634:. Using the perimeter of the former Trecento church, Michelozzo added a polygonal apse, similar in form to that at Bosco ai Frati; it was lighted by three long round arch pietra serena windows which can still be seen in the upper story of the convent. The pointed entrance arch rested on two pilasters with large, classical Corinthian capitals surmounted by a dado decorated with the Medici balls (also still visible). In front of the apse was the Capella Maggiore, covered with groin vaulting. The nave was a single open space without aisles, adorned with ediculas or altars (three on each side), and covered with a wooden beamed ceiling. Separating the nave and the Cappella Maggiore was a high wall (tramezzo) with two doors. In the later remodelling of the church, the wall was removed and the doors were transferred to the polygonal apse where they are now located. Their fluted pilasters are crowned with composite capitals identical to those in the Barbadori Chapel in S. Felicita by Brunelleschi, and above the architrave with classical mouldings, the frieze is decorated, like the capitals at Bosco ai Frati, with the Medici balls."
277:. Michelozzo's first projects with Ghiberti was the North Door of the Baptistry between the years 1417 and 1423/4, in which Michelozzo's responsibilities "could only have been in the chasing and gilding of the panels, possibly in casting the four late reliefs...and in the frame....Most of his work on the doors is submerged, like that of the other assistants, in the force of Ghiberti's design and personality." From this, Michelozzo learned how to run a closely supervised shop, how to organize it efficiently, how to train and control assistants, and how to deal shrewdly in business and financial affairs. "He was exposed to Ghiberti's use of antique motifs, he absorbed Ghiberti's ability in juxtaposing antique and Gothic elements, and he was undoubtedly influenced by Ghiberti's style and artistic concepts." While working under Ghiberti, Michelozzo created the statue of the young St. John over the door of the
532:
603:
1561:
712:
347:
687:
Cerchi Chapel on "the ground floor of the Ex-Library wing at the end adjacent to the Ex-Refectory is evidently inserted into older peripheral walls which survived the 1423 fire. The language of the details (pilasters flanking the opening into the little square choir, capitals of the lunette vaults of the hall in front of the choir - which overlap older windows in the side walls) is that of the
Michelozzo circle."
328:). Though Donatello is the more well-known of the two, "it would be a mistake to underrate Michelozzo's share in the work, for where Donatello appears as the sole designer of architectural ornament his style is quite different. He completely subordinates the architectural setting to his sculpture and makes architecture, so to speak, its handmaid. The beautiful ornamental sculpture in Brunelleschi's
1065:
741:, Michelozzo's designs paved the way for the rapid development of the Central Italian Palazzo type. He developed the aisleless church and became the pioneer of a plan-type of sacred building, which is the most important in modern times. He transformed secular building and his adaptability in use of traditional forms enabled him to evolve good compromise solutions for distant regions, such as
56:
594:
grow lighter as they ascend on the upper stories), the classical columns and fluted capitals in the bifore windows, the great classical cornice crowning the building and the small ones dividing the stories, the massive rectangular proportions of the block of square, and the regularity of the disposition of the windows, which, however, are asymmetrical in regard to the doors."
510:. In 1469, Niccolò began his political career as a notary in the Florentine Cancelleria, and he was often sent on important missions as ambassador for the Florentine Republic between 1489 and 1494. Following the downfall of the Medici, he was imprisoned for a brief time before clearing his name in 1496 and becoming the precounsel of the
566:. The palazzo's exterior is not articulated by Vitruvian orders, and its big arches of its ground floor are not aligned with the windows of the upper stories. Instead, Michelozzo focused on the contrast between surface textures, such as the contrast between "the natural rustication of the ground floor, the flat ashlared courses of the
662:, and detailing it with a ten-sided exterior with deep, over-semicircular chapels. He also opted for a drum and a dome without ribs. Though the Santissima Annunziata was Michelozzo's attempt to surpass Brunelleschi on his ground, "a comparison of the two ground plans suffices to show how utterly superior Brunelleschi's is."
359:
patron." Their relationship was best described by Angelo
Fabroni in 1789, who said: "Cosimo loved Michelozzo dearly and relied on him, not only because of his natural talents (he considered nobody, not even Brunelleschi, superior in all architectural judgments), but also because of his good qualities and worthy character."
646:, lord of Mantua and general of the Florentine troops, the choir was created in commemoration of Gonzaga's father and "for the celebration of masses for his soul." Cosimo had already commissioned Michelozzo with the construction of the church's vestibulum and atrium in order to continue Brunelleschi's idea of a forum
752:
In his careful treatment of architectural ornament, "Michelozzo was able to adopt ideas and turn them to good account as well as to transmit new ones. The styles of
Manetti, Bernardo Rossellino, Giuliano da Maiano, and even of Giuliano da Sangallo are unimaginable without the support and influence of
231:
at an unknown date. Borgognone lived and worked in the Santa Croce quarter of
Florence as a tailor, and was made a Florentine citizen on 9 April 1376. Michelozzo had three brothers named Leonardo (b. 1389/90), Zanobi (b. 1391), and Giovanni (b. 1403). By 1391, Michelozzo's family had moved to the San
593:
One of
Michelozzo's most well-known architectural projects, the palace led to the development of a new architectural type: the Florentine Renaissance palace. Among the many Michelozzo innovations on the facade, the most notable include: "the use of bugnato digradante (large unevenly-cut stones which
449:
According to "Architecture in Italy, 1400-1500, Volume 53", Michelozzo's architecture contrasts with
Brunelleschi in its closer adherence to the "immediately preceding Gothic tradition, the Gothic classicism which appears in the Loggia dei Lanzi or the monastery of S. Matteo." Ludwig Heydenreich and
686:
capitals) which originally extended across the cloister to the elevated loggia on the south side of the church, running along the eastern flank of the San
Giuliano (Mellini) Chapel...which divided the first cloister into two parts before its destruction in the nineteenth century." Additionally, the
358:
Few historians have disputed Cosimo's close relationship to
Michelozzo, who was the Medici architect for nearly forty years. "Michelozzo was more agreeable and accessible to the advice and desires of Cosimo than the turbulent Brunelleschi, and was willing to follow the strong personal tastes of his
380:
in 1434 for Cosimo, though this claim contradicts the original description and documents of the library, which indicate that although the library's construction was started by Cosimo, it was largely built under the direction of Medici bank manager
Giovanni d'Orino Lanfredini between 1467 and 1478,
629:
The first part undertaken by
Michelozzo was "the rebuilding of the old refectory, where a low vault, supported by consoles much like those in the sacristy at S. Trinita, was built to sustain the cells above. Work began on the church in 1438 and was probably completed three years later, though
462:
In 1441, Michelozzo launched a legal complaint to remove himself from the responsibility of his two older brothers' debts. Andrea di Benozo, representative for Giovanni, Zanobi, and Michelozzo, elected arbitrators to weigh the complaints. After studying documents and proofs for six weeks, the
621:
has been called the first Renaissance church, though it seems to be a compromise between the Trecento tradition and the Renaissance spirit. The plain white walls without frescos differ from the coloristic tradition of the Trecento and were essential to Michelozzo's architectural concepts and
616:
The fundamental basis of all monastic compounds built by architects during the Renaissance, this was one of Michelozzo's first and most influential architectural projects in Florence. Constructed at the expense of Cosimo dei Medici, the project began sometime between the years 1437 and 1438.
458:
Michelozzo married Francesca, daughter of Piero di Ambrogio Galligari, in late January or February 1441. At the time of their marriage, she was 20 years old, and he was 45. Francesca's dowry of 425 florins was about average for an upper-middle-class family at that time. The size of her dowry
626:. Like many of his projects, San Marco was constructed with incredible rapidity. Unlike Brunelleschi, Michelozzo was able to finish what he started, largely due to Michelozzo's efficiency and due to the availability of adequate financing from Cosimo throughout the campaign.
300:, where "Ghiberti started to fuse together late-Gothic and antique forms." Both Donatello and Michelozzo began as sculptors with an uncompromising dedication to antiquity, and this was evident when Donatello enlisted Michelozzo's help in the decoration of the tabernacle of
471:
Four boys and three girls resulted from Michelozzo's marriage to Francesca, of whom five survived their father. Bartolomeo, who became a sculptor, was born in 1442; Piero in 1443; Antonia in 1445; Niccolo in 1447; Marietta in 1453; Bernardo in 1455; and Lisabetta in 1459.
376:, was motivated by his great love and fidelity for Cosimo to accompany him into exile in Venice from 1433 to 1434. Historians have cited this as an unparalleled example of esteem between artist and patron. Vasari also claimed that Michelozzo built the library of
388:
in Florence, built by Cosimo, was designed by him; it is one of the noblest specimens of Italian fifteenth-century architecture, in which the great taste and skill of the architect has combined the delicate lightness of the earlier Italian
585:
windows, the symmetry and the dominance of the entrance axis, and the combination of traditional and progressive elements. The arcades and entablature of the palazzo's courtyard also follows the model of the loggia of the
475:
Two of his sons, Niccolò and Bernardo, were partially educated by the Medici and may have lived in the Palazzo Medici during their youth. They later achieved success in the highest humanistic circles of Florence.
678:
work at Santa Croce (and there is no reason to doubt it in spite of the lack of documentation) then Michelozzo and his circle probably handled the entire operation as at San Marco, SS. Annunziata and elsewhere."
332:
shows how far Donatello would go with his sculpture in order to provide it with an effective frame in the extraordinarily vigorous modelling of the broad, slanting surrounds of his overdoors and medallions."
558:, that of the Palazzo Medici follows the tradition of the Tuscan late-medieval palazzo, but without the more eye-catching symbols of civic power, which would have been incompatible with Cosimo's role as
372:
2216:
405:, Michelozzo was employed to rebuild the domestic part and remodel the church. For Cosimo he designed numerous other buildings, most of them of noteworthy importance. Among these were a guest-house at
463:
arbitrators found that the two brothers were the cause behind most of Michelozzo's debts, and they were required to relinquish their inheritance in partial compensation for the amounts they owed.
397:, then in a ruinous condition, and added to it many important rooms and staircases. When, in 1437, through Cosimo's liberality, the monastery of San Marco at Florence was handed over to the
235:
Little is known about Michelozzo's childhood, other than that he received a comprehensive education in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and that he began working as a die-engraver for the
502:, where he formed friendships with other Florentine humanists who shared his love for antiquity. He excelled in literature and philosophy, and he later became secretary to
1080:
1405:
574:
in its size, its more urbane character, and its massive classicizing cornice. "In its succession of dentils, egg-and-dart and consoles, Michelozzo directly followed the
254:, one of the Guilds of Florence that represented the master stonemasons, wood-carvers, and sculptors. He later served as one of the consuls of the Guild in 1430.
682:
Michelozzo added various parts to the church and cloister of Santa Croce, including "the loggia in front of the Ex-Dormitory and Library (octagonal columns with
674:, Howard Saalman wrote that "the language of the details of the Ex-Dormitory and the Ex-Library wing points to Michelozzo. If Vasari is right and Michelozzo
1085:
1546:
1257:
1239:
2296:
2276:
2286:
2281:
643:
1218:
257:
Michelozzo's father died sometime before 1427, and his mother passed sometime between 1433 and 1442. Michelozzo retained the family residence on
450:
Paul Davies argue that all of Michelozzo's buildings are "works of considerable standing...the most independent architect after Brunelleschi."
1045:
1223:
1786:
651:
251:
950:
304:. Michelozzo also became the partner responsible for the architectural frames of Donatello's sculptures such as the funerary monument of
1473:
767:
301:
227:
in 1396. He was the son of Bartolomeo di Gherardo Borgognone and Antonia. Borgognone was of French origin and arrived in Florence from
2093:
981:
2271:
1888:
843:
1400:
2221:, from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Michelozzo (see index)
1690:
1499:
1163:
426:
289:
on the altar-frontal of San Giovanni. In his tax declaration of 1427 Michelozzo calls himself as "in partnership" with Ghiberti.
393:
with the massive stateliness of the classical style. With great engineering skill Michelozzo shored up, and partly rebuilt, the
2291:
1710:
551:
309:
893:. Princeton Monographs in Art and Archaeology. Vol. 31 (1st Pb. of 2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1494:
1410:
507:
730:'s statement that he died at the age of sixty-eight, he appears to have lived until 1472. He is buried in the monastery of
239:
in 1410. As an engraver, Michelozzo learned how to cast, chase, and gild copper and bronze, two of the metals in which the
2026:
1430:
1425:
1198:
503:
484:
247:
goldsmith most commonly worked. He also gained immense precision of hand and a mastery of sculptural design in miniature.
1489:
2301:
1952:
1863:
1746:
1620:
1590:
762:
499:
418:
1853:
1300:
1665:
1615:
1680:
1525:
1310:
1290:
1725:
1650:
1796:
1670:
1655:
1595:
1520:
1285:
1771:
1660:
1630:
1858:
1791:
1715:
1700:
1685:
1600:
587:
1705:
1305:
2201:
2063:
1751:
1605:
1415:
1326:
1295:
777:
602:
543:
536:
531:
438:
430:
410:
351:
195:
1720:
1675:
1504:
581:
Brunelleschi's influence on Michelozzo is evident in the palazzo's design, especially in the late-medieval
2098:
2010:
1979:
1420:
1389:
1280:
1272:
1262:
1234:
787:
782:
515:
434:
1640:
511:
2243:
1898:
1756:
1560:
1208:
582:
377:
282:
278:
2150:
1838:
1530:
1203:
480:
711:
2266:
2261:
1984:
1959:
1942:
1932:
1812:
1781:
1776:
1635:
1610:
1193:
1156:
622:
preference for large, unadorned surfaces, subtly articulated by necessary structural members in grey
547:
363:
207:
180:
101:
83:
2237:
2191:
2145:
1331:
1042:
731:
716:
618:
617:
Reconstruction included the church, sacristy, cloister, monastic living quarters, and the library.
606:
390:
305:
2196:
1817:
772:
700:
258:
31:
2229:
1458:
1438:
1964:
1937:
1625:
1453:
1443:
977:
942:
839:
738:
575:
373:
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, from Cimabue to Our Times
329:
308:. In 1428, together with Donatello, Michelozzo erected an open-air pulpit at an angle of the
2186:
2176:
2135:
1645:
1468:
1383:
1352:
1249:
1228:
1114:
876:
Donatello & Michelozzo: An Artistic Partnership and its Patrons in the Early Renaissance
321:
286:
274:
262:
184:
753:
Michelozzo's artistic idiom in addition to that of Brunelleschi, and later, of Donatello."
570:
and the smooth masonry of the upper storey." The exterior also differs from the palazzo in
2047:
2031:
1463:
1172:
1149:
1118:
Donatello and Michelozzo: an artistic partnership and its patrons in the early Renaissance
1049:
495:
398:
394:
236:
176:
1131:
La scoperta di un Michelozzo inedito: una scala dimenticata nel convento dell’Annunziata
346:
17:
2171:
2166:
1989:
1884:
1695:
1448:
659:
631:
422:
385:
367:
2255:
1761:
1582:
1076:
1071:
696:
623:
571:
555:
297:
2130:
1947:
1905:
1893:
1766:
1730:
590:, which is symptomatically Brunelleschi's earliest and most un-Vitruvian building.
134:
2236:
2140:
2114:
2068:
1879:
1394:
1357:
244:
240:
172:
144:
650:. In designing the Santissima Annunziata, Michelozzo followed the model of the
55:
1377:
1347:
1213:
488:
265:. In addition, Michelozzo possessed a house and garden in S. Domino a Brozzi.
2224:
2088:
2005:
1969:
406:
293:
203:
188:
168:
164:
130:
658:, making the inner plan round, creating a dome that was as hemispheric the
1843:
746:
742:
720:
610:
228:
224:
199:
97:
79:
1089:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 371.
2181:
1848:
402:
38:
491:, first as his Chamberlain and then as his Secretary and Referendary.
1833:
727:
232:
Giovanni quarter, where they continued to live throughout his life.
1141:
1070:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
710:
601:
530:
317:
313:
171:. Considered one of the great pioneers of architecture during the
120:
261:, which was near the Medici Palace and next door to the humanist
655:
550:
and gave his preference to Michelozzo. Like the exterior of the
250:
Beginning in the early 1420s, Michelozzo became a member of the
1145:
459:
indicates a considerable rise in Michelozzo's social position.
976:. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division.
487:. In 1500, he was made a Florentine canon and was employed by
737:
One of the most influential, yet unknown, architects of the
2218:
The Gubbio Studiolo and its conservation, volumes 1 & 2
316:, designed for the regular public displays of their famous
974:"The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 1390-1460"
381:
which was well after Michelozzo's departure from Venice.
296:, Michelozzo assisted in the building of the sacristy of
1008:. New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd, London. p. 29.
889:
Krautheimer, Richard; Krautheimer-Hess, Trude (1982) .
838:. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 537–538.
409:
for the use of Florentine pilgrims, Cosimo's summer
2159:
2123:
2107:
2081:
2056:
2040:
2019:
1998:
1925:
1918:
1872:
1826:
1805:
1739:
1581:
1574:
1539:
1513:
1482:
1366:
1340:
1319:
1271:
1248:
1186:
1179:
150:
140:
126:
116:
108:
90:
65:
46:
518:as the Second Chancellor of the Republic in 1513.
1043:What to visit in Stagno. Croatian tourist website
202:, he is often overshadowed by his contemporaries
187:in his early years, and later collaborated with
1024:Saalman, Howard (1966). "Michelozzo Studies".
1157:
1124:Michelozzo: scultore e architetto (1396–1472)
943:"I Luoghi della Fede: Chiesa di San Girolamo"
630:certainly by 1443 when it was consecrated by
479:Bernardo became a member of the household of
8:
273:Beginning in 1420, Michelozzo studied under
1107:Ferrara, Miranda, and Francesco Quinterio.
1006:The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance
914:Architecture in Italy, 1400-1500, Volume 53
695:From 1461 through 1464, he constructed the
429:, Cosimo's son, he also built a very large
362:Michelozzo enjoyed a close relationship to
154:Francesca di Ambrogio Galigari (7 children)
1922:
1578:
1547:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici
1183:
1164:
1150:
1142:
433:. Between 1445 and 1451, he also expanded
179:architect who was extensively employed by
54:
43:
1129:Carchio, Maria, and Roberto Manescalchi,
345:
1133:, Firenze: Ananke n°43, September 2004.
799:
703:, the largest medieval wall in Europe.
163:(1396 – 7 October 1472) was an Italian
498:from a young age and took part in the
366:throughout his life, and according to
1019:
1017:
1015:
912:Heydenreich, Ludwig Heinrich (1974).
829:
827:
825:
823:
285:, along with the silver statuette of
7:
2247:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1004:Frommel, Christoph Luitpold (2007).
999:
997:
995:
993:
916:. Yale University Press. p. 30.
907:
905:
903:
901:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
494:Like Bernardo, Niccolò studied with
252:Arte dei Maestri di Pietra e Legname
768:Tomb of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci
161:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi
70:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi
2094:Crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany
1926:Painters, sculptors and architects
1104:, 2 vols. New York: Garland, 1977.
638:Choir of the Santissima Annunziata
25:
2238:"Michelozzo di Bartolommeo"
2235:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
953:from the original on 21 June 2017
417:that he rebuilt from 1452 as the
2297:Italian people of French descent
1999:Poets and other literary figures
1559:
1063:
506:and continued in the post under
2277:15th-century Italian architects
834:Caplow, Harriet McNeal (1977).
542:When Cosimo began building the
2287:15th-century Italian sculptors
2282:Italian Renaissance architects
194:Known primarily for designing
27:Italian architect and sculptor
1:
2177:Stories set to music: "opera"
73:
1126:. Florence: Centro Di, 1997.
1111:. Florence: Salimbeni, 1984.
1953:Michelangelo and the Medici
1797:Palazzo Medici di Ottaviano
1747:Casino Mediceo di San Marco
763:Tomb of Antipope John XXIII
419:Villa Medicea di Cafaggiolo
175:, Michelozzo was a favored
60:Fra Angelico's "Deposition"
2318:
2020:Humanists and philosophers
1772:Palazzo Medici Tornaquinci
1120:. London: H. Miller, 1980.
895:, p. 87 and 408, Dig. 100.
281:in Florence, opposite the
36:
29:
1557:
1521:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
1204:Lorenzo "The Magnificent"
1081:Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
874:Lightbrown, R.W. (1980).
861:Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
859:Fabriczy, Cornelius von.
670:In the May 1966 issue of
441:at the behest of Cosimo.
53:
2272:Architects from Florence
1109:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
1100:Caplow, Harriet McNeal.
972:Martines, Lauro (2011).
929:Magni Cosmi Medicei Vita
927:Fabroni, Angelo (1789).
878:. London: Harvey Miller.
546:in 1444, he passed over
512:Arte dei Giucidi e notai
337:Influences and patronage
310:Cathedral of St. Stephen
37:Not to be confused with
18:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
1752:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
1483:Bishops and archbishops
1086:Encyclopædia Britannica
1026:The Burlington Magazine
778:Palazzo dello Strozzino
672:The Burlington Magazine
588:Spedale degli Innocenti
537:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
223:Michelozzo was born in
196:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
30:For the racehorse, see
2292:Italian male sculptors
2099:Order of Saint Stephen
1980:Antonio del Pollaiuolo
1273:Grand Dukes of Tuscany
783:San Girolamo, Volterra
723:
613:
539:
355:
112:Monastery of San Marco
2244:Catholic Encyclopedia
2230:Artist Biography site
1899:Cappella dei Principi
1806:Fountains and gardens
1258:Alessandro "The Moor"
1240:Alessandro "The Moor"
714:
605:
534:
378:San Giorgio Monastery
349:
302:St. Louis of Toulouse
2064:Emilio de' Cavalieri
2027:Pico della Mirandola
1985:Jacopo della Quercia
1960:Bernardo Buontalenti
1943:Filippo Brunelleschi
1933:Bartolomeo Ammannati
1782:Palazzo delle Vedove
1214:Giovanni, Pope Leo X
1115:Lightbown, Ronald W.
514:and later succeeded
481:Lorenzo il Magnifico
445:Filippo Brunelleschi
413:, and the fortified
183:. He was a pupil of
102:Republic of Florence
84:Republic of Florence
2089:Medici coat of arms
2011:Niccolò Machiavelli
1474:Vincenzo II Gonzaga
947:web.rete.toscana.it
691:Other notable works
516:Niccolò Machiavelli
427:Giovanni de' Medici
306:Antipope John XXIII
2302:Catholic sculptors
1818:Villa di Pratolino
1194:Cosimo "The Elder"
1048:2012-01-18 at the
788:Villa San Girolamo
773:Walls of Dubrovnik
724:
614:
560:primus inter pares
540:
489:Giovanni de Medici
435:Villa San Girolamo
356:
32:Michelozzo (horse)
2212:
2211:
2151:Arazzeria Medicea
2077:
2076:
1965:Leonardo da Vinci
1938:Sandro Botticelli
1914:
1913:
1854:San Piero a Sieve
1555:
1554:
1454:Bernardo Salviati
1444:Giovanni Salviati
1250:Dukes of Florence
1209:Piero "The Brief"
1199:Piero "The Gouty"
1187:Lords of Florence
739:Early Renaissance
576:Temple of Serapis
535:The courtyard of
364:Cosimo dei Medici
342:Cosimo dei Medici
330:Sagrestia Vecchia
210:in architecture.
206:in sculpture and
181:Cosimo de' Medici
158:
157:
145:Early Renaissance
16:(Redirected from
2309:
2248:
2240:
2187:Pazzi conspiracy
2146:Venus de' Medici
2136:Medici porcelain
2006:Agnolo Poliziano
1923:
1681:Poggio Imperiale
1579:
1569:
1563:
1495:Bernardo Antonio
1469:Ferrante Gonzaga
1320:Queens of France
1184:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1090:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1055:
1054:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1001:
988:
987:
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
939:
933:
932:
924:
918:
917:
909:
896:
894:
891:Lorenzo Ghiberti
886:
880:
879:
871:
865:
864:
863:. pp. 59ff.
856:
850:
849:
831:
707:Death and legacy
644:Lodovico Gonzaga
642:Commissioned by
552:Palazzo Comunale
508:Piero di Lorenzo
500:Platonic Academy
483:as the tutor of
431:villa at Fiesole
411:villa at Careggi
322:Girdle of Thomas
287:John the Baptist
275:Lorenzo Ghiberti
263:Bartolomeo Scala
185:Lorenzo Ghiberti
75:
58:
44:
21:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2252:
2251:
2234:
2213:
2208:
2155:
2119:
2103:
2073:
2052:
2048:Galileo Galilei
2036:
2032:Marsilio Ficino
2015:
1994:
1910:
1868:
1822:
1813:Medici fountain
1801:
1735:
1621:Poggio a Caiano
1570:
1565:
1564:
1551:
1535:
1509:
1478:
1464:Lorenzo Strozzi
1459:Niccolò Ridolfi
1439:Luigi de' Rossi
1433:
1426:Francesco Maria
1362:
1336:
1315:
1267:
1244:
1175:
1173:House of Medici
1170:
1140:
1097:
1095:Further reading
1079:, ed. (1911). "
1075:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:Wayback Machine
1041:
1037:
1032:(758): 242–250.
1023:
1022:
1013:
1003:
1002:
991:
984:
971:
970:
966:
956:
954:
941:
940:
936:
926:
925:
921:
911:
910:
899:
888:
887:
883:
873:
872:
868:
858:
857:
853:
846:
833:
832:
801:
796:
759:
709:
693:
668:
640:
600:
529:
524:
504:Piero di Cosimo
485:Piero de Medici
469:
456:
447:
395:Palazzo Vecchio
344:
339:
271:
269:Apprenticeships
237:Florentine mint
221:
216:
104:
95:
86:
77:
72:
71:
61:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2232:
2227:
2225:Firenze by Net
2222:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Galilean moons
2169:
2167:Medici giraffe
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1990:Giorgio Vasari
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1885:Medici Chapels
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:Palazzo Madama
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Montevettolini
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:Innocenzo Cybo
1446:
1441:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1139:
1138:External links
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1077:Chisholm, Hugh
1057:
1056:
1035:
1011:
989:
983:978-1442611825
982:
964:
934:
931:. p. 154.
919:
897:
881:
866:
851:
844:
798:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
758:
755:
708:
705:
692:
689:
684:foglie d'acqua
667:
664:
652:Minerva Medica
639:
636:
599:
596:
544:Palazzo Medici
528:
527:Palazzo Medici
525:
523:
520:
468:
465:
455:
452:
446:
443:
386:Palazzo Medici
368:Giorgio Vasari
352:Palazzo Medici
350:The facade of
343:
340:
338:
335:
270:
267:
220:
217:
215:
212:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
128:
127:Known for
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
96:
94:7 October 1472
92:
88:
87:
78:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2314:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Palazzo Pitti
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Cerreto Guidi
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Collesalvetti
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1567:Festina Lente
1562:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:(Clement VII)
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Ferdinando II
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:(Clement VII)
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:public domain
1061:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
990:
985:
979:
975:
968:
965:
952:
948:
944:
938:
935:
930:
923:
920:
915:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
892:
885:
882:
877:
870:
867:
862:
855:
852:
847:
845:0-8240-2678-0
841:
837:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
800:
793:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
750:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
722:
718:
713:
706:
704:
702:
698:
697:Walls of Ston
690:
688:
685:
680:
677:
673:
665:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
635:
633:
627:
625:
624:pietra serena
620:
612:
608:
604:
597:
595:
591:
589:
584:
579:
577:
573:
572:Montepulciano
569:
565:
564:pater patriae
561:
557:
556:Montefiascone
553:
549:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
477:
473:
466:
464:
460:
454:Personal life
453:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
382:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
360:
353:
348:
341:
336:
334:
331:
327:
326:Sacra Cintola
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:Santa Trinita
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
255:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
233:
230:
226:
218:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
109:Resting place
107:
103:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2242:
2217:
2131:Medici lions
2108:Institutions
1974:
1948:Michelangelo
1906:Old Sacristy
1894:New Sacristy
1767:Villa Medici
1691:L'Ambrogiana
1676:Arena Metato
1566:
1526:Don Giovanni
1434:
1416:Giovan Carlo
1406:Ferdinando I
1373:
1311:Gian Gastone
1291:Ferdinando I
1130:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1084:
1053:(in Italian)
1038:
1029:
1025:
1005:
973:
967:
955:. Retrieved
946:
937:
928:
922:
913:
890:
884:
875:
869:
860:
854:
835:
751:
736:
734:, Florence.
726:In spite of
725:
715:Cloister of
694:
683:
681:
675:
671:
669:
647:
641:
628:
615:
592:
580:
568:piano nobile
567:
563:
559:
548:Brunelleschi
541:
493:
478:
474:
470:
461:
457:
448:
439:Villa Medici
414:
383:
371:
361:
357:
325:
291:
272:
256:
249:
234:
222:
208:Brunelleschi
193:
160:
159:
135:Architecture
2267:1472 deaths
2262:1396 births
2141:Medici Vase
2115:Medici Bank
2069:Jacopo Peri
1889:San Lorenzo
1880:Magi Chapel
1514:Condottieri
1435:female line
1353:Clement VII
1286:Francesco I
666:Santa Croce
632:Pope Eugene
354:in Florence
245:Renaissance
173:Renaissance
117:Nationality
2256:Categories
2192:Savonarola
2041:Scientists
1975:Michelozzo
1827:Fortresses
1671:Marignolle
1651:Camugliano
1646:La Petraia
1641:Spedaletto
1631:Mezzomonte
1591:Cafaggiolo
1395:Alessandro
1306:Cosimo III
1224:Lorenzo II
1102:Michelozzo
957:7 February
836:Michelozzo
794:References
648:all'antica
578:in Rome."
399:Dominicans
384:The large
283:Baptistery
219:Early life
48:Michelozzo
2197:TV series
2057:Musicians
1970:Donatello
1919:Patronage
1726:Seravezza
1661:La Topaia
1611:La Quiete
1575:Buildings
1540:Genealogy
1431:Francesco
1374:male line
1367:Cardinals
1296:Cosimo II
732:San Marco
717:San Marco
619:San Marco
607:San Marco
598:San Marco
407:Jerusalem
294:Donatello
259:Via Larga
204:Donatello
189:Donatello
165:architect
131:Sculpture
2202:episodes
2082:Heraldry
1864:Volterra
1844:Piombino
1839:Grosseto
1792:Materdei
1716:Artimino
1696:La MĂ gia
1626:Castello
1500:Giuliano
1421:Leopoldo
1401:Giovanni
1397:(Leo XI)
1390:Ippolito
1378:Giovanni
1327:Caterina
1281:Cosimo I
1263:Cosimo I
1235:Ippolito
1219:Giuliano
1046:Archived
951:Archived
757:See also
747:Dalmatia
743:Lombardy
721:Florence
660:Pantheon
611:Florence
467:Children
437:next to
415:castello
241:Medieval
229:Burgundy
225:Florence
200:Florence
169:sculptor
141:Movement
98:Florence
80:Florence
2182:Albizzi
2160:Related
1873:Chapels
1849:Pistoia
1777:Livorno
1740:Palaces
1706:Coltano
1701:Liliano
1686:Lapeggi
1656:Stabbia
1606:Fiesole
1601:Careggi
1596:Trebbio
1531:Mattias
1490:Filippo
1380:(Leo X)
1074::
423:Mugello
403:Fiesole
121:Italian
39:Melozzo
1834:Arezzo
1731:Madama
1636:Agnano
1583:Villas
1505:Zanobi
1384:Giulio
1358:Leo XI
1229:Giulio
1180:People
1068:
980:
842:
728:Vasari
701:Ragusa
583:bifora
496:Ficino
425:. For
391:Gothic
320:, the
292:Under
177:Medici
151:Spouse
1859:Siena
1411:Carlo
1348:Leo X
1341:Popes
1332:Maria
522:Works
318:relic
314:Prato
279:Duomo
1787:Pisa
1721:Buti
978:ISBN
959:2018
840:ISBN
745:and
656:Rome
562:and
243:and
214:Life
167:and
91:Died
76:1396
66:Born
2124:Art
1083:".
1030:108
719:in
699:in
676:did
654:in
609:in
554:in
421:in
401:of
370:in
312:at
198:in
2258::
2241:.
1887:,
1437::
1376::
1028:.
1014:^
992:^
949:.
945:.
900:^
802:^
749:.
191:.
133:,
100:,
82:,
74:c.
1165:e
1158:t
1151:v
986:.
961:.
848:.
324:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
