655:
867:, described as "necessary and timely" the meeting with the Spanish ambassador, Juan López-Doriga Pérez, who went to the Lower House of Congress to sign the agreement. In the same month, within the framework of the celebration of the 45th anniversary of the reestablishment of relations between the two countries, Mexico reinforced cultural promotion and academic cooperation with Spain. In addition, in October, the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, Carmen Moreno Toscano, made a working visit to Spain with the aim of expanding the "key" political dialogue between the two countries and stressed that the bilateral relationship is "broad, solid and dynamic, for the bonds of friendship and the desire for cooperation between the two countries”, and "which is extremely rich, not only because of our common history and culture, but also because of our commercial and human exchanges".
703:
691:
667:
380:, at the City Hall Palace, where they received the appointment of Distinguished Guests. King Felipe VI attended the Mexico Spain Business Forum, in which businessmen and representatives of the governments of the two nations also participated. Meanwhile, Queen Letizia participated in a meeting with the Ibero-American Alliance for Rare Diseases. They were also received in a solemn session in the Republic's Senate, where the anthems of the two nations were sung and the guest book was signed. Don Felipe and Doña Letizia attended a lunch organized by the Spanish Embassy in Mexico, during which they had the opportunity to meet and talk with members of the Spanish community in Mexico. Their Royal Highnesses traveled to
727:
679:
1128:
715:
411:(UME) began the progressive deployment of an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) team with health support, communications and logistics capabilities. A total of 54 soldiers, two of them from the Army, who flew to Mexico in an Air Force Airbus in response to a bilateral request from the Government of that country. Coordinated by the Centralized Command for the Management of International Teams, the UME USAR team collaborated with the country's emergency services to rescue the greatest number of people alive and recover the dead bodies that could be trapped in the rubble.
643:
494:
1104:
1116:
27:
3392:
970:
958:
251:
132:
1140:
430:, made an official visit to Mexico and met with the Mexican president. Both leaders commemorated eighty years since the end of the Spanish civil war and recognized Mexico's openness to receive thousands of Spanish refugees who fled their homes and found asylum in Mexico and their contribution to their adopted country. However, in March, the Mexican Government demanded a public apology from Spain for the
442:, who described the petition as "a simulation" and stated that what the Mexican president should do is stop dispossessing indigenous communities of the land. In addition, 62% of the Mexican population believes that López Obrador used the conquest to do politics, while more than half of Mexicans (55%) do not consider an apology necessary for colonization. In fact, the descendants of the Aztec emperor
2615:
3772:
46:
3593:
903:, culture, and tourism promotion. This agreement has been reflected in the signing of a letter of intent signed by the president of the Group of World Heritage Cities of Spain, Carlos García Carbayo, and the president of the Mexican association, Loredana Montes, after holding a meeting that they have kept in the headquarters of the Historic Center Trust of Mexico City.
57:
743:
peaceful purposes (1979); Air
Transportation Agreement (1979); Agreement on Economic and Commercial Cooperation (1980); Extradition Treaty (1984); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double-Taxation (1984); Tourism Agreement (1996); Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments (1997); Agreement on Cooperation between the
1018:, of which Spain is a member. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$ 7.4 billion. Mexico's exports to Spain include: crude oil, medicine, alcohol, fish and mobile phones; while Spanish exports to Mexico include: vehicles, vehicle parts and wine. Mexico is Spain's biggest trading partner in Latin America.
742:
Over the years, both nations have signed numerous bilateral agreements and treaties such as an
Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1977); Agreement on the elimination of visas (1977); Agreement on Cultural and Educational Cooperation (1978); Agreement on Nuclear Energy Cooperation for
476:
In
February 2022, Mexican president López Obrador proposed a "pause" in the bilateral relations between both countries, in light of alleged mispractices of Spanish companies in Mexico during previous administrations. The Spanish Government issued a notice categorically rejecting the offences against
262:
Spain established diplomatic relations with Mexico on 26 December 1836 (15 years after Mexico had declared its independence). In the beginning, the diplomatic relationship between the two nations was strained due to Mexico having been a former colony of Spain and the latter's unsuccessful endeavors
484:
traveled to Mexico and together with the
Mexican Foreign Minister, Marcelo Ebrard, both countries have agreed to “accelerate the relationship” between the two countries instead of taking a pause as requested in February 2022 by President López Obrador. During the meeting, the two foreign ministers
333:, issued thousands of visas to Spanish refugees and other asylees to seek refuge in Mexico. Though the Republicans had lost the war, this helped improve the relationship between the two countries after the death of Franco. Mexico and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1977.
336:
Since re-establishing diplomatic relations, both nations share close and warm diplomatic relations. On several occasions, both countries had supported each other diplomatically and there have been several high level visits and meetings between both governments including with the
341:. Soon after re-establishing diplomatic relations 1977; Spanish Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez paid an official visit to Mexico, the first ever by a Spanish head of government. That same year, in October 1977, Mexican President José López Portillo paid an official visit to Spain.
654:
2143:"Orden JUS/2484/2013, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se manda expedir, sin perjuicio de tercero de mejor derecho, Real Carta de Sucesión en el título de Duque de Moctezuma de Tultengo, con Grandeza de España, a favor de don Juan José Marcilla de Teruel-Moctezuma y Valcárcel"
666:
898:
Cities of Spain and the
National Association of Mexican World Heritage Cities have agreed to strengthen their relations with the aim of promoting mutual cooperation and the exchange of information, experiences and good practices in matters related to the defense of
2223:
702:
450:), criticized the Mexican president, considering that there is no point in apologizing for something that happened five centuries ago, and that they do not want their ancestors to be used for political purposes to cause social division.
690:
213:
The late 18th and early 19th century saw much revolutionary feeling in the countries of
Western Europe and their colonies. The feeling built up in Mexico after the occupation of Spain by the French Revolutionary Emperor
3467:
890:
and argued that both countries should further strengthen their relations. Likewise, in
October, he stated that "Spain and Mexico are linked by indissoluble ties" and that "they must move towards a promising future".
994:
In 2013, the head of the
Spanish Drugs and Organized Crime Unit (known as Udyco) believed that the Mexican drug cartels had set out to “conquer” Spain and not forge an alliance with Colombian drug organizations.
726:
325:. In 1939 when Francisco Franco took power in Spain, Mexico severed diplomatic relations between the two nations. After the war, thousands of Spanish refugees sought asylum in Mexico and former Mexican consul in
1556:
2067:"Madrid clausura Hispanidad 2022 con animación en la calle, flamenco, tango, mariachis, el musical 'Malinche', bandas de música y fuegos artificiales al son de Albéniz y Falla (horarios y ubicaciones)"
418:
classified foreign investment in Mexico as "neocolonialist" and linked
Spanish and U.S. companies without evidence, the same political situation that occurred in other Latin American countries such as
678:
642:
2183:
791:
Both countries have established cultural centers in their respective capitals in order to promote the development of both Mexico and Spain, through greater knowledge of both nations in
838:, to implement the National Service for the Evaluation of the Spanish Language (SIELE) in Mexico, which allows accrediting the command and level of Spanish of any user electronically.
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1156:
2912:
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2165:
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714:
1956:
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1336:
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477:
Spain and
Spanish companies, arguing that both countries are "strategic partners" while noting that the Spanish government wishes for "relations based on mutual respect".
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1446:
2341:
1688:
291:
4157:
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3125:
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when he paid a visit to Spain. During his visit, Ebrard announced that Mexico will participate in Phase 3 of the Spanish project for a vaccine against
2596:
2084:
4101:
2922:
2772:
439:
3574:
1969:
827:
3906:
2837:
1477:
1240:
3510:
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1648:
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2102:
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942:(Mexico) was established, so that both cities have been linked institutionally, promoting human contact and the cultural ties of each culture.
318:
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3519:
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860:
culture respectively. Likewise, they have become popular among the societies of both countries with the exchange of music and dance artists.
230:. In 1811, Hidalgo was executed by the Spanish militia, but his movement fought on until the establishment of the independent constitutional
93:
4358:
4004:
4409:
4405:
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1909:
1139:
264:
126:
74:
4435:
4373:
4277:
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1371:
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863:
In May 2022, the Mexican Congress installed a friendship group with Spain. The president of the group, deputy Anuar Roberto Azuar of the
26:
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1653:
1103:
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2927:
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Presidente Felipe Calderón, Argentine President Cristina Fernández and Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in New York, 2009.
606:
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3035:
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384:, where they held the closing ceremony of the "past, present and future" colloquium on relations between Mexico and Spain, at the
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1022:
875:
4389:
4267:
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4106:
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3000:
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2857:
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864:
4353:
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4051:
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3216:
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998:
In 2017, Spanish police extradited Juan Manuel Muñoz Luévano, suspected of carrying out operations for Mexican drugs cartel
1518:
826:
as a symbol of common identity and heritage. In 2015, the kings of Spain witnessed the signing of an agreement between the
3422:
2389:
2150:
627:
447:
287:
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2731:
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1615:
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849:
435:
330:
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4031:
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3241:
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3025:
3015:
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2792:
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1281:
81:
in 1821. Formal diplomatic relations between both nations commenced in 1836 and were severed with the aftermath of the
3391:
2619:
887:
227:
208:
78:
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4302:
4287:
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1312:
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Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Mexico City; January 2019.
3597:
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105:
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4252:
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3065:
3010:
3005:
2897:
2827:
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2263:
3472:
1410:
1161:
522:
408:
223:
3999:
3994:
3896:
3831:
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1844:
508:
2467:
493:
255:
176:
1719:"El presidente de México, Miguel de la Madrid, inicia hoy en la capital española una gira europea de negocios"
454:
2533:
1577:"El descendiente de Moctezuma, contra López Obrador: "Me molesta que usen a mi ancestro con fines políticos""
1294:
321:
and refuge to political refugees. Throughout the war, Mexican volunteers joined the Republican side to fight
2576:
1981:
1498:
883:
835:
578:
377:
2551:
1700:
648:
President José López Portillo and his wife with King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía in Madrid, October 1977.
3477:
935:
620:
571:
481:
400:
303:
599:
3539:
3427:
2407:
2375:
1248:
812:
362:
279:
3529:
2515:
2030:
550:
465:. In addition, Ebrard announced that Spain made the decision to share vaccines with other countries in
389:
376:, paid a state visit to Mexico. They were received by the head of Government of the Federal District,
1825:
1736:
1210:
1011:
385:
338:
299:
283:
235:
231:
1891:
1718:
1241:"Mexican Ministry of Education 'Derrota de Isidro Barradas el 11 de septiembre de 1829'(in Spanish)"
1190:
2228:
1597:"Descendiente de Moctezuma pidió a AMLO no usar la figura del emperador azteca con fines políticos"
1171:
946:
931:
895:
831:
515:
109:
1826:"Casa de Su Majestad el Rey de España - S.M. el Rey Don Juan Carlos - S.M. el Rey Don Juan Carlos"
1499:"España rechaza con firmeza la exigencia de México de pedir perdón por los abusos de la conquista"
1389:
485:
signed four agreements on political, cultural, scientific and cooperation in the rights of women.
152:
136:
2572:
Mexican Ministry of foreign Affairs on diplomatic relations between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)
2302:"Valladolid se hermana con su homóloga de México con el apoyo unánime del Pleno del Ayuntamiento"
915:
911:
772:
592:
431:
184:
2142:
1917:
1873:
1783:
585:
543:
393:
1804:
1762:
969:
957:
900:
853:
457:
paid a visit to Mexico. In April 2021, the visit was reciprocated by Mexican Foreign Minister
314:
82:
1689:
Albares acuerda en México “acelerar la relación” con España en lugar de pausarla (in Spanish)
85:
in 1939. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1977 and have continued unabated since.
3534:
3524:
857:
823:
800:
768:
732:
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico City, 2019.
564:
427:
322:
295:
239:
101:
77:
in 1519 and subsequent Spanish colonialism in the country which lasted until the end of the
1428:
100:. Diplomatic ties between both nations are based on shared historical and cultural ties, a
3405:
2208:
2188:
2085:"Tras polémica "pausa", instalan grupo de amistad México-España en la Cámara de Diputados"
1581:
1557:"Un 62% de los mexicanos creen que López Obrador utiliza la conquista para hacer política"
1038:
1030:
529:
268:
156:
1670:"El Gobierno exige a López Obrador "respeto mutuo" tras las "descalificaciones" a España"
1478:"Obrador, el 'Maduro' mexicano: no sabe qué hacer con sus indígenas y se mete con España"
434:, which was firmly rejected, both by the Spanish Crown and Government as well as by the
250:
1015:
988:
744:
660:
President Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Prime Minister Felipe González in Madrid, 1989.
458:
307:
188:
180:
131:
97:
2244:"Las Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad de España y México fortalecen sus relaciones"
1282:
Explora historiador el envío mexicano de armas para la República española (in Spanish)
396:, accompanied the royal couple to most of their engagements, including this last one.
199:
were recognized, which lived and co-governed with the Spanish during the viceroyalty.
4429:
1541:
1482:
1195:
1042:
1034:
760:
748:
613:
466:
373:
350:
2184:"Eduardo Matos Moctezuma: "Hay que conocer la Historia, pero mirar hacia el futuro""
446:, such as Juan José Marcilla de Teruel-Moctezuma y Valcárcel (current holder of the
2632:
2577:
Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on bilateral relations with Mexico (in Spanish)
2346:
2326:
879:
818:
Spain is the European country with which Mexico has traditionally held the largest
443:
164:
160:
144:
2107:
1938:
1337:"México y España veinte años después de la reanudación de relaciones (in Spanish)"
759:
There are direct flights between Mexico and Spain through the following airlines:
179:
in 1535. The viceroyalty had a stratified social hierarchy based on race with the
2361:
2204:"Eduardo Matos Moctezuma: "España y México están unidos por lazos indisolubles""
1447:"Latinoamérica, de la crisis a la hostilidad política con el capital extranjero"
1086:
1082:
1054:
919:
907:
536:
404:
172:
140:
2166:"Nobleza mexicana: ella es la condesa de Miravalle; heredera al 'trono' azteca"
1021:
Several prominent Spanish multinational companies operate in Mexico, such as:
991:
were arrested in Spain, while allegedly trying to set up a European operation.
708:
President Enrique Peña Nieto and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in Hamburg, 2017.
403:
that seriously affected different areas of the country, including its capital,
2306:
1561:
1503:
1451:
939:
927:
808:
764:
684:
President Felipe Calderón and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in Los Cabos, 2012.
168:
2342:"Se firmó el Hermanamiento de los Santuarios de Guadalupe en México y España"
302:
cause, thus he refused to consent to the ambitious schemes of French emperor
3462:
1090:
1075:
999:
780:
776:
470:
419:
381:
369:
326:
275:
1737:"Salinas de Gortari abrirá en Madrid la sede de Fondo de Cultura Económica"
1616:
España compartirá vacunas anticovid con México, anuncia Ebrard (in Spanish)
1041:; while several multinational Mexican companies operate in Spain, such as:
878:. In May 2022, the Mexican archaeologist responsible for the excavation of
2497:
2436:
1957:"Mariano Rajoy destaca la 'meritoria lucha' contra la violencia en México"
155:
led an expedition to what is now Mexico in 1518, establishing the city of
1633:
845:
841:
796:
462:
215:
192:
2123:"España y México refuerzan el diálogo bilateral clave para ambos países"
1910:"Visita de Trabajo de Su Majestad la Reina Sofía de España (in Spanish)"
175:, the new capital was founded as the center of power for the subsequent
2286:
2103:"México refuerza promoción cultural y cooperación académica con España"
1892:"La reina Sofía visita hoy la zona afectada por el terremoto de México"
1601:
1313:"History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)"
1058:
923:
819:
804:
792:
751:(2014) and an Agreement on Cooperation against Organized Crime (2014).
423:
2282:"Las Valladolid de México y España fusionan su gastronomía en Yucatán"
2614:
2479:
2127:
1852:
1071:
1026:
871:
696:
King Felipe VI and President Enrique Peña Nieto in Mexico City, 2015.
354:
196:
50:
1466:
Mexico y España: unidos por la historia, comprometidos con el cambio
945:
In February 2023, the twinning of the Sanctuaries dedicated to the
3771:
3592:
1970:
SS.MM. los Reyes visitan los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (in Spanish)
1050:
1046:
492:
249:
226:
against Spanish rule is widely recognized as the beginning of the
130:
61:
2322:"Hermanamiento de los Santuarios de Guadalupe de España y México"
1701:"Fuerte contenido económico del viaje de López Portillo a España"
1411:"Revelan la agenda de la visita de los Reyes de España a México"
720:
President Enrique Peña Nieto and King Felipe VI in Madrid, 2018.
89:
3563:
3499:
3403:
2630:
2585:
2457:
España y México, una apuesta empresarial de futuro (in Spanish)
3432:
2016:
1225:
Historia del Derecho español en América y del Derecho indiano.
1145:
Building hosting the Consulate-General of Spain in Guadalajara
2468:
Las empresas mexicanas más importantes en España (in Spanish)
1654:
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación
1649:"Comunicado sobre las declaraciones del Presidente de México"
2224:"México y España deben dirigirse hacia un futuro promisorio"
407:, where several buildings collapsed. The following day, the
906:
In 2022, it was the 40th anniversary of the signing of the
368:
From June 29 to July 1, 2015, the king and queen of Spain,
1982:"Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mexico (in Spanish)"
1805:"Official trips by President Felipe Calderón (in Spanish)"
1755:"Zedillo: Visita Oficial de Trabajo a España (in Spanish)"
2264:"México y España, países hermanos gracias a Guadalajara"
2049:"México es el tercer país con más academias de flamenco"
987:
In 2012, four suspected members of Mexican drug cartel
558:
Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from Spain to Mexico
426:. In January, the President of the Spanish Government,
306:, and withdrew Spanish forces following a meeting with
2408:"Spain to extradite suspected Mexican drug lord to US"
1784:"Official trips by President Vicente Fox (in Spanish)"
1537:"Para Marichuy, pedir disculpa a España es simulación"
1519:"Marichuy: Pedir disculpas a España es una simulación"
595:(1991, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018)
90:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
401:
Mexico suffered an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1
294:
sought forced payment from the liberal government of
2002:
4398:
4382:
4346:
4125:
3930:
3779:
3604:
3366:
3335:
3139:
2953:
2765:
2644:
1629:"AMLO plantea poner 'pausa' en relación con España"
1372:"América Latina: el refugio idílico de los etarras"
33:
2390:"Mexican drug cartels eye Spain as their new home"
1497:Lafuente, Javier; Abellán, Lucía (26 March 2019).
1081:Spain has an embassy and a consulate-general in
926:(Mexico). Likewise, the twinning of the city of
2376:"Mexican drug cartel members arrested in Spain"
361:of harboring members of the armed organization
73:Ties between Mexico and Spain date back to the
2534:"Páginas - Consulado de España en Guadalajara"
1939:"Confirman visita relámpago de Aznar a México"
888:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences
822:exchange. Both countries actively promote the
3575:
2597:
2437:"Trade between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)"
1627:Aragón Espejo, Adriana de (9 February 2022).
848:are two genres of Latin music, recognized as
317:(1936–1939), Mexico had provided arms to the
8:
2552:"Páginas - Consulado de España en Monterrey"
480:In March 2022, the Spanish Foreign Minister
278:commanded the Spanish expeditionary army in
19:
453:In November 2020, Spanish Foreign Minister
298:for loans. Prim was a sympathizer with the
183:on top, who had the most rights, until the
3582:
3568:
3560:
3496:
3400:
2641:
2627:
2604:
2590:
2582:
1235:
1233:
438:(CNI) of Mexico through its spokeswoman,
4451:Relations of colonizer and former colony
2516:"Páginas - Embajada de España en México"
1390:"LAS CONEXIONES DE ETA EN LATINOAMÉRICA"
1331:
1329:
1272:, New York: Longmans 1994, pp. 169, 278.
1227:Madrid: Aguilar. ISBN 978-84-03-25044-4.
828:National Autonomous University of Mexico
502:Presidential visits from Mexico to Spain
1668:Hernández, Marisol (11 February 2022).
1182:
1099:
638:
254:Spain fails to reconquer Mexico at the
167:, was conquered by the Spanish and the
3545:Visa requirements for Mexican citizens
1293:Bloomekatz, Ari B. (1 December 2008).
975:Spanish Cultural Center in Mexico City
388:Viceroyalty Museum. Mexican President
238:. The Empire was ousted and the first
18:
1405:
1403:
94:Organization of Ibero-American States
7:
2031:"Relación bilateral México – España"
2017:"Fundación Casa de México en España"
574:(1978, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2002)
127:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1157:Centro Cultural de España en México
267:in the ensuing years under General
222:speech by Mexican Catholic priest
14:
2362:"Spain 'foils Mexican drug plot'"
1394:Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo
1223:Ots Capdequí, José María (1968).
1211:"BBC - History - Hernando Cortés"
1191:"Los conquistadores tlaxcaltecas"
3770:
3637:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3591:
3390:
2913:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2667:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2613:
1138:
1126:
1121:Consulate of Mexico in Barcelona
1114:
1102:
1002:in Spain, to the United States.
968:
956:
949:in Mexico and Spain was signed.
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
448:Dukedom of Moctezuma de Tultengo
440:María de Jesús Patricio Martínez
187:were established throughout the
171:in 1521. Rebuilt to present-day
88:Both nations are members of the
55:
44:
25:
2425:Data Mexico: Spain (in Spanish)
1133:Embassy of Spain in Mexico City
1023:Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
2154:. 2 January 2014. p. 366.
918:(Spain) and the corresponding
894:Since June 2022, the Group of
195:. Likewise, the rights of the
1:
4441:Bilateral relations of Mexico
1295:"'Mexican Schindler' honored"
1172:Spanish immigration to Mexico
934:(Spain) with its counterpart
886:, was distinguished with the
345:Relations in the 21st century
4446:Bilateral relations of Spain
4406:Diplomatic missions of Spain
1167:Mexican immigration to Spain
1065:Resident diplomatic missions
850:intangible cultural heritage
607:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
436:National Indigenous Congress
139:and his indigenous mistress
4415:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3511:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2620:Foreign relations of Mexico
1109:Embassy of Mexico in Madrid
616:(April and June 2012, 2014)
516:Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
416:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
414:In 2019, Mexican President
265:reconquer its former colony
228:Mexican War of Independence
209:Mexican War of Independence
110:Spanish migration to Mexico
79:Mexican War of Independence
4467:
3598:Foreign relations of Spain
3483:Rio Grande border disputes
1085:and consulates-general in
206:
143:meeting the Aztec Emperor
124:
75:Spanish conquest of Mexico
3768:
3506:
3495:
3413:
3399:
3388:
2640:
2626:
1675:El Periódico de Catalunya
1162:Embassy of Mexico, Madrid
1070:Mexico has an embassy in
1010:In 1997, Mexico signed a
874:live in Spain and retain
523:Carlos Salinas de Gortari
409:Military Emergencies Unit
331:Gilberto Bosques Saldívar
224:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
151:The Spanish conquistador
67:
54:
43:
24:
602:(1996, 2001, 2002, 2003)
546:(2007, 2008, 2010, 2012)
539:(2001, 2002, 2005, 2006)
177:Viceroyalty of New Spain
884:Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
836:University of Salamanca
399:On September 19, 2017,
4436:Mexico–Spain relations
4158:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3516:Diplomatic missions of
3478:Colorado river dispute
2364:. BBC. 10 August 2012.
963:Mexico House in Madrid
572:Juan Carlos I of Spain
498:
259:
218:in 1808, and the 1810
148:
102:shared common language
20:Mexico–Spain relations
3540:Visa policy of Mexico
2903:Saint Kitts and Nevis
813:community development
591:King (and as Prince)
496:
455:Arancha González Laya
353:countries, including
253:
163:, the capital of the
135:Spanish conquistador
134:
4102:United Arab Emirates
3126:United Arab Emirates
2502:consulmex.sre.gob.mx
1012:Free Trade Agreement
910:between the city of
787:Cultural cooperation
738:Bilateral agreements
378:Miguel Ángel Mancera
339:Spanish royal family
4399:Diplomatic missions
3907:Trinidad and Tobago
2923:Trinidad and Tobago
2773:Antigua and Barbuda
2394:newamericamedia.org
2350:. 13 February 2023.
2310:. 6 September 2022.
2172:. 24 February 2023.
1874:"Untitled Document"
1657:. 10 February 2022.
1074:and a consulate in
947:Virgin of Guadalupe
852:, being emblems of
832:Instituto Cervantes
509:José López Portillo
482:José Manuel Albares
357:, have been accused
234:in 1821, after the
104:and stems from the
21:
16:Bilateral relations
3837:Dominican Republic
3530:Castañeda Doctrine
2838:Dominican Republic
2484:embamex.sre.gob.mx
2414:. 16 January 2017.
2330:. 6 February 2023.
2232:. 29 October 2022.
2212:. 26 October 2022.
2131:. 20 October 2022.
2073:. 11 October 2022.
2035:Gobierno de México
1914:presidencia.gob.mx
1898:. 8 December 1985.
1759:presidencia.gob.mx
916:Castilla-La Mancha
876:titles of nobility
614:Mariano Rajoy Brey
593:Felipe VI of Spain
588:(1985, 1987, 1991)
581:(1983, 1985, 2000)
551:Enrique Peña Nieto
499:
432:conquest of Mexico
390:Enrique Peña Nieto
319:Republican faction
260:
185:Laws of the Indies
149:
4423:
4422:
3647:Equatorial Guinea
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3491:
3490:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
2677:Equatorial Guinea
2556:exteriores.gob.es
2538:exteriores.gob.es
2520:exteriores.gob.es
2290:. 12 August 2022.
2268:Henares aldía.com
1989:exteriores.gob.es
1707:. 1 October 1977.
1299:Los Angeles Times
1199:. 1 October 2021.
489:High-level visits
315:Spanish Civil War
256:Battle of Tampico
246:Post-independence
242:created in 1823.
236:Treaty of Córdoba
83:Spanish Civil War
71:
70:
4458:
4359:Marshall Islands
4005:Kurdistan Region
3774:
3737:Sahrawi Republic
3596:
3595:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3535:Estrada Doctrine
3525:Mexican diaspora
3497:
3401:
3394:
3358:Papua New Guinea
2727:Sahrawi Republic
2642:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2433:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2396:. February 2013.
2386:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:Radio Fórmula.mx
2162:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1916:. Archived from
1906:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1851:. Archived from
1840:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:diputados.gob.mx
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1791:diputados.gob.mx
1788:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1761:. Archived from
1751:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1585:. 31 March 2019.
1573:
1567:
1566:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1545:. 28 March 2019.
1533:
1527:
1526:
1525:. 28 March 2019.
1515:
1509:
1508:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1455:. 13 March 2021.
1443:
1437:
1436:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1346:. Archived from
1341:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1247:. Archived from
1237:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1187:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1061:(among others).
983:Drug trafficking
972:
960:
932:Castile and León
824:Spanish language
801:entrepreneurship
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
621:Letizia of Spain
600:José María Aznar
360:
323:Francisco Franco
240:Mexican Republic
220:Grito de Dolores
159:on his arrival.
121:Spanish conquest
106:Spanish Conquest
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4394:
4378:
4374:Solomon Islands
4342:
4278:North Macedonia
4121:
3926:
3775:
3766:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3558:
3549:
3502:
3487:
3409:
3395:
3378:
3362:
3331:
3135:
2949:
2761:
2636:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2568:
2563:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2444:economia.gob.mx
2439:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2252:. 15 June 2022.
2242:
2241:
2237:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1743:. 17 July 1992.
1735:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1605:. 2 April 2019.
1595:
1594:
1590:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:. 18 July 2021.
1555:
1554:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1486:. 2 April 2019.
1476:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:. 23 June 2015.
1409:
1408:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1268:Brian Hamnett,
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1189:
1188:
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1153:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1097:
1067:
1031:Santander Group
1008:
1006:Trade relations
985:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
973:
965:
964:
961:
870:Descendants of
789:
757:
740:
733:
730:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
646:
637:
626:Prime Minister
612:Prime Minister
605:Prime Minister
598:Prime Minister
586:Felipe González
584:Prime Minister
563:Prime Minister
544:Felipe Calderón
530:Ernesto Zedillo
491:
394:Angélica Rivera
358:
347:
300:Mexican liberal
269:Isidro Barradas
248:
211:
205:
129:
123:
118:
60:
56:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
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4402:
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4396:
4395:
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4380:
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4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4338:United Kingdom
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:Czech Republic
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
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4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
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4007:
3997:
3992:
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3977:
3972:
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3724:
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3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3555:
3554:
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3548:
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3423:United Nations
3420:
3418:European Union
3414:
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3404:
3397:
3396:
3389:
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3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3327:United Kingdom
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Czech Republic
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
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3083:
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3073:
3068:
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3018:
3013:
3008:
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2998:
2993:
2988:
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2963:
2957:
2955:
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2948:
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2920:
2915:
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2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
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2875:
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2865:
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2825:
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2800:
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2775:
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2679:
2674:
2669:
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2648:
2646:
2638:
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2631:
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2611:
2609:
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2601:
2594:
2586:
2580:
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2574:
2567:
2566:External links
2564:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2525:
2507:
2489:
2471:
2460:
2449:
2428:
2417:
2399:
2381:
2367:
2353:
2333:
2313:
2293:
2273:
2270:. 17 May 2022.
2255:
2235:
2215:
2195:
2192:. 18 May 2022.
2175:
2157:
2134:
2114:
2094:
2076:
2071:Gacetín Madrid
2058:
2055:. 1 July 2019.
2040:
2037:. 9 June 2014.
2022:
2008:
1994:
1973:
1962:
1948:
1943:cronica.com.mx
1930:
1901:
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459:Marcelo Ebrard
392:and his wife,
351:Latin American
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308:Manuel Doblado
292:United Kingdom
282:in 1862, when
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207:Main article:
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2378:. Al Jazeera.
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2118:
2115:
2111:. 6 May 2022.
2110:
2109:
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2091:. 4 May 2022.
2090:
2089:El Comentario
2086:
2080:
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2053:Expo Flamenco
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2018:
2012:
2009:
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1998:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1952:
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1944:
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1920:on 2017-10-29
1919:
1915:
1911:
1905:
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1855:on 2016-03-04
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1542:El Financiero
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1415:¡HOLA! México
1412:
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1382:
1378:. 2010-02-03.
1377:
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1353:on 2016-02-17
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1251:on 2012-11-07
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1245:inehrm.gob.mx
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872:Aztec royalty
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749:Bank of Spain
746:
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704:
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628:Pedro Sánchez
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565:Adolfo Suárez
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467:Latin America
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374:Letizia Ortiz
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296:Benito Juárez
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153:Hernán Cortés
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137:Hernán Cortés
133:
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120:
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107:
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80:
76:
66:
63:
52:
42:
39:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
4067:Saudi Arabia
3876:
3752:South Africa
3622:Burkina Faso
3406:Multilateral
3306:
3091:Saudi Arabia
2930:
2737:South Africa
2555:
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2347:Vatican News
2345:
2336:
2327:Vatican News
2325:
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2011:
1997:
1988:
1976:
1965:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:the original
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:the original
1848:
1845:"Mmh.org.mx"
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1799:
1790:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:the original
1758:
1749:
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1376:El Imparcial
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1355:. Retrieved
1348:the original
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1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
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862:
840:
830:(UNAM), the
817:
790:
758:
741:
609:(2004, 2007)
557:
556:
553:(2014, 2018)
532:(1996, 2000)
501:
500:
479:
475:
452:
444:Moctezuma II
413:
398:
367:
348:
335:
312:
304:Napoleon III
273:
261:
219:
212:
203:Independence
165:Aztec Empire
161:Tenochtitlan
150:
145:Moctezuma II
87:
72:
4364:New Zealand
4328:Switzerland
4273:Netherlands
4072:South Korea
4057:Philippines
4042:North Korea
3938:Afghanistan
3847:El Salvador
3677:Ivory Coast
3428:Coffee Club
3353:New Zealand
3317:Switzerland
3262:Netherlands
3081:Philippines
3041:South Korea
3036:North Korea
2961:Afghanistan
2908:Saint Lucia
2848:El Salvador
2692:Ivory Coast
2229:El Comercio
1843:okler.net.
1830:casareal.es
1087:Guadalajara
1083:Mexico City
1055:Grupo Bimbo
920:Guadalajara
912:Guadalajara
809:gastronomic
537:Vicente Fox
405:Mexico City
313:During the
173:Mexico City
169:Tlaxcaltecs
141:La Malinche
4430:Categories
4390:Yugoslavia
4268:Montenegro
4248:Luxembourg
4107:Uzbekistan
4022:Kazakhstan
3953:Bangladesh
3948:Azerbaijan
3827:Costa Rica
3712:Mozambique
3702:Mauritania
3632:Cape Verde
3473:World Bank
3374:Yugoslavia
3252:Luxembourg
3031:Kazakhstan
2986:East Timor
2976:Bangladesh
2971:Azerbaijan
2823:Costa Rica
2712:Mozambique
2307:20 minutos
1924:2015-03-22
1859:2015-03-22
1849:mmh.org.mx
1769:2015-03-22
1523:Nación 321
1483:El Español
1357:2015-03-22
1320:sre.gob.mx
1255:2013-02-19
1178:References
1035:Telefónica
936:Valladolid
928:Valladolid
765:Air Europa
761:Aeroméxico
549:President
542:President
535:President
528:President
521:President
514:President
507:President
329:, France,
290:, and the
4354:Australia
4243:Lithuania
4077:Sri Lanka
4052:Palestine
3985:Indonesia
3968:Hong Kong
3922:Venezuela
3882:Nicaragua
3852:Guatemala
3787:Argentina
3520:in Mexico
3501:Diplomacy
3463:Rio Group
3408:relations
3343:Australia
3247:Lithuania
3101:Sri Lanka
3096:Singapore
3076:Palestine
3001:Indonesia
2945:Venezuela
2883:Nicaragua
2858:Guatemala
2778:Argentina
2635:relations
2633:Bilateral
2108:Excélsior
1344:colmex.mx
1091:Monterrey
1076:Barcelona
1014:with the
1000:los Zetas
781:World2Fly
777:Wamos Air
755:Transport
471:Caribbean
420:Argentina
386:Guadalupe
382:Zacatecas
370:Felipe VI
327:Marseille
276:Juan Prim
4410:in Spain
4318:Slovenia
4313:Slovakia
4293:Portugal
4213:Holy See
4163:Bulgaria
4092:Thailand
4047:Pakistan
4037:Malaysia
3902:Suriname
3892:Paraguay
3867:Honduras
3822:Colombia
3780:Americas
3652:Ethiopia
3627:Cameroon
3302:Slovenia
3297:Slovakia
3277:Portugal
3217:Holy See
3167:Bulgaria
3116:Thailand
3071:Pakistan
3061:Mongolia
3056:Malaysia
2918:Suriname
2893:Paraguay
2873:Honduras
2833:Dominica
2818:Colombia
2788:Barbados
2766:Americas
2757:Zimbabwe
2742:Tanzania
2682:Ethiopia
2498:"Inicio"
2480:"Inicio"
1880:. Spain.
1878:El Mundo
1429:"México"
1151:See also
908:twinning
901:heritage
846:flamenco
842:Mariachi
834:and the
820:academic
815:issues.
797:business
793:cultural
773:Iberojet
469:and the
463:COVID-19
349:Several
274:General
216:Napoleon
193:Americas
181:criollos
157:Veracruz
147:in 1519.
96:and the
4347:Oceania
4333:Ukraine
4298:Romania
4258:Moldova
4228:Ireland
4223:Iceland
4218:Hungary
4203:Germany
4193:Finland
4188:Estonia
4183:Denmark
4168:Croatia
4153:Belarus
4148:Belgium
4143:Austria
4138:Andorra
4133:Albania
4112:Vietnam
4032:Lebanon
3975:Georgia
3943:Armenia
3917:Uruguay
3872:Jamaica
3842:Ecuador
3802:Bolivia
3792:Bahamas
3762:Tunisia
3747:Somalia
3742:Senegal
3727:Nigeria
3717:Namibia
3707:Morocco
3687:Liberia
3612:Algeria
3468:UNECLAC
3336:Oceania
3322:Ukraine
3282:Romania
3232:Ireland
3227:Iceland
3222:Hungary
3207:Germany
3197:Finland
3192:Estonia
3187:Denmark
3172:Croatia
3162:Belgium
3157:Belarus
3152:Austria
3147:Andorra
3131:Vietnam
3051:Lebanon
2991:Georgia
2966:Armenia
2940:Uruguay
2878:Jamaica
2853:Grenada
2843:Ecuador
2798:Bolivia
2783:Bahamas
2747:Tunisia
2732:Senegal
2722:Nigeria
2717:Namibia
2707:Morocco
2652:Algeria
2412:El País
2287:Infobae
2003:"CCEMX"
1896:El País
1741:El País
1723:El País
1705:El País
1602:Infobae
1562:El País
1504:El País
1452:El País
1435:. 2017.
1396:. 2010.
1059:Softtek
989:Sinaloa
940:Yucatán
924:Jalisco
858:Spanish
854:Mexican
805:tourism
635:Gallery
424:Bolivia
258:in 1829
191:in the
116:History
4383:Former
4323:Sweden
4308:Serbia
4303:Russia
4288:Poland
4283:Norway
4263:Monaco
4238:Latvia
4208:Greece
4198:France
4173:Cyprus
4126:Europe
4097:Turkey
4087:Taiwan
4027:Kuwait
4017:Jordan
3990:Israel
3958:Bhutan
3887:Panama
3877:Mexico
3857:Guyana
3812:Canada
3807:Brazil
3797:Belize
3732:Rwanda
3667:Guinea
3617:Angola
3605:Africa
3367:Former
3312:Sweden
3292:Serbia
3287:Russia
3272:Poland
3267:Norway
3257:Monaco
3242:Latvia
3212:Greece
3202:France
3177:Cyprus
3140:Europe
3121:Turkey
3111:Taiwan
3046:Kuwait
3026:Jordan
3016:Israel
2888:Panama
2863:Guyana
2808:Canada
2803:Brazil
2793:Belize
2752:Uganda
2657:Angola
2645:Africa
2128:Forbes
1959:. CNN.
1433:Gob.es
1270:Juárez
1213:. BBC.
1072:Madrid
1027:Mapfre
811:, and
769:Iberia
630:(2019)
623:(2017)
619:Queen
577:Queen
567:(1977)
525:(1992)
518:(1985)
511:(1977)
355:Mexico
284:France
280:Mexico
51:Mexico
4369:Palau
4253:Malta
4233:Italy
4117:Yemen
4082:Syria
4062:Qatar
4012:Japan
3980:India
3963:China
3862:Haiti
3817:Chile
3757:Sudan
3722:Niger
3692:Libya
3682:Kenya
3662:Ghana
3657:Gabon
3642:Egypt
3443:USMCA
3307:Spain
3237:Italy
3106:Syria
3086:Qatar
3021:Japan
2996:India
2981:China
2933:Texas
2868:Haiti
2813:Chile
2702:Libya
2697:Kenya
2687:Ghana
2672:Egypt
2440:(PDF)
2146:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1808:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1340:(PDF)
1316:(PDF)
1051:Gruma
1047:Cemex
570:King
288:Spain
62:Spain
4000:Iraq
3995:Iran
3931:Asia
3897:Peru
3832:Cuba
3697:Mali
3348:Fiji
3066:Oman
3011:Iraq
3006:Iran
2954:Asia
2898:Peru
2828:Cuba
2662:Chad
1089:and
1057:and
1043:ALFA
1039:Zara
1037:and
856:and
844:and
779:and
747:and
372:and
108:and
3458:OEI
3453:OAS
3448:NIC
3438:IMF
3433:G20
2209:ABC
2189:ABC
2151:BOE
1582:ABC
938:in
930:in
922:in
914:in
865:PAN
422:or
363:ETA
263:to
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