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civilians. Among them lies
Mordechaj Anielewicz, the Commander in Chief. On May 8, 1943, surrounded by the Nazis after three weeks of struggle, many perished or took their own lives, refusing to perish at the hands of their enemies. There were several hundred bunkers built in the Ghetto. Found and destroyed by the Nazis, they became graves. They could not save those who sought refuge inside them, yet they remain everlasting symbols of the Warsaw Jews’ will to live. The bunker at Miła Street was the largest in the ghetto. It is the place of rest of over one hundred fighters, only some of whom are known by name. Here they rest, buried as they fell, to remind us that the whole earth is their grave.
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In
October 1940, the governor of Nazi German-occupied Warsaw ordered city officials to begin construction of a ghetto for Jews in an area of Warsaw formerly used for quarantine during epidemics; it was completed on 15 November 1940. The initial population of Jews confined to the ghetto was 400,000.
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The location of the is now known. It is to be forced open tomorrow... On the average the raiding parties shoot 30 to 50 Jews each night... Today we blew up a concrete building which we had not been able to destroy by fire. In this operation we learned that the blowing up of a building is a very
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Grave of the fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising built from the rubble of Miła Street, one of the liveliest streets of pre-war Jewish Warsaw. These ruins of the bunker at 18 Miła Street are the place of rest of the commanders and fighters of the Jewish Combat Organization, as well as some
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by ingesting poison rather than surrender, though a group of about 30 eluded the SS by escaping through the only un-blocked door of the six. They crawled through the Ghetto through a sewer until able to emerge near Prosta Street to the "Aryan side" of Warsaw on May 10, 1943.
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The current numbering of the buildings on Mila Street does not correspond to the wartime numbering. The memorial is now located at the intersection of Miła and Dubois
Streets while the current Miła 18 is an apartment block about 700 metres to the west.
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The bunker at Miła 18 was initially constructed by a group of Polish partisans and armed underground resistance fighters against the
Germans. They were joined there by the ŻOB fighters after their hideout, at 29 Miła Street, had been discovered.
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reported to SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and
General of Police Krueger that 56,065 of the remaining Jews of the Warsaw ghetto were deported to death camps or exterminated by gunshot, explosion, fire, or asphyxiation.
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All windows, doors, and other exits to the rest of Warsaw were bricked up. From July to
October 1942, over 310,300 Jews were removed from the ghetto, for transport to concentration camps or due to death.
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Non-invasive surveys confirming subsurface evidence of the bunker and tunnel systems were carried out in 2021 by the
Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
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lengthy process and takes an enormous amount of explosives. The best and only method for destroying the Jews therefore still remains the setting of fires.
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In 2006, a new obelisk designed by Hanna
Szmalenberg and Marek Moderau was added to the memorial. The inscription in Polish, English and Yiddish reads:
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The whole Ghetto was searched today by raiding parties... are resolved not to terminate the large-scale operation until the last Jew has been destroyed.
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In 1946, the monument known as
Anielewicz Mound, made of the rubble of Miła Street houses, was erected. A commemorative stone inscribed in
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The names of 51 Jewish fighters whose identities have been established by historians are engraved on the front of the obelisk.
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509:. University of South Florida: Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education. 2005
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Note: Bandit was the word used by the Germans for Polish partisans and armed underground fighters.
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Miazga, Colin; Bauman, Paul; McClymont, Alastair; Slater, Chris (1 September 2021).
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647:"Geophysical investigation of the Miła 18 resistance bunker in Warsaw, Poland"
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Commemorative stone on top of the mound, visible stones put by Jewish visitors
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532:"Stroop's Final Report on the Battles in the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (May 1943)"
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Hanna Szmalenberg and Marek Moderau (obelisk); Unknown (commemorative stone)
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Underground bunker of the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto during WW2
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The armed resistance fighters surrendered, but the ŻOB command, including
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into the shelter to force the occupants out. Anielewicz, his girlfriend
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Obelisk at the foot of the mound with the names of 51 Jewish fighters
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This article is about a location. For the novel named after it, see
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First International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy
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Images of Graves of the Fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
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In July 1945, survivors of the Jewish Underground (among them
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From 17 April 1943 to 18 May 1943, SS Brigadefuehrer
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189:On 8 May 1943, three weeks after the start of the
503:"The Stroop Report: The Warsaw Ghetto is No More"
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148:in Poland during the Nazi German occupation of
558:Leociak, J. (2011). "Dom Spotkań z Historią".
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181:Postwar reconstruction of the Miła 18 bunker
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560:Spojrzenia na warszawskie getto. Ulica Miła
538:. Nuremberg Documents, PS-1061. 16 May 1943
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717:"The Ghetto Fights," by Marek Edelman
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229:From the Stroop Report, 8 May 1943:
683:"Anielewicz's Bunker (Miła Street)"
296:Jewish fighters who died at Miła 18
590:, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1999.
562:(in Polish). Warszawa. p. 26.
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806:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising insurgents
796:Monuments and memorials in Warsaw
629:"Mila 18 Bunker site photograph"
265:was placed on top of the mound.
221:and many of his staff committed
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608:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
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173:The Warsaw Ghetto uprising
138:Jewish Combat Organization
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317:Mordechaj Anielewicz
211:Mordechaj Anielewicz
103:Completion date
742:52.2515°N 20.9923°E
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604:"The Stroop Report"
588:Zagłada i powstanie
475:Moszek Zylbertszajn
471:Rachelka Zylberberg
122:Bunkier Anielewicza
95:Beginning date
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464:Zeew Wortman
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238:Remembrance
760:Categories
733:20°59′32″E
730:52°15′05″N
484:References
377:Rut Hejman
351:Józef Fass
156:Background
106:1946, 2006
568:cite book
368:Wolf Gold
196:From the
140:(ŻOB), a
613:22 April
542:22 April
513:22 April
215:tear gas
85:Material
77:Designer
72:, Poland
66:Location
425:Salka (
392:Lolek (
263:Yiddish
89:Granite
32:Mila 18
18:Miła 18
259:Polish
130:Polish
118:Polish
70:Warsaw
693:3 May
664:3 May
695:2024
666:2024
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