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31:
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celebrated its 20th anniversary by printing the largest newspaper edition ever made in
Milwaukee. It featured 66 pages and a greeting (in Polish and English) thanking their readership of 70,000 Polish people in Milwaukee and 4 million Polish people in America. In 1909, Kruszka expanded his newspaper
480:"Should any such Catholic dare to go to confession and communion without confessing or telling to the priest that they still read or subscribe to the papers mention, let them understand that…they commit horrible sacrilege".
400:
by promoting their representation and fair treatment in the churches, politics, fraternal organizations and other facets of society. Devoutly
Catholic and nationalistic, Kruszka also took a strong stand on the
802:
556:, the first Polish American to be elected to that post thanks to the Kuryer's support. Without its firebrand editor, the Kuryer would remain out of major church controversies until its closing in 1962.
533:, agitating for support of the Polish cause. It was partially due to such agitation that some Polish-Americans enlisted in the newly formed Polish army, with the most famous of such units being the
552:
ordered flags to be flown at half staff until his funeral on
December 5. More than 1000 people attended the memorial service which was eulogized by recently elected U.S. Congressman
515:
446:. Kruszka continued his passionate agitation for Polish representation in the church hierarchy, which caused considerable conflict with the Milwaukee diocese and criticism from
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408:"When I sound a delicate piano string, I use a soft little mallet. But when I have to straighten a crooked rail, I use fire and a sledgehammer."
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against the archdiocese, but lost. Both sides as well as other parties filed several lawsuits and countersuits against one another for
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461:. Finally on February 12, 1912, the Milwaukee archdiocese took the unprecedented step of declaring that anyone reading the
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church to catch a glimpse of the new bishop and to celebrate the validation of Poles within the leadership of the church.
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50:
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357:, as an insurance salesman. But his real passions were politics and journalism and he began attempts to publish a
450:
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435:. There had been considerable strife between the local Polish parishes and the Archdiocese, which was run by
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453:. The Archbishop of Milwaukee supported the launch of a second Polish language newspaper,
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499:. Those religious politics resulted in a schism in the church and consequently three
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newspaper in 1885. After some setbacks, in June 1888, Kruszka founded a successful
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Kruszka used this forum to campaign for the appointment of a Polish bishop in the
323:
549:
767:
572:, a priest, historian, and activist for Polish representation in the episcopate
337:
at a very early age, Kruszka left
Prussia following his release. He arrived in
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Arrested by the Kaiser's police for pro-Polish agitation and protests against
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issues of the day. Criticized by some for his strong views, he replied:
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Kruszka entered the realm of politics, eventually winning a seat in the
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In
November 1913, Michael Kruszka's passionate crusading led to Father
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to read
Kruszka's newspapers. As a result, Kruszka filed suit in the
443:
374:. It would be the first successful Polish-language daily in America.
307:
204:
750:
Faith and
Fatherland: The Polish Church War in Wisconsin, 1896-1918
496:
385:. Two years later he became the first Polish state senator in the
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Kruszka strongly supported the case for a free and independent
658:. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Administration. p. 661
484:
474:
267:(September 28, 1860 – December 2, 1918) was a
341:
in 1880. After arriving in the US, Kruszka learned to speak
274:, politician, and journalist. He served four years in the
752:. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1980.
803:
Democratic Party members of the
Wisconsin State Assembly
529:
he published a weekly column called "Poland's Cause" in
652:
540:
Kruszka died on
December 2, 1918, after suffering a
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In his editorial line, Kruszka demanded respect for
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Biography at Polish Genealogical Society of America
503:were built in Milwaukee and their attendance grew.
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290:. He was the first Polish American member of the
578:brother, Jozef Kruszka, managing editor of the
510:being appointed as the first Polish Bishop for
738:. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2002.
8:
345:and received a business school education at
818:History of Catholicism in the United States
575:wife, Jadwiga Linkiewicz (married in 1882)
115:January 5, 1891 – January 2, 1893
64:January 2, 1893 – January 4, 1897
29:
18:
16:Polish American politician and journalist.
798:Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
619:
617:
565:parents, Jan and Anna Kluczyńska Kruszka
613:
793:American politicians of Polish descent
655:State of Wisconsin 1991-1992 Blue Book
514:. A jubilant crowd 50,000 gathered at
431:as well as to call for reforms in the
318:. He was educated at the colleges of
788:German emigrants to the United States
743:A History of Poles In America to 1908
7:
678:"The Church of the Code: 1903-1945"
302:Michał Kruszka was born in 1860 in
838:19th-century Wisconsin politicians
457:, to counter the influence of the
14:
833:19th-century American legislators
700:"Stroke Fatal to Ex-Sen Kruszaka"
501:Polish National Catholic Churches
310:. At the time it was within the
246:
216:Graceland Cemetery (re-interred)
828:Editors of Wisconsin newspapers
592:Polish National Catholic Church
625:"Kruszka, Michael 1860 - 1918"
1:
708:. December 3, 1918. p. 7
214:Fairview Mausoleum (original)
763:Polish Churches of Milwaukee
736:In the Richness of the Earth
630:Wisconsin Historical Society
389:having been elected to the
306:, in what is now northwest
286:'s south side and southern
854:
823:Politicians from Milwaukee
680:. Archdiocese of Milwaukee
783:American male journalists
451:Sebastian Gebhard Messmer
420:(National Daily News) in
254:
143:
108:
57:
37:
28:
745:. Washington D.C.: 2001.
429:American Catholic Church
379:Wisconsin State Assembly
201:Cause of death
96:Wisconsin State Assembly
705:Wisconsin State Journal
489:Wisconsin Supreme Court
349:. In 1883, he came to
748:Kuznewski, Anthony J.
471:sacramental absolution
411:On June 27, 1908, the
391:Wisconsin State Senate
276:Wisconsin State Senate
433:Milwaukee archdiocese
416:empire by purchasing
347:Elizabeth, New Jersey
292:Wisconsin Legislature
278:and two years in the
219:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
535:Kościuszko Squadron
87:Julius Edward Roehr
734:Avella, Steven M.
316:Kingdom of Prussia
163:September 28, 1860
138:Michael F. Blenski
126:Edward I. Slupecki
741:Kruszka, Wacław.
525:, and during the
467:Dziennik Narodowy
418:Dziennik Narodowy
312:Province of Posen
258:
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75:James C. Reynolds
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508:Edward Kozlowski
469:would be denied
398:Polish Americans
288:Milwaukee County
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183:December 2, 1918
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148:Personal details
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122:
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45:Wisconsin Senate
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729:Further reading
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633:. 8 August 2017
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554:John C. Kleczka
527:First World War
363:Polish language
359:Polish language
300:
282:, representing
269:Polish American
265:Michael Kruszka
238:Jadwiga Kruszka
225:Political party
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757:External links
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718:Newspapers.com
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597:Wacław Kruszka
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570:Wacław Kruszka
568:half-brother,
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561:
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516:St. Stanislaus
455:Nowiny Polskie
333:in his native
299:
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280:State Assembly
261:Michał Kruszka
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187:(aged 58)
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93:Member of the
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42:Member of the
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413:Kuryer Polski
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387:United States
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381:in 1890 as a
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371:Kuryer Polski
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339:United States
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331:Germanization
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211:Resting place
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104:12th district
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36:
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735:
716:– via
710:. Retrieved
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694:
682:. Retrieved
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660:. Retrieved
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635:. Retrieved
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483:It became a
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185:(1918-12-02)
133:Succeeded by
110:
82:Succeeded by
59:
813:1918 deaths
808:1860 births
684:January 28,
662:January 28,
550:Daniel Hoan
121:Preceded by
70:Preceded by
777:Categories
608:References
493:conspiracy
473:for their
448:Archbishop
304:Słabomierz
229:Democratic
166:Słabomierz
159:1860-09-28
546:Milwaukee
512:Milwaukee
355:Wisconsin
351:Milwaukee
324:Wągrowiec
298:Biography
284:Milwaukee
272:immigrant
243:Signature
194:Wisconsin
190:Milwaukee
111:In office
102:Milwaukee
100:from the
60:In office
49:from the
712:March 2,
637:March 2,
586:See also
383:Democrat
53:district
465:or the
422:Chicago
368:called
343:English
320:Filehne
314:in the
174:Prussia
560:Family
548:mayor
542:stroke
531:Kuryer
523:Poland
463:Kuryer
459:Kuryer
444:clergy
437:German
335:Poznań
308:Poland
235:Spouse
205:Stroke
196:, U.S.
497:libel
441:Irish
403:labor
366:daily
170:Posen
714:2021
686:2018
664:2018
639:2021
495:and
475:sins
439:and
322:and
180:Died
153:Born
485:sin
263:or
51:8th
779::
702:.
627:.
616:^
544:.
537:.
477:.
424:.
393:.
353:,
326:.
294:.
192:,
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157:(
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