418:. Topoisomerase V is a unique enzyme because it possesses both topoisomerase and DNA repair activities, specifically multiple DNA repair sites that can act independently of each other even if there is damage to one of the sites on the DNA. Although topoisomerase V is useful in this case, finding other hyperthermophiles that have topoisomerase V has proven difficult. This lack of topoisomerase V in other archaeon has led researchers to believe that the origin of the enzyme in
48:
370:
can survive up to temperatures of 122 °C, although optimal growth has been determined to be at 98 °C. High internal ionic cell concentrations (>1 M) are required for cell growth and activity. Due to the extremity of environment that
312:
denaturation in high temperatures. The increased concentration of cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate protects the methanogen, helping it survive in an environment that many other organisms could not. Beyond this compound to help protect the proteins,
1008:
Kurr M, Huber R, König H, Jannasch HW, Fricke H, Trincone A, Kristjansson JK, Stetter KO (September 1991). "Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens, growing at 110°C".
357:
have been isolated from various submarine hydrothermal vents from locations in the Gulf of
California, Central Indian Ridge, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Iceland. The species was first discovered on the wall of a
194:
at a depth of 2,000 m, at temperatures of 84–110 °C. Strain 116 was discovered in black smoker fluid of the Kairei hydrothermal field; it can survive and reproduce at 122 °C.
399:. The single circular chromosome possesses 1,691 protein-coding genes and 39 RNA genes. The species also possesses a large number of orphan genes, possibly through viral gene transfer.
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2781:
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is a result of viral gene transfer and the unusual amount of orphan genes in the species provides evidence for this theory. Additionally, the evolved cellular responses in
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467:
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773:"Salt dependence, kinetic properties and catalytic mechanism of N-formylmethanofuran:tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase from the extreme thermophile
426:
due to its extreme environment has been another subject of research, as scientists look to apply the resilient enzymatic processes for industrial purposes.
963:"RNA-Seq analyses reveal the order of tRNA processing events and the maturation of C/D box and CRISPR RNAs in the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri"
2902:
2742:
2595:
2435:
2941:
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494:"Cell proliferation at 122 degrees C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation"
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resides in, it is hypothesized that further phylogenetic isolation has occurred due to the exclusivity of the species niche.
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utilizes hydrogen as an electron source and reduces carbon dioxide from the environment into methane, a process known as
930:"Structural characterization of the ribonuclease H-like type ASKHA superfamily kinase MK0840 from Methanopyrus kandleri"
47:
1925:
2799:
2236:
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1054:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
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458:
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was sequenced by researchers at
Fidelity Systems. It was determined to be a GC-rich genome containing 1,694,969
2087:
640:"Search for the most 'primitive' membranes and their reinforcers: a review of the polyprenyl phosphates theory"
572:
Slesarev AI, Mezhevaya KV, Makarova KS, Polushin NN, Shcherbinina OV, Shakhova VV, et al. (April 2002).
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2210:
2203:
2189:
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topoisomerase V contains three distinct AP lyase active sites in addition to the topoisomerase active site"
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1918:
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202:) in order for growth and cellular activity. Due to the species' high resilience and extreme environment,
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also has a high salt concentration inside its membrane. This increased concentration of salt helps with
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Oren, Aharon (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.),
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with an approximate length of 2–14 μm and diameter of 0.5 μm. The cellular membrane of
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Takai K, Nakamura K, Toki T, Tsunogai U, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki J, et al. (August 2008).
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183:
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has a high concentration of cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. This compound is often found in
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2276:
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2005:
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Nakatani Y, Ribeiro N, Streiff S, Gotoh M, Pozzi G, Désaubry L, Milon A (September 2014).
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to survive in such high temperatures and helps to relax both positively and negatively
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1941:
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is also the only species known to have topoisomerase V. Topoisomerase V allows for
359:
207:
199:
187:
2414:
839:
822:
715:
2881:
2721:
2532:
771:
Breitung J, Börner G, Scholz S, Linder D, Stetter KO, Thauer RK (December 1992).
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1960:
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
498:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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2020:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1965:
1955:
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lipids, believed to be one of the most primitive lipids and a predecessor to
2479:
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2015:
1975:
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267:
251:
1000:
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found in later archaea. Terpenoid lipids are a group of lipids containing
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2105:
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1980:
1970:
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stability and promotes activity of the enzymes at higher temperatures.
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59:
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2131:
863:
318:
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710:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 247–252,
218:
rich environment, and like other methanogens reduces the latter to
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259:
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1910:
1664:
282:. Although terpenoids are the main component of the membrane in
2427:
2360:
1914:
1103:
862:
Rajan, Rakhi; Osterman, Amy; Mondragón, Alfonso (2016-04-20).
2894:
2734:
934:
366:
at a depth of 2,000 m, at temperatures of 84–110 °C.
928:
Schacherl M, Waltersperger S, Baumann U (December 2013).
823:"DNA topoisomerase V: a new fold of mysterious origin"
345:
and does not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
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2179:
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1047:
198:also requires a high ionic concentration (>1
644:Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
1926:
1115:
468:National Center for Biotechnology Information
286:, they are more of a supporting structure in
8:
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1933:
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31:
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574:"The complete genome of hyperthermophile
527:
517:
1095:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
447:
3032:Marine fauna of the Gulf of California
1049:"Family I. Methanopyralceae fam. nov."
961:Su AA, Tripp V, Randau L (July 2013).
578:and monophyly of archaeal methanogens"
567:
1052:. In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.).
633:
631:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
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341:is a chemolithoautotrophic, obligate
7:
816:
814:
812:
766:
764:
697:
695:
693:
691:
487:
485:
483:
298:is motile via polar flagella tufts.
176:, with a single described species,
794:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17502.x
25:
2252:Acidophiles in acid mine drainage
781:European Journal of Biochemistry
46:
821:Forterre, Patrick (June 2006).
230:Microbiological characteristics
186:, discovered on the wall of a
1:
840:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.04.006
716:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_328
1046:Huber R; Stetter KO (2001).
704:"The Family Methanopyraceae"
250:is unique as it consists of
461:. Data extracted from the
3053:
2237:Abiogenic petroleum origin
2170:Thermococcus gammatolerans
1056:(2nd ed.). New York:
576:Methanopyrus kandleri AV19
1891:
1142:
946:10.1107/S0907444913022683
664:10.1007/s11084-014-9365-6
464:"NCBI taxonomy resources"
222:. It is placed among the
206:is also classified as an
150:
143:
43:Scientific classification
41:
34:
2088:Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1011:Archives of Microbiology
391:of which about 62.1% is
2211:Halicephalobus mephisto
2204:Paralvinella sulfincola
2190:Cyanidioschyzon merolae
2095:Deinococcus radiodurans
1529:Methanomassiliicoccales
1454:Methanonatronarchaeales
975:Oxford University Press
827:Trends in Biotechnology
519:10.1073/pnas.0712334105
459:webpage on Methanopyrus
383:The complete genome of
1451:Methanonatronarchaeia
1361:"Methanofastidiosales"
967:Nucleic Acids Research
872:Nucleic Acids Research
603:10.1073/pnas.032671499
436:List of Archaea genera
108:Huber and Stetter 2002
94:Huber and Stetter 2002
2640:methanopyrus-kandleri
2548:Methanopyrus kandleri
2518:Methanopyrus kandleri
2197:Galdieria sulphuraria
2126:Spirochaeta americana
1733:"Methanomethylicales"
1301:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
1298:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
1292:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
1089:Methanopyrus kandleri
866:Methanopyrus kandleri
775:Methanopyrus kandleri
408:Methanopyrus kandleri
385:Methanopyrus kandleri
308:, helping to prevent
302:Methanopyrus kandleri
240:Methanopyrus kandleri
182:. It is a rod-shaped
179:Methanopyrus kandleri
154:Methanopyrus kandleri
2787:methanopyraceae.html
2119:Thermus thermophilus
1851:"Heimdallarchaeales"
1730:"Methanomethylicia"
1712:"Geothermarchaeales"
1533:"Natronoplasmatales"
1519:"Aciduliprofundales"
1478:"Syntropharchaeales"
226:, in its own class.
2960:methanopyrales.html
2318:Radiotrophic fungus
2295:Helaeomyia petrolei
2242:Acidithiobacillales
2151:Pyrococcus furiosus
1898:Alternative views:
1501:"Thermoprofundales"
1472:"Syntropharchaeia"
1311:"Methanobacteriota"
1284:"Persephonarchaeia"
1023:1991ArMic.156..239K
656:2014OLEB...44..197N
594:2002PNAS...99.4644S
510:2008PNAS..10510949T
1709:Conexivisphaerales
1570:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
1536:"Sysuiplasmatales"
1445:Methanomicrobiales
1434:"Methanoliparales"
1323:Methanobacteriales
1031:10.1007/BF00262992
983:10.1093/nar/gkt317
940:(Pt 12): 2440–50.
884:10.1093/nar/gkw122
379:Genomic properties
364:Gulf of California
192:Gulf of California
3009:
3008:
2981:Open Tree of Life
2808:Open Tree of Life
2661:Open Tree of Life
2501:Open Tree of Life
2480:methanopyrus.html
2363:Taxon identifiers
2354:
2353:
2301:Hydrothermal vent
2225:
2224:
2163:Pyrolobus fumarii
2112:Thermus aquaticus
1908:
1907:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1836:Heimdallarchaeota
1815:"Sigynarchaeales"
1768:
1767:
1736:"Nezhaarchaeales"
1716:Nitrososphaerales
1642:"Undinarchaeota"
1622:"Nanohalarchaeia"
1595:"Huberarchaeota"
1565:Aenigmatarchaeota
1550:
1549:
1540:Thermoplasmatales
1525:"Lunaplasmatales"
1522:"Gimiplasmatales"
1475:"Methanophagales"
1463:Methanosarcinales
1431:"Methanoliparia"
1396:"Mnemosynellales"
1071:978-0-387-98771-2
725:978-3-642-38953-5
329:As a methanogen,
165:
164:
125:
109:
95:
16:(Redirected from
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3001:
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2358:
2257:Archaeoglobaceae
2230:Related articles
2075:
2055:Thermoacidophile
2050:Hyperthermophile
2026:Polyextremophile
1935:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1876:"Wukongarchaeia"
1868:"Borrarchaeales"
1857:"Kariarchaeales"
1848:"Gerdarchaeales"
1844:Heimdallarchaeia
1812:"Lokiarchaeales"
1796:"Hermodarchaeia"
1779:
1749:"Marsarchaeales"
1725:"Culexarchaeles"
1722:"Culexarchaeia"
1706:"Caldarchaeales"
1670:
1661:
1617:Nanohalarchaeota
1490:Thermoplasmatota
1467:Methanotrichales
1459:Methanosarcinia
1421:"Methanocellia"
1353:"Theionarchaeia"
1265:
1171:
1151:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1101:
1075:
1051:
1042:
1004:
994:
957:
914:
913:
903:
878:(7): 3464–3474.
859:
853:
852:
842:
818:
807:
806:
796:
768:
759:
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756:
755:
741:
735:
734:
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635:
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605:
569:
542:
541:
531:
521:
504:(31): 10949–54.
489:
478:
477:
475:
474:
452:
306:hyperthermophile
242:is a rod-shaped
210:. It lives in a
184:hyperthermophile
160:Kurr et al. 1992
156:
136:M. kandleri
124:Kurr et al. 1992
123:
107:
93:
51:
50:
32:
27:Genus of archaea
21:
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3041:
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3011:
3010:
3005:
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2728:
2720:
2715:
2708:Methanopyraceae
2706:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2678:Methanopyraceae
2672:
2664:
2659:
2651:
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2638:
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2620:
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2599:
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2413:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2341:Thermostability
2277:Grylloblattidae
2247:Acidobacteriota
2221:
2175:
2136:
2070:
2064:
2006:Metallotolerant
1944:
1939:
1909:
1904:
1879:
1871:"Sifarchaeales"
1862:"Njordarchaeia"
1854:"Hodarchaeales"
1830:
1809:"Helarchaeales"
1793:"Freyrarchaeia"
1790:"Baldrarchaeia"
1764:
1758:Thermoproteales
1702:Nitrososphaeria
1686:"Korarchaeales"
1656:Proteoarchaeota
1650:
1645:"Undinarchaeia"
1598:"Huberarchaeia"
1575:"Altarchaeota"
1546:
1509:"Poseidoniales"
1483:
1440:Methanomicrobia
1425:Methanocellales
1416:"Hikarchaeales"
1407:Halobacteriales
1392:Archaeoglobales
1371:
1335:Methanococcales
1318:Methanobacteria
1306:
1287:
1279:"Hadarchaeales"
1254:
1253:
1169:
1147:
1138:
1128:
1087:Type strain of
1083:
1078:
1072:
1058:Springer Verlag
1045:
1007:
960:
927:
923:
921:Further reading
918:
917:
861:
860:
856:
820:
819:
810:
770:
769:
762:
753:
751:
743:
742:
738:
730:
728:
726:
708:The Prokaryotes
701:
700:
689:
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636:
629:
571:
570:
545:
491:
490:
481:
472:
470:
462:
453:
449:
444:
432:
416:supercoiled DNA
405:
403:Future research
381:
351:
327:
237:
232:
161:
158:
152:
139:
122:
106:
104:Methanopyraceae
92:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Archaea genera
3014:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2925:
2912:
2899:
2886:
2873:
2868:Methanopyrales
2858:
2842:
2840:
2838:Methanopyrales
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2698:
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2680:
2674:
2673:
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2657:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2592:
2579:
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2553:
2538:
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2373:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Thermoproteota
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2043:
2041:Radioresistant
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Lithoautotroph
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1865:"Sifarchaeia"
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1800:
1799:"Jordarchaeia"
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1746:"Gearchaeales"
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:"Hecatellales"
1689:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1674:Thermoproteota
1667:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:"Nanohalobiia"
1635:
1634:"Nanoarchaeia"
1625:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:"Micrarchaeia"
1601:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:"Iainarchaeia"
1581:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:Thermoplasmata
1512:
1511:
1510:
1506:"Poseidoniia"
1504:
1503:
1502:
1498:"Izemarchaea"
1495:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1413:"Hikarchaeia"
1411:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1383:
1381:
1378:Halobacteriota
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1365:Thermococcales
1362:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:Methanopyrales
1339:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1276:"Hadarchaeia"
1273:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:Mesomycetozoea
1241:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1180:Diaphoretickes
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:classification
1129:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1082:
1081:External links
1079:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1043:
1017:(4): 239–247.
1005:
958:
924:
922:
919:
916:
915:
854:
833:(6): 245–247.
808:
760:
736:
724:
687:
650:(3): 197–208.
627:
543:
479:
446:
445:
443:
440:
439:
438:
431:
428:
404:
401:
380:
377:
350:
347:
335:methanogenesis
326:
323:
236:
233:
231:
228:
216:carbon dioxide
172:is a genus of
163:
162:
159:
148:
147:
141:
140:
133:
131:
127:
126:
115:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
90:Methanopyrales
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Methanopyrales
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3049:
3038:
3037:Euryarchaeota
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:Halobacterium
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:extremophiles
2067:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:Extremophiles
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1783:Lokiarchaeota
1780:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:Thermoproteia
1740:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:Bathyarchaeia
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:Nanoarchaeota
1626:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:Micrarchaeota
1602:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:Iainarchaeota
1582:
1578:"Altarchaeia"
1577:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:Archaeoglobia
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Euryarchaeota
1257:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Stramenopiles
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:(major groups
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
925:
920:
911:
907:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
867:
858:
855:
850:
846:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
795:
790:
787:(3): 971–81.
786:
782:
778:
776:
767:
765:
761:
750:
749:www.ebi.ac.uk
746:
740:
737:
727:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:
696:
694:
692:
688:
683:
679:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
595:
591:
588:(7): 4644–9.
587:
583:
579:
577:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
488:
486:
484:
480:
469:
465:
460:
457:
451:
448:
441:
437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
369:
365:
361:
356:
348:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
229:
227:
225:
224:Euryarchaeota
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
155:
149:
146:
145:Binomial name
142:
138:
137:
132:
129:
128:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
105:
102:
99:
98:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
70:Euryarchaeota
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3027:Thermophiles
2837:
2677:
2517:
2401:Methanopyrus
2371:Methanopyrus
2370:
2346:Thermotogota
2333:
2307:Methanopyrus
2306:
2305:
2293:
2286:
2282:Halobacteria
2262:Berkeley Pit
2217:Pompeii worm
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2168:
2161:
2149:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2101:Deinococcota
2093:
2086:
2048: /
2036:Psychrophile
1826:Thorarchaeia
1821:Odinarchaeia
1804:Lokiarchaeia
1753:Sulfolobales
1402:Halobacteria
1330:Methanococci
1269:Hadarchaeota
1229:Opisthokonta
1092:
1088:
1053:
1014:
1010:
970:
966:
937:
933:
875:
871:
865:
857:
830:
826:
784:
780:
774:
752:. Retrieved
748:
739:
729:, retrieved
707:
647:
643:
585:
581:
575:
501:
497:
471:. Retrieved
450:
423:
419:
411:
407:
406:
384:
382:
372:
367:
360:black smoker
354:
353:Cultures of
352:
338:
330:
328:
314:
301:
300:
295:
283:
247:
239:
238:
208:extremophile
203:
195:
188:black smoker
178:
177:
169:Methanopyrus
168:
167:
166:
153:
151:
135:
134:
119:Methanopyrus
118:
117:
103:
89:
36:Methanopyrus
35:
29:
2916:iNaturalist
2862:Wikispecies
2702:Wikispecies
2542:Wikispecies
2395:Wikispecies
2313:Movile Cave
2267:Blood Falls
2046:Thermophile
2031:Psammophile
1961:Alkaliphile
1900:Wikispecies
1682:Korarchaeia
1357:Thermococci
1342:Methanopyri
1131:Prokaryotes
424:M. kandleri
420:M. kandleri
412:M. kandleri
389:nucleotides
373:M. kandleri
368:M. kandleri
355:M. kandleri
339:M. kandleri
331:M. kandleri
315:M. kandleri
296:M. kandleri
284:M. kandleri
264:cholesterol
248:M. kandleri
204:M. kandleri
196:M. kandleri
80:Methanopyri
3016:Categories
2336:polymerase
2328:Tardigrade
2157:Strain 121
2021:Piezophile
2011:Oligotroph
2001:Methanogen
1996:Lithophile
1966:Capnophile
1956:Acidophile
1060:. p.
977:: 6250–8.
754:2021-04-23
745:"InterPro"
731:2021-10-11
473:2007-03-19
442:References
325:Metabolism
280:bisphytane
272:carotenoid
244:methanogen
235:Morphology
174:methanogen
2533:Q16664181
2323:Rio Tinto
2181:Eukaryota
2060:Xerophile
2016:Osmophile
1986:Lipophile
1976:Halophile
1224:Amoebozoa
1202:Alveolata
1190:Cryptista
1165:Eukaryota
892:0305-1048
362:from the
288:eukaryote
268:hopanoids
252:terpenoid
190:from the
130:Species:
66:Kingdom:
2853:Q6823597
2847:Wikidata
2693:Q6823596
2687:Wikidata
2614:10033541
2527:Wikidata
2386:Q2700637
2380:Wikidata
2106:Snottite
2079:Bacteria
1981:Hypolith
1971:Endolith
1219:Amorphea
1197:Rhizaria
1185:Hacrobia
1175:Excavata
1160:Bacteria
1039:20254769
1001:23620296
954:24311585
910:26908655
849:16650908
682:25351682
622:11930014
538:18664583
454:See the
430:See also
397:cytosine
343:anaerobe
292:bacteria
256:phytanyl
212:hydrogen
100:Family:
56:Domain:
2986:1039775
2601:1000423
2588:1015752
2557:BacDive
2454:1061510
2441:1000422
2142:Archaea
2069:Notable
1895:Source:
1234:Animals
1155:Archaea
1135:Archaea
1019:Bibcode
992:3695527
901:4838376
803:1483480
673:4669544
652:Bibcode
590:Bibcode
529:2490668
506:Bibcode
393:guanine
349:Habitat
310:protein
276:phytane
220:methane
114:Genus:
86:Order:
76:Class:
60:Archaea
2999:416263
2947:951447
2921:152514
2826:416264
2813:577717
2800:183713
2774:951467
2761:106062
2666:891930
2627:951840
2506:487507
2467:951550
2428:101716
2132:GFAJ-1
1774:Asgard
1212:Plants
1149:Domain
1091:at Bac
1068:
1037:
999:
989:
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952:
908:
898:
890:
847:
801:
722:
680:
670:
620:
613:123701
610:
536:
526:
319:enzyme
278:, and
260:ethers
2994:WoRMS
2973:68985
2934:11567
2929:IRMNG
2821:WoRMS
2756:IRMNG
2609:IRMNG
2575:6RFJ2
2449:IRMNG
1949:Types
1556:DPANN
1239:Fungi
1035:S2CID
2968:NCBI
2955:LPSN
2942:ITIS
2908:1195
2903:GBIF
2895:7931
2795:NCBI
2782:LPSN
2769:ITIS
2748:3807
2743:GBIF
2735:7932
2653:2320
2648:NCBI
2635:LPSN
2622:ITIS
2596:GBIF
2562:7044
2493:2319
2488:NCBI
2475:LPSN
2462:ITIS
2436:GBIF
2415:5QT7
1665:TACK
1093:Dive
1066:ISBN
997:PMID
950:PMID
906:PMID
888:ISSN
845:PMID
799:PMID
720:ISBN
678:PMID
618:PMID
534:PMID
456:NCBI
290:and
2890:EoL
2882:3JY
2877:CoL
2730:EoL
2722:CPD
2717:CoL
2583:EoL
2570:CoL
2423:EoL
2410:CoL
2334:Taq
1062:169
1027:doi
1015:156
987:PMC
979:doi
942:doi
896:PMC
880:doi
835:doi
789:doi
785:210
712:doi
668:PMC
660:doi
608:PMC
598:doi
524:PMC
514:doi
502:105
395:or
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