796:
4:45 a.m. EDT, August 24, he noted that the wind speed indicator was "pegged" at a position a little beyond the instrument's highest value of 100 kt (115 mph; 185 km/h), at a point he estimated to be around 110 kt (127 mph; 204 km/h). The needle reportedly remained "fixed" at this location for 3–5 minutes before dropping to "0" when the anemometer failed. These observations were closely corroborated by two other observers. He also indicated that the weather conditions continued to worsen for an additional 30 minutes after the anemometer failed. It is probable that much stronger winds occurred at this location.
808:
1804:
488:
370:
784:
EDT, August 24, recorded an 8-minute average wind of 142 miles per hour (229 km/h) with a peak gust of 169 miles per hour (272 km/h) shortly before the equipment was destroyed. It is probable that higher winds occurred at Fowey Rocks after the station was destroyed. The highest recorded surface gust, within Andrew's northern eyewall, occurred at the home of a resident about a mile from the shoreline in
1948:
1737:
1747:
278:
26:
780:
remaining areas affected by Andrew's initial landfall in
Florida likely experienced sustained Category 4 and 3 hurricane conditions. Andrew was officially re-classified as a Category 5 storm in 2004, and the reanalysis provided a more comprehensive and detailed examination of Andrew's wind field structure upon landfall than originally assessed in 1992.
1266:
503:, the eye remained well-defined as the hurricane turned to the west-northwest, a change due to the weakening of the ridge to its north. Andrew steadily re-intensified over the Gulf of Mexico, reaching winds of 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) by late on August 25. As the high pressure system to its north weakened, a strong mid-latitude
526:, the cyclone deteriorated to tropical depression status early on August 27. Accelerating northeastward, the tropical depression began merging with the approaching frontal system, and by midday on August 28, Andrew ceased to meet the qualifications of a tropical cyclone while located over the southern
783:
Andrew's peak winds in South
Florida were not directly measured, primarily because of the destruction or failure of measuring instruments. The Coastal Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) station at Fowey Rocks, with platform elevation of 141 feet (43 m), in its last transmission at 4:30 a.m.
474:
As the eye moved onshore
Florida, the convection in the eyewall strengthened, owing to increased convergence, and Hurricane Hunters reported a warmer eyewall temperature than two hours prior. However, Hurricane Andrew weakened as the eye continued further inland, and after crossing southern Florida
795:
Another important wind speed report came from the
Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport, located nine miles (14 km) west of the shoreline. While weather observations had been suspended at the station, the official weather observer there stayed on duty and continued to make wind speed readings. At
332:
on August 17. By early on August 18, the storm maintained concentrated convection near the center with spiral bands to its west as the winds increased to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). Shortly thereafter the thunderstorms decreased markedly during the diurnal minimum, and as the storm
779:
examined
Hurricane Andrew and this corridor of extreme winds embedded within Andrew's northern eyewall. The project concluded that Category 5 conditions on land occurred only in a small region of southern Dade (now Miami-Dade) County, specifically close to the coast in Cutler Ridge. The
417:
assessed its peak intensity as 150 miles per hour (240 km/h), which was upgraded to 155 miles per hour (249 km/h) in a post-analysis after the season ended; the hurricane was later re-classified as a
Category 5 hurricane. The highest reported wind
340:
flight into the storm failed to locate a well-defined center, and the next day a flight found that the cyclone had degenerated to the extent that only a diffuse low-level circulation center remained; observations indicated the pressure rose to an unusually high
349:, which decreased the wind shear over the storm. Simultaneously, a strong high pressure cell developed over the southeastern United States, which built eastward and caused Andrew to turn to the west. Convection became more organized as upper-level
253:. The storm re-intensified slightly in the Gulf, causing it to maintain its status as a Category 4 hurricane. Early on August 26, Andrew weakened slightly to a low-end Category 3 hurricane before making landfall near
466:
with a slightly lower pressure of 922 mbar. A recording station at the
National Hurricane Center recorded a peak gust of 163 miles per hour (262 km/h), and sustained winds peaked at 126 miles per hour (203 km/h) in
433:
Hurricane Andrew was a small tropical cyclone, with winds of 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) extending out only about 90 miles (140 km) from its center. Subsequent to peaking in intensity, the hurricane underwent an
316:
developed around a developing center of circulation. Based on a Dvorak T-number of 2.0, it is estimated
Tropical Depression Three developed late on August 16 about 1,630 miles (2,620 km) east-southeast of
438:, and at 21:00 UTC on August 23, Hurricane Andrew struck Eleuthera as a Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 160 miles per hour (260 km/h). The cyclone weakened further while crossing the
1977:
345:. The flight indicated Andrew maintained a vigorous circulation aloft, with winds of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) recorded at flight level. Subsequently, the upper-level low weakened and split into a
1783:
1348:
389:
with winds of 105 miles per hour (169 km/h). The hurricane accelerated as it tracked due westward into an area of very favorable conditions, and late on August 22 began
1776:
1305:
788:. During the peak of the storm, a gust of 212 miles per hour (341 km/h) was observed before both the home and anemometer were destroyed. Subsequent wind-tunnel testing at
257:. Once inland, the cyclone rapidly weakened, and less than 24 hours after landfall, Andrew was merely a tropical depression. It continued northeastward across the
202:
lasted from mid to late August 1992. The hurricane developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 14. Tracking westward due to a
1141:
1769:
826:
458:
as a
Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 165 miles per hour (266 km/h) and a central pressure of 926 mbar. About 25 minutes after its first
241:
early on August 24. However, the storm then rapidly, but briefly restrengthened into a
Category 5 hurricane, and was at that intensity when it struck
210:. The cyclone gradually intensified, becoming a tropical storm on August 17. However, wind shear soon impacted the storm, causing significant increases in
1222:
1341:
454:, the hurricane rapidly re-intensified, as the eye decreased in size and its eyewall convection deepened. At 08:40 UTC on August 24, Andrew struck
831:
172:
223:
1972:
1951:
1740:
1334:
1357:
821:
560:
507:
approached the area from the northwest. This caused the hurricane to decelerate to the northwest, and winds decreased as Andrew approached the
398:
177:
1292:
792:
of the same type of anemometer revealed a 16.5% error. The observed value was officially corrected to be 177 miles per hour (285 km/h).
522:
Hurricane Andrew weakened rapidly as it turned to the north and northeast, and within ten hours weakened to a tropical storm. After entering
446:
of the Bahamas as a Category 4 hurricane, with winds of 150 miles per hour (240 km/h). As it crossed over the warm waters of the
1406:
214:
and nearly destroying its low-level circulation by August 20. Wind shear sharply decreased starting on August 21, and with warm
324:
Embedded within the deep easterlies, the depression tracked west-northwestward at 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). Initially, moderate
405:, and at 18:00 UTC, Hurricane Andrew reached peak winds of 175 miles per hour (282 km/h), while located a short distance off
328:
prevented strengthening, though a decrease in shear allowed the depression to intensify into Tropical Storm Andrew at around 1200
357:
formed, and Andrew attained hurricane status early on August 22, while located about 650 miles (1,050 km) east-southeast of
333:
turned to the northwest increased southwesterly wind shear from an upper-level low prevented Andrew from maintaining deep convection.
249:
on August 24. Andrew weakened while crossing Florida, but only reduced to a Category 4 hurricane while it emerged into the
563:
508:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1793:
1156:
1120:
1076:
1014:
992:
970:
948:
926:
904:
755:
719:
701:
686:
671:
653:
623:
597:
402:
147:
1441:
551:
531:
137:
1309:
750:
737:
732:
638:
189:
1226:
1424:
206:, favorable conditions allowed it to develop into Tropical Depression Three on August 16 in the deep tropical
1803:
1982:
1377:
1251:
435:
414:
80:
1933:
1750:
1692:
1418:
1201:"The extratropical transitions of eastern Pacific Hurricane Lester (1992) and Atlantic Hurricane Andrew (1992)"
813:
714:
592:
215:
84:
884:(Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service
1873:
535:
423:
281:
1761:
1615:
1522:
1458:
1412:
1394:
516:
511:. At 08:30 UTC on August 26 the cyclone made its final landfall in a sparsely populated area of
382:
258:
254:
133:
530:. The remnants continued to the northeast and began losing its identity within the frontal zone over the
527:
350:
266:
222:, starting on the following day. By August 23, Andrew peaked as a Category 5 hurricane on the
51:
1200:
1715:
504:
346:
1247:
1400:
1371:
1283:
297:
211:
203:
1746:
789:
463:
451:
246:
1680:
1662:
1621:
1557:
1505:
1135:
666:
648:
618:
337:
1178:
1854:
1686:
1603:
1580:
1499:
1487:
1481:
1287:
785:
696:
468:
386:
309:
285:
199:
1051:
426:, although the recording equipment failed after the reading. The hurricane also produced a
1721:
1674:
1645:
1633:
1586:
1551:
1534:
1528:
1464:
681:
390:
358:
219:
113:
487:
369:
1668:
1639:
1627:
1609:
1563:
1493:
500:
492:
476:
262:
250:
207:
1966:
1709:
1270:
607:
443:
354:
293:
238:
109:
633:
539:
439:
1326:
523:
479:
with winds of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h), at Category 4 intensity.
455:
447:
442:, and at 01:00 UTC on August 24, Andrew made landfall on the southern
427:
277:
242:
227:
129:
397:
to a minimum pressure of 922 mbar. On August 23 the cyclone attained
308:
islands, and on August 15 meteorologists began classifying the system with the
25:
803:
603:
394:
342:
325:
305:
301:
105:
1098:
300:
of high pressure to its north, the wave tracked quickly westward. An area of
512:
406:
374:
234:
881:
296:
moved off the coast of Africa on August 14. Under the influence of a
318:
313:
312:. The thunderstorm activity became more concentrated, and narrow spiral
1301:
459:
410:
1286:; Anderson, Craig; Bredemeyer, William; et al. (January 2022).
880:
Edward N Rappaport; National Hurricane Center (December 10, 1993).
381:
Six hours after becoming a hurricane, Andrew was predicted to make
1297:
486:
368:
276:
261:, becoming extratropical on August 28, before merging with a
1269:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1199:
Michael Dickinson and L. F. Bosart and K. L. Corbosiero (2006).
419:
1765:
1330:
1099:"Aren't big tropical cyclones also intense tropical cyclones?"
329:
1288:
Continental United States Hurricanes (Detailed Description)
534:, merging with another frontal system and the remnants of
1978:
Meteorological histories of individual tropical cyclones
233:
The cyclone weakened slightly before making landfall on
373:
Hurricane Andrew at peak instensity while approaching
555:
1306:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
777:
Atlantic Basin Hurricane Database Reanalysis Project
265:
on August 29, while centered over the southern
1702:
1655:
1596:
1573:
1544:
1515:
1474:
1451:
1434:
1387:
1364:
430:of 23 feet (7.0 m) in northwestern Eleuthera.
393:; in a 24‑hour period the pressure dropped 47
125:
120:
99:
91:
68:
60:
50:
42:
35:
1248:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
564:landfalling tropical cyclones in the United States
519:with winds of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h).
304:developed along the wave axis to the south of the
569:Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
1052:"A Re-Analysis of Hurricane Andrew's Intensity"
827:Timeline of the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season
515:about 20 miles (32 km) west-southwest of
1777:
1342:
8:
1140:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
18:
971:"Tropical Storm Andrew Discussion Thirteen"
832:Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
1784:
1770:
1762:
1349:
1335:
1327:
1015:"Hurricane Andrew Discussion Twenty-Three"
905:"Tropical Depression Three Discussion One"
422:was 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) on
24:
17:
1157:"Hurricane Andrew Discussion Thirty-Five"
1050:Christopher Landsea; et al. (2004).
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
993:"Tropical Storm Andrew Discussion Twenty"
1121:"Hurricane Andrew Discussion Thirty-One"
1119:Rappaport, Gerrish, & Pasch (1992).
949:"Tropical Storm Andrew Discussion Eight"
675:
627:
475:in four hours, the eye emerged into the
1908:
1903:
1181:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
1179:"Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Andrew"
927:"Tropical Storm Andrew Discussion Five"
843:
462:landfall, Andrew hit just northeast of
1133:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
822:List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
1896:
1891:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
7:
1077:"Hurricane Andrew Discussion Thirty"
1932:
1927:
1884:
1879:
1221:Florida Historical Society (2003).
224:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
1872:
1867:
1853:
1848:
14:
1920:
1915:
1203:. American Meteorological Society
1057:. American Meteorological Society
1947:
1946:
1802:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1264:
806:
288:strengthening on August 22.
509:Gulf Coast of the United States
1973:1992 Atlantic hurricane season
1794:1992 Atlantic hurricane season
1358:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
483:Final landfall and dissipation
403:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
353:became better established. An
148:1992 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
1817:
1812:
1155:Avila & Mayfield (1992).
1101:. Hurricane Research Division
552:Atlantic hurricane reanalysis
1223:"Today in Florida's History"
759:
754:
749:
741:
736:
731:
723:
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695:
685:
680:
670:
665:
657:
652:
647:
637:
632:
622:
617:
601:
596:
591:
95:175 mph (280 km/h)
30:The path of Hurricane Andrew
1310:Hurricane Research Division
1159:. National Hurricane Center
1123:. National Hurricane Center
1079:. National Hurricane Center
1017:. National Hurricane Center
995:. National Hurricane Center
973:. National Hurricane Center
951:. National Hurricane Center
929:. National Hurricane Center
907:. National Hurricane Center
1999:
1250:(Database). United States
766:Source: HURDAT, Hurricane
549:
70:Category 5 major hurricane
1942:
1809:
1800:
1792:Tropical cyclones of the
1731:
1252:National Hurricane Center
764:
662:
614:
558:
546:Reanalysis and statistics
436:eyewall replacement cycle
415:National Hurricane Center
154:
143:
75:
23:
1751:Tropical cyclones portal
814:Tropical cyclones portal
538:on August 29, over
491:Hurricane Andrew in the
216:sea surface temperatures
237:later that day and the
1097:Chris Landsea (2004).
496:
378:
289:
259:Southern United States
255:Morgan City, Louisiana
161:Meteorological history
134:Southern United States
37:Meteorological history
528:Appalachian Mountains
490:
413:. Operationally, the
372:
336:On August 19, a
280:
267:Appalachian Mountains
391:rapidly intensifying
100:Lowest pressure
1293:Re-Analysis Project
1177:David Roth (2007).
532:Mid-Atlantic states
365:Bahamas and Florida
212:barometric pressure
138:Mid-Atlantic states
20:
1407:"Cuba–Brownsville"
925:Rappaport (1992).
790:Clemson University
584:Landfall pressure
497:
495:on August 25.
452:Straits of Florida
379:
290:
247:Homestead, Florida
245:and just south of
226:while approaching
92:Highest winds
77:1-minute sustained
1960:
1959:
1759:
1758:
1075:Mayfield (1992).
1013:Mayfield (1992).
991:Mayfield (1992).
969:Lawrence (1992).
903:Mayfield (1992).
773:
772:
769:
768:Research Division
570:
338:Hurricane Hunters
197:
196:
1990:
1983:Hurricane Andrew
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1949:
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1906:
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1738:
1442:"Great Atlantic"
1351:
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1328:
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1280:
1274:
1268:
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1263:
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1259:
1244:
1238:
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1234:
1225:. Archived from
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1189:
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1174:
1168:
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1003:
1001:
1000:
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
947:Gerrish (1992).
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
882:Hurricane Andrew
877:
816:
811:
810:
809:
786:Perrine, Florida
765:
568:
556:
536:Hurricane Lester
387:Jupiter, Florida
310:Dvorak technique
286:Hurricane Andrew
282:Hurricane Lester
200:Hurricane Andrew
116:
71:
38:
28:
21:
19:Hurricane Andrew
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1877:
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1840:
1837:
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1727:
1698:
1651:
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1511:
1470:
1447:
1430:
1383:
1360:
1355:
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1314:
1312:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1254:. April 5, 2023
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901:
897:
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885:
879:
878:
845:
840:
812:
807:
805:
802:
767:
760:927 mbar (hPa)
742:926 mbar (hPa)
724:925 mbar (hPa)
706:922 mbar (hPa)
676:920 mbar (hPa)
658:919 mbar (hPa)
628:900 mbar (hPa)
567:
554:
548:
485:
367:
359:Nassau, Bahamas
275:
220:rapid deepening
218:, Andrew began
144:
121:Overall effects
103:
69:
64:August 29, 1992
56:August 28, 1992
46:August 16, 1992
36:
31:
12:
11:
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1284:Landsea, Chris
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751:"Florida Keys"
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501:Gulf of Mexico
493:Gulf of Mexico
484:
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477:Gulf of Mexico
424:Harbour Island
409:island in the
401:status on the
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263:frontal system
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208:Atlantic Ocean
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52:Extratropical
49:
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27:
22:
16:
1859:
1724: (2024)
1718: (2023)
1712: (2022)
1695: (2019)
1689: (2019)
1683: (2018)
1677: (2017)
1671: (2017)
1665: (2016)
1648: (2007)
1642: (2007)
1636: (2005)
1630: (2005)
1624: (2005)
1618: (2005)
1612: (2004)
1606: (2003)
1589: (1998)
1583: (1992)
1566: (1989)
1560: (1988)
1554: (1980)
1537: (1979)
1531: (1977)
1525: (1971)
1508: (1969)
1502: (1967)
1496: (1966)
1490: (1961)
1484: (1961)
1467: (1955)
1461: (1953)
1444: (1944)
1427: (1938)
1421: (1935)
1415: (1933)
1403: (1932)
1397: (1932)
1380: (1928)
1378:"Okeechobee"
1374: (1924)
1315:September 4,
1313:. Retrieved
1291:
1278:
1258:September 4,
1256:. Retrieved
1242:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1150:
1125:. Retrieved
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1019:. Retrieved
1008:
997:. Retrieved
986:
975:. Retrieved
964:
953:. Retrieved
942:
931:. Retrieved
920:
909:. Retrieved
898:
886:. Retrieved
794:
782:
776:
774:
561:Most intense
559:
540:Pennsylvania
521:
498:
473:
440:Bahama Banks
432:
380:
377:on August 23
335:
323:
291:
232:
198:
183:
182:
166:
165:
160:
155:
146:
145:Part of the
76:
15:
1419:"Labor Day"
715:"Indianola"
593:"Labor Day"
524:Mississippi
517:Morgan City
456:Elliott Key
448:Gulf Stream
428:storm surge
243:Elliott Key
228:The Bahamas
184:Other wikis
173:The Bahamas
130:The Bahamas
1967:Categories
1296:(Report).
1233:2007-01-31
1207:2007-01-26
1185:2007-08-29
1163:2007-08-28
1127:2007-08-28
1105:2007-08-28
1083:2007-08-28
1061:2007-08-28
1021:2007-08-28
999:2007-08-27
977:2007-08-27
955:2007-08-27
933:2007-08-27
911:2007-08-27
838:References
550:See also:
399:Category 5
341:1015
326:wind shear
306:Cape Verde
302:convection
61:Dissipated
1413:"Tampico"
1395:"Bahamas"
513:Louisiana
464:Homestead
407:Eleuthera
375:Eleuthera
314:rainbands
235:Eleuthera
1952:Category
1898:Danielle
1741:Category
1136:cite web
800:See also
383:landfall
319:Barbados
1934:Frances
1886:Charley
1860:history
1693:Lorenzo
1681:Michael
1663:Matthew
1622:Katrina
1558:Gilbert
1506:Camille
1302:Florida
667:Katrina
649:Michael
619:Camille
581:Season
578:System
499:In the
469:Tamiami
460:Florida
450:in the
411:Bahamas
351:outflow
273:Origins
178:Florida
167:Effects
156:General
1874:Bonnie
1855:Andrew
1687:Dorian
1604:Isabel
1581:Andrew
1500:Beulah
1488:Hattie
1482:Esther
1409:(1933)
1401:"Cuba"
1372:"Cuba"
888:May 8,
733:"Guam"
697:Andrew
505:trough
347:trough
43:Formed
1910:Seven
1722:Beryl
1703:2020s
1675:Maria
1656:2010s
1646:Felix
1634:Wilma
1616:Emily
1597:2000s
1587:Mitch
1574:1990s
1552:Allen
1545:1980s
1535:David
1529:Anita
1523:Edith
1516:1970s
1475:1960s
1465:Janet
1459:Carol
1452:1950s
1435:1940s
1388:1930s
1365:1920s
1298:Miami
1055:(PDF)
682:Maria
575:Rank
385:near
298:ridge
204:ridge
81:SSHWS
1922:Earl
1669:Irma
1640:Dean
1628:Rita
1610:Ivan
1564:Hugo
1494:Inez
1317:2024
1260:2024
1142:link
890:2012
756:1919
738:1900
720:1886
702:1992
687:2017
672:2005
654:2018
639:2018
634:Yutu
624:1969
604:mbar
602:892
598:1935
420:gust
395:mbar
343:mbar
284:and
114:inHg
106:mbar
104:922
1843:Two
1831:One
1819:One
1716:Lee
1710:Ian
747:10
608:hPa
355:eye
330:UTC
110:hPa
85:NWS
1969::
1917:TS
1905:TD
1893:TS
1838:TD
1826:TD
1814:SS
1308:,
1304::
1300:,
1290:.
1138:}}
1134:{{
1030:^
846:^
729:9
711:8
693:7
663:5
645:4
615:2
610:)
589:1
542:.
471:.
361:.
321:.
292:A
269:.
230:.
136:,
132:,
1929:1
1881:2
1869:2
1862:)
1858:(
1850:5
1785:e
1778:t
1771:v
1350:e
1343:t
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1188:.
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1086:.
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1024:.
1002:.
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958:.
936:.
914:.
892:.
606:(
108:(
87:)
83:/
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
