622:
514:) and concluded an aggressive alliance against Serbia. The Byzantine emperor promised to Bulgaria territory with several towns and large amount of money if he would become a sole emperor. Based on that alliance, Andronikos III gained control of Macedonia but his success made Michael Shishman, who aimed at a prolonged conflict within the Byzantine Empire, enter into negotiations with Andronikos II, offering military support in exchange for money and the cession of some border lands. The Bulgarian ruler sent a detachment of 3,000 cavalry, commanded by
339:. He soon became a leading noble in the internal affairs of the country and, on the childless death of young George Terter II in 1323, Michael Shishman was elected emperor of Bulgaria by the nobility. According to some historians he was chosen because he was a descendant of the Asen dynasty and interpret his accession to the throne not as the beginning of a new dynasty but rather as a continuation of the House of Asen. His half-brother,
518:, from Yambol to guard the Imperial Palace in Constantinople and Andronikos II but his intentions were to capture the old emperor and the city. Forewarned by his grandson, Andronikos II prudently kept the Bulgarians away from the capital and his person. When Michael Shishman understood that his plans were revealed he sent Ivan a letter with a single feather to retreat which meant that the orders had to be promptly executed.
357:
42:
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592:. According to the Serbian chroniclers, he arrogantly demanded the submission of the Serbian king and threatened to "set up his throne in the middle of the Serbian land". In 1330, expecting to join the army of Andronikos III advancing from the south, Michael Shishman marched on Serbia with a large force of 15,000 troops, including reinforcements from his vassals and allies from
554:
534:
which they had taken during the initial stages of the campaign. In the beginning of the next year the
Bulgarian emperor requested a personal meeting with his Byzantine counterpart to negotiate a definitive treaty and joint military operations against the growing power of Serbia. In the locality known
637:
the emperor was mortally wounded in the battle and soon died while another
Byzantine historian suggests that Michael Shishman lived for three more days not able to gain consciousness and died on the fourth day. The Serbian chronicles state that his horse fell during the battle and crashed his body.
612:
arrived, and the Serbs broke their word and attacked the
Bulgarians. Despite the unexpected assault, Michael Shishman tried to bring his army to order but it was too late and the Serbs were victorious. The outcome of the battle shaped the balance of power in the Balkans for the next decades to come
465:
The
Byzantine emperor was said to have been infuriated with the answer and the fact that he was outsmarted. However, Michael III who was informed of the conflict between Andronikos III and Andronikos II hinted him that he could help Andronikos III against his grandfather in case of war and returned
657:
foreign policy perhaps contributed to the battle that put an end to his life. At the same time he was clearly forceful and energetic, overcoming and reversing
Bulgaria's losses during the uncertainty that preceded his accession, and managing to maintain internal peace and security within Bulgaria
439:
Although
Michael Shishman forced Andronikos III to retreat, the Byzantines managed to take the Philippopolis while the Bulgarians were changing garrisons. Despite the loss, Michael Shishman was able to expel Voysil and fully recover Bulgarian control over northern and northeastern Thrace in 1324
600:. At first he headed to Vidin, where historians believe he wanted to join forces with the soldiers of his brother Belaur, and then marched to the south. Due to poor coordination with the Byzantines, the Bulgarian army met the Serbs, whose army numbered 15,000 men as well, alone near Velbazhd (
604:). On a personal meeting, the two rulers agreed to a one-day truce as both were expecting reinforcements. Backed on the agreement, Michael Shishman allowed his army to disperse in search for provisions. However, in the morning of 28 July, the main Serbian reinforcements, 1,000 heavily armed
436:, the siege was a failure despite the Byzantines use of a 100-soldier, five-story siege tower. While the Byzantine army was engaged at Philipopolis, Michael Shishman led his troops to north-eastern Thrace and quickly retook the lost cities thus forcing the Byzantines to pull back.
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which makes him the last medieval
Bulgarian ruler who effectively attempted to capture the Byzantine capital. He was also the first Bulgarian ruler for decades who tried to lead a more active policy in Macedonia. Michael Shishman's seal is depicted on the
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to negotiate with the
Bulgarian emperor in Tarnovo but his mission was inconclusive. The two countries were again on the opposite sides in the Byzantine civil war when the Bulgarians allied with Andronikos III while the Serbs supported his grandfather.
474:
On a council held in
Constantinople on the relations with Bulgaria it was decided that the two countries should begin negotiations despite the calls for punishing the Bulgarians for the invasion. Michael Shishman divorced his wife Anna Neda and married
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60 days later ended without battle and with the renewal of the peace treaty in
October 1328, after which Michael Shishman returned to his country, but not before securing a large payoff. In return, the Bulgarians gave back the fortress of
580:, was in no position to oppose Michael Shishman. The Bulgarian emperor even acknowledged his rival as King of Serbia but his help to Vladislav was insufficient. In the spring of 1324 Dečanski sent the future Serbian archbishop
487:. The marriage cemented the peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire but the need for an ally against the Serbs made Michael Shishman prone to make concessions. It was decided that the border should follow the Philippopolis-
460:
Stupid would be the blacksmith who instead of taking the hot iron with pincers takes it with his hands. He himself would be ridiculed by the Bulgarians if he risks not his large and strong army but his own
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658:
during his short reign. Andreev calls him the most remarkable 14th-century Bulgarian monarch. According to Kantacouzenos he desired to expand the country from Byzantium to the Istros, i. e. from
568:
The divorce with Anna Neda in 1324 worsened the relations between Bulgaria and Serbia which had been cordial since the beginning of the 14th century. Anna Neda had to leave the capital
3011:"Хрисовул на Андроник ІІ за Зографския манастир, потвърждаващ дарение от Михаил Шишман (Chrysobull of Andronikos II to the Zograf Monastery, confirming a donation of Michael Shishman)"
621:
521:
Following the victory of Andronikos III over his grandfather, Michael Shishman attempted to gain some lands by force. He invaded Thrace in June 1328 and pillaged the vicinities of
428:. At this point the newly elected Michael Shishman marched south against Andronikos III, while another Byzantine army led by Andronikos III himself was besieging Philippopolis (
2965:"Руски "бродници", политически политически бегълци и военачалници през XII-XIV век (Russian "Vagrands", Political Refugees and Commanders during the 12th–14th Centuries)"
483:. The exact reasons for that act are unclear. Many historians suggest that the deterioration of the Bulgarian-Serbian relations was rooted in the Serbian penetration in
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3607:
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which had been taken by the Byzantines in the previous year during the interregnum. Again in 1324, the Bulgarian emperor invaded Byzantium advancing as far as
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When his body was taken to Dečanski, he mourned him but pointed out that he preferred war to peace. The early 15th-century Bulgarian scholar and cleric
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491:-Sozopol line. The agreement was finally signed in the autumn of 1324 and Michael Shishman spent the next several years at peace with his neighbors.
364:
The sudden death of George Terter II had been followed by a brief period of confusion and uncertainty, which was exploited by the Byzantine emperor
588:
After the agreement with Andronikos III in 1329, Michael Shishman started preparations to attack while the Serbs were pillaging the areas around
221:
from 1323 to 1330. The exact year of his birth is unknown but it was between 1280 and 1292. He was the founder of the last ruling dynasty of the
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1895:
1309:
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335:. With the death of the Serbian king Stefan Milutin, Michael Shishman was able to follow a more active policy in the Bulgarian capital
327:(died 1276), Shishman (died between 1308 and 1313), and then Michael Shishman. Shishman and his son received the high courtly title of
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An energetic and ambitious ruler, Michael Shishman led an aggressive but opportunistic and inconsistent foreign policy against the
3015:Сборник документов по социально-экономической истории Византии (Collection of Documents of Social-Economical History of Byzantium)
3112:
448:
river. Andronikos III was unable to engage the Bulgarian army because his troops were outnumbered. He offered Michael Shishman a
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that claimed his own life. He was the last medieval Bulgarian ruler who aimed at military and political hegemony of the
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says that Michael Shishman was captured and killed by the son of the Serbian king, Stephen Dušan. He was buried in the
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The circumstances around the death of Michael Shishman are unclear. According to the Byzantine emperor and historian
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Editorial footnote to "Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 230
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Božilov 1985: 144-148; Popov 2020: 124-129 identifies Michael as the eldest son, who predeceased his father.
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from their cousin Theodore Svetoslav and the latter was referred to in a contemporary Venetian source as a
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2835:Гръцки извори за българската история (ГИБИ), том X (Greek Sources for Bulgarian History (GIBI), volume X)
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1324 — Successful war with the Byzantine Empire; divorces his first wife to marry Theodora Palaiologina
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2814:
The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
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229:. After he was crowned, however, Michael used the name Asen to emphasize his connection with the
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Nikolov-Zikov 2021: 171-181 proposes that the despot Michael was a son of Theodora Palaiologina.
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2583:"Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 265
2371:"Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 228
2332:"Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 227
2323:"Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 224
2158: The common usage Michael Shishman is technically inaccurate, as it consists of the name
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2969:Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (Rebels and Adventurers in Medieval Bulgaria)
2170:. Contemporary Bulgarian and Byzantine sources show that the emperor reigned under the name
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had been autonomous under ineffective Bulgarian overlordship, and was ruled successively by
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and although Bulgaria did not lose territory, the Serbs could occupy much of Macedonia.
498:, taking the side of his brother-in-law Andronikos III, while his grandfather and rival
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between Sozopol and Anchialus the two signed "lasting peace and eternal alliance".
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Michael Shishman is considered a vain, aggressive, and opportunistic ruler, whose
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but retreated before the advance of Andronikos III. Another showdown in front of
3397:
2832:Колектив (Collective) (1980). "XIX. Йоан Кантакузин (XIX. John Kantakouzenos)".
2141:
28 July 1330 — Battle of Velbazhd; Michael Shishman is mortally wounded and dies
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1604:
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2129:
1323 — Elected Emperor of Bulgaria by the nobility, uses the name Michael Asen
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707:, attested as titular emperor of Bulgaria in Italy. By his second marriage to
601:
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obtained the support of the Serbian king. Andronikos III and Michael Shishman
452:
to solve the conflict. The Bulgarian emperor answered with the words cited by
385:
104:
2944:
Mladjov, Ian, "Monarchs' Names and Numbering in the Second Bulgarian State,"
715:
of Byzantium, Michael Shishman had several children whose names are unknown.
268:, who reversed Michael Shishman's policy by forming an alliance with Serbia.
3160:
2746:Андреев (Andreev), Йордан (Jordan); Лалков (Lalkov), Милчо (Milcho) (1996).
593:
531:
300:. He was also a distant cousin of his predecessors on the Bulgarian throne,
2991:
Studii vǎrhu bǎlgarskoto srednovekovno monetosečene s izvodi za istorijata
2138:
1329 — Definitive peace treaty with the Byzantines; anti-Serbian agreement
576:, the king of Serbia. Dečanski, who was engaged in war against his cousin
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In 1327 Michael Shishman became involved in the renewed civil war in the
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Mladjov, Ian, "The Bulgarian Prince and would-be Emperor Lodovico,"
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1327 — Involvement into the Byzantine civil war; Treaty of Chernomen
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Mladjov, Ian, "The Children of Ivan Asen II and Eirēnē Komnēnē,"
276:
Born between 1280 and 1292, Michael Shishman was the son of the
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of Serbia. By this marriage he had several children, including
2214: The numbers designate which wife each child was born to.
2174:: Mladjov 2015: 276-277. He is also known among historians as
2052:
2838:(in Bulgarian and Greek). София (Sofia): Издателство на БАН (
466:
to Bulgaria promising that soon he would begin negotiations.
3032:"Монограми на Михаил Шишман (Monograms of Michael Shishman)"
3017:. Bulgarian and translation from Russian. Академия Наук СССР
312:
in 1292, Michael Shishman was engaged to Milutin's daughter
2120:
1291 — Michael Shishman is engaged to Anna Neda of Serbia
695:, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria (r. 1330–1331),
308:(r. 1321–1322). After the peace between his father and
470:
Peace agreement and involvement in Byzantine civil war
400:. At the same time, a Byzantine-sponsored pretender,
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and captured a number of important cities including
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319:Since the middle of the 13th century, the area of
2261:rather than Anna/Theodora: Mladjov 2012: 485-490.
572:with her sons and sought refuge from her brother
3598:Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
2196:, situated at 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of the
233:, the first one to rule over the Second Empire.
2790:History of Medieval Bulgaria 7th–14th Centuries
458:
1399:Alexander Komnenus Asen, Xenia Ivanina Komnena
3113:
2894:Kazhdan, A.; collective (1991). "Volume II".
2786:История на средновековна България VII-XIV век
360:Bulgaria during the rule of Michael Shishman.
8:
2653:(2005 issue). – Retrieved on 26 March 2009.
2087:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
699:, who was titled despot, perhaps in Vidin,
432:). Defended by a Bulgarian garrison led by
3120:
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3098:
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2192: Traianopolis was a town near modern
717:
404:, brother of the former Bulgarian emperor
40:
31:
2963:Павлов (Pavlov), Пламен (Plamen) (2005).
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2107:Learn how and when to remove this message
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256:and the last one who attempted to seize
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3608:Despots of the Second Bulgarian Empire
3048:"Владетели на Видин (Rulers of Vidin)"
2754:] (in Bulgarian). Велико Търново (
2310:
2308:
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2253:Božilov 1985: 119, identifying her as
2235:Kazhdan, "Michael III Šišman", p. 1365
683:Michael Shishman was married first to
412:, controlling the valleys between the
368:. The Byzantines overran northeastern
116:Church of St. George, Staro Nagoričane
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408:(r. 1292-1298), ensconced himself in
7:
2817:. The University of Michigan Press.
2715:Božilov 1985: 148-149; Mladjov 2011.
2085:adding citations to reliable sources
721:Family tree of the Shishman Dynasty
608:under the command of the King's son
444:and Vira in the lower course of the
343:, succeeded him as despot of Vidin.
333:Despot of Bulgaria and Lord of Vidin
3593:Military personnel killed in action
675:banknote, issued in 1999 and 2005.
479:, the 35-year-old widow of emperor
347:Relations with the Byzantine Empire
3030:Иванов, Борислав (10 March 2003).
2896:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2774:Familijata na Asenevci (1186–1460)
2645:. Notes and Coins in Circulation:
629:where Michael Shishman was buried.
316:and they married in 1298 or 1299.
27:Tsar of Bulgaria from 1323 to 1330
25:
3004:Detailed List of Bulgarian Rulers
2782:Гюзелев (Gyuzelev), Васил (Vasil)
2780:Вожилов (Bozhilov), Иван (Ivan);
2126:By 1308 — Becomes Despot of Vidin
2123:1298 or 1299 — Marries Anna Neda
2057:
244:, which ended in the disastrous
3050:(in Bulgarian). Archived from
2675:(in Bulgarian). Archived from
283:by an unnamed daughter of the
260:. He was succeeded by his son
1:
2840:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
2792:] (in Bulgarian). София (
2752:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars
2512:Божилов, Гюзелев, pp. 567–568
1574:married to Irina Palaiologina
3588:14th-century Bulgarian tsars
606:Catalan horsemen mercenaries
2162:followed by the patronymic
1107:married to Maria of Taranto
952:married to despot Sratsimir
3634:
1285:married to 1. Unknown
546:
366:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3086:
3077:
3069:
2748:Българските ханове и царе
2180:Michael III Shishman Asen
1980:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1899:possible illegitimate son
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1627:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
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1288:2. Anna Palaiologina
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1223:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1129:
1127:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1015:
999:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
878:
876:
874:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
838:
834:
832:
830:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
202:
39:
2853:. Blackwell Publishing.
2633:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 569
2624:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 573
2562:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 571
2434:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 565
2422:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 564
2413:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 566
2341:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 563
2291:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 562
2257:. She was more probably
264:and later by his nephew
46:Coin of Michael Shishman
3009:Горянов, Б. Т. (1951).
2908:Oxford University Press
2873:Geschichte der Bulgaren
2643:Bulgarian National Bank
298:Irene Komnene of Epirus
223:Second Bulgarian Empire
18:Michael III of Bulgaria
2955:Nikolov-Zikov, Petăr,
2850:A History of Byzantium
2706:Božilov 1985: 142-144.
2662:Božilov 1985: 139-142.
1608:married to Constantine
713:Michael IX Palaiologos
689:Stefan Uroš II Milutin
630:
565:
463:
361:
3530:(1878–1908) and
917:Theodora Palaiologina
709:Theodora Palaiologina
687:, a daughter of King
624:
556:
543:Relations with Serbia
477:Theodora Palaiologina
359:
352:War against Byzantium
131:Theodora Palaiologina
3054:on 30 September 2009
2936:Bulgaria Mediaevalis
2926:Bulgaria Mеdiaevalis
2847:Gregory, T. (2005).
2796:): Анубис (Anubis).
2758:): Абагар (Abagar).
2601:Андреев, pp. 263–264
2530:Андреев, pp. 258–259
2455:Андреев, pp. 259–260
2350:Андреев, pp. 256–257
2176:Michael III Shishman
2081:improve this section
1862:John VII Palaiologos
1642:(r. 1371–1395)
1587:(r. 1356–1396)
1264:(r. 1331–1371)
907:(r. 1323–1330)
578:Stephen Vladislav II
3578:13th-century births
3492:Rebels against the
3275:Rebels against the
3080:Emperor of Bulgaria
2928:2 (2011), 603–618.
2869:Jireček, Konstantin
2679:on 22 February 2007
2649:(1999 issue) &
1896:Patriarch Joseph II
1869:2 unknown daughters
1850:(r. 1353-1391)
1837:(r. 1397–1422)
1644:married to 1.
1629:(r. 1376–1379)
1614:(r. 1362–1389)
1312:(r. 1331–1355)
1266:married to 1.
1075:(r. 1330–1331)
909:married to 1.
671:of the Bulgarian 2
644:Church of St George
627:Church of St George
561:, a frescoe in the
508:Nicephorus Gregoras
304:(r. 1300–1321) and
296:(r. 1218–1241) and
3433:Theodore Svetoslav
3129:Bulgarian monarchs
1883:married to unknown
1297:married to unknown
1282:John Komnenos Asen
1095:married to unknown
775:married to Unknown
635:John Kantakouzenos
631:
566:
559:battle of Velbazhd
549:Battle of Velbazhd
481:Theodore Svetoslav
454:John Kantakouzenos
362:
302:Theodore Svetoslav
292:and a daughter of
272:Rise to the throne
246:Battle of Velbazhd
209:, commonly called
3618:People from Vidin
3565:
3564:
3535:(1908–1946)
3386:Constantine I Tih
3327:(1185–1422)
3314:Constantine Bodin
3096:
3095:
3087:Succeeded by
2948:5 (2015) 267-310
2938:3 (2012) 403-418
2886:978-3-938402-11-5
2879:: Textor Verlag.
2877:Frankfurt am Main
2811:Fine, J. (1987).
2673:"Rulers of Vidin"
2571:Fine, pp. 271–272
2282:Fine, pp. 268–269
2168:Michael Shishman
2117:
2116:
2109:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
1900:
1884:
1851:
1651:
1648:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1590:
1575:
1313:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1108:
1096:
953:
919:
913:
902:Michael Asen III
776:
281:Shishman of Vidin
242:Kingdom of Serbia
192:
191:
187:Eastern Orthodoxy
177:Shishman of Vidin
16:(Redirected from
3625:
3613:Tsardom of Vidin
3603:Shishman dynasty
3510:Ivan Shishman II
3443:Michael Asen III
3438:George Terter II
3139:(680–1018)
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3073:George Terter II
3070:Preceded by
3067:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3026:
3024:
3022:
2986:
2971:(in Bulgarian).
2921:
2890:
2864:
2843:
2828:
2807:
2769:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2435:
2432:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2402:
2399:
2386:
2383:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2209:
2187:
2153:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2061:
2053:
1898:
1882:
1856:Unknown daughter
1845:
1672:2. Vasilisa
1649:
1643:
1624:
1610:
1607:
1588:
1573:
1307:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1271:
1268:Theodora Besarab
1265:
1106:
1094:
951:
948:Keratsa Petritsa
914:
908:
774:
727:
726:
718:
711:, a daughter of
648:Staro Nagoričane
640:Gregory Tsamblak
617:Death and legacy
574:Stephen Dečanski
516:Ivan the Russian
504:met at Chernomen
496:Byzantine Empire
434:Ivan the Russian
414:Balkan mountains
306:George Terter II
250:Bulgarian Empire
238:Byzantine Empire
227:Shishman dynasty
219:tsar of Bulgaria
213:(Михаил Шишман,
211:Michael Shishman
204:
195:Michael Asen III
167:Shishman dynasty
53:Tsar of Bulgaria
44:
35:Michael Shishman
32:
21:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3531:
3522:
3487:
3458:Michael Asen IV
3413:George Terter I
3398:Michael Asen II
3392:Jacob Svetoslav
3369:Kaliman Asen II
3319:
3270:
3131:
3126:
3092:
3083:
3075:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3020:
3018:
3008:
3000:
2983:
2962:
2957:Domăt na Šišman
2918:
2893:
2887:
2867:
2861:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2810:
2804:
2779:
2772:Božilov, Ivan,
2766:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:Андреев, p. 264
2614:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:Андреев, p. 262
2552:
2543:
2539:Gregory, p. 305
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:Андреев, p. 250
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:Андреев, p. 261
2493:
2486:
2482:Андреев, p. 260
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:Jireček, p. 419
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:Андреев, p. 259
2445:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2401:Андреев, p. 258
2400:
2389:
2384:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:Андреев, p. 257
2361:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:Андреев, p. 256
2313:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2244:Андреев, p. 255
2243:
2239:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2184:
2183:
2150:
2148:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2078:
2062:
2051:
1836:
1650:2. Dragana
1641:
1589:married to Anna
1586:
1571:Michael Asen IV
1306:
1295:
1263:
1113:2. Unknown
1105:
1093:
1074:
906:
903:
773:
681:
619:
551:
545:
472:
354:
349:
325:Yakov Svetoslav
274:
207:Mihail Asen III
203:Михаил Асен III
153:
149:
145:
129:
118:
103:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3631:
3629:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3483:Constantine II
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Ivan Sratsimir
3465:
3460:
3455:
3453:Ivan Alexander
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Michael Asen I
3361:
3359:Kaliman Asen I
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3266:Ivan Vladislav
3263:
3261:Gavril Radomir
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3044:
3034:(in Bulgarian)
3027:
3006:
2999:
2998:External links
2996:
2995:
2994:
2993:, Sofia, 2020.
2989:Popov, Tenčo,
2987:
2981:
2960:
2959:, Sofia, 2021.
2953:
2946:Studia Ceranea
2942:
2932:
2922:
2916:
2891:
2885:
2865:
2859:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2808:
2802:
2777:
2776:, Sofia, 1985.
2770:
2764:
2756:Veliko Tarnovo
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2664:
2655:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
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2415:
2403:
2387:
2373:
2364:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2263:
2246:
2237:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2202:Western Thrace
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2065:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
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1979:
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1935:
1933:
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1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:(r. 1390)
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1840:
1838:
1833:Constantine II
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
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1676:
1674:
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1668:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1583:Ivan Sratsimir
1578:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
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1541:
1539:
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1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1301:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1279:
1277:
1274:Sarah-Theodora
1260:Ivan Alexander
1255:
1254:
1252:
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825:
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805:
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801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
723:
722:
680:
677:
660:Constantinople
618:
615:
544:
541:
506:(according to
471:
468:
353:
350:
348:
345:
310:Stefan Milutin
273:
270:
266:Ivan Alexander
258:Constantinople
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
140:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
114:
112:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3630:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Ivan Shishman
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Ivan Asen III
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:Second Empire
3322:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3033:
3028:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2982:954-304-152-0
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2917:0-19-504652-8
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2875:(in German).
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:0-631-23513-2
2856:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2824:0-472-10079-3
2820:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2803:954-426-204-0
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2765:954-427-216-X
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2396:
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2392:
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2382:
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2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:Anna/Theodora
2250:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2066:This section
2064:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2039:
1985:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1863:
1849:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1732:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1638:Ivan Shishman
1628:
1623:
1622:Keratsa-Maria
1613:
1606:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1371:
1369:
1323:
1321:
1311:
1310:Stefan Dushan
1305:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1104:
1091:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1022:
997:
981:
979:
963:
961:
958:
956:
949:
942:
918:
912:
905:
883:
880:
872:
870:
846:
844:
843:
836:
828:
826:
802:
800:
781:
779:
772:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:Ana of Serbia
678:
676:
674:
670:
665:
661:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
636:
628:
623:
616:
614:
611:
610:Stephen Dušan
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
564:
563:Visoki Dečani
560:
555:
550:
542:
540:
538:
533:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:Andronikos II
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
469:
467:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
358:
351:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:sebastokrator
282:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:)), ruled as
216:
215:Mihail Šišman
212:
208:
200:
196:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3528:Principality
3517:Rostislav II
3515:
3508:
3501:
3463:Ivan Asen IV
3448:Ivan Stephen
3442:
3390:
3378:
3354:Ivan Asen II
3312:
3305:
3298:
3293:Petar Delyan
3291:
3284:
3137:First Empire
3078:
3056:. Retrieved
3052:the original
3036:. Retrieved
3019:. Retrieved
3014:
2990:
2975:: LiterNet.
2968:
2956:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2895:
2872:
2849:
2834:
2813:
2789:
2785:
2773:
2751:
2747:
2740:Bibliography
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2667:
2658:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2597:
2592:Fine, p. 272
2588:
2567:
2558:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2503:Fine, p. 271
2499:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2418:
2385:Fine, p. 270
2367:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2300:Fine, p. 269
2296:
2287:
2278:
2273:Fine, p. 268
2249:
2240:
2211:
2207:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2172:Michael Asen
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2103:
2094:
2079:Please help
2067:
1831:
1636:
1597:Ivan Asen IV
1581:
1258:
1071:Ivan Stephen
1069:
901:
693:Ivan Stephen
682:
652:
632:
587:
567:
536:
520:
493:
473:
464:
459:
442:Traianopolis
438:
363:
332:
318:
294:Ivan Asen II
284:
275:
262:Ivan Stephen
235:
231:Asen dynasty
214:
210:
206:
194:
193:
143:Ivan Stephen
102:31 July 1330
81:Ivan Stephen
29:
3583:1330 deaths
3547:Ferdinand I
3542:Alexander I
3478:Ivan Asen V
3380:Rostislav I
3339:Ivan Asen I
3090:Ivan Stefan
1894:4 unknown;
1846:married to
1658:Ivan Asen V
1625:married to
1605:Kera Tamara
1308:married to
418:Sredna Gora
67:Predecessor
3572:Categories
3374:Mitso Asen
3286:Presian II
3277:Byzantines
3084:1323–1330
2219:References
1646:Kira Maria
904:"Shishman"
602:Kyustendil
547:See also:
527:Adrianople
386:Rusokastro
94:after 1280
3557:Simeon II
3552:Boris III
3221:Presian I
3161:Kormisosh
2200:river in
2097:July 2024
2068:does not
2036:2 unknown
1874:Alexander
1666:Desislava
911:Anna Neda
594:Wallachia
582:Danilo II
489:Chernomen
485:Macedonia
390:Anchialus
252:over the
199:Bulgarian
127:Anna Neda
77:Successor
71:George II
62:1323–1330
3494:Ottomans
3334:Peter II
3246:Boris II
3236:Simeon I
3231:Vladimir
3058:13 April
3038:13 April
3021:13 April
2900:New York
2871:(1977).
2784:(1999).
2166:, i.e.,
2164:Shishman
2049:Timeline
2031:Shishman
1848:Tvrtko I
1843:Dorothea
1664:2.
1656:2.
1635:2.
1620:2.
1603:1.
1595:1.
1580:1.
1569:1.
1404:Shishman
1318:Theodora
1294:Michael
1272:2.
1103:Lodovico
1101:1.
1088:1.
1082:Shishman
1080:1.
1068:1.
915:2.
771:Shishman
705:Lodovico
701:Shishman
598:Moldavia
512:Dimotika
398:Agatopol
240:and the
183:Religion
155:Lodovico
151:Shishman
105:Velbazhd
3533:Kingdom
3503:Fruzhin
3423:Ivan II
3418:Smilets
3344:Kaloyan
3307:Alusian
3300:Tihomir
3241:Peter I
3226:Boris I
3216:Malamir
3211:Omurtag
3196:Telerig
3146:Asparuh
2842:Press).
2683:8 April
2198:Maritsa
2160:Michael
2089:removed
2074:sources
1889:Keratsa
1880:Fruzhin
1612:Murad I
1090:Michael
697:Michael
669:reverse
662:to the
655:Protean
570:Tarnovo
532:Bukelon
446:Maritsa
430:Plovdiv
406:Smilets
394:Sozopol
337:Tarnovo
254:Balkans
147:Michael
3403:Ivaylo
3256:Samuel
3201:Kardam
3171:Telets
3151:Tervel
2979:
2950:online
2940:online
2930:online
2914:
2904:Oxford
2883:
2857:
2821:
2800:
2762:
2651:2 levs
2647:2 levs
2473:Павлов
2210:
2188:
2154:
1304:Helena
941:Belaur
703:, and
679:Family
664:Danube
537:Krimni
426:Kopsis
422:Sliven
402:Voysil
382:Ktenia
378:Lardea
374:Yambol
370:Thrace
341:Belaur
329:despot
278:despot
225:, the
173:Father
123:Spouse
111:Burial
3428:Chaka
3349:Boril
3251:Roman
3191:Pagan
3186:Toktu
3176:Sabin
3166:Vineh
3156:Sevar
2973:Varna
2794:Sofia
2788:[
2750:[
2259:Maria
2194:Feres
2146:Notes
590:Ohrid
461:body.
420:from
321:Vidin
290:Peter
162:House
138:Issue
59:Reign
3206:Krum
3181:Umor
3060:2011
3040:2011
3023:2011
2977:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2881:ISBN
2855:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2798:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2685:2011
2072:any
2070:cite
673:levs
625:The
596:and
557:The
523:Viza
450:duel
416:and
410:Krăn
396:and
99:Died
91:Born
2178:or
2083:by
646:in
535:as
510:at
456::
424:to
314:Ana
3574::
3013:.
2967:.
2910:.
2906::
2902:,
2898:.
2606:^
2576:^
2544:^
2487:^
2439:^
2427:^
2406:^
2390:^
2376:^
2355:^
2305:^
2266:^
2226:^
2212:c:
2190:b:
2156:a:
1092:,
950:,
650:.
392:,
388:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
205:,
201::
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
3062:.
3042:.
3025:.
2985:.
2952:.
2920:.
2889:.
2863:.
2827:.
2806:.
2768:.
2687:.
2204:.
2182:.
2110:)
2104:(
2099:)
2095:(
2091:.
2077:.
197:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
