934:(MCAM). Like buprenorphine, MCAM binds pseudoirreversibly to mu opioid receptors; however, it does not appear to produce agonist effects at mu opioid receptors under any conditions. Instead, MCAM produces long-lasting antagonism at mu opioid receptors, as evidenced by attenuation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine in rodents, with the morphine dose-effect curve shifted up to hundredfold rightward (Peckham et al. 2005) and antagonist effects evident for at least 2 days after administration (Broadbear et al. 2000).
889:
received a $ 4.12 million award from the U.S. National
Institutes of Health (NIH) to investigate innovative drug development research of the compound methocinnamox (MCAM) to help combat the opioid epidemic. This NIH funding mechanism, specifically UG3/UH3, has one precise objective to advance the discovery into the clinical setting. "We want to get this into the clinic," France said. "Under the best of conditions, we hope to have this compound into a phase one clinical trial sometime in 2024."
38:
933:
Given the advantages of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid use disorder, additional compounds related to buprenorphine were synthesized in an attempt to reduce its adverse effects (Broadbear et al. 2000). These efforts resulted in the discovery of the mu opioid receptor antagonist methocinnamox
888:
Charles P. France, PhD, the Robert A. Welch
Distinguished University Chair in Chemistry, professor of pharmacology and professor of psychiatry in the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio), recently
788:
Broadbear JH, Sumpter TL, Burke TF, Husbands SM, Lewis JW, Woods JH, et al. (September 2000). "Methocinnamox is a potent, long-lasting, and selective antagonist of morphine-mediated antinociception in the mouse: comparison with clocinnamox, beta-funaltrexamine, and beta-chlornaltrexamine".
239:
281:
InChI=1S/C30H31ClN2O4/c1-36-23-10-7-20-16-24-30(32-25(35)11-6-18-4-8-21(31)9-5-18)13-12-22(34)28-29(30,26(20)27(23)37-28)14-15-33(24)17-19-2-3-19/h4-11,19,24,28H,2-3,12-17H2,1H3,(H,32,35)/b11-6+/t24-,28+,29+,30-/m1/s1
1020:
4231:
253:
1013:
4251:
918:
4246:
1604:
1006:
872:
946:
Comer SD, Burke TF, Lewis JW, Woods JH (September 1992). "Clocinnamox: a novel, systemically-active, irreversible opioid antagonist".
4191:
273:
3368:
564:
974:
3363:
70:
4256:
4236:
4221:
3288:
3775:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2241:
1159:
1154:
1149:
571:
4261:
4226:
4196:
3496:
2486:
1639:
2622:
2356:
4271:
4241:
3767:
3466:
3461:
2853:
2196:
1284:
905:. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 258. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 127–145.
486:
482:
3486:
2476:
2201:
1634:
1519:
821:"Behavioral pharmacology of methocinnamox: A potential new treatment for opioid overdose and opioid use disorder"
3947:
2050:
4201:
3980:
3398:
3248:
2858:
2496:
1539:
3456:
3451:
2617:
1862:
1857:
3762:
2667:
2376:
586:
of MCCAM, was first described in 2000. MCAM was under development for the treatment of opioid dependence and
4036:
2075:
541:
522:
502:
474:
356:
3873:
3661:
2863:
1877:
1852:
1751:
1069:
901:
Gerak LR, Maguire DR, France CP (2019). "Behavioral
Pharmacology of Drugs Acting at Mu Opioid Receptors".
490:
414:
2747:
163:
3018:
1314:
560:
438:
333:
3868:
2742:
3985:
4206:
2831:
2174:
1624:
1094:
1089:
1074:
1040:
391:
384:
318:
311:
2637:
2110:
4159:
4154:
3795:
3787:
3745:
3591:
3551:
2878:
2848:
2697:
2677:
2306:
2191:
2000:
1975:
1937:
1892:
1847:
1079:
537:
478:
410:
402:
381:
360:
329:
308:
4064:
3828:
2105:
734:"The Potential of Methocinnamox as a Future Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Narrative Review"
670:
4216:
3843:
3691:
3168:
3053:
2998:
2687:
2446:
2421:
2311:
1965:
1801:
1645:
1464:
1429:
1269:
1229:
1124:
1032:
437:). Due to its pseudo-irreversible nature, MCCAM is insurmountable by conventional reversible MOR
3990:
3960:
3911:
3631:
3621:
3476:
2722:
2717:
2632:
2226:
1872:
4099:
3571:
3425:
3088:
2903:
2546:
1955:
4266:
4010:
4000:
3481:
3193:
2873:
2868:
2642:
2206:
1887:
1449:
1084:
955:
924:
914:
850:
798:
765:
641:
583:
575:
533:
518:
466:
418:
348:
344:
143:
4046:
4015:
3916:
3803:
3656:
3636:
3526:
3506:
3233:
2556:
1554:
1184:
3881:
3818:
3641:
3357:
3283:
3238:
3008:
2802:
2737:
2591:
2491:
2331:
2045:
1691:
1304:
990:
Researchers say they hope to have in human clinical trials within the next 18 to 24 months.
906:
840:
832:
755:
745:
179:
3726:
3651:
3646:
3581:
642:"Methoclocinnamox: A μ Partial Agonist With Pharmacotherapeutic Potential for Heroin Abuse"
4211:
3531:
3058:
3013:
2361:
2336:
1950:
1379:
1309:
1164:
1055:
1029:
587:
498:
434:
387:
364:
314:
3471:
2627:
1867:
845:
820:
3833:
3158:
2456:
2436:
2431:
2236:
1494:
1454:
1444:
1404:
1299:
1264:
1169:
1144:
1099:
760:
733:
421:
symptoms, and provides long-lasting blockade and protection against the effects of MOR
343:(CCAM), was first described by 1995, and was of interest in the potential treatment of
505:. The metabolism of MCCAM also shows species differences between rodents and monkeys.
4185:
4149:
4056:
3808:
3586:
3541:
3491:
3414:
3402:
3108:
3023:
3003:
2988:
2983:
2928:
2702:
2692:
2396:
2316:
2040:
1980:
1970:
1907:
1882:
1676:
1619:
1409:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1319:
1254:
1204:
1189:
1104:
579:
568:
545:
529:
457:-like in many regards, but differs from buprenorphine in its pseudo-irreversibility.
454:
352:
123:
22:
332:-like effects. The drug has long-lasting effects and is insurmountable by other MOR
4144:
4079:
4005:
3813:
3388:
3353:
3153:
2958:
2817:
2411:
2406:
2301:
2276:
2271:
2095:
2020:
1766:
1721:
1574:
1569:
1524:
1424:
1259:
1224:
1219:
698:
563:
by 1992. MCCAM was first described by 1995. It was developed by researchers at the
422:
29:
4074:
4051:
3965:
3891:
3858:
3838:
3716:
3701:
3696:
3686:
3676:
3596:
3566:
3561:
3406:
3378:
3373:
3343:
3328:
3318:
3298:
3293:
3253:
3218:
3208:
3163:
3143:
3128:
3123:
3093:
3038:
3033:
3028:
2973:
2948:
2933:
2908:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2772:
2712:
2707:
2682:
2541:
2531:
2511:
2471:
2466:
2441:
2426:
2391:
2386:
2286:
2261:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2055:
1985:
1942:
1786:
1716:
1686:
1671:
1656:
1629:
1594:
1579:
1564:
1549:
1514:
1504:
1474:
1459:
1434:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1334:
1329:
1289:
1279:
1214:
1199:
1174:
1134:
1119:
1109:
556:
525:
470:
340:
732:
Jordan CG, Kennalley AL, Roberts AL, Nemes KM, Dolma T, Piper BJ (April 2022).
37:
4169:
4139:
4114:
3995:
3906:
3886:
3863:
3706:
3681:
3671:
3626:
3616:
3601:
3516:
3410:
3338:
3333:
3308:
3278:
3268:
3243:
3228:
3203:
3173:
3148:
3138:
3098:
3078:
3068:
3048:
2978:
2963:
2782:
2762:
2757:
2732:
2662:
2601:
2581:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2461:
2451:
2381:
2296:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2080:
2070:
2035:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1927:
1771:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1711:
1681:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1534:
1489:
1469:
1439:
1389:
1369:
1324:
1249:
1139:
1129:
450:
446:
215:
134:
998:
750:
4124:
4119:
4069:
4041:
3970:
3931:
3926:
3901:
3896:
3823:
3731:
3721:
3611:
3521:
3435:
3393:
3383:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3273:
3263:
3258:
3213:
3183:
3063:
3043:
2943:
2938:
2893:
2812:
2807:
2767:
2752:
2727:
2657:
2596:
2566:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2366:
2256:
2221:
2216:
2160:
2085:
2065:
2060:
2030:
1960:
1922:
1902:
1897:
1837:
1821:
1811:
1756:
1666:
1614:
1609:
1544:
1499:
1479:
1359:
1349:
1194:
873:"UT Health San Antonio Professor France leads novel drug discovery research"
494:
430:
406:
359:, was first described in 2000 and is under development for the treatment of
928:
854:
802:
769:
959:
4129:
3921:
3666:
3576:
3556:
3546:
3501:
3430:
3223:
3133:
3118:
3083:
3073:
2953:
2777:
2672:
2647:
2586:
2571:
2481:
2401:
2371:
2351:
2321:
2266:
2246:
2211:
2100:
2025:
2010:
1932:
1912:
1781:
1776:
1761:
1731:
1701:
1661:
1529:
1419:
1364:
1274:
1209:
1179:
1064:
910:
442:
261:
COC1=C2C3=C(C45(3(CCN4CC6CC6)(O2)C(=O)CC5)NC(=O)/C=C/C7=CC=C(C=C7)Cl)C=C1
640:
Woods JH, Lewis JW, Winger G, Butelman E, Broadbear J, Zernig G (1995).
347:. However, it was not further developed and was never marketed. A close
4094:
3975:
3853:
3536:
3420:
3198:
3188:
2416:
2346:
2281:
2231:
2090:
1842:
1816:
1806:
1791:
1696:
1509:
1484:
1234:
1114:
398:
325:
109:
648:. DHEW publication. National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 195–219
4104:
4089:
4084:
3955:
3848:
3511:
3178:
2993:
2652:
2576:
2561:
2551:
2326:
1917:
1796:
1414:
1294:
836:
395:
322:
154:
4109:
3711:
3606:
3348:
3103:
2968:
2341:
2291:
2251:
2015:
1706:
1650:
1559:
1244:
1239:
426:
238:
229:
3113:
1002:
574:(NIH). The drug was of interest in the possible treatment of
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
783:
781:
779:
948:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
791:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
866:
864:
425:(including their reinforcing effects as well as their
405:-like effects in animals. More specifically, it has
86:-isoquinolin-4a-yl]-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide
4028:
3940:
3755:
3744:
3444:
2841:
2830:
2610:
2184:
2173:
1830:
1050:
1039:
814:
812:
227:
214:
178:
173:
153:
133:
108:
61:
49:
44:
501:of MCCAM, and by extension its effects, differ by
355:(MCAM), which in contrast to MCCAM acts as a MOR
4172:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
825:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
122:
975:"New drug blocks the fatal effects of opioids?"
699:"D0F1EB (MC-CAM) - Therapeutic Target Database"
1014:
644:. In National Institute on Drug Abuse (ed.).
8:
28:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
3752:
2838:
2181:
1047:
1021:
1007:
999:
665:
663:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
142:
36:
844:
759:
749:
599:
278:
258:
75:
27:
693:
691:
413:effects, appears to lack significant
162:
7:
871:Alvarez-Hernandez J (7 March 2023).
819:Maguire DR, France CP (March 2023).
4232:Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings
481:of MCCAM, 70 to 80% of the drug is
113:
578:. However, it was never marketed.
559:(CCAM) was first described in the
14:
2989:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
2317:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
1270:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
1255:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
3369:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
565:National Institute on Drug Abuse
199:
196:
190:
3364:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
465:MCCAM is known to be partially
286:Key:LZSMGMMAKBCSRL-WDJVXPEUSA-N
4252:Mu-opioid receptor antagonists
3289:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
475:pseudo-irreversible antagonist
357:pseudo-irreversible antagonist
205:
184:
1:
3264:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
2457:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
2066:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
1495:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
572:National Institutes of Health
321:(MOR). It shows a mixture of
2487:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
4247:Mu-opioid receptor agonists
4140:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
3768:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
3149:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
1635:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
493:, up to 70% of the drug is
4288:
4160:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
3780:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
2884:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
2051:Methylsamidorphan chloride
1285:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
1110:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
303:; developmental code name
174:Chemical and physical data
53:MCCAM; MC-CAM; NIH-10420;
20:
4080:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
3487:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
3399:Tricyclic antidepressants
2477:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
1520:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
433:effects, for instance in
269:
249:
66:
35:
4192:4-Chlorophenyl compounds
4065:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
4037:Enkephalinase inhibitors
3966:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
3948:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
3864:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
751:10.3390/pharmacy10030048
671:"Compound: CHEMBL386272"
523:irreversible antagonists
517:-methylclocinnamox, is
497:unchanged. As such, the
21:Not to be confused with
3763:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
3034:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
2076:Nalorphine dinicotinate
973:Moss L (4 March 2020).
903:Substance Use Disorders
646:NIDA Research Monograph
542:structural modification
503:route of administration
467:metabolically converted
339:MCCAM was derived from
3379:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
3324:Pethidine (meperidine)
2517:Pethidine (meperidine)
2207:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
1853:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
1752:Tetrahydropapaveroline
1667:Pethidine (meperidine)
491:subcutaneous injection
415:respiratory depression
4257:Nitrogen heterocycles
4237:Irreversible agonists
4222:Cyclopropyl compounds
4070:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
3557:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
3457:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
3019:Dinalbuphine sebacate
2894:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
2618:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
2577:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
2217:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
1863:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
1843:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
1315:Dinalbuphine sebacate
877:UT Health San Antonio
561:scientific literature
532:(MCAM). CCAM and its
513:MCCAM, also known as
394:(MOR). It shows both
96:)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-
3927:Sunobinop (S-117957)
3662:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
2994:Diamorphine (heroin)
2327:Diamorphine (heroin)
1295:Diamorphine (heroin)
1095:Acetyldihydrocodeine
1075:7-Hydroxymitragynine
1070:7-Acetoxymitragynine
911:10.1007/164_2019_265
519:structurally related
4262:Oxygen heterocycles
4227:Drug rehabilitation
4197:4,5-Epoxymorphinans
4130:Ubenimex (bestatin)
3874:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
3482:β-Chlornaltrexamine
3452:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
2874:β-Chlornaltrexamine
2748:N-Benzylnaltrindole
2643:β-Chlornaltrexamine
2562:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
2227:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
1888:β-Chlornaltrexamine
1858:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
1085:α-Chlornaltrexamine
489:CCAM, whereas with
479:oral administration
477:. In monkeys, with
385:pseudo-irreversible
361:opioid use disorder
312:pseudo-irreversible
32:
3692:Norbinaltorphimine
2999:Diacetylnalorphine
2688:Diacetylnalorphine
2312:Desmethylclozapine
1966:Diacetylnalorphine
1646:Papaver somniferum
1230:Chloroxymorphamine
57:-Methylclocinnamox
4272:Synthetic opioids
4242:Methoxy compounds
4179:
4178:
4024:
4023:
3869:Nociceptin (1-11)
3740:
3739:
2869:14-Methoxymetopon
2826:
2825:
2743:Methylnaltrindole
2169:
2168:
1838:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
1450:Levacetylmethadol
920:978-3-030-33678-3
576:opioid dependence
419:opioid withdrawal
392:μ-opioid receptor
345:opioid dependence
319:μ-opioid receptor
294:
293:
240:Interactive image
16:Chemical compound
4279:
4059:
3986:Nociceptin (1-7)
3882:Norbuprenorphine
3819:Dihydroetorphine
3753:
3642:Methylnaltrexone
3552:Catechin gallate
3284:Norbuprenorphine
3009:Dihydroetorphine
2879:β-Funaltrexamine
2839:
2738:Methylnaltrexone
2678:Catechin gallate
2492:Norbuprenorphine
2332:Dihydroetorphine
2182:
2046:Methylnaltrexone
1938:Catechin gallate
1893:β-Funaltrexamine
1305:Dihydroetorphine
1048:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1000:
993:
992:
987:
985:
970:
964:
963:
954:(3): 1051–1056.
943:
937:
936:
898:
892:
891:
885:
883:
868:
859:
858:
848:
837:10.1002/jeab.831
816:
807:
806:
785:
774:
773:
763:
753:
729:
714:
713:
711:
709:
695:
686:
685:
683:
681:
667:
658:
657:
655:
653:
637:
582:(MCAM), a close
461:Pharmacokinetics
380:MCCAM acts as a
376:Pharmacodynamics
297:Methoclocinnamox
242:
222:
207:
201:
198:
192:
186:
166:
146:
126:
116:
115:
40:
33:
31:
30:Methoclocinnamox
4287:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4202:Abandoned drugs
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4057:
4020:
3951:
3936:
3877:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3748:
3736:
3532:Binaltorphimine
3477:6β-Naltrexol-d4
3440:
3059:Ethylketazocine
3014:Dihydromorphine
2834:
2822:
2633:6β-Naltrexol-d4
2606:
2362:Ethylketazocine
2337:Dihydromorphine
2177:
2165:
1873:6β-Naltrexol-d4
1826:
1625:Oxymorphonazine
1380:Furanylfentanyl
1310:Dihydromorphine
1165:Benzhydrocodone
1054:
1052:
1043:
1035:
1030:Opioid receptor
1027:
997:
996:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
945:
944:
940:
921:
900:
899:
895:
881:
879:
870:
869:
862:
818:
817:
810:
787:
786:
777:
731:
730:
717:
707:
705:
697:
696:
689:
679:
677:
669:
668:
661:
651:
649:
639:
638:
601:
596:
588:opioid overdose
554:
511:
463:
441:, for instance
409:effects, mixed
388:partial agonist
378:
373:
365:opioid overdose
315:partial agonist
290:
287:
282:
277:
276:
265:
262:
257:
256:
245:
220:
210:
204:
195:
189:
169:
149:
129:
112:
104:
101:
91:
87:
74:
73:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4285:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:-Phenylalanine
4054:
4049:
4044:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Racemethorphan
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3834:Levomethorphan
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Racemethorphan
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Levomethorphan
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Racemethorphan
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2437:Levomethorphan
2434:
2432:Leu-enkephalin
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Naltrexonazine
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:Racemethorphan
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Levomethorphan
1452:
1447:
1445:Leu-enkephalin
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Hydromorphinol
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:Dihydrocodeine
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Dextromoramide
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:Benzylmorphine
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Acetylfentanyl
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1003:
995:
994:
965:
938:
919:
893:
860:
831:(2): 392–406.
808:
797:(3): 933–940.
775:
715:
687:
659:
598:
597:
595:
592:
567:(NIDA) of the
553:
550:
510:
507:
473:(CCAM), a MOR
462:
459:
377:
374:
372:
369:
292:
291:
289:
288:
285:
283:
280:
272:
271:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
260:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
244:
243:
235:
233:
225:
224:
218:
212:
211:
208:
202:
193:
187:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
159:
157:
151:
150:
148:
147:
139:
137:
131:
130:
128:
127:
119:
117:
106:
105:
103:
102:
77:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4284:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4155:Pronociceptin
4153:
4151:
4150:Proenkephalin
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:Buprenorphine
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Buprenorphine
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Amentoflavone
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:nortriptyline
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:amitriptyline
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Hydromorphone
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Diprenorphine
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Difelikefalin
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Cyprenorphine
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Big dynorphin
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:3CS-nalmefene
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Diprenorphine
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Hydromorphone
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Deltorphin II
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:3CS-nalmefene
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Methocinnamox
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Ginsenoside R
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Diprenorphine
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:3CS-nalmefene
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Phencyclidine
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Oxymorphazone
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Hydromorphone
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Ethylmorphine
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Endomorphin-2
1343:
1341:
1340:Endomorphin-1
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:Diphenoxylate
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Butyrfentanyl
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Buprenorphine
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Acrylfentanyl
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:ψ-Akuammigine
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1001:
991:
980:
976:
969:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
942:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
894:
890:
878:
874:
867:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
784:
782:
780:
776:
771:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
716:
704:
700:
694:
692:
688:
676:
672:
666:
664:
660:
647:
643:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:Methocinnamox
577:
573:
570:
569:United States
566:
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
546:buprenorphine
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:methocinnamox
527:
524:
520:
516:
508:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
458:
456:
455:buprenorphine
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:full agonists
420:
417:, alleviates
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
375:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:methocinnamox
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
284:
279:
275:
268:
259:
255:
248:
241:
237:
236:
234:
231:
226:
219:
217:
213:
183:
181:
177:
172:
165:
161:
160:
158:
156:
152:
145:
141:
140:
138:
136:
132:
125:
121:
120:
118:
111:
107:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:
76:
72:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:Clinical data
43:
39:
34:
24:
23:Methocinnamox
19:
4166:
4145:Prodynorphin
4137:Propeptides:
4136:
4035:
4006:Thienorphine
3829:JNJ-19385899
3814:Cebranopadol
3796:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
3788:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
3472:6β-Naltrexol
3389:Thienorphine
3354:Salvinorin A
3154:Levallorphan
2959:Cebranopadol
2818:Thienorphine
2628:6β-Naltrexol
2412:JNJ-20788560
2407:Isomethadone
2302:Deltorphin I
2297:Deltorphin A
2277:Cebranopadol
2272:Casokefamide
2106:Naltrexazone
2096:Naloxonazine
2021:Levallorphan
1868:6β-Naltrexol
1767:Thienorphine
1722:Remifentanil
1644:
1575:Nicomorphine
1570:Nicodicodine
1525:Morphiceptin
1425:Ketobemidone
1260:Desomorphine
1245:DAMGO (DAGO)
1225:Cebranopadol
1220:Casokefamide
989:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
951:
947:
941:
932:
902:
896:
887:
880:. Retrieved
876:
828:
824:
794:
790:
741:
737:
708:13 September
706:. Retrieved
702:
680:13 September
678:. Retrieved
674:
650:. Retrieved
645:
555:
514:
512:
464:
379:
371:Pharmacology
367:as of 2023.
338:
304:
300:
296:
295:
164:ChEMBL386272
97:
93:
88:
83:
79:
54:
18:
4207:Acrylamides
4075:Kelatorphan
4052:Candoxatril
3941:Antagonists
3892:Racemorphan
3859:NNC 63-0532
3844:Lexanopadol
3839:Levorphanol
3717:Quadazocine
3702:Pawhuskin A
3697:Noribogaine
3687:Navacaprant
3677:Naltrindole
3597:Epicatechin
3562:Clocinnamox
3445:Antagonists
3407:desipramine
3374:Samidorphan
3344:Racemorphan
3329:Phenazocine
3319:Pentazocine
3299:Norketamine
3294:Noribogaine
3254:Nalfurafine
3219:Mirtazapine
3209:Metkefamide
3169:Lexanopadol
3164:Levorphanol
3144:Laudanosine
3129:ICI-204,448
3124:ICI-199,441
3094:Hemorphin-4
3054:Erinacine E
3039:Eluxadoline
3029:Dynorphin A
2974:Cyclazocine
2949:Butorphanol
2934:Bremazocine
2909:Asimadoline
2899:Allomatrine
2889:Akuammicine
2798:Quadazocine
2793:Pawhuskin A
2788:Noribogaine
2773:Naltrindole
2713:Epicatechin
2708:Eluxadoline
2683:Clocinnamox
2611:Antagonists
2542:Samidorphan
2532:Racemorphan
2512:Oxymorphone
2472:Mitragynine
2467:Metkefamide
2447:Lexanopadol
2442:Levorphanol
2427:Laudanosine
2392:Hydrocodone
2387:Hemorphin-4
2287:Cyclazocine
2262:Butorphanol
2237:β-Endorphin
2156:Samidorphan
2151:Quadazocine
2141:Pawhuskin A
2131:Noribogaine
2121:Naltrindole
2056:Naldemedine
1986:Epicatechin
1943:Clocinnamox
1831:Antagonists
1802:Tubotaiwine
1787:Trimebutine
1717:Racemorphan
1687:Piritramide
1672:Phenazocine
1657:Pentazocine
1630:Oxymorphone
1595:Oliceridine
1580:Norketamine
1565:Nicocodeine
1550:Naltalimide
1515:Mitragynine
1505:Metkefamide
1475:Loxicodegol
1465:Lexanopadol
1460:Levorphanol
1435:Laudanosine
1400:Hydrocodone
1395:Hodgkinsine
1385:Hemorphin-4
1375:Frakefamide
1335:Embutramide
1330:Dynorphin A
1290:Eluxadoline
1280:Dimenoxadol
1215:Carfentanil
1200:Butorphanol
1175:Bezitramide
1145:β-Endorphin
1135:Anileridine
1125:Akuammidine
1120:Akuammicine
1090:α-Narcotine
557:Clocinnamox
528:(CCAM) and
526:clocinnamox
521:to the MOR
471:clocinnamox
453:. MCCAM is
411:reinforcing
341:clocinnamox
223: g·mol
100:-acrylamide
62:Identifiers
50:Other names
4186:Categories
4170:Kyotorphin
4115:Spinorphin
3996:SB-612,111
3991:Nocistatin
3961:BAN-ORL-24
3912:SCH-486757
3907:SCH-221510
3746:Nociceptin
3707:PF-4455242
3682:Naringenin
3672:Naltrexone
3632:LY-2795050
3627:LY-2459989
3622:LY-2444296
3617:LY-2196044
3602:Hyperoside
3517:Aticaprant
3411:imipramine
3334:Proxorphan
3309:Oxilorphan
3279:Niravoline
3269:Nalorphine
3244:Nalbuphine
3229:Moxazocine
3204:Metazocine
3174:Lofentanil
3139:Ketazocine
3099:Herkinorin
3079:Gemazocine
3069:Fedotozine
3049:Eptazocine
2979:Cyclorphan
2964:Ciprefadol
2783:Naringenin
2763:Naltrexone
2758:Nalorphine
2733:LY-2196044
2723:ICI-174864
2718:ICI-154129
2663:Bevenopran
2638:α-Santolol
2602:Zenazocine
2582:Tonazocine
2537:RWJ-394674
2522:Proglumide
2462:Metazocine
2452:Lofentanil
2382:Fluorophen
2146:Rimonabant
2136:Oxilorphan
2126:Naringenin
2116:Naltrexone
2081:Naloxazone
2071:Nalorphine
2036:LY-2196044
2006:Hyperoside
1996:Gemazocine
1991:Eptazocine
1928:Bevenopran
1772:Tianeptine
1747:Tapentadol
1742:Sufentanil
1737:Sinomenine
1727:Salsolinol
1682:Piminodine
1600:Oxycodegol
1590:Octreotide
1585:Nufenoxole
1535:Nalbuphine
1490:Meptazinol
1470:Loperamide
1440:Lefetamine
1390:Herkinorin
1370:Fluorophen
1325:Dipipanone
1250:Dermorphin
1140:Apparicine
1130:Alfentanil
1053:(abridged;
1033:modulators
594:References
499:metabolism
487:conjugated
483:eliminated
451:naltrexone
447:alfentanil
403:antagonist
351:of MCCAM,
330:antagonist
228:3D model (
216:Molar mass
135:ChemSpider
71:IUPAC name
4217:Antidotes
4125:Tynorphin
4120:Thiorphan
4100:Opiorphan
4042:Amastatin
3971:J-113,397
3932:TH-030418
3902:Ro65-6570
3897:Ro64-6198
3824:Etorphine
3732:Zyklophin
3722:Taxifolin
3612:LY-255582
3572:Cyclofoxy
3522:Axelopran
3436:Xorphanol
3426:U-54,494A
3394:Tifluadom
3384:TH-030418
3314:Oxycodone
3304:Oripavine
3274:Naltriben
3259:Nalmefene
3214:Mianserin
3184:Lufuradom
3089:GR-103545
3064:Etorphine
3044:Enadoline
2944:Butorphan
2939:BRL-52537
2904:Apadoline
2813:Taxifolin
2808:SoRI-9409
2768:Naltriben
2753:Nalmefene
2728:LY-255582
2658:Axelopran
2597:Xorphanol
2567:TH-030418
2547:SB-235863
2507:Oxycodone
2502:Oripavine
2367:Etorphine
2257:Butorphan
2222:Amoxapine
2161:Taxifolin
2086:Naloxegol
2061:Nalmefene
2031:LY-255582
1961:Cyprodime
1956:Cyclofoxy
1923:Axelopran
1903:Alvimopan
1898:Akuammine
1883:α-Gliadin
1822:Xorphanol
1812:Valorphin
1757:TH-030418
1615:Oxycodone
1610:Oripavine
1545:Nalmexone
1500:Methadone
1480:LS-115509
1360:Etorphine
1350:Eseroline
1195:Butorphan
1056:full list
744:(3): 48.
590:by 2020.
534:analogues
509:Chemistry
407:analgesic
382:selective
309:selective
305:NIH-10420
4267:Prodrugs
4011:Trap-101
4001:SR-16430
3922:SR-16435
3776:(PheΨ(CH
3756:Agonists
3667:Naloxone
3577:Dezocine
3547:Catechin
3502:Apigenin
3431:U-69,593
3224:Morphine
3194:MB-1C-OH
3134:Ketamine
3119:Ibogaine
3084:GR-89696
3074:Fentanyl
2954:BW373U86
2842:Agonists
2832:κ-opioid
2778:Naloxone
2673:Catechin
2648:Apigenin
2587:Tramadol
2572:Thebaine
2482:Morphine
2402:Ibogaine
2372:Fentanyl
2352:DPI-3290
2322:Dezocine
2267:BW373U86
2247:Biphalin
2212:ADL-5859
2185:Agonists
2175:δ-opioid
2101:Naloxone
2026:Lobeline
2011:Ibogaine
1933:Catechin
1913:Apigenin
1782:Tramadol
1777:Tilidine
1762:Thebaine
1732:SC-17599
1702:Propiram
1662:Pericine
1605:OM-3-MNZ
1530:Morphine
1420:Ketamine
1365:Fentanyl
1275:Dezocine
1210:BW373U86
1180:Biphalin
1065:3-HO-PCP
1051:Agonists
1041:μ-opioid
984:9 August
979:wndu.com
929:31451969
882:9 August
855:36759567
846:10281830
803:10945843
770:35645327
738:Pharmacy
675:EMBL-EBI
652:9 August
584:analogue
495:excreted
443:morphine
435:overdose
349:analogue
144:23276873
124:44417373
4167:Others:
4095:RB-3007
4047:BL-2401
4016:UFP-101
3981:NalBzOH
3976:JTC-801
3917:SR-8993
3854:MT-7716
3804:BU08070
3657:MR-2266
3637:MeJDTic
3567:CVL-354
3537:BU09059
3527:AZ-MTAB
3507:Arodyne
3467:6'-GNTI
3462:5'-GNTI
3421:U-50488
3401:(e.g.,
3249:NalBzOH
3234:MR-2034
3199:Menthol
3189:Matrine
2924:BAM-22P
2919:BAM-18P
2914:BAM-12P
2854:6'-GNTI
2623:5'-NTII
2557:SNC-162
2497:NalBzOH
2417:KNT-127
2347:DPI-221
2282:Codeine
2242:BAM-18P
2232:AZD2327
2197:6'-GNTI
2091:Naloxol
1817:Viminol
1807:U-47700
1792:TRIMU 5
1697:Prodine
1640:OxyPNPH
1555:Neopine
1540:NalBzOH
1510:Metopon
1485:Matrine
1235:Codeine
1185:BU08070
1160:BAM-22P
1155:BAM-18P
1150:BAM-12P
1115:AH-7921
960:1326622
761:9149874
552:History
538:derived
439:ligands
399:agonist
390:of the
334:ligands
326:agonist
317:of the
307:) is a
180:Formula
110:PubChem
4212:Amides
4105:Selank
4090:RB-120
4085:RB-101
4029:Others
3956:AT-076
3849:MCOPPB
3512:AT-076
3358:salvia
3239:N-MPPP
3179:LPK-26
2803:SDM25N
2653:AT-076
2592:TRV250
2552:SNC-80
2422:Kratom
2202:7-SIOM
1918:AT-076
1908:AM-251
1797:TRV734
1692:PL-017
1430:Kratom
1415:IBNtxA
958:
927:
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801:
768:
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449:, and
431:lethal
401:- and
396:opioid
328:- and
323:opioid
254:SMILES
221:519.04
155:ChEMBL
4110:Semax
3749:(NOP)
3727:UPHIT
3712:RB-64
3652:ML350
3647:ML190
3607:JDTic
3582:DIPPA
3349:RB-64
3104:HS665
2969:CR665
2864:18-MC
2859:8-CAC
2835:(KOR)
2357:DSLET
2342:DPDPE
2292:DADLE
2252:BU-48
2178:(DOR)
2016:JDTic
1878:18-MC
1707:PZM21
1651:opium
1560:NFEPP
1240:DADLE
1044:(MOR)
536:were
469:into
427:toxic
301:MCCAM
274:InChI
230:JSmol
3497:ANTI
3114:HZ-2
2668:BNTX
1951:CTOP
1947:CTAP
986:2024
956:PMID
925:PMID
915:ISBN
884:2024
851:PMID
799:PMID
766:PMID
710:2024
682:2024
654:2024
429:and
363:and
3592:ECG
3587:EGC
2703:EGC
2698:ECG
2377:FIT
1981:EGC
1976:ECG
952:262
907:doi
841:PMC
833:doi
829:119
795:294
756:PMC
746:doi
703:TTD
544:of
540:by
485:as
114:CID
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200:N
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