280:, distinguished adjunct professor of neurosurgery at the Yale School of Medicine, distinguished professor of advanced neurosurgery and neuroscience and senior advisor, at the Neurological Institute, Wexner Medical School, The Ohio State University, and adjunct professor of neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center. He was director of Neurosurgery at the Kenneth Norris, Jr. Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, senior clinical director of surgical neuro-oncology, and director of the Gamma Unit Facility at the USC University Hospital and neurosurgical director of the Norris CyberKnife Facility at the Norris Hospital.
31:
269:, he developed early refinements of microsurgical techniques for the management of intracranial neoplasms. Specifically, he described and advocated complex midline transcerebral microsurgical corridors to the brain's centrally located third ventricle, which ultimately resulted in popularizing these approaches internationally. He helped establish the microscope as a regular and essential component of the general neurosurgical armamentarium. He was appointed Professor in 1980.
289:
safety. He introduced the computer as an intraoperative neurosurgical tool and reintroduced intracranial endoscopy as a technical adjunct. Though not primarily a radiosurgeon, he introduced and developed rotational dynamic radiosurgery techniques and performed the first procedure in
America using these methods for brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, and functional disorders. Later, he worked to refine and popularize the use of fixed beam systems.
468:, he established a section on sport which focused on traumatic brain injury in all sports. Later, as special adviser to the National Football League Committee on traumatic brain injury, he worked to establish injury prevention recognition and management protocols that are now adopted under the Commissioners Paul Tagliabue and Roger Goodell. In later years, his relationship with the NFL as a special consultant to the
293:
and neurosurgery in the comprehension and management of neurological diseases. He developed the concept of minimally invasive neurosurgery and played a primary role in the investigation and application of vagal nerve stimulation for the management of intractable epilepsy. This method of treatment was subsequently applied to multiple neurofunctional and psychiatric disorders.
324:. He established the web-based "Neurosurgery-Online" and later "Operative Neurosurgery" during his term as editor-in-chief. When he completed his term in 2009, he was asked to found the society sponsored peer-reviewed journal "World Neurosurgery" and "worldneurosurgery.org" by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) until January 2015, when he stepped down.
316:
Apuzzo has made over 800 contributions to the scientific literature on surgical techniques, methods, and concepts as they apply to disorders of the human cerebrum. Major independent volumes have included: Surgery of the Third
Ventricle (1987, 1998) Brain Surgery: Complication Avoidance and Management
292:
He studied functional restoration in the central nervous system and performed North
America's first human stereotactic cerebral grafting research procedure for the amelioration of Parkinsonism. He conceived the term‚ 'cellular and molecular neuro-surgery' and promoted the amalgam of molecular biology
377:
His educational contributions have been many. Since the late 70’s, Dr. Apuzzo has consistently provided new ideas and concepts that have played a key role in the evolution of neurosurgical education and practiced worldwide. He has been involved in numerous key educational initiatives of the
Congress
288:
Apuzzo was a leader in the development and employment of imaging directed stereotactic neurosurgery in 1979. In the laboratory and clinic, he developed and refined prototype stereotactic systems and technical adjuvants. These created a mode of intracranial navigation at a new level of precision and
506:. He was awarded the William Beecher Scoville Prize for neurosurgery by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS). He was awarded the Van Heck Prize by the Belgian National Foundation for Scientific Research for work in the treatment of untreatable diseases. He has been honored by the
384:
In the late 80’s and 90’s, he played an important role in redesigning the structure and templates of our meeting’s as we know it today initially the
American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)and subsequently the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) and this is the foundation of upon
364:
He subsequently traveled actively internationally initiating idea exchange and the sharing of information globally both personally and through the exploitation of digital technologies early in their availability. He subsequently was awarded membership in more than 25 international organizations.
543:
had established the "Michael L. J. Apuzzo
Lecture on Creativity and Innovation" as a keynote lecture at its annual meeting. The "Apuzzo Prize for Creativity and Innovation" has been established at both the Boston University and Keck Schools of Medicine. He is the 2014 recipient of the
1116:, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience (September 2023) 2021 Sep:91:43-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.032, Swathi Chidambaram, Vito Stifano, Michelle Demetres, Mariano Teyssandier, Maria Chiara Palumbo, Alberto Redaelli, Alessandro Olivi, Michael L J Apuzzo, Susan C Pannullo
426:'s NFL Commissioner and the NFL committee on head and spinal trauma. Additionally, he has served as adviser to the National Football League's Committee on Head Injury. He has also been a consultant to the activities of various teams and clubs of NFL, the
569:
In May 2009, the
University of Southern California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Keck School of Medicine established the Michael L.J. Apuzzo Professorship for Advanced Neurological Surgery. The professorship is endowed by Ernest A. Bates.
233:(North Atlantic Treaty Organization), serving as a submarine platform for sixteen Polaris A-3 multiple nuclear warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles. This duty consisted of multiple 90- to 120-day submerged patrols to polar regions, the
927:
Hoh DJ, Liu CY, Chen JC, Pagnini PG, Yu C, Wang MY, Apuzzo ML. Chained lightning, part II: neurosurgical principles, radiosurgical technology, and the manipulation of energy beam delivery. Neurosurgery. 2007 Sep;61(3):433-46; discussion
937:
Hoh DJ, Liu CY, Chen JC, Pagnini PG, Yu C, Wang MY, Apuzzo ML. Chained lightning: part III--Emerging technology, novel therapeutic strategies, and new energy modalities for radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2007 Dec;61(6):1111-29; discussion
693:
Farin A, Liu CY, Elder JB, Langmoen IA, Apuzzo ML. The biological restoration of central nervous system architecture and function: part 1-foundations and historical landmarks in contemporary stem cell biology. Neurosurgery 64(1):15-39,
307:
He has raised awareness of the role of nanotechnology as a neurosurgical adjuvant. He has worked in the area of advanced and specialized operating room design, as well as the concept of virtual environments for surgical simulation.
472:
while acting as editor-in-chief of the journal came under question in investigations led by PBS and the New York Times. In particular, the NFL's Mild
Traumatic Brain Injury Committee had published all 13 of its publications in
1058:
Liu CY, Spicer M, Apuzzo ML. The genesis of neurosurgery and the evolution of the neurosurgical operative environment: part II--concepts for future development, 2003 and beyond. Neurosurgery. 2003 Jan;52(1):20-33; discussion
790:
554:
A remarkably innovative clinician, scientist and scholar, he has become an international icon for his groundbreaking scientific discoveries and for this use of cutting-edge technologies to redefine neurosurgical
917:
Hoh DJ, Liu CY, Pagnini PG, Yu C, Wang MY, Apuzzo ML. Chained lightning, part I: Exploitation of energy and radiobiological principles for therapeutic purposes. Neurosurgery. 2007 Jul;61(1):14-27; discussion
317:(1992), and Surgery of the Human Cerebrum (2009). Predominant themes have included surgical minimalism, technology transfer and the implementation of advanced technologies to the therapy of brain diseases.
860:
Heilbrun MP, Roberts TS, Apuzzo ML, Wells TH Jr, Sabshin JK. Preliminary experience with Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computerized tomography stereotaxic guidance system. J Neurosurg. 1983 Aug;59(2):217-22.
538:
in Italy for his contributions to neurosurgery, medicine, internationalization and humanities. He is the recipient of Norway's
Vilhelm Magnus Medal and Italy's Francesco Durante International Prize. The
490:. The controversial papers involved head injuries and symptoms among NFL players, which some academics argued were more severe than was reflected in the publications, including under Apuzzo as editor of
125:(born May 22, 1940) is an American academic neurological surgeon, the Edwin M. Todd/Trent H. Wells, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics at the
1040:
Elder JB, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. Neurosurgery in the realm of 10(-9), Part 2: applications of nanotechnology to neurosurgery--present and future. Neurosurgery. 2008 Feb;62(2):269-84; discussion 284-5.
494:
where the articles were published. In 2018, he and four other doctors associated with the NFL were sued by insurers for access to documentation regarding player wellbeing and head injuries.
1295:
Apuzzo MLJ. The
National Football League: Cerebral Concussion, Peer-Review, and the Oath of Hippocrates Keynote Address- NFL Concussion Summit Chicago, 2007. Neurosurgery 62(1):202-203, 2008
349:
He has served as an advocate for international exchange of ideas. In 1989, as scientific program chair, he introduced an increased presence of international faculty and participation in the
1242:
843:
573:
On May 6, 2022, the Department of Neurosurgery at Yale hosted the inaugural Michael L. J. Apuzzo lecture for the first time, to honor Apuzzo. He received an honorary degree in 2023 from
986:
Amar AP, Heck CN, DeGiorgio CM, Apuzzo ML. Experience with vagus nerve stimulation for intractable epilepsy: some questions and answers. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1999 Jul;39(7):489-95.
552:"The Ohio State University salutes Michael L.J. Apuzzo. It is difficult to overstate the importance of the contributions Dr. Michael L.J. Apuzzo has made to the field of neurosurgery.
1483:
197:, along with fellowships in neurophysiology and neuro-pathology. During that time, Apuzzo obtained training in nuclear, submarine and deep sea diving medical specialties at the
1690:
250:
1447:
1526:
1411:
1014:
1700:
1049:
Apuzzo ML, Weinberg RA. Architecture and functional design of advanced neurosurgical operating environments. Neurosurgery. 1993 Oct;33(4):663-72; discussion 672-3.
350:
297:
1268:
Honored Guest Presentation: The Legacy of Galen of Pergamon: The Neurosurgeon In The Area Of Sport. Clinical Neurosurgery Volume 49: Chapter 17:333-370, 2002
1004:
Robison RA, Taghva A, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. Surgery of the mind, mood, and conscious state: an idea in evolution. World Neurosurg. 2012 May-Jun;77(5-6):662-86.
1077:
Spicer MA, van Velsen M, Caffrey JP, Apuzzo ML. Virtual reality neurosurgery: a simulator blueprint. Neurosurgery. 2004 Apr;54(4):783-97; discussion 797-8.
995:
Heller AC, Amar AP, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. Surgery of the mind and mood: a mosaic of issues in time and evolution. Neurosurgery. 2008 Jun;62(6 Suppl 3):921-40.
79:
559:
In recognition of these outstanding achievements, The Ohio State University confers upon him the degree of Doctor of Science Honoris causa, May 10, 2015."
272:
Currently, Apuzzo is the Edwin M. Todd/Trent H. Wells, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics at the
1640:
1562:
1031:
Elder JB, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. Neurosurgery in the realm of 10(-9), part 1: stardust and nanotechnology in neuroscience. Neurosurgery. 2008 Jan;62(1):1-20.
527:
869:
Apuzzo ML, Sabshin JK. Computed tomographic guidance stereotaxis in the management of intracranial mass lesions. Neurosurgery. 1983 Mar;12(3):277-85.
375:
Dr. Apuzzo is an iconic figure in neurosurgery whose illustrious career over the past forty years exemplifies the principles this award represents.
1068:
Spicer MA, Apuzzo ML. Virtual reality surgery: neurosurgery and the contemporary landscape. Neurosurgery. 2003 Mar;52(3):489-97; discussion 496-7.
564:
Honoree Commencement Dinner, The Ohio State University, May 2015, Columbus, Ohio by Michael V. Drake, M.D., president of the Ohio State University
457:
and a succession of coaches and athletic directors at that institution. Subsequently, he worked to establish injury management protocols with the
149:, distinguished professor of advanced neurosurgery and neuroscience and senior advisor, at the Neurological Institute, Wexner Medical School, The
1246:
638:
331:. In 2021, he co-published "Applications of augmented reality in the neurosurgical operating room: A systematic review of the literature" in the
1376:
357:. This practice was subsequently developed and perpetuated by the major North American neurosurgical groups in succeeding decades. As editor of
1095:
847:
684:
Apuzzo ML, Pagán VM, Faccio R, Liu CY. A Bosphorus submarine passage and the reinvention of neurosurgery. World Neurosurgery 79(1):40-52, 2013.
373:"The CNS Founders' Laurel Award is awarded to a unique individual who has made exceptional life long contributions in education and mentorship.
361:, he established an extensive international advisory board and increased international participation in the review and publication processes.
957:
1304:
Apuzzo MLJ. The World Stage of Elite Sports: The Neurological Consequence of Competitive Involvement. World Neuorsurgery 74(6):558-559, 2010
534:
for unusual contributions to the field of medicine and the advancement of surgery of the central nervous system and the Gold Medal from the
709:
379:
70:
892:
445:'s Richard C. Schnieder, he initiated activities to establish the role of neurosurgery in the arena of organized sport. Initially, at the
266:
1652:
1465:
1159:
881:
Apuzzo ML, Heifetz MD, Weiss MH, Kurze T. Neurosurgical endoscopy using the side-viewing telescope. J Neurosurg. 1977 Mar;46(3):398-400
814:
1487:
1259:
Apuzzo MLJ. The Neurosurgeon in Sport: Awareness of the risks of heatstroke and dietary supplements. Neurosurgery 51(2): 283-288, 2002
1196:
1286:
Levy ML, Ozur BM, Berry C, Aryan HE, Apuzzo MLJ. Analysis and Evolution of Head Injury in Football. Neurosurgery 55(3):649-662, 2004
902:
613:
545:
540:
503:
446:
397:
388:
366:
277:
130:
449:, he established an active role in the areas of head protection, injury prevention, assessment and treatment with athletic trainer
1501:
1451:
333:
1601:
1685:
435:
198:
169:(Dominic John Apuzzo, a precision machinist and craftsman) and Vienna, Austria (Ann Janet Lorenz, a registered nurse). Born in
1537:
660:
1415:
1576:
557:
His tireless dedication and pioneering spirit have earned him recognition as one of the world's most renowned neurosurgeons.
382:(SNS), American Academy of Neurological Surgery, The Society of University Neurosurgeons (SUN), and others groups worldwide.
1394:
1318:
1018:
735:
591:
458:
221:, one of the original five nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarines as a part of submarine Squadron 14 based in
1695:
214:
1086:
Michael L.J. Apuzzo. Surgery of the Human Cerebrum: Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009
387:
Dr. Apuzzo has made an indelible impact also on the training and thinking on over 100 neurosurgical residents at the
1183:
548:' "Founders Laurel Award". He was honored by the Ohio State University with a Doctor of Science degree in May 2015.
185:. After completing his general surgery training at McGill's Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, he returned to the
507:
301:
780:
Michael L.J. Apuzzo. Brain Surgery: Complication Avoidance and Management, Volume 1. Churchill Livingstone, 1983
771:
Michael L.J. Apuzzo. Brain Surgery: Complication Avoidance and Management, Volume 2. Churchill Livingstone, 1992
519:
423:
419:
401:
1114:"Applications of augmented reality in the neurosurgical operating room: A systematic review of the literature"
514:
with the Sixto Obrador Medal, and Sweden's National Center for Research and Higher Education in Medicine, the
1627:
477:
as he maintained professional and financial ties to the organization, and over the objections of reviewers.
273:
190:
186:
146:
126:
83:
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442:
431:
354:
262:
174:
170:
154:
141:
54:
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Apuzzo ML, Mitchell MS. Immunological aspects of intrinsic glial tumors. J Neurosurg. 1981 Jul;55(1):1-18
1381:
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511:
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150:
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210:
30:
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450:
586:
454:
135:
1277:
Apuzzo MLJ. Galen 2003: Critical Analysis of Brain Injury in Sport. Neurosurgery 53(4):795, 2003
1556:
1326:
1100:
898:
891:
Petrovich, Zbigniew; Brady, Luther W; Apuzzo, Michael L. J; Heilmann, H. P.; Molls, M (2003).
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234:
194:
182:
74:
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of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS),
1669:
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166:
261:
laboratory. There, he primarily focused on brain diseases such as tumors, epilepsy,
481:
178:
66:
1641:"Inaugural Michael L.J. Apuzzo Lecture Highlights Historic Figure in Neurosurgery"
759:
Michael L. J. Apuzzo. Surgery of the Third Ventricle. Williams & Wilkins, 1987
1580:
157:, Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center.
815:"USC Neurological Surgery | Faculty Profile: Michael L. Apuzzo, M.D.,Ph.D."
484:, when the "medical journal published controversial NFL articles," according to
415:
739:
710:"Michael L.J. Apuzzo Professorship for Advanced Neurological Surgery Announced"
365:
Based on these contributions, he was awarded the Founders' Laurel Award by the
526:
from the 85-member Italian National University Consortium administered by the
254:
1330:
1113:
238:
222:
1595:"Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2014 Annual Meeting Preliminary Program"
1096:"Right-Wing Brain Surgeons: The Case of Surgical Neurology International"
226:
1221:
320:
In 1991, he was appointed editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal
110:
1197:"University of Southern California official athletic site - On Campus"
1141:
1502:"The Weekly: USC neurosurgeon honored for pioneering work in field"
1317:
Schwarz, Alan; Bogdanich, Walt; Williams, Jacqueline (2016-03-24).
229:. This squadron was assigned to implement the deterrent mission of
1395:"N.F.L.’s Flawed Concussion Research and Ties to Tobacco Industry"
1319:"N.F.L.'s Flawed Concussion Research and Ties to Tobacco Industry"
736:"Neurosurgeon Apuzzo to Receive Prestigious International Award"
614:"Michael L.J. Apuzzo | Keck Medicine of USC in Los Angeles"
414:
He has served as the principal neurosurgical consultant for the
230:
145:. He is distinguished adjunct professor of neurosurgery at the
574:
416:
University of Southern California Trojans Athletic Department
391:
and countless other trainees and students around the globe."
213:, he served as a medical and deep sea diving officer on the
1653:"Perseverance, purpose underscore WVU Commencement Weekend"
133:. He is also editor emeritus of the peer-reviewed journals
894:
Combined Modality Therapy of Central Nervous System Tumors
404:(past president of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons)
1429:
253:
in 1973, where he established a central nervous system
165:
Apuzzo is the son of a maritime family with roots in
510:(WHO), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies,
502:
Apuzzo has served as honored guest laureate for the
251:
University of Southern California School of Medicine
193:, West Haven Veteran's Administration Hospital, and
1577:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1484:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1466:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1448:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1412:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1243:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
1015:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
844:"USC News - University of Southern California News"
639:"Introducing Michael L.J. Apuzzo, M.D., Ph.D (Hon)"
104:
96:
62:
37:
21:
809:
807:
304:(JPL) and the Cape Kennedy-Canaveral Facilities.
385:which our meeting structures are in place today.
337:. In 2023, he is on the editorial board of the
1504:. Theweekly.usc.edu. 2010-01-08. Archived from
1351:"League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis"
550:
371:
877:
875:
351:American Association of Neurological Surgeons
298:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
296:He has worked as a special consultant to the
8:
1372:
1370:
767:
765:
1691:Boston University School of Medicine alumni
1377:"Insurers ask for NFL concussion documents"
189:to complete his neurosurgical residency at
80:Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory
608:
606:
528:Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples
441:Beginning in 1978, based on the legacy of
29:
18:
1160:"The Society of University Neurosurgeons"
153:, and adjunct professor of neurosurgery,
1643:, Yale School of Medicine (June 7, 2022)
530:. He received the University Medal from
111:Operative technique, Surgical Minimalism
602:
369:(CNS) at their annual meeting in 2014.
265:and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the
181:and obtained his medical degree at the
108:Advanced Neurosurgery, Cerebral Surgery
1701:Physicians from New Haven, Connecticut
1561:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1554:
661:"The Society of Neurological Surgeons"
16:American academic neurological surgeon
1600:. Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
1312:
1310:
396:Founders' Laurel Award Presentation,
7:
704:
702:
700:
380:The Society of Neurological Surgeons
177:, continued his academic studies at
71:Boston University School of Medicine
1607:from the original on August 6, 2014
267:Los Angeles County General Hospital
663:. Neurosurgery.org. Archived from
327:In 2015, he was the new editor of
14:
546:Congress of Neurological Surgeons
541:Congress of Neurological Surgeons
504:Congress of Neurological Surgeons
447:University of Southern California
422:, as well as a consultant to the
398:Congress of Neurological Surgeons
389:University of Southern California
367:Congress of Neurological Surgeons
278:University of Southern California
131:University of Southern California
1199:. Usctrojans.com. Archived from
334:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
284:Clinical and research activities
436:National Basketball Association
199:Naval Submarine Base New London
734:Dingsdale, Paul (2012-04-09).
480:In 2000, he was the editor of
345:Internationalism and education
1:
1130:Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
592:List of Hopkins School people
459:National Institutes of Health
339:Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
249:He joined the faculty at the
312:Publications and editorships
524:Doctorate honoris pro causa
1717:
1655:, WVU Today (May 14, 2023)
738:. Usc.edu. Archived from
508:World Health Organization
353:(AANS) Annual Meeting in
302:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
116:
89:
28:
520:Herbert Olivecrona Award
424:National Football League
420:New York Football Giants
201:in Groton, Connecticut.
161:Early life and education
274:Keck School of Medicine
191:Yale New Haven Hospital
187:Yale School of Medicine
147:Yale School of Medicine
127:Keck School of Medicine
84:Yale School of Medicine
1686:American neurosurgeons
791:"Neurological Surgery"
567:
443:University of Michigan
432:National Hockey League
407:
355:New Orleans, Louisiana
209:Following training in
175:Hopkins Grammar School
173:where he attended the
171:New Haven, Connecticut
155:Weill Cornell Medicine
55:New Haven, Connecticut
1382:Sports Business Daily
1146:americanacademyns.org
958:"Neuronavigator.HTML"
536:University of Messina
516:Karolinska Institutet
512:Queen Sophia of Spain
487:Sports Business Daily
428:Major League Baseball
400:, Boston 2014 by Dr.
151:Ohio State University
100:Academic Neurosurgeon
123:Michael L. J. Apuzzo
1696:Yale College alumni
1630:. 27 November 2012.
1128:, Springer Nature,
1104:(February 22, 2015)
818:uscneurosurgery.com
300:(NASA) through the
263:Parkinson's disease
211:Groton, Connecticut
23:Michael L.J. Apuzzo
1628:"A-Z Website list"
1543:on 5 November 2012
1399:The New York Times
1323:The New York Times
587:World Neurosurgery
329:World Neurosurgery
136:World Neurosurgery
1126:"Editorial Board"
1101:Discover Magazine
968:on 27 August 2010
643:medicine.yale.edu
532:Boston University
245:Professional life
235:Mediterranean Sea
195:Hartford Hospital
183:Boston University
120:
119:
75:McGill University
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1401:(March 24, 2016)
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205:Military service
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67:Yale College
48:May 22, 1940
1676:1940 births
962:www.usc.edu
518:, with the
498:Recognition
455:Russ Romano
430:(MLB), the
1670:Categories
1547:14 January
1512:2014-03-04
1360:2023-02-12
1336:2023-02-12
1228:2014-03-04
1207:2014-03-04
1170:2015-01-07
972:14 January
828:14 January
797:2014-03-04
746:2014-03-04
720:2021-10-06
671:2014-03-04
624:2014-03-20
598:References
453:and later
255:immunology
219:(SSBN-601)
97:Profession
44:1940-05-22
1611:August 6,
1355:FRONTLINE
1331:0362-4331
1184:(EXCERPT)
555:practice.
402:Ali Rezai
276:, of the
239:Black Sea
223:Holy Loch
129:, of the
63:Education
1602:Archived
1557:cite web
1534:unime.it
1434:wfns.org
938:1129-30.
714:USC News
581:See also
562:—
418:and the
394:—
227:Scotland
105:Research
438:(NBA).
1430:"Home"
1329:
1142:"Home"
901:
410:Sports
237:, and
1605:(PDF)
1598:(PDF)
1541:(PDF)
1530:(PDF)
1059:33-5.
918:27-8.
694:2009.
78:U.S.
1613:2014
1563:link
1549:2022
1327:ISSN
974:2022
928:446.
899:ISBN
830:2022
257:and
231:NATO
215:USS
139:and
38:Born
575:WVU
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1559:}}
1555:{{
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