1
399:97.0
362:96.9
63:and
51:The
34:and
4146:TMK
4089:Mir
4076:TKS
2685:SCN
2482:82°
2189:SCN
2093:688
2090:611
2055:678
2052:589
2017:657
2014:628
1979:685
1976:602
1934:900
1931:866
1896:905
1893:877
1835:SCN
1804:.
1540:909
1537:869
1504:904
1501:871
1467:833
1464:890
1431:906
1428:863
1395:913
1392:857
1358:918
1355:867
1322:906
1319:877
1286:910
1283:861
1250:917
1247:855
1214:907
1211:877
1178:906
1175:853
1142:909
1139:867
1106:903
1103:882
1070:904
1067:893
1034:929
1031:897
998:903
995:878
962:905
959:880
926:650
923:618
890:646
887:620
854:767
851:630
818:674
815:633
782:906
779:863
746:736
743:637
710:643
707:555
674:690
671:630
638:713
635:644
586:SCN
501:650
498:603
465:630
462:630
429:635
426:635
393:630
390:630
356:625
353:625
319:657
316:683
286:65°
283:587
280:657
250:65°
247:630
244:658
214:65°
211:563
208:647
175:615
172:857
123:SCN
4698::
4252:DS
4104:/
4074:/
3760:.
3734:.
3709:.
3684:.
3636:.
3605:.
3580:.
3555:.
3525:.
3514:^
3497:.
3445:.
3441:.
3211:.
3173:^
3089:.
3064:.
3051:^
3034:.
3021:^
3004:.
2993:^
2976:.
2632:.
1693:.
79:,
75:,
71:,
3964:)
3918:e
3911:t
3904:v
3831:.
3803:.
3771:.
3745:.
3720:.
3695:.
3647:.
3621:.
3591:.
3566:.
3541:.
3508:.
3464:.
3453::
3423:.
3402:.
3381:.
3354:.
3333:.
3312:.
3291:.
3270:.
3246:.
3222:.
3197:.
3167:.
3142:.
3121:.
3100:.
3075:.
3045:.
3015:.
2987:.
2880:5
2843:5
2806:4
2788:3
2751:2
2714:1
2506:(
2458:7
2419:5
2380:6
2341:4
2302:3
2263:2
2223:1
1811:)
1807:(
537:—
534:—
531:—
528:—
525:—
522:—
514:—
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
