1030:
947:
992:
962:
917:
1045:
246:
1075:
1060:
902:
932:
1557:
977:
1579:
65:
of continental fragments can be up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) thick and can overlay two to three crustal layers. Continental fragments have an average crustal density of 2.81 g/cm (0.102 lb/cu in) which is very similar to that of typical continental crust.
418:"Microcontinent" was initially the broader term, because it was defined morphologically rather than genetically (in terms of genesis or origin). Scrutton, Roger A. (1976) "Microcontinents and Their Significance" pp. 177–189
128:, are composed largely of granitic rock as well, but all continents contain both granitic and basaltic crust, and there is no clear dividing line between islands and microcontinents under such a definition. The
75:
cause the fragmentation of microcontinents. The zones link the extensional zones where continental pieces are already isolated through the remaining continental bridges. Additionally, they facilitate quick
183:
is home to numerous microcontinents with complex geology and tectonics. This makes it complicated to classify landmasses and determine causation for the formation of the landmass. These include southern
61:
intrusions to the crust. Studies have determined that the average crustal thickness of continental fragments is approximately 24.8 ± 5.7 kilometres (15.4 ± 3.5 mi). The
781:
R. A. J. Trouw; C. W. Passchier; L. S. A. Simőes; R. R. Andreis; C. M. Valeriano (1997). "Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the South Orkney
Microcontinent, Scotia arc, Antarctica".
865:
57:. The rifting process that caused the continental fragments to form most likely impacts their layers and overall thickness along with the addition of
45:
that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.
733:
590:
461:
431:
144:
and was for a time above water, so it is considered a microcontinent, though not a continental fragment. Other hotspot islands such as the
834:
88:
patterns that slice the portion of continent into detachable slivers. The continental fragments are located at various angles from their
434:. But, using Scrutton's definition, "microcontinent" is a narrower term, excluding aseismic ridges of continental material, such as the
858:
479:"Future accreted terranes: a compilation of island arcs, oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges, seamounts, and continental fragments"
1609:
1567:
1473:
851:
176:
749:
1433:
152:
are considered neither microcontinents nor continental fragments. Not all islands can be considered microcontinents:
605:
1378:
1368:
1121:
377:
309:
301:
117:
687:"Tectonic Development of the Indonesian Archipelago and its Bearing on the Occurrence of Hydrocarbons: ABSTRACT"
1614:
1587:
1353:
439:
283:
168:, for example, are each within the continental shelf of an adjacent continent, separated from the mainland by
1410:
1405:
750:"Socotra Archipelago – a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey"
277:
109:
72:
1348:
133:
1233:
1141:
951:
946:
528:"Mechanisms of microcontinent release associated with wrenching-involved continental break-up; a review"
245:
161:
1218:
790:
643:
539:
490:
229:
169:
149:
632:"From microcontinents to extensional allochthons: witnesses of how continents rift and break apart?"
1619:
1582:
1529:
1319:
1278:
631:
271:
77:
53:
Continental fragments and microcontinent crustal compositions are very similar to those of regular
1437:
1283:
1263:
816:
686:
667:
563:
398:, a continent that will form in 3 to 20 million years time because of its breakoff with mainland
1556:
702:
1504:
1358:
1323:
729:
706:
659:
586:
555:
508:
457:
427:
395:
382:
295:
137:
129:
113:
54:
1519:
1183:
806:
798:
698:
651:
547:
527:
498:
259:
193:
145:
1509:
1479:
1420:
1243:
435:
316:
189:
89:
81:
69:
794:
647:
543:
494:
1441:
1161:
1115:
254:
213:
312: – A Precambrian microcontinent that broke away as India and Madagascar separated
304: – A microcontinent underlying the Seychelles Islands in the western Indian Ocean
179:
are considered continental fragments, although this designation is controversial. The
1603:
1458:
996:
991:
981:
976:
671:
567:
337:
185:
157:
125:
820:
526:
Nemčok, M.; Sinha, S. T.; Doré, A. G.; Lundin, E. R.; Mascle, J.; Rybár, S. (2016).
1561:
1514:
1248:
1223:
1034:
1029:
265:
209:
205:
617:
1415:
1383:
1373:
217:
180:
85:
17:
1453:
1363:
1343:
1193:
921:
916:
802:
606:
UT Austin scientist plays major rule in study of underwater "micro-continent".
369:
289:
710:
663:
559:
512:
1524:
1493:
1388:
1338:
1258:
1253:
1198:
1131:
874:
764:
655:
352:
165:
42:
503:
478:
249:
Azores
Plateau, a continental fragment located in the North Atlantic Ocean
1448:
1333:
1238:
1213:
1203:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1126:
1049:
1044:
331:
197:
141:
101:
62:
1468:
1463:
1228:
1208:
1188:
1156:
1146:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1059:
835:"Africa is Splitting into Two Continents and May Open a Vast New Ocean"
811:
373:
343:
34:
843:
1499:
1268:
966:
961:
906:
901:
551:
399:
153:
105:
1273:
878:
327:
323:
244:
225:
221:
121:
58:
346: – Largest of four islands of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen
936:
931:
365:
241:
Continental fragments (pieces of
Pangaea smaller than Australia)
201:
847:
262: – Continental fragment seamount southeast of New Zealand
340: – Bathymetric feature northwest of Scotland and Ireland
80:
across narrow zones and near-vertical strike-slip-dominated
442:, which could still be considered "continental fragments".
355: – Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania
280: – Continental fragment seamount west of New Zealand
724:
Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996).
581:
Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996).
452:
Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996).
274: – Submerged microcontinent south east of Tasmania
298: – Submarine plateau in the western Indian Ocean
630:
PĂ©ron-Pinvidic, Gwenn; Manatschal, Gianreto (2010).
585:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. pp. 27–29.
456:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. pp. 41–43.
385: – Oceanic plateau in the southern Indian Ocean
319: – Undersea bathymetric high west of Australia
236:List of continental fragments and microcontinents
140:; however, it was associated with the breakup of
728:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 41.
532:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
426:American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.,
286: – Atlantic fragment of continental crust
859:
334:formed via the subduction of a microcontinent
27:Part of a continent broken from its main mass
8:
703:10.1306/a25fe8fb-171b-11d7-8645000102c1865d
477:Tetreault, J. L.; Buiter, S. J. H. (2014).
360:Other microcontinents (formed post-Pangaea)
268: – Oceanic plateau in the Indian Ocean
1307:
1302:
1102:
1097:
1019:
1014:
891:
886:
866:
852:
844:
330:, and other islands of eastern Indonesia;
292: – Island country in the Indian Ocean
810:
757:Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae
502:
124:. Other islands, such as several in the
726:The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku
583:The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku
454:The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku
411:
763:(supplementum 2): 1–26. Archived from
100:Some microcontinents are fragments of
7:
618:Sci/Tech 'Lost continent' discovered
424:Geodynamics: Progress and Prospects
422:Drake, Charles L. (1976) (editor)
25:
1578:
1577:
1555:
1073:
1058:
1043:
1028:
990:
975:
960:
945:
930:
915:
900:
1401:Possible future supercontinents
175:Several islands in the eastern
1:
108:continents; examples include
31:Continental crustal fragments
1179:Other prehistoric continents
349:South Orkney microcontinent
1636:
685:T. O. Simanjuntak (1994).
1547:
1305:
1301:
1100:
1096:
1017:
1013:
889:
885:
803:10.1017/S0016756897007036
302:Seychelles Microcontinent
118:Seychelles Microcontinent
1588:Chronology of continents
284:Jan Mayen Microcontinent
656:10.1144/1354-079309-903
620:Retrieved on 2007-07-03
608:Retrieved on 2007-07-03
278:Joseph Gilbert Seamount
1349:Great Australian Bight
504:10.5194/se-5-1243-2014
390:Future microcontinents
250:
177:Indonesian Archipelago
172:flooding its margins.
134:large igneous province
1610:Continental fragments
376:, and other granitic
248:
136:formed by a volcanic
116:, which includes the
1573:Continental fragment
1568:Regions of the world
636:Petroleum Geoscience
120:; and the island of
1530:Indian Subcontinent
1320:Submerged continent
795:1997GeoM..134..383T
783:Geological Magazine
648:2010PetGe..16..189P
544:2016GSLSP.431..323N
495:2014SolE....5.1243T
272:East Tasman Plateau
1311:
1106:
1023:
895:
251:
1597:
1596:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1359:Kerguelen Plateau
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
735:978-962-593-076-3
592:978-962-593-076-3
463:978-962-593-076-3
432:978-0-87590-203-6
383:Kerguelen Plateau
378:Caribbean islands
296:Mascarene Plateau
130:Kerguelen Plateau
114:Mascarene Plateau
104:or other ancient
63:sedimentary layer
55:continental crust
16:(Redirected from
1627:
1581:
1580:
1562:World portal
1560:
1559:
1497:
1446:
1403:
1331:
1308:
1303:
1181:
1119:
1103:
1098:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1020:
1015:
994:
979:
964:
949:
934:
919:
904:
892:
887:
868:
861:
854:
845:
839:
838:
831:
825:
824:
814:
778:
772:
771:
769:
754:
746:
740:
739:
721:
715:
714:
682:
676:
675:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
596:
578:
572:
571:
552:10.1144/SP431.14
523:
517:
516:
506:
489:(2): 1243–1275.
474:
468:
467:
449:
443:
416:
260:Bollons Seamount
146:Hawaiian Islands
90:transform faults
78:crustal thinning
41:, are pieces of
21:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1615:Plate tectonics
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1554:
1539:
1534:
1520:Eastern Siberia
1510:Central America
1498:
1491:
1485:
1480:Terra Australis
1447:
1431:
1425:
1421:Pangaea Proxima
1404:
1399:
1393:
1332:
1328:microcontinents
1317:
1293:
1288:
1234:East Antarctica
1182:
1177:
1171:
1120:
1116:supercontinents
1112:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1033:
1005:
1000:
995:
985:
980:
970:
965:
955:
950:
940:
935:
925:
920:
910:
905:
881:
872:
842:
837:. 7 March 2023.
833:
832:
828:
780:
779:
775:
767:
752:
748:
747:
743:
736:
723:
722:
718:
684:
683:
679:
629:
628:
624:
616:
612:
604:
600:
593:
580:
579:
575:
525:
524:
520:
476:
475:
471:
464:
451:
450:
446:
440:Jan Mayen Ridge
436:Lomonosov Ridge
417:
413:
409:
392:
362:
338:Rockall Plateau
317:Wallaby Plateau
243:
238:
112:; the northern
98:
84:. They develop
51:
39:microcontinents
28:
23:
22:
18:Microcontinents
15:
12:
11:
5:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Eastern Africa
1512:
1507:
1502:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1069:
1056:
1054:
1041:
1039:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
988:
986:
973:
971:
958:
956:
943:
941:
928:
926:
913:
911:
898:
896:
890:
883:
882:
873:
871:
870:
863:
856:
848:
841:
840:
826:
789:(3): 383–401.
773:
770:on 2013-11-11.
741:
734:
716:
677:
642:(3): 189–197.
622:
610:
598:
591:
573:
538:(1): 323–359.
518:
469:
462:
444:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
391:
388:
387:
386:
380:
361:
358:
357:
356:
350:
347:
341:
335:
320:
313:
307:
306:
305:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
255:Azores Plateau
242:
239:
237:
234:
97:
94:
50:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1632:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:Subcontinents
1490:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Kumari Kandam
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
999:
998:
997:South America
993:
987:
984:
983:
982:North America
978:
972:
969:
968:
963:
957:
954:
953:
948:
942:
939:
938:
933:
927:
924:
923:
918:
912:
909:
908:
903:
897:
894:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
849:
846:
836:
830:
827:
822:
818:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
774:
766:
762:
758:
751:
745:
742:
737:
731:
727:
720:
717:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:AAPG Bulletin
688:
681:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
602:
599:
594:
588:
584:
577:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
519:
514:
510:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
473:
470:
465:
459:
455:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
412:
406:
401:
397:
394:
393:
389:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
363:
359:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
303:
300:
299:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
247:
240:
235:
233:
231:
230:Nusa Tenggara
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:British Isles
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:Caribbean Sea
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
95:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
48:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1572:
1553:
1492:
1478:
1442:hypothesised
1432:
1400:
1327:
1318:
1249:Kazakhstania
1224:Congo Craton
1178:
1114:Prehistoric
1113:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1035:Afro-Eurasia
1027:
989:
974:
959:
944:
929:
914:
899:
829:
786:
782:
776:
765:the original
760:
756:
744:
725:
719:
694:
690:
680:
639:
635:
625:
613:
601:
582:
576:
535:
531:
521:
486:
482:
472:
453:
447:
423:
419:
414:
266:Broken Ridge
194:Sulu Islands
174:
162:Newfoundland
99:
68:
52:
38:
30:
29:
1416:Novopangaea
1284:South China
1264:North China
812:11449/36781
483:Solid Earth
181:archipelago
170:inland seas
86:fault-block
73:fault zones
70:Strike-slip
1620:Continents
1604:Categories
1552:See also:
1454:Hyperborea
1444:continents
1379:Seychelles
1364:Madagascar
1344:Doggerland
1239:Euramerica
1194:Asiamerica
922:Antarctica
875:Continents
407:References
370:Hispaniola
290:Madagascar
110:Madagascar
43:continents
35:synonymous
1525:Greenland
1389:Zealandia
1354:Jan Mayen
1339:Cathaysia
1259:Laurentia
1254:Laramidia
1244:Kalaharia
1199:Atlantica
1132:Kenorland
952:Australia
711:0149-1423
672:131142997
664:1354-0793
568:131615662
560:0305-8719
513:1869-9529
353:Zealandia
322:Possibly
315:Parts of
212:complex (
166:Sri Lanka
33:, partly
1583:Category
1449:Atlantis
1434:Mythical
1369:Mauritia
1334:Beringia
1219:Cimmeria
1214:Chilenia
1204:Avalonia
1184:Amazonia
1167:Vaalbara
1152:Pannotia
1137:Laurasia
1127:Gondwana
1122:Columbia
1050:Americas
821:53705372
438:and the
332:Sulawesi
310:Mauritia
198:Sulawesi
142:Gondwana
106:cratonic
102:Gondwana
1469:Meropis
1464:Lemuria
1279:Siberia
1229:Cuyania
1209:Baltica
1189:Arctica
1157:Rodinia
1147:Pangaea
1080:Oceania
1065:Eurasia
791:Bibcode
644:Bibcode
540:Bibcode
491:Bibcode
374:Jamaica
344:Socotra
200:), the
190:Banggai
150:Iceland
138:hotspot
96:History
1505:Arabia
1500:Alaska
1440:, and
1411:Aurica
1406:Amasia
1269:Pampia
967:Europe
907:Africa
819:
732:
709:
670:
662:
589:
566:
558:
511:
460:
430:
400:Africa
224:, and
214:Maluku
164:, and
156:, the
154:Borneo
82:faults
49:Causes
1384:Sunda
1374:Sahul
1324:lands
1274:Sahul
879:Earth
817:S2CID
768:(PDF)
753:(PDF)
668:S2CID
564:S2CID
328:Timor
324:Sumba
226:Timor
222:Sumba
210:Ambon
206:Seram
186:Bacan
132:is a
122:Timor
59:mafic
37:with
1438:lost
1326:and
1142:Nena
937:Asia
730:ISBN
707:ISSN
660:ISSN
587:ISBN
556:ISSN
509:ISSN
458:ISBN
428:ISBN
396:Ajan
366:Cuba
202:Buru
148:and
877:of
807:hdl
799:doi
787:134
699:doi
652:doi
548:doi
536:431
499:doi
218:Obi
216:),
1606::
1474:Mu
1436:,
1162:Ur
815:.
805:.
797:.
785:.
761:52
759:.
755:.
705:.
697:.
695:78
693:.
689:.
666:.
658:.
650:.
640:16
638:.
634:.
562:.
554:.
546:.
534:.
530:.
507:.
497:.
485:.
481:.
420:In
372:,
368:,
326:,
232:)
220:,
188:,
160:,
92:.
1322:/
867:e
860:t
853:v
823:.
809::
801::
793::
738:.
713:.
701::
674:.
654::
646::
595:.
570:.
550::
542::
515:.
501::
493::
487:5
466:.
402:.
228:(
208:-
204:-
196:(
192:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.