596:
480:. Kirby explains "there have always been divisions, reflecting the different philosophies and perspectives of the office-holders", and that throughout the High Court's history, many dissenting opinions have ultimately been adopted as good law. Further, Kirby argues that the rate of dissent, if seen within its context, is relatively small. Cases heard before the full bench of the High Court have proceeded through a series of lower courts and special leave hearings. They are thus likely to test the boundaries of the existing law, and raise opposing, though no less valid, views of the law.
1274:
49:
952:
1456:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1352:
3380:
928:
1469:
1482:
1326:
1231:
1218:
1521:
1495:
1365:
1300:
1287:
1244:
1192:
1175:
1162:
1149:
965:
1378:
3415:
4041:
4017:
1508:
1443:
1339:
1313:
1261:
1391:
1534:
4029:
4005:
1048:
1547:
1205:
701:, admitted that he had given false testimony. Having sworn that he had spent his childhood entirely in the notorious Camp 14, he changed his story to say that he had been transferred at the age of six to the nearby Camp 18. He said that he had changed his story after seeing his father (whom he had thought to be dead) on television. Shin apologised but gave few details.
939:
3285:
623:. The report is dated 7 February 2014. It identifies "ystematic, widespread and gross human rights violations" by a "totalitarian state", including "unspeakable atrocities" in the political prison camps. It makes many recommendations for internal reform and international action, including prosecution of the North Korean leadership in the
3993:
665:
Kirby remained involved in advocacy on issues of human rights in North Korea and the abduction of
Japanese citizens, participating in symposia organised by the Japanese government in Geneva (September 2014) with a UN Human Rights Council Panel and in Tokyo (December 2015). In May 2017, he was awarded
574:
He had also addressed this topic in a 1997 speech to the Bar
Association of India, in which he spoke approvingly of "a kind of 'judicial activism' that is often in tune with the deeply felt emotions of ordinary citizens". Nonetheless, Kirby is critical of the term "judicial activism" when it is used
849:
Kirby's father, Donald, was the only child of Alma
Caroline (Norma) Grey, a single working mother of English—Irish descent. Norma became pregnant at 15 with Donald Kirby while in a relationship with a then-17-year-old Victor Kirby, a Catholic who had arrived after the Great Famine. Norma's parents
830:
respectively, of hindering the acceptance of gay people in
Australian society, stating that homophobia was "reinforced even to this day by religious instruction, and it has to be said, religious instruction from the two archbishops of Sydney". Kirby also expressed disappointment in his "minority of
546:
Clearly it would be wrong for a judge to set out in pursuit of a personal policy agenda and hang the law. Yet it would also be wrong, and futile, for a judge to pretend that the solutions to all of the complex problems of the law today, unresolved by incontestably clear and applicable texts, can be
468:
Legal researchers Andrew Lynch and George
Williams observed that "even allowing for 2004 as a year in which Kirby had a particularly high level of explicit disagreement with a majority of his colleagues, it is neither premature nor unfair to say that in the frequency of his dissent, his Honour has
293:
to Donald and Jean
Langmore (née Knowles) Kirby. He was the eldest of five siblings, followed by twins Donald William and David Charles (the latter died at 18 months from pneumonia), David, and Diana Margaret. In 1943 his grandmother, Norma Gray, remarried and her second husband was Jack Simpson,
821:
Kirby is religious, describing himself as a "Protestant
Anglican Christian" and criticising clerical opposition to homosexuality: "I don't want any old gent in frocks to take my religion from me and to me it is still an important aspect of my life". In November 2007, he accused the Anglican and
647:
to discuss the issues with the North Korean government. At a press conference to launch the report, on 17 February 2014, Kirby said that there were "many parallels" between the evidence he had heard and crimes committed by the Nazis and their allies in the Second World War. On 22 April 2014 the
456:
on nearly 40% of the matters in which he participated, almost twice as many as any of his High Court colleagues; in constitutional cases, his rate of dissent was more than 50%. His notable dissent rate has earned him the nickname the "Great
Dissenter". Future High Court Justices who have been
608:
584:
278:
670:, Gold and Silver Star, "in recognition of his contribution to promoting understanding of the situation of Human Rights in North Korea in the international society including the issue of the abductions of Japanese nationals". The honour was presented by Japanese Prime Minister
547:
answered by the application of nothing more than purely verbal reasoning and strict logic to words written by judges in earlier times about the problems they then faced... contrary to myth, judges do more than simply apply law. They have a role in making it and always have.
1013:, a Japanese award, "In recognition of his contribution to promoting understanding of the situation of Human Rights in North Korea in the international society including the issue of the abductions of Japanese nationals" (awarded to former UN special rapporteur
885:, and afterwards worked as a general assistant, then tool and machinery salesman, at a hardware firm. The two became engaged on Jean's 21st birthday and were married in March 1937, a month after Donald turned 21; their first home was in Bloomfield Street,
873:, obtaining a Leaving Certificate, a rarity for a woman at that time, and worked in numerous paid jobs by virtue of her own successes and ability. Donald Kirby, aged 16, and Jean Knowles first met at Saint Martin's Anglican Church,
4126:
814:, Kirby was the keynote speaker at the opening ceremony. "The movement for equality is unstoppable. Its message will eventually reach the four corners of the world," he told a crowd of 35,000. In 2006, he attended the
551:
These lectures sparked a debate in the
Australian media, echoing an ongoing debate in the United States, as to whether judges have the right to interpret the law in the light of its intent and considerations of
376:
for Ramon Burke at the small Sydney firm M. A. Simon and Co., assisting with
Compensation Commission cases for plaintiffs. The firm had two principals, Maurice Arthur Simon and Ramon Burke, later a judge of the
627:
or before an ad hoc international tribunal. North Korea refused all co-operation with the inquiry and, just before the report was launched, issued a statement claiming that it was based upon "faked" material.
802:. Van Vloten helped people living with HIV and Kirby became involved in the issue both within Australia and internationally. Kirby has often spoken publicly in support of gay rights. While President of the
381:. After graduation, he moved to Hickson, Lakeman and Holcombe (now Hicksons Lawyers) as a solicitor, practising in insurance litigation and property disputes. He was a partner of the firm from 1963 to 1967.
3603:
559:
Following increasing public scrutiny into, and characterisations of, High Court judgments as 'activist' in the late 1990s, a number of members of the Court agreed to give interviews in the 1998 documentary
4216:
4196:
4101:
4206:
1768:
564:. Kirby was one of the few members of the Court who did not take part. An insight into Kirby's jurisprudence and judicial style can be found in his engagement with Gavin Griffith QC in
357:
2417:
4141:
4111:
469:
long since eclipsed any other Justice in the history of the Court... has broken away to claim a position of outsider on the Court which seems unlikely to pass with future years".
741:
In July 2009, Kirby accepted a position as adjunct professor in law at the University of Tasmania Faculty of Law. He is also the (founding) Chairman of the Editorial Board of the
4211:
4116:
3596:
4221:
4191:
838:
Kirby was selected by readers of samesame.com.au as one of the 25 most influential gay or lesbian Australians in every year that this list was published, from 2007 to 2010.
472:
Kirby has responded, stating that "on their own, statistics tell little"; to understand Kirby's rate of dissent, it is necessary to examine what his disagreements have been
850:
were John Emmanuel Gray, an English brick- and boiler- maker and Annie Lyons. Annie's father, Harry Lyons, had emigrated from Dublin to Sydney in the 1850s, following the
757:
In 2011, Kirby, suggested that "There is nothing so powerful in the world as an idea whose time has come, and animal protection is just such an idea", becoming a patron of
261:
38:
4136:
4151:
3589:
3502:
3475:
415:, a superior court in that state's legal system, in 1984. During that period, he was also the President of the Court of Appeal of Solomon Islands from 1995 to 1996.
3612:
3529:
60:
4146:
2554:
4121:
4106:
1666:
1685:
2802:
4186:
556:
or whether judges should (or can) simply follow the letter of the law, leaving questions of its intent and underlying principles to elected representatives.
1859:
353:
1821:
2260:
397:
488:
Kirby retired from the High Court on 2 February 2009, shortly before reaching the constitutionally mandatory retirement age of 70, and was succeeded by
4176:
3101:
1772:
4071:
2743:
3075:
595:
4131:
4076:
4066:
1209:
931:
710:
720:
Kirby has a reputation as an eloquent and powerful orator, having given a vast number of speeches over his career on a diverse range of topics.
1065:
643:, where Kim could be tried for his personal culpability as head of state and leader of the military, but proposing that the commission come to
2963:
2525:
2442:
2398:
3052:
495:
After his retirement, Kirby was appointed to several honorary academic roles at Australian universities. These included appointments to: the
378:
2034:
1840:
2360:
735:
3313:
2910:
2866:
2784:
2642:
2188:
723:
The annual Michael Kirby Lecture and Dinner has been conducted by the Faculty of Law and Justice, Southern Cross University, since 2007.
2885:
2494:
2105:
2072:
1958:
1166:
803:
714:
604:
274:
257:
34:
3259:
4091:
2839:
2216:
1623:
985:
314:
2373:
2308:
1803:
4201:
1512:
1131:
956:
687:
599:
The commission of inquiry presided over by Kirby recommended that North Korean leadership be prosecuted for human rights violations.
1726:
1473:
3385:
1112:
3448:
3127:
2608:
2021:
1369:
897:
430:
290:
1700:
1084:
792:
Kirby has been openly gay since around 1984. He has lived since 1969 with Johan van Vloten, who migrated to Australia from the
4096:
2335:
776:'s poetry. In August 2014 he featured in the Sydney Law Revue's finale performance, performing a dancing and singing number to
758:
412:
385:
298:. Although Kirby came to admire Simpson, neither he nor his immediate family embraced the ideology. His father supported the
1754:
1638:
4086:
3803:
2286:
1551:
1421:
1278:
1069:
512:
496:
3330:
1091:
4081:
1447:
1304:
1248:
900:, retiring in 2011; Donald was a solicitor until retiring in 2006. Sister Diana was a nurse in the Colorectal Unit of the
401:
396:
Kirby became the youngest man appointed to federal judicial office in 1975, when he was appointed Deputy President of the
3983:
730:, an independent bioethics research institution in the United States. In 2006, he was elected an Honorary Bencher of the
4156:
1273:
901:
640:
624:
318:
927:
4171:
3573:
2247:
991:
874:
806:
he encouraged that organisation to give more consideration to human sexuality as an aspect of human rights, and as an
590:
163:
1098:
3422:
2981:
1877:
1576:
3743:
3620:
2810:
690:
Marzuki Darusman as "a clear signal that the Japanese Government has not abandoned its determination to pursue the
649:
408:
361:
307:
295:
1058:
575:
as "code language", applied chiefly by conservative commentators to views and to people with which they disagree.
3221:
3025:
2999:
2559:
2009:
1291:
798:
516:
1080:
750:
Since 2010, Kirby has been one of the 11 members of the Eminent Persons Group set up to advise on reform of the
48:
1499:
1252:
1235:
1153:
1004:
878:
870:
4161:
3783:
3512:
3343:
1356:
1010:
882:
832:
751:
691:
667:
462:
449:
426:
326:
270:
4181:
3559:
3356:
1787:
1538:
1525:
951:
851:
539:
504:
299:
126:
2747:
2107:
Second Hamlyn Lecture 2003 – "Judicial Activism" – Authority, Principle and Policy in the Judicial Method
2059:
1932:
3944:
3908:
3675:
3539:
2248:
Council President appoints Members of Commission of Inquiry on the Democratic People’s Republic in Korea
2074:
First Hamlyn Lecture 2003 – "Judicial Activism" – Authority, Principle and Policy in the Judicial Method
1964:
1896:
1395:
1265:
823:
683:
566:
489:
345:
119:
273:, serving from 1996 to 2009. He has remained active in retirement; in May 2013 he was appointed by the
4166:
4061:
3818:
3788:
3563:
3426:
2111:
2078:
1222:
1196:
1179:
1031:
1027:
531:
419:
333:
223:
130:
694:
involved in the abductions in the international community and other crimes revealed in our report."
3863:
3655:
2477:
2450:
2402:
1408:
1317:
893:
862:
815:
631:
As the report was being finalised, on 20 January 2014 Kirby wrote to North Korea's Supreme Leader,
500:
3128:"Judicial Farewell: The Hon. Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG, Justice of the High Court of Australia"
2582:
2287:"Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea"
835:
colleagues, and conceded that "some of the justices perhaps have less liberal views than I have".
4045:
3959:
3949:
3485:
1382:
1330:
1105:
981:
943:
777:
519:
453:
652:, claimed that the "fabrications" are meant to "undermine the ideology and social system of the
585:
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
3310:
2937:
2914:
2870:
841:
Kirby and van Vloten married on 11 February 2019, the 50th anniversary of their first meeting.
3758:
3650:
2655:
2616:
2194:
1619:
1486:
1481:
1460:
1434:
1325:
858:
535:
508:
404:
took Kirby's mantle as the youngest man appointed to federal judicial office at 38 years old.
322:
2895:
2478:"The Hon. Mr. Michael Kirby AC CMG – The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star"
2115:
2082:
1968:
810:
he has expressed disappointment at his church's stance on gay rights. In 2002, at the Sydney
4009:
3997:
3793:
3778:
3665:
1455:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1351:
1014:
964:
679:
620:
341:
337:
2843:
2226:
2137:
1990:
3934:
3918:
3813:
3808:
3711:
3635:
3581:
3468:
3317:
1914:
1807:
1800:
1520:
1494:
1364:
1343:
1299:
1286:
1243:
1191:
1174:
1161:
1148:
968:
769:
727:
656:". The KCNA also criticised Kirby for being gay: "it is ridiculous for such gay [
202:
3418:
3379:
2769:
3878:
3873:
3833:
3828:
3753:
3685:
3680:
2890:
2220:
1994:
1230:
1217:
1183:
913:
811:
698:
636:
446:
373:
349:
303:
241:
25:
4055:
3939:
3913:
3903:
3888:
3853:
3848:
3838:
3768:
3748:
3738:
3690:
3522:
3495:
3458:
3311:
Australian National University, Michael Donald Kirby, Citation for an Honorary Degree
3053:"Michael Kirby marries partner Johan van Vloten on 50th anniversary of first meeting"
2729:
1651:
1377:
1021:
997:
768:
twice since 2004. In May 2007, he appeared in Melbourne alongside hip-hop impresario
671:
616:
107:
3246:
3175:
3163:
946:(AC) in 1991, "For Service to the Law, Law Reform, to Learning and to the Community"
938:
4033:
3898:
3893:
3868:
3858:
3843:
3695:
3645:
3151:
2828:. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia: The University of Tasmania Law Society. 26 May 2017.
886:
731:
458:
437:. He is Patron of the Friends of Libraries Australia (FOLA) and many other bodies.
83:
2704:
4016:
3954:
3823:
3798:
3773:
3763:
3670:
3640:
2679:
1047:
827:
807:
793:
773:
653:
632:
612:
553:
95:
2555:"Finding Megumi: Michael Kirby calls for 'peaceful initiatives' on North Korea"
4021:
3660:
2165:
1507:
1442:
1338:
1312:
1260:
233:
218:
3390:
2691:
2620:
3247:
Media Release: Justice Michael Kirby wins inaugural Australian Privacy Medal
1390:
866:
644:
237:
2261:"UN appoints Kirby to head inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea"
2418:"North Korea slams U.N. human rights report because it was led by gay man"
499:(ANU) in Canberra, as distinguished visiting fellow in February 2009; the
3184:
For service to law reform and as a Justice of the High Court of Australia
2651:
2361:
UN inquiry chairman's letter to Kim Jong-un on North Korean rights abuses
1533:
747:, which is published by that faculty; a position he has held since 1981.
3195:
2728:
See "Contributions to the JLIS by Hon. Prof Michael Krby AC CMG." <
1072: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
675:
400:, a tribunal which adjudicated labour disputes. Later in 1984, the Hon
3029:
3003:
2449:. the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA). 22 April 2014. Archived from
2336:"UN panel accuses North Korea of human rights abuses resembling Nazis"
2690:"School of Law and Justice Annual Michael Kirby Lecture Series" <
2167:
The Highest Court (1998) – Documentary on the High Court of Australia
1468:
781:
266:
198:
2289:. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 7 February 2014
2964:"High Court judge Michael Kirby talks about religion and sexuality"
2894:(Interview). Interviewed by Monica Attard. Canberra. Archived from
2869:(Interview). Interviewed by Michele Boyle. Canberra. Archived from
686:. Kirby described the awarding of the honour to himself and former
3373:
2609:"North Korean defector changes story after seeing father in video"
1546:
1204:
796:
in 1963, and in 1999 Kirby listed him as his long-term partner in
594:
434:
302:
but never became a member. His mother, it is believed, voted for
2526:"2017 Spring Imperial Decorations: the Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG"
869:, and Margaret, as one of four daughters. Jean was a graduate of
429:. He has served on many other boards and committees, notably the
1785:
Susan Boyd (2003), "Australian judges at work internationally",
3585:
2533:
The Consulate-General of Japan in Sydney's Quarterly Newsletter
2502:
The Consulate-General of Japan in Sydney's Quarterly Newsletter
764:
Kirby is an avid supporter of the arts. He has appeared in the
452:, and sometimes as the sole dissenter. In 2004, he delivered a
418:
From 1984 until 1993, Kirby held the position of Chancellor at
4127:
Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
3396:
3076:"Justice Michael Kirby weds 50 years after that summer of '69"
1041:
772:
at the launch of Victorian Arts Law Week, performing a rap of
697:
In January 2015, one of the key witnesses to Kirby's inquiry,
658:
2583:"North Korea defector admits falsehoods in prison camp story"
1688:. The University of Western Australia Blackstone Law Society.
996:
2008: Inaugural Australian Privacy Medal, awarded by Senator
743:
674:
and Kirby received the additional honour of an audience with
912:
As a Supreme Court and High Court Justice, Kirby is styled "
356:) (1967). At university, Kirby was elected President of the
332:
After graduating from high school, Kirby later attended the
2401:. Korean Central News Agency. 22 April 2014. Archived from
662:] to sponsor dealing with others' human rights issue".
3102:"Extraordinary impacts of a family man's 'ordinary' life"
2351:
The letter is appended to the report; there was no reply.
2190:
Bar Association of India Lecture 1997 – Judicial Activism
1841:"Kirby's last dissent: my fellow judges racially biased"
1011:
Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star
534:, Kirby delivered the Hamlyn Lectures on the subject of
465:, though neither have dissent rates as high as Kirby's.
3391:
Video: Michael Kirby on his career of public engagement
2443:"KCNA Commentary Slams Artifice by Political Swindlers"
2399:"KCNA Commentary Slams Artifice by Political Swindlers"
1822:"Kirby swims against tide as other judges go with flow"
713:, an organisation which played a prominent part in the
4217:
Australian judges on the courts of the Solomon Islands
2495:"Reception in honour of the Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG"
2309:"North Korea says UN report based on 'faked' material"
818:
in Montreal, presiding over the Asia-Pacific Plenary.
639:
to formally refer the situation in North Korea to the
3981:
2842:. Australia: ABC News. 19 August 2006. Archived from
2374:"North Korea crimes evoke Nazi era, UN inquiry finds"
1000:
and Karen Curtis, the Australian Privacy Commissioner
358:
University of Sydney Students' Representative Council
4197:
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class
4102:
Academic staff of the Australian National University
4207:
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
3927:
3731:
3724:
3704:
3628:
3619:
3407:
1769:"Ceremonial Sitting to Farewell Justice Peter Gray"
503:as visiting professorial fellow in March 2009; the
445:Kirby was often at odds with his colleagues in the
229:
217:
209:
178:
173:
157:
147:
125:
113:
101:
89:
77:
59:
23:
3164:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
2975:
2973:
2730:http://www.jlisjournal.org/briefs/kirbypapers.html
2060:news@unsw Michael Kirby joins UNSW | UNSW Newsroom
1915:"Justice Heydon triples his dissent rate for 2011"
398:Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission
289:Michael Donald Kirby was born on 18 March 1939 at
2680:High Court of Australia – Publications – Speeches
1897:"Justice Keane completes the new-look High Court"
1860:"It's unanimous: Kirby still the great dissenter"
1839:Shanahan, Leo; Jackson, Andra (3 February 2009).
892:Michael Kirby's brothers have also been lawyers:
3503:President of the New South Wales Court of Appeal
3449:Chairman of the Australian Law Reform Commission
2193:(Speech). New Delhi Hilton Hotel. Archived from
857:His mother, Jean Langmore Knowles, was born in
579:UN Report into North Korean Human Rights Abuses
515:as an adjunct professor. He has been appointed
457:considered in contention for the title include
329:(then Fort Street Boys High School) in Sydney.
279:inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea
4142:Judges of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
2742:Commonwealth (of Nations) Secretariat (2011).
2472:
2470:
2468:
2160:
2158:
2041:. Australian Associated Press. 9 February 2009
1755:"Biography: Hon. Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG"
916:" for life, according to Australian protocol.
635:, informing him that he would be advising the
4112:Australian people of Northern Ireland descent
3597:
3530:Puisne Justice of the High Court of Australia
3419:Michael Kirby calls for freedom from religion
3344:Honorary Doctorate to former High Court Judge
2840:"Kirby calls for united effort on gay rights"
2519:
2517:
2515:
1933:"News | Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law"
816:International Conference on LGBT Human Rights
425:In February 1996, Kirby was appointed to the
8:
4212:Academic staff of the University of Tasmania
4117:Australian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
3386:Catalogue of Michael Kirby's public speeches
3222:"1991 Human Rights Medal and Awards Winners"
2982:"Archbishops fuel homophobia says gay judge"
2770:"Voiceless, the animal protection institute"
2217:"The Great Dissenter: Justice Michael Kirby"
1639:Biography: Hon. Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG
501:University of New South Wales Faculty of Law
411:, before an appointment as President of the
407:In 1983, Kirby was appointed a judge in the
313:Kirby attended state schools, commencing at
269:and academic who is a former Justice of the
4222:University of Sydney Business School alumni
3399:Michael Kirby: Don't Forget The Justice Bit
3166:, CMG, 31 December 1982, itsanhonour.gov.au
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
4192:People educated at Fort Street High School
3728:
3625:
3604:
3590:
3582:
3433:
3378:
3154:, CMG, 26 January 1991, itsanhonour.gov.au
2692:http://scu.edu.au/law-justice/index.php/57
2548:
2546:
2035:"Kirby takes on new job at ANU law school"
73:6 February 1996 – 2 February 2009
47:
20:
3357:Graduations continue with inspiring talks
1686:"Ten Parables for Freshly-Minted Lawyers"
1132:Learn how and when to remove this message
744:Journal of Law, Information & Science
4137:Judges of the Federal Court of Australia
3051:Bellinda Kontominas (11 February 2019).
709:Michael Kirby was among the founders of
4152:Justices of the High Court of Australia
3988:
3613:Justices of the High Court of Australia
3476:Judge of the Federal Court of Australia
2938:"Thanks for having us Sydney, say gays"
2483:. Consulate-General of Japan in Sydney.
2372:Nebehay, Stephanie (18 February 2014).
1616:Michael Kirby: Paradoxes and Principles
1565:
1210:National Law School of India University
932:Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
711:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
372:Kirby commenced his legal career as an
3974:Justices shown in order of appointment
3404:
2785:"'Judge Jerry' gives artists the word"
1671:Law Society of New South Wales Journal
571:which is featured in the documentary.
265:(born 18 March 1939) is an Australian
61:Justice of the High Court of Australia
4147:Presidents of the NSW Court of Appeal
3331:Kirby urges lawyers to think globally
3055:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2980:Pritchard, Gemma (27 November 2007).
1749:
1747:
648:official news agency of North Korea,
379:Compensation Court of New South Wales
7:
4122:Companions of the Order of Australia
4107:Australian people of English descent
3196:"Hon. Justice Michael Kirby AC, CMG"
3178:, 1 January 2001, itsanhonour.gov.au
2709:Australian Academy of the Humanities
1991:"Bold Enough: Justice Michael Kirby"
1701:"Law firms and justice in Australia"
1652:"Transcript of Michael Kirby's talk"
1650:Punjabi, Ruchir (28 February 2009).
1571:
1569:
1070:adding citations to reliable sources
1026:2022: Michael Kirby Building, a new
736:Australian Academy of the Humanities
4187:Chancellors of Macquarie University
3286:"Launch of exciting new Law School"
3152:Companion of the Order of Australia
2803:"Performances: Top judge beats rap"
1858:Merritt, Chris (16 February 2007).
804:International Commission of Jurists
605:United Nations Human Rights Council
484:Retirement and post-retirement life
476:and consider whom he has dissented
281:, which reported in February 2014.
275:United Nations Human Rights Council
3226:Australian Human Rights Commission
3200:Australian Human Rights Commission
2909:Margo Kingston (5 November 2002).
2884:Michael Kirby (16 November 2003).
2334:Walker, Peter (18 February 2014).
2225:. 25 November 2007. Archived from
2104:Michael Kirby (20 November 2003).
2071:Michael Kirby (19 November 2003).
1957:Michael Kirby (26 February 2005).
986:Australian Human Rights Commission
766:University of Queensland Law Revue
761:, an animal protection institute.
14:
3126:Michael Kirby (2 February 2009).
1895:Byrne, Elizabeth (5 March 2013).
1513:University of Southern Queensland
957:Order of St Michael and St George
734:in London. In the same year, the
688:United Nations special rapporteur
360:(1962–1963) and President of the
4177:Australian LGBT rights activists
4039:
4027:
4015:
4003:
3991:
3413:
3100:A. J. Brown (18 November 2011).
3074:Pitt, Helen (11 February 2019).
2936:Andrew West (10 November 2002).
2824:"The Pettifogger Issue 3 2017".
2644:Recollections of Sir Harry Gibbs
2581:Mundy, Simon (19 January 2015).
2187:Michael Kirby (6 January 1997).
1618:. Leichhardt: Federation Press.
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1370:University of Technology, Sydney
1363:
1350:
1337:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1242:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1046:
963:
959:(CMG), for "Services to the law"
950:
937:
926:
908:Recognition, honours, and awards
898:Supreme Court of New South Wales
854:and her mother's name was Mary.
822:Catholic archbishops of Sydney,
738:elected him an Honorary Fellow.
431:Australian Law Reform Commission
4072:20th-century Australian lawyers
3393:March 2009 at Sydney University
1057:needs additional citations for
413:New South Wales Court of Appeal
4132:Fellows of the Hastings Center
4077:21st-century Australian judges
4067:20th-century Australian judges
3423:Matter of Fact With Stan Grant
3333:. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
2865:Michael Kirby (4 March 2004).
2783:Nguyen, Kenneth (8 May 2007).
2416:Taylor, Adam (22 April 2014).
1820:Dick, Tim (16 February 2007).
1771:. 14 June 2013. Archived from
1552:National Law University Odisha
1474:Queen's University at Kingston
1279:Australian National University
497:Australian National University
16:Australian jurist and academic
1:
2641:Michael Kirby (27 May 2006).
2553:Hurst, Daniel (21 May 2017).
2024:. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
1448:Central Queensland University
1305:University of New South Wales
1249:University of South Australia
904:in Sydney, retiring in 2011.
291:Crown Street Women's Hospital
3320:. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
3249:. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
2962:Leach, Anna (15 June 2012).
2809:. 8 May 2007. Archived from
2615:. Reuters. 19 January 2015.
2524:Kirby, Michael (July 2017).
2022:High Court gets fourth woman
1810:. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
902:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
641:International Criminal Court
625:International Criminal Court
611:into human rights abuses in
538:. Rejecting the doctrine of
1921:. TimeBase. 12 August 2011.
1654:. The University of Sydney.
920:Australian national honours
591:Human rights in North Korea
317:Public School, followed by
4238:
3028:. samesame. Archived from
3002:. samesame. Archived from
1757:. High Court of Australia.
1577:"Hon Michael Kirby AC CMG"
1081:"Michael Kirby" judge
992:Australian Living Treasure
607:appointed Kirby to lead a
588:
582:
409:Federal Court of Australia
384:Kirby was admitted to the
362:University of Sydney Union
296:Australian Communist Party
294:National Treasurer of the
4092:Australian legal scholars
3972:
3570:
3557:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3527:
3519:
3509:
3500:
3492:
3482:
3473:
3465:
3455:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3412:
3106:The Sydney Morning Herald
3080:The Sydney Morning Herald
2942:The Sydney Morning Herald
2807:The Sydney Morning Herald
2560:The Sydney Morning Herald
2378:The Sydney Morning Herald
2313:The Sydney Morning Herald
2265:The Sydney Morning Herald
2039:The Sydney Morning Herald
2010:Constitution of Australia
1826:The Sydney Morning Herald
1806:18 September 2006 at the
1791:, vol. 77, p. 303 at 305.
1292:Southern Cross University
726:Kirby is a fellow of the
530:In November 2003, at the
247:
169:
136:
66:
55:
46:
4202:Sydney Law School alumni
3346:. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
1667:"Lessons as a Solicitor"
1500:University of Wollongong
1236:University of Buckingham
1154:Charles Sturt University
1005:Gruber Prize for Justice
975:Other honours and awards
871:Sydney Girls High School
715:1999 republic referendum
684:Imperial Palace in Tokyo
285:Early life and education
1801:High Court Bibliography
1731:High Court of Australia
1705:High Court of Australia
1665:Kirby, Michael (1999).
1357:University of Melbourne
1167:University of Newcastle
879:Sydney Technical School
861:to William Knowles, an
833:High Court of Australia
752:Commonwealth of Nations
668:Order of the Rising Sun
427:High Court of Australia
327:Fort Street High School
271:High Court of Australia
4097:Australian monarchists
1788:Australian Law Journal
1727:"Memories of Hicksons"
1539:University of Tasmania
1526:University of Adelaide
831:one" status among his
799:Who's Who in Australia
692:crime against humanity
600:
549:
542:, Kirby declared that:
540:strict constructionism
505:University of Tasmania
300:Australian Labor Party
4087:Australian barristers
2508:(2): 3. October 2017.
1965:James Cook University
1878:"Kirby set to retire"
1396:University of Colombo
1266:James Cook University
990:1997: National Trust
784:", retitled 'Kirby'.
609:commission of inquiry
598:
589:Further information:
567:Kruger v Commonwealth
544:
346:Bachelor of Economics
4082:Australian Anglicans
3564:Macquarie University
3342:Monash News (2015).
3316:21 July 2008 at the
3290:Macquarie University
2661:on 18 September 2006
2250:Retrieved 8 May 2013
2197:on 18 September 2006
2118:on 18 September 2006
2112:University of Exeter
2085:on 18 September 2006
2079:University of Exeter
1971:on 18 September 2006
1937:gtcentre.unsw.edu.au
1614:Brown, A.J. (2011).
1223:University of Ulster
1197:University of Sydney
1180:Macquarie University
1066:improve this article
1032:Macquarie University
532:University of Exeter
522:by 12 universities.
420:Macquarie University
392:Judicial appointment
336:, where he earned a
334:University of Sydney
254:Michael Donald Kirby
224:University of Sydney
183:Michael Donald Kirby
131:Macquarie University
4157:Lawyers from Sydney
3006:on 29 November 2014
2917:on 18 December 2007
2744:"Who's in the EPG?"
2422:The Washington Post
2229:on 28 November 2007
2138:"The Highest Court"
1422:Victoria University
1409:La Trobe University
1318:Griffith University
896:was a judge of the
513:Victoria University
386:New South Wales Bar
354:First-Class Honours
323:Opportunity Classes
4172:Australian gay men
3292:. 15 November 2017
3264:Landcare Australia
3228:. 24 November 1991
3202:. 24 November 1991
2898:on 20 August 2006.
2873:on 20 August 2006.
2315:. 18 February 2014
1999:. 2 December 2007.
1884:. 1 February 2009.
1383:Indiana University
1331:Murdoch University
984:, bestowed by the
982:Human Rights Medal
944:Order of Australia
877:. Donald attended
778:Christina Aguilera
601:
520:visiting professor
511:in July 2009; and
507:Faculty of Law as
454:dissenting opinion
321:Public School for
3979:
3978:
3968:
3967:
3720:
3719:
3580:
3579:
3571:Succeeded by
3547:Academic offices
3537:Succeeded by
3523:Sir William Deane
3510:Succeeded by
3483:Succeeded by
3456:Succeeded by
3432:
3431:
3266:. 22 October 2021
2846:on 23 August 2006
1554:(D.Univ.) in 2019
1528:(D.Univ.) in 2017
1489:(D.Litt.) in 2016
1487:Curtin University
1461:Monash University
1450:(D.Univ.) in 2011
1435:Deakin University
1411:(D.Univ.) in 2011
1320:(D.Univ.) in 2008
1294:(D.Univ.) in 2007
1268:(D.Litt.) in 2003
1225:(D.Litt.) in 1998
1156:(D.Univ.) in 2024
1142:
1141:
1134:
1116:
1017:at the same time)
955:Companion of the
942:Companion of the
859:Berwick, Victoria
603:In May 2013, the
562:The Highest Court
536:judicial activism
509:adjunct professor
315:North Strathfield
251:
250:
108:Sir William Deane
4229:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3987:
3729:
3626:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3552:Preceded by
3520:Preceded by
3493:Preceded by
3466:Preceded by
3434:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3374:Official website
3359:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3327:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2966:. Gay Star News.
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2913:. Archived from
2906:
2900:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2813:on 4 March 2016.
2799:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2746:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2654:. Archived from
2649:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2405:on 29 July 2014.
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2114:. Archived from
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2081:. Archived from
2068:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1967:. Archived from
1960:Judicial Dissent
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1798:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1775:on 9 April 2017.
1765:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1725:Kirby, Michael.
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1699:Kirby, Michael.
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:Kirby, Michael.
1681:
1675:
1674:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1611:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1573:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1247:
1246:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1074:
1050:
1042:
1038:Honorary degrees
1015:Marzuki Darusman
967:
954:
941:
930:
680:Emperor of Japan
621:Marzuki Darusman
342:Bachelor of Laws
338:Bachelor of Arts
264:
213:Johan van Vloten
196:
192:
190:
174:Personal details
160:
150:
141:
116:
104:
92:
80:
71:
51:
41:
21:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3964:
3923:
3716:
3700:
3615:
3610:
3576:
3567:
3555:
3554:Percy Partridge
3542:
3533:
3525:
3515:
3506:
3498:
3488:
3479:
3471:
3469:Robert Ellicott
3461:
3452:
3414:
3408:External videos
3372:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3328:
3324:
3318:Wayback Machine
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3260:"Media Release"
3258:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3176:Centenary Medal
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3133:. Michael Kirby
3130:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3032:on 2 April 2011
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2911:"Kirby Courage"
2908:
2907:
2903:
2886:"Michael Kirby"
2883:
2882:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2826:The Pettifogger
2823:
2822:
2818:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2587:Financial Times
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2453:on 29 July 2014
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2355:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1808:Wayback Machine
1799:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1544:
1541:(LL.D.) in 2017
1531:
1518:
1515:(LL.D.) in 2017
1505:
1502:(LL.D.) in 2016
1492:
1479:
1466:
1463:(LL.D.) in 2015
1453:
1440:
1437:(LL.D.) in 2011
1427:
1424:(LL.D.) in 2011
1414:
1401:
1398:(LL.D.) in 2010
1388:
1385:(LL.D.) in 2009
1375:
1372:(LL.D.) in 2009
1362:
1359:(LL.D.) in 2009
1349:
1346:(LL.D.) in 2009
1344:Bond University
1336:
1333:(LL.D.) in 2009
1323:
1310:
1307:(LL.D.) in 2008
1297:
1284:
1281:(LL.D.) in 2004
1271:
1258:
1241:
1238:(LL.D.) in 2000
1228:
1215:
1212:(LL.D.) in 1997
1202:
1199:(LL.D.) in 1996
1189:
1172:
1169:(DLitt) in 1987
1159:
1146:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1075:
1073:
1063:
1051:
1040:
977:
969:Centenary Medal
922:
910:
847:
790:
770:Elf Tranzporter
728:Hastings Center
707:
593:
587:
581:
528:
486:
443:
433:(ALRC) and the
394:
370:
287:
256:
203:New South Wales
197:
194:
188:
186:
185:
184:
158:
153:Percy Partridge
148:
142:
137:
114:
102:
90:
78:
72:
67:
42:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4235:
4233:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4162:LGBT Anglicans
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3621:Chief Justices
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3513:Dennis Mahoney
3511:
3508:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3437:Legal offices
3430:
3429:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3397:DVD Biography
3394:
3388:
3383:
3367:
3366:External links
3364:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3303:
3277:
3251:
3239:
3213:
3187:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3118:
3092:
3066:
3043:
3017:
2991:
2969:
2954:
2928:
2901:
2891:Sunday Profile
2876:
2857:
2831:
2816:
2794:
2775:
2761:
2750:on 22 May 2013
2734:
2721:
2696:
2683:
2672:
2633:
2600:
2573:
2542:
2511:
2486:
2464:
2434:
2408:
2390:
2364:
2353:
2326:
2300:
2278:
2252:
2240:
2222:Sunday Profile
2208:
2179:
2154:
2142:Film Art Media
2129:
2096:
2063:
2052:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1996:Sunday Profile
1982:
1949:
1924:
1919:Legal Research
1906:
1887:
1869:
1864:The Australian
1850:
1831:
1812:
1793:
1778:
1760:
1743:
1717:
1691:
1676:
1657:
1642:
1631:
1625:978-1862876507
1624:
1593:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1542:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1476:(LLD) in 2015.
1464:
1451:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1170:
1157:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1054:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1018:
1007:
1001:
994:
988:
976:
973:
972:
971:
960:
947:
934:
921:
918:
914:The Honourable
909:
906:
846:
843:
789:
786:
706:
703:
699:Shin Dong Hyuk
637:United Nations
583:Main article:
580:
577:
527:
524:
485:
482:
442:
439:
393:
390:
374:articled clerk
369:
366:
350:Master of Laws
304:Robert Menzies
286:
283:
249:
248:
245:
244:
231:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
182:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
134:
133:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
64:
63:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
32:
29:
26:The Honourable
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4234:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:Living people
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3985:
3971:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3540:Virginia Bell
3532:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3496:Athol Moffitt
3491:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3459:Murray Wilcox
3451:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3054:
3047:
3044:
3031:
3027:
3026:"Samesame 25"
3021:
3018:
3005:
3001:
3000:"Samesame 25"
2995:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2929:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2012:, section 72.
2011:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1125:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083: –
1082:
1078:
1077:Find sources:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:This section
1053:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:UN Day Honour
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:John Faulkner
995:
993:
989:
987:
983:
979:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
958:
953:
948:
945:
940:
935:
933:
929:
924:
923:
919:
917:
915:
907:
905:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
844:
842:
839:
836:
834:
829:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
788:Personal life
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
745:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
721:
718:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
661:
660:
655:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
622:
618:
617:Sonja Biserko
614:
610:
606:
597:
592:
586:
578:
576:
572:
570:
568:
563:
557:
555:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
526:Jurisprudence
525:
523:
521:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
490:Virginia Bell
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
464:
463:Patrick Keane
460:
455:
451:
448:
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
416:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
382:
380:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
308:Liberal Party
305:
301:
297:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:(age 85)
193:18 March 1939
181:
177:
172:
168:
165:
162:
156:
152:
146:
140:
135:
132:
128:
124:
121:
120:Virginia Bell
118:
112:
109:
106:
100:
97:
94:
88:
85:
82:
76:
70:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
36:
30:Michael Kirby
27:
22:
19:
3883:
3558:
3528:
3501:
3474:
3447:
3442:
3398:
3351:
3338:
3329:AAP (2008).
3325:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3199:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3105:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3079:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3030:the original
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
3004:the original
2994:
2985:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2915:the original
2904:
2896:the original
2889:
2879:
2871:the original
2867:"Leadership"
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2844:the original
2834:
2825:
2819:
2811:the original
2806:
2797:
2788:
2778:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:the original
2737:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2686:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2656:the original
2643:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2613:The Guardian
2612:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2586:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2558:
2536:
2532:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:
2411:
2403:the original
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:
2367:
2356:
2343:. Retrieved
2340:The Guardian
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2267:. 9 May 2013
2264:
2255:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2221:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:the original
2189:
2182:
2171:, retrieved
2166:
2145:. Retrieved
2141:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2106:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2073:
2066:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1959:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1825:
1815:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1773:the original
1763:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1679:
1670:
1660:
1645:
1634:
1615:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1128:
1119:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1076:
1064:Please help
1059:verification
1056:
1030:building at
911:
891:
887:South Coogee
856:
852:Great Famine
848:
840:
837:
824:Peter Jensen
820:
812:Gay Games VI
797:
791:
765:
763:
756:
749:
742:
740:
732:Inner Temple
725:
722:
719:
708:
696:
664:
657:
630:
602:
573:
565:
561:
558:
550:
545:
529:
494:
487:
477:
473:
471:
467:
459:Dyson Heydon
444:
441:Dissent rate
424:
417:
406:
395:
383:
371:
348:(1965), and
331:
312:
288:
253:
252:
159:Succeeded by
138:
115:Succeeded by
91:Appointed by
84:Paul Keating
79:Nominated by
68:
18:
4167:LGBT judges
4062:1939 births
4046:North Korea
3960:Beech-Jones
3486:Bill Pincus
3355:USQ (2017)
3296:15 November
3137:12 February
3111:12 February
3085:12 February
3059:11 February
3010:22 November
2947:17 February
2921:17 February
2566:12 February
2383:18 February
2345:18 February
2319:20 February
2293:20 February
863:Ulster Scot
828:George Pell
794:Netherlands
774:W. B. Yeats
705:Public life
633:Kim Jong-un
613:North Korea
554:natural law
325:, and then
319:Summer Hill
277:to lead an
242:UN Official
205:, Australia
149:Preceded by
103:Preceded by
96:Bill Hayden
4056:Categories
3950:J. Gleeson
3759:Piddington
3686:M. Gleeson
3574:Tim Besley
3568:1984–1993
3560:Chancellor
3534:1996–2009
3507:1984–1996
3480:1983–1984
3453:1975–1984
2850:14 October
2754:28 October
2665:14 October
2650:(Speech).
2447:kcna.co.jp
2233:2 December
2201:14 October
2122:14 October
2110:(Speech).
2089:14 October
2077:(Speech).
2045:9 February
1975:14 October
1963:(Speech).
1882:Herald Sun
1560:References
1122:April 2024
1092:newspapers
1028:Law School
875:Kensington
672:ShinzĹŤ Abe
450:High Court
402:Peter Gray
234:Arbitrator
230:Occupation
219:Alma mater
189:1939-03-18
164:Tim Besley
127:Chancellor
4010:Australia
3998:Biography
3779:McTiernan
3443:New title
3181:Citation:
2986:Pink News
2714:6 October
2705:"Fellows"
2621:0261-3077
2593:15 August
2457:17 August
1586:9 October
1255:) in 2001
1186:) in 1994
867:Ballymena
759:Voiceless
682:, at the
645:Pyongyang
388:in 1967.
143:1984–1993
139:In office
69:In office
3894:Callinan
3814:Windeyer
3794:Fullagar
3784:Williams
3744:O'Connor
3725:Justices
3636:Griffith
3427:ABC News
3314:Archived
3036:31 March
2652:Canberra
2626:12 April
2589:. London
2427:23 April
2173:23 April
2147:23 April
1942:12 April
1901:The Drum
1804:Archived
808:Anglican
517:honorary
364:(1965).
344:(1962),
340:(1959),
238:Mediator
3984:Portals
3945:Steward
3940:Edelman
3928:Current
3904:Crennan
3869:Gaudron
3829:Stephen
3809:Menzies
3749:Higgins
3712:Gageler
3705:Current
3681:Brennan
3666:Barwick
3270:3 April
3232:3 April
3206:3 April
2789:The Age
2539:(1): 2.
1845:The Age
1253:D.Univ.
1106:scholar
676:Akihito
615:, with
447:Gleeson
3935:Gordon
3919:Nettle
3899:Heydon
3879:Gummow
3874:McHugh
3864:Toohey
3859:Dawson
3849:Wilson
3844:Aickin
3839:Murphy
3834:Jacobs
3804:Taylor
3769:Starke
3754:Powers
3739:Barton
3732:Former
3696:Kiefel
3691:French
3656:Latham
3646:Isaacs
3629:Former
2619:
1903:. ABC.
1622:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1020:2018:
1009:2017:
1003:2010:
980:1991:
962:2001:
949:1982:
936:1991:
925:1977:
883:Ultimo
845:Family
782:Dirrty
678:, the
368:Career
267:jurist
210:Spouse
199:Sydney
4034:LGBTQ
3955:Jagot
3914:Keane
3889:Hayne
3884:Kirby
3854:Deane
3824:Walsh
3799:Kitto
3774:Evatt
3676:Mason
3671:Gibbs
3661:Dixon
3651:Duffy
3131:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2648:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2498:(PDF)
2481:(PDF)
2271:9 May
1736:5 May
1710:5 May
1184:LL.D.
1113:JSTOR
1099:books
894:David
865:from
474:about
435:CSIRO
260:
37:
3909:Bell
3819:Owen
3789:Webb
3764:Rich
3641:Knox
3298:2017
3272:2024
3234:2024
3208:2024
3139:2013
3113:2013
3087:2019
3061:2019
3038:2011
3012:2014
2949:2009
2923:2009
2852:2006
2756:2011
2732:>
2716:2020
2694:>
2667:2006
2628:2019
2617:ISSN
2595:2023
2568:2017
2459:2015
2429:2014
2385:2014
2347:2014
2321:2014
2295:2014
2273:2013
2235:2007
2203:2006
2175:2021
2149:2021
2124:2006
2091:2006
2047:2009
1977:2006
1944:2019
1738:2019
1712:2019
1620:ISBN
1588:2020
1581:ALRC
1085:news
826:and
780:'s "
666:the
654:DPRK
650:KCNA
619:and
478:from
461:and
179:Born
4022:Law
3562:of
1068:by
881:in
659:sic
310:).
262:CMG
129:of
39:CMG
4058::
3425:,
3421:,
3288:.
3262:.
3224:.
3198:.
3104:.
3078:.
2984:.
2972:^
2940:.
2888:.
2805:.
2787:.
2707:.
2611:.
2585:.
2557:.
2545:^
2537:52
2535:.
2531:.
2514:^
2506:52
2504:.
2500:.
2467:^
2445:.
2420:.
2376:.
2338:.
2311:.
2263:.
2219:.
2157:^
2140:.
2037:.
1993:.
1935:.
1917:.
1899:.
1880:.
1862:.
1843:.
1824:.
1746:^
1729:.
1703:.
1669:.
1596:^
1579:.
1568:^
889:.
754:.
717:.
492:.
422:.
258:AC
240:,
236:,
201:,
191:)
35:AC
3986::
3605:e
3598:t
3591:v
3300:.
3274:.
3236:.
3210:.
3141:.
3115:.
3089:.
3063:.
3040:.
3014:.
2988:.
2951:.
2925:.
2854:.
2791:.
2772:.
2758:.
2718:.
2669:.
2630:.
2597:.
2570:.
2461:.
2431:.
2387:.
2349:.
2323:.
2297:.
2275:.
2237:.
2205:.
2151:.
2126:.
2093:.
2049:.
1979:.
1946:.
1866:.
1847:.
1828:.
1740:.
1714:.
1673:.
1628:.
1590:.
1251:(
1182:(
1135:)
1129:(
1124:)
1120:(
1110:·
1103:·
1096:·
1089:·
1062:.
569:,
352:(
306:(
187:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
