275:
manifest its will and plans, it begins to make use of such precious gifts and solemnly declares by means of the
Supreme Junta of the Empire that it is a Sovereign nation and independent of old Spain with which henceforth it will maintain no other union besides a close friendship in the terms prescribed by the treaties; that it will establish friendly relationships with other powers, executing regarding them whatever declarations the other sovereign nations can execute; that it will constitute itself in accordance to the bases which in the
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158:
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to draft the
Declaration of Independence of the newly independent nation. The resulting two documents were drafted in its final form by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, Secretary of the Board. The acts were signed by 33 of the 38 members of the Board and Iturbide as President of the Regency of the
222:
and later his signature was added in the printed copies. The signatures of other four members were not added. Juan Jose
Espinosa de los Monteros signed twice in each act, once as a member of the Board and the second as secretary, so that the acts contain 35 signatures and the designated to O'Donojú.
270:
The heroic efforts of its sons have been crowned today, and consummated in an eternal and memorable enterprise, which a spirit superior to all admiration and praise, out of love and for the glory of its
Country started in Iguala, continued, and brought to fruition, overcoming almost insurmountable
283:
the First Chief of the
Imperial Army of the Three Guarantees wisely established and which it will uphold at all costs and with all sacrifice of the means and lives of its members (if necessary); this solemn declaration, is made in the capital of the Empire on the twenty-eighth of September of the
922:
274:
Restored then this part of the North to the exercise of all the rights given by the Author of Nature and recognized as unalienable and sacred by the civilized nations of the Earth, in liberty to constitute itself in the manner which best suits its happiness and through representatives who can
192:
On
October 13 of the same year, Ramón Gutiérrez del Mazo, the first political chief of Mexico City, distributed a proclamation with the Declaration of Independence so all the people could read it, especially the courts, governors and military authorities, for them to publish it nationwide.
296:
The following is the list of the people who signed the
Declaration of Independence, the names are written like in the acts. Juan O'Donoju did not sign but his name was written in the acts. Of the 38 members of the Provisional Governmental Board only 34 signed the document (including the
189:. On September 28, Iturbide installed the Provisional Governing Board, comprising 38 people. The board was chaired by Antonio Pérez Martínez y Robles, and Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros was secretary. The board immediately elected the five members of the Regency of the Empire.
818:
593:
Some time later, the act appeared in Spain in the library of antiquarian
Gabriel Sánchez. It is also unknown how he got it, but is a fact that the act has in the back the stamp of the Spanish antiquarian library. Sánchez sold the document to the Mexican historian
590:, although it is unknown how and where he got it. The act contains in the back the figure of the ex libris of Maximilian's library. After Maximilian's execution, Agustin Fischer, confessor of the emperor, took the document out of the country.
992:
822:
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aforementioned firm O'Donoju). The signatures of
Francisco Severo Maldonado, José Domingo Rus, José Mariano de Almanza and Miguel Sánchez Enciso did not appear to have suffered a possible impairment due to illness.
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1181:
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572:"There is not in the republic another copy (handwritten) that the one in session hall of the Chamber of Deputies, the other was sold by an unfaithful employee to a curious traveler from France."
1213:
601:
Florencio Gavito
Bustillo lived in France and there he was contacted by Luis García Pimentel, who offered to sell him the Declaration of Independence. After buying the act for 10 thousand
944:
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The Ruiz de Velasco family were the original owners for 128 years of the Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano de 1821. This document was passed down through generations from
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One copy was given to the Provisional Governmental Board, which was later put on display in the Chamber of Deputies until 1909, when fire destroyed the location.
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The Mexican Nation, which for three hundred years had neither had its own will, nor free use of its voice, leaves today the oppression in which it has lived.
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The ceremony to deliver the act was held on November 21 of the same year. Florencio Gavito Jauregui, son of Gavito Bustillo gave the act to the president
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was concerned about the exposure of the act and recommended not to expose it to more time because it does not have a special system for that.
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are working on a system of preservation and exhibition of historical documents in order to permanently exhibit the act in the near future.
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Three copies of the act were executed. One was destroyed in a fire in 1909. The other two copies are in the Museo Histórico de Acapulco
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Declaration of the independence of the Mexican Empire, issued by its Sovereign Junta, assembled in the Capital on September 28, 1821.
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218:, José Domingo Rus, José Mariano de Almanza and Miguel Sánchez Enciso did not sign the documents, but in the acts was written:
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Historia de Méjico. Desde los primeros movimientos que prepararon su independencia en el año 1808 hasta la época presente
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The Mexican government sent the document for opinions of authenticity. The opinions were ready on November 14, 1961.
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he returned to Mexico with the intention of delivering the act to the Mexican government himself, but he died of
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materials in the vault of the General Archive of the Nation under climate monitoring. Experts of the
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Photograph of the original Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire of the Nation's General Archive
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A copy of the act was for the government and one for the board, the last one was later sent to the
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239:—signed the Declaration of Independence; the reason is unknown but probably because they wanted a
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The document is 52.9 centimeters (20.8 in) wide and 71.8 centimeters (28.3 in) high.
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in Mexico City on September 28, 1821, by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, secretary of the
548:, accepted this gift and secured this historical document in the Museo Historico de Acapulco
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653:. In 2010 it was put on display at the National Palace as part of the celebration of the
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In 2008, the restoration works on the act began and it was exhibited for a month at the
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in 1958. Gavito expressed in his will the wish that the act should be delivered to the
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779:"Resguardó descendiente de Nicolás Bravo una de tres copias del Acta de Independencia"
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867:"El Ejército Trigarante toma la capital e instituye la Junta Provisional Gubernativa"
602:
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52:
795:. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. August 24, 2010. Archived from
27:
Document proclaiming Mexican independence from Spain, ratified 28 September 1821
508:
Mexico's declaration of Independence as an Empire drafted on September 28, 1821
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year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one, first of Mexican Independence
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A third copy was given to the Regency of the Empire, which remained at the
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1413:"Diseñan en la UNAM exhibidores para resguardar el Acta de Independencia"
1085:"El triunvirato de Guadalupe Victoria, Nicolás Bravo y Celestino Negrete"
646:
and then it was withdrawn and sent to the General Archive of the Nation.
606:
240:
139:
778:
598:, who preserved it and passed it down to his son Luis García Pimentel.
1269:"Acta de Independencia, manuscrito que da fe del nacimiento de México"
993:"El Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano... guarda buen estado"
537:
259:
Entrance of the Trigarante Army by La Garita de Belén to Mexico City.
244:
1339:"México expone tesoros de 200 años de historia en Palacio Nacional"
1469:. 500 años de México en documentos. Consulted on November 4, 2009.
1137:"Celebra SEGOB los 187 años de la firma del acta de Independencia"
503:
254:
201:
On the afternoon of September 28, members of the Board met at the
156:
123:. This founding document of the Mexican nation was drafted in the
754:
Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
173:
On September 27, 1821, eleven years and eleven days after the
1160:"Donan al Gobierno de Guerrero el Acta de la Independencia"
516:
Provisional Governmental Board – first original declaration
819:"27 de septiembre de 1821 Consumación de la Independencia"
1214:"Afirman que el Acta de Independencia guarda buen estado"
919:"Bando del Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano..."
512:
Three originals of the document were created and signed.
1243:"Ficha Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano, 1821"
580:
but failed even when he offered a lot of money for it.
845:"Discurso de Agustín de Iturbide al instalar la Junta"
655:
bicentennial of the beginning of Mexico's independence
576:
Alamán wanted to get the record during his tenure as
709:
Cover of the certificate of authenticity of the act.
524:
Bravo/Ruiz de Velasco – second original declaration
90:
79:
71:
61:
51:
34:
556:Regency of the Empire – third original declaration
971:"1821 Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano"
945:"PONEN AL ALCANCE DOCUMENTOS DE LA INDEPENDENCIA"
105:Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
35:Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
773:
771:
769:
570:
477:Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros – Vocal Srio
262:
1162:. Excelsior – El Periodico de la Vida Nacional
1113:. Archivo General de la Nación. Archived from
895:. Archivo General de la Nación. Archived from
659:National Institute of Anthropology and History
1387:"Acta de Independencia, en buen estado: INAH"
1237:
1235:
8:
869:. Memoria Política de México. Archived from
1466:Acta de Independencia del Imperio mexicano
642:The act was put on display for a while in
113:Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano
40:
1297:. El siglo de Torreón. September 16, 2010
1016:
1014:
564:and was stolen in 1830. Foreign Minister
674:National Autonomous University of Mexico
227:. None of the former insurgents—such as
1361:"En riesgo Acta de Independencia: INAH"
1158:Diaz Clave, Enrique (August 19, 2016).
765:
687:
583:Decades later, the act was acquired by
500:History of the three original documents
749:Act of Independence of Central America
733:Proclamation with the text of the act.
552:in Acapulco in the State of Guerrero.
31:
568:made this reference about the theft:
212:Superior Political Chief of New Spain
7:
1059:"CONFORMACIÓN DE MÉXICO COMO NACIÓN"
185:entered Mexico City, concluding the
1295:"Un acta de Independencia fugitiva"
18:Mexican declaration of independence
847:. 500 años de México en documentos
534:Pedro Ruiz de Velasco de la Madrid
423:José Manuel Velázquez de la Cadena
338:Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros
333:Licenciado Juan Francisco Azcárate
75:Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros
25:
1445:Volume IV: "México Independiente"
1415:. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
1182:"Acta de Independencia de México"
893:"Proclama de Agustín de Iturbide"
721:Photography of the destroyed act.
664:The act is protected between two
413:José María de Cervantes y Velasco
368:Francisco Manuel Sánchez de Tagle
1476:
726:
714:
702:
690:
443:José María Echevers y Valdivieso
358:El Conde de Casa de Heras y Soto
220:Place of signature Juan O'Donojú
46:Original copy of the Declaration
683:
536:gave the document as a gift to
398:El Marqués de San Juan de Rayas
119:declared independence from the
115:) is the document by which the
1389:. El Universal. Archived from
1363:. El Universal. Archived from
129:Provisional Governmental Board
1:
1442:México a través de los siglos
1139:. Presidencia de la Republica
793:"Acta de Independencia, sana"
313:Lugar de la firma de O'Donojú
144:General Archive of the Nation
94:To declare independence from
1500:Declarations of independence
1317:"Invaluable regalo a México"
973:. Memoria Política de México
623:. In the ceremony were also
348:José Miguel Guridi y Alcocer
179:Army of the Three Guarantees
83:33 members of the board and
1535:Political history of Mexico
1505:Mexican War of Independence
1187:. p. 1. Archived from
995:. Azteca 21. Archived from
947:. Azteca 21. Archived from
542:José Francisco Ruiz Massieu
438:El Conde de Jala y de Regla
403:José Ignacio García Illueca
187:Mexican War of Independence
1561:
596:Joaquín García Icazbalceta
494:Francisco Severo Maldonado
453:Juan Bautista Raz y Guzmán
216:Francisco Severo Maldonado
629:Secretary of the Interior
463:José Rafael Suárez Pereda
373:Antonio de Gama y Córdoba
353:El Marqués de Salvatierra
39:
1087:. INEHRM. Archived from
821:. SEDENA. Archived from
448:Manuel Martínez Mancilla
418:Juan Cervantes y Padilla
408:José María de Bustamante
383:Manuel Velázquez de León
308:Antonio Obispo de Puebla
1061:. Prezi. Archived from
532:. On August 22, 1987,
473:Isidro Ignacio de Icaza
388:Manuel Montes Argüelles
1447:. Mexico City, Cumbre.
921:SEDENA. Archived from
637:Secretary of Education
574:
509:
393:Manuel de la Sota Riva
289:
260:
170:
112:
1540:September 1821 events
951:on September 23, 2011
825:on September 30, 2011
507:
258:
160:
1457:México in documents
1438:Vicente Riva Palacio
1249:on February 15, 2011
651:Palace of Lecumberri
546:Governor of Guerrero
468:Anastasio Bustamante
378:José Manuel Sartorio
323:Matías de Monteagudo
318:Manuel de la Bárcena
197:Drafting and signing
1319:. Diario de Yucatán
1275:on January 30, 2010
1220:on October 31, 2010
1194:on December 3, 2011
1025:. pp. 259–261.
999:on December 3, 2011
621:Adolfo López Mateos
550:Fuerte de San Diego
458:José María Jáuregui
303:Agustín de Iturbide
225:Chamber of Deputies
183:Agustín de Iturbide
136:Fuerte de San Diego
85:Agustín de Iturbide
644:Chapultepec Castle
633:Jaime Torres Bodet
625:Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
510:
483:Absent Signatories
363:Juan Bautista Lobo
343:José María Fagoaga
261:
229:Guadalupe Victoria
171:
57:September 28, 1821
1515:1821 in New Spain
1393:on March 25, 2014
1367:on March 25, 2014
1091:on March 25, 2014
1065:on March 25, 2014
1039:. Historia México
1037:"Historia México"
925:on August 3, 2011
899:on August 3, 2009
873:on April 12, 2018
740:
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281:Treaty of Córdoba
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66:National Archives
16:(Redirected from
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578:foreign minister
233:Vicente Guerrero
175:Grito de Dolores
146:in Mexico City.
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292:Signatories
271:obstacles.
167:México City
142:and in the
80:Signatories
1494:Categories
760:References
668:made with
328:José Yáñez
181:headed by
153:Background
1530:New Spain
1419:March 24,
1397:March 24,
1371:March 24,
1345:March 24,
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670:acid-free
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607:leukemia
279:and the
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206:Empire.
140:Acapulco
62:Location
53:Ratified
1440:(1880)
680:Gallery
585:Emperor
243:not an
210:, last
109:Spanish
91:Purpose
657:. The
538:Mexico
245:Empire
177:, the
1341:. CNN
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603:pesos
287:Amen.
1421:2014
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