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Intel characterized the vulnerabilities as "low-to-medium" impact, disagreeing with the security researchers who characterized them as major, and disagreeing with their recommendation that operating system software manufacturers should completely disable
618:
385:
with Intel, published the discovery of the MDS vulnerabilities in Intel microprocessors, which they named
Fallout, RIDL and ZombieLoad. Three of the TU Graz researchers were from the group who had discovered
1600:
1620:
1131:
866:"Intel: You don't need to disable Hyper-Threading to protect against the ZombieLoad CPU exploit - "ZombieLoad" exploit seems to put Intel's Hyper-Threading at risk of being put down"
1032:
Minkin, Marina; Moghimi, Daniel; Lipp, Moritz; Schwarz, Michael; Van Bulck, Jo; Genkin, Daniel; Gruss, Daniel; Piessens, Frank; Sunar, Berk; Yarom, Yuval (2019-05-14).
417:. Nevertheless, the ZombieLoad vulnerability can be used by hackers exploiting the vulnerability to steal information recently accessed by the affected microprocessor.
2777:
366:, Intel's researchers discovered the vulnerabilities in 2018 before anyone else. Other researchers had agreed to keep the exploit confidential as well since 2018.
1286:
1020:
van Schaik, Stephan; Milburn, Alyssa; Österlund, Sebastian; Frigo, Pietro; Maisuradze, Giorgi; Razavi, Kaveh; Bos, Herbert; Giuffrida, Cristiano (2019-05-14).
1772:
1312:
1124:
1590:
1080:
279:, and leak data across protection boundaries that are architecturally supposed to be secure. The attacks exploiting the vulnerabilities have been labeled
1534:
441:
are necessary. As of 14 May 2019, applying available updates on an affected PC system was the most that could be done to mitigate the issues.
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20:
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1008:
Schwarz, Michael; Lipp, Moritz; Moghimi, Daniel; Van Bulck, Jo; Stecklina, Julian; Prescher, Thomas; Gruss, Daniel (2019-05-14).
391:
405:
According to varying reports, Intel processors dating back to 2011 or 2008 are affected, and the fixes may be associated with a
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220:
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1498:
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311:, which is where the processor tries to guess what instructions may be needed next. They exploit the possibility of reading
409:
drop. Intel reported that processors manufactured in the month before the disclosure have mitigations against the attacks.
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On 12 November 2019, a new variant of the ZombieLoad attack, called
Transactional Asynchronous Abort, was disclosed.
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2004:
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Intel incorporated fixes in its processors starting shortly before the public announcement of the vulnerabilities.
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839:"Benchmarking AMD FX vs. Intel Sandy/Ivy Bridge CPUs Following Spectre, Meltdown, L1TF, Zombieload"
165:
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2009:
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39:
Logo designed for the vulnerabilities, featuring a wounded hand holding a broken microprocessor.
34:
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2019:
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50:
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2087:
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976:"Apple, Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Mozilla release patches for ZombieLoad chip flaws"
475:
published a security advisory on its website detailing its plans to mitigate ZombieLoad.
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1994:
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On 14 May 2019, various groups of security researchers, amongst others from
Austria's
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737:"True to its name, Intel CPU flaw ZombieLoad comes shuffling back with new variant"
449:
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595:
Let's Talk To Linux Kernel
Developer Greg Kroah-Hartman | Open Source Summit, 2019
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533:"Meltdown Redux: Intel Flaw Lets Hackers Siphon Secrets from Millions of PCs"
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2014:
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1395:
787:"New secret-spilling flaw affects almost every Intel chip since 2011"
613:
468:
released emergency patches for their products to mitigate ZombieLoad.
457:
1044:
Galowicz, Jacek; Prescher, Thomas; Stecklina, Julian (2019-05-14).
2330:
2270:
2240:
1549:
537:
472:
140:
341:
Microarchitectural Data
Sampling Uncacheable Memory (MDSUM), CVE-
2602:
2397:
1641:
1094:
762:"Intel's Cascade Lake CPUs impacted by new Zombieload v2 attack"
642:
1268:
1113:
1081:"Deep Dive: Intel Analysis of Microarchitectural Data Sampling"
250:
1073:"Side Channel Vulnerability Microarchitectural Data Sampling"
893:"ZombieLoad attack lets hackers steal data from Intel chips"
563:"New RIDL and Fallout Attacks Impact All Modern Intel CPUs"
1099:
335:
Microarchitectural Fill Buffer Data
Sampling (MFBDS), CVE-
1581:
711:
245:
811:"Intel Zombieload bug fix to slow data centre computers"
354:
Not all processors are affected by all variants of MDS.
329:
Microarchitectural Load Port Data
Sampling (MLPDS), CVE-
319:
Microarchitectural Store Buffer Data
Sampling (MSBDS),
637:
635:
583:
Spectre-NG-Lücken: OpenBSD schaltet Hyper-Threading ab
2745:
1053:
1010:"ZombieLoad: Cross-Privilege-Boundary Data Sampling"
2693:
2677:
2631:
2575:
2544:
2488:
2467:
2421:
2380:
2349:
2340:
2111:
2028:
1858:
1758:
1718:
1692:
1634:
1568:
1527:
1481:
1445:
1419:
1373:
1336:
1329:
1231:
1213:
Rogue System
Register Read (Spectre-NG, Variant 3a)
1150:
1046:"ZombieLoad: Cross Privilege-Boundary Data Leakage"
240:
226:
101:
93:
85:
44:
448:On 14 May 2019, a mitigation was released for the
698:The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide
307:The vulnerabilities are in the implementation of
1218:Speculative Store Bypass (Spectre-NG, Variant 4)
1034:"Fallout: Reading Kernel Writes From User Space"
920:"What To Do About the Nasty New Intel Chip Flaw"
362:According to Intel in a May 2019 interview with
315:found between different parts of the processor.
1621:Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections
609:"Intel Confirms 'ZombieLoad 2' Security Threat"
1280:
1125:
8:
1168:Branch Target Injection (Spectre, Variant 2)
526:
27:
1591:Democratic National Committee cyber attacks
1208:Rogue Data Cache Load (Meltdown, Variant 3)
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
2346:
1535:Office of Personnel Management data breach
1333:
1287:
1273:
1265:
1132:
1118:
1110:
664:
662:
33:
1095:Official disclosure website of ZombieLoad
1158:Bounds Check Bypass (Spectre, Variant 1)
1066:Information from processor manufacturers
585:, heise.de, 2018-06, accessed 2019-09-29
347:Transactional Asynchronous Abort (TAA),
2778:Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities
2752:
502:
486:Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities
1163:Bounds Check Bypass Store (Spectre-NG)
918:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (2019-05-14).
26:
1254:Transient execution CPU vulnerability
556:
554:
21:Transient execution CPU vulnerability
7:
1586:Commission on Elections data breach
1183:Lazy FP state restore (Spectre-NG)
1002:Original papers by the researchers
694:"Microarchitectural Data Sampling"
14:
1746:Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident
1022:"RIDL: Rogue In-Flight Data Load"
891:Kastrenakes, Jacob (2019-05-14).
2755:
2319:Microarchitectural Data Sampling
1555:Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack
1463:Cyberterrorism attack of June 25
1193:Microarchitectural Data Sampling
261:Microarchitectural Data Sampling
214:
203:
192:
181:
170:
159:
150:
139:
128:
117:
106:
28:Microarchitectural Data Sampling
1667:2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks
1504:2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach
956:from the original on 2019-05-15
837:Larabel, Michael (2019-05-24).
621:from the original on 2020-01-14
221:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
1499:2014 celebrity nude photo leak
864:Mah Ung, Gordan (2019-05-15).
785:Whittaker, Zach (2019-05-14).
531:Greenberg, Andy (2019-05-14).
1:
1736:Bulgarian revenue agency hack
1514:Russian hacker password theft
1100:RIDL and Fallout: MDS attacks
1058:Graz University of Technology
735:Nichols, Shaun (2019-11-12).
375:Catholic University of Leuven
371:Graz University of Technology
135:Catholic University of Leuven
124:Graz University of Technology
1870:Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers
1346:(publication of 2009 events)
1104:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
607:Winder, Davey (2019-11-13).
561:Ilascu, Ionut (2019-05-14).
379:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
177:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
1731:Baltimore ransomware attack
271:are a set of weaknesses in
2809:
2005:Tailored Access Operations
1652:WannaCry ransomware attack
1545:Ashley Madison data breach
1489:Anthem medical data breach
1406:PlayStation network outage
1048:. Cyberus Technology GmbH.
18:
2783:Intel x86 microprocessors
1741:WhatsApp snooping scandal
1606:Indian Bank data breaches
1300:
1239:Cache side-channel attack
950:The Linux Kernel Archives
289:Rogue In-Flight Data Load
273:Intel x86 microprocessors
32:
2283:Speculative Store Bypass
1850:Ukrainian Cyber Alliance
1647:2017 Macron e-mail leaks
1144:security vulnerabilities
1657:Westminster data breach
1576:Bangladesh Bank robbery
1519:2014 Yahoo! data breach
1509:2014 Sony Pictures hack
1468:2013 Yahoo! data breach
1453:South Korea cyberattack
1355:Operation Olympic Games
1350:Australian cyberattacks
2762:Business and economics
2000:Syrian Electronic Army
1710:SingHealth data breach
1473:Singapore cyberattacks
1411:RSA SecurID compromise
383:disclosure coordinated
210:University of Michigan
113:University of Adelaide
2793:X86 memory management
2289:Lazy FP state restore
2073:Kristoffer von Hassel
1726:Sri Lanka cyberattack
1596:Vietnam Airport Hacks
1437:Operation High Roller
1249:Speculative execution
1244:Hardware security bug
1141:Speculative execution
741:www.theregister.co.uk
491:Hardware security bug
309:speculative execution
2235:Silent Bob is Silent
1295:Hacking in the 2010s
1188:Load value injection
1083:. Intel. 2019-05-14.
1075:. Intel. 2019-05-14.
647:zombieloadattack.com
251:ZombieLoadAttack.com
2169:SS7 vulnerabilities
1705:Atlanta cyberattack
1674:Equifax data breach
1432:Stratfor email leak
1381:Canadian government
1360:Operation ShadowNet
643:"ZombieLoad Attack"
565:. Bleeping Computer
377:, and Netherlands'
166:Saarland University
75:(RIDL, ZombieLoad),
69:(RIDL, ZombieLoad),
29:
16:CPU vulnerabilities
2618:Petya and NotPetya
2247:ROCA vulnerability
2010:The Shadow Brokers
1936:Iranian Cyber Army
1862:persistent threats
1662:Petya and NotPetya
1626:2016 Bitfinex hack
1601:DCCC cyber attacks
1560:SWIFT banking hack
760:Cimpanu, Catalin.
597:, TFIR, 2019-09-03
199:Oracle Corporation
156:Cyberus Technology
2788:2019 in computing
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2731:ZeroAccess botnet
2043:Mustafa Al-Bassam
1810:New World Hackers
1773:associated events
1754:
1753:
1550:VTech data breach
1401:Operation AntiSec
1365:Operation Payback
1324:
1323:
1262:
1261:
974:Whittaker, Zach.
946:"ChangeLog-5.1.2"
427:operating systems
394:the year before.
257:
256:
227:Affected hardware
46:CVE identifier(s)
2800:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2347:
2020:Yemen Cyber Army
1344:Operation Aurora
1334:
1303:
1302:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1084:
1076:
1061:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1016:
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990:
989:
987:
986:
971:
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964:
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942:
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935:
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915:
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905:
888:
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861:
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852:
851:
834:
828:
827:
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824:
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800:
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782:
776:
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773:
772:
757:
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750:
748:
747:
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
708:
702:
701:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
670:"INTEL-SA-00233"
666:
657:
656:
654:
653:
639:
630:
629:
627:
626:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
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570:
558:
549:
548:
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545:
528:
471:On 14 May 2019,
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37:
30:
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2768:
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2766:
2754:
2746:
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2735:
2689:
2673:
2627:
2571:
2540:
2484:
2463:
2417:
2376:
2336:
2116:
2114:vulnerabilities
2107:
2024:
1917:(confederation)
1880:Charming Kitten
1861:
1854:
1790:Goatse Security
1750:
1714:
1688:
1679:Deloitte breach
1630:
1616:Dyn cyberattack
1564:
1523:
1494:Operation Tovar
1477:
1441:
1415:
1369:
1330:Major incidents
1325:
1296:
1293:
1263:
1258:
1227:
1146:
1138:
1091:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1052:
1043:
1036:
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1024:
1019:
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1007:
1004:
999:
997:Further reading
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993:
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504:
499:
482:
423:
403:
360:
305:
277:hyper-threading
269:vulnerabilities
249:
244:
235:microprocessors
230:Pre-April 2019
213:
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180:
179:
169:
168:
158:
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149:
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138:
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116:
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105:
86:Date discovered
81:(ZombieLoad v2)
76:
70:
64:
58:
40:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2542:
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2523:
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2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Black Energy 3
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2415:
2410:
2408:Metulji botnet
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
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2369:
2364:
2362:Black Energy 2
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2217:Broadcom Wi-Fi
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2148:
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2123:
2121:
2109:
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2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Junaid Hussain
2075:
2070:
2068:Jeremy Hammond
2065:
2063:Elliott Gunton
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Stealth Falcon
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:PLA Unit 61486
1967:
1965:PLA Unit 61398
1962:
1960:Numbered Panda
1957:
1952:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1905:Equation Group
1902:
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1458:Snapchat hack
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1427:LinkedIn hack
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712:"MDS attacks"
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2475:CryptoLocker
2318:
2229:DoublePulsar
2048:Cyber Anakin
2038:Ryan Ackroyd
1931:Helix Kitten
1926:Hacking Team
1921:Guccifer 2.0
1795:Lizard Squad
1611:Surkov leaks
1540:Hacking Team
1192:
1102:
983:. Retrieved
979:
969:
958:. Retrieved
949:
940:
929:. Retrieved
923:
913:
902:. Retrieved
896:
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819:. 2019-05-15
814:
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790:
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769:. Retrieved
765:
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744:. Retrieved
740:
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719:. Retrieved
715:
706:
697:
688:
677:. Retrieved
673:
650:. Retrieved
646:
623:. Retrieved
612:
602:
590:
578:
567:. Retrieved
542:. Retrieved
536:
450:Linux kernel
435:web browsers
433:mechanisms,
424:
411:
404:
396:
373:, Belgium's
368:
361:
353:
313:data buffers
306:
297:ZombieLoad 2
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
264:
260:
258:
94:Date patched
24:
2711:NetTraveler
2649:LogicLocker
2557:Hidden Tear
2454:Red October
2313:Dragonblood
2223:EternalBlue
2187:Stagefright
2053:George Hotz
2030:Individuals
1780:CyberBerkut
407:performance
303:Description
188:Bitdefender
97:14 May 2019
2772:Categories
2654:Rensenware
2639:BrickerBot
2567:TeslaCrypt
2357:Bad Rabbit
2307:Foreshadow
2211:Cloudbleed
2163:Row hammer
2145:Shellshock
2139:Heartbleed
2127:Evercookie
2103:The Jester
1985:Red Apollo
1945:BlueNorOff
1915:GOSSIPGIRL
1910:Fancy Bear
1900:Elfin Team
1895:DarkMatter
1890:Dark Basin
1875:Bureau 121
1835:Teamp0ison
1760:Hacktivism
1391:DNSChanger
1178:Foreshadow
1054:"cpu.fail"
985:2019-05-14
980:TechCrunch
960:2019-05-15
931:2019-05-15
904:2019-05-15
877:2019-05-15
850:2019-05-25
823:2019-05-15
796:2019-05-14
791:TechCrunch
771:2019-11-12
746:2019-11-12
721:2019-05-20
679:2019-05-14
652:2019-05-14
625:2020-01-14
569:2019-05-14
544:2019-05-14
497:References
421:Mitigation
343:2019-11091
337:2018-12130
331:2018-12127
325:2018-12126
293:ZombieLoad
102:Discoverer
79:2019-11135
73:2018-12130
67:2019-11091
61:2018-12127
57:(Fallout),
55:2018-12126
19:See also:
2685:VPNFilter
2562:Rombertik
2526:FinFisher
2516:DarkHotel
2480:DarkSeoul
2388:Coreflood
2253:BlueBorne
2205:Dirty COW
2119:disclosed
2117:publicly
1955:NSO Group
1885:Cozy Bear
1825:PayPal 14
1768:Anonymous
1642:SHAttered
1386:DigiNotar
898:The Verge
462:Microsoft
439:microcode
425:Fixes to
275:that use
232:Intel x86
146:Qihoo 360
2726:Titanium
2669:XafeCopy
2664:WannaCry
2593:KeRanger
2521:Duqu 2.0
2506:Carbanak
2325:BlueKeep
2301:SigSpoof
2259:Meltdown
2175:WinShock
2157:Rootpipe
2058:Guccifer
1980:Pranknet
1975:PLATINUM
1949:AndAriel
1860:Advanced
1815:NullCrew
1800:LulzRaft
1700:Trustico
1313:Timeline
1203:Retbleed
1173:Downfall
1151:Variants
954:Archived
871:PC World
844:Phoronix
816:BBC News
619:Archived
480:See also
388:Meltdown
2623:X-Agent
2613:Pegasus
2496:Brambul
2459:Shamoon
2403:Kelihos
2393:Alureon
2372:Stuxnet
2342:Malware
2295:TLBleed
2277:Exactis
2265:Spectre
2199:Badlock
2133:iSeeYou
2098:Topiary
1830:RedHack
1820:OurMine
1805:LulzSec
1223:Spoiler
925:Gizmodo
392:Spectre
381:, in a
358:History
295:., and
281:Fallout
241:Website
63:(RIDL),
2748:Portal
2706:Joanap
2659:Triton
2598:Necurs
2588:Jigsaw
2583:Hitler
2552:Dridex
2511:Careto
2434:Dexter
2367:SpyEye
2333:(2019)
2327:(2019)
2321:(2019)
2315:(2019)
2309:(2018)
2303:(2018)
2297:(2018)
2291:(2018)
2285:(2018)
2279:(2018)
2273:(2018)
2267:(2018)
2261:(2018)
2255:(2017)
2249:(2017)
2243:(2017)
2237:(2017)
2231:(2017)
2225:(2017)
2219:(2017)
2213:(2017)
2207:(2016)
2201:(2016)
2195:(2016)
2189:(2015)
2183:(2015)
2181:JASBUG
2177:(2014)
2171:(2014)
2165:(2014)
2159:(2014)
2153:(2014)
2151:POODLE
2147:(2014)
2141:(2014)
2135:(2013)
2129:(2010)
2112:Major
2093:Track2
2015:xDedic
1845:UGNazi
1232:Topics
1198:Pacman
614:Forbes
466:Amazon
464:, and
458:Google
452:, and
401:Impact
2721:Tinba
2608:Mirai
2536:Regin
2449:Mahdi
2444:Flame
2429:Carna
2413:Stars
2331:Kr00k
2271:EFAIL
2241:KRACK
2193:DROWN
1318:2020s
1308:2000s
1037:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
1013:(PDF)
766:ZDNet
674:Intel
538:WIRED
473:Intel
454:Apple
364:Wired
2716:R2D2
2701:Grum
2694:2019
2678:2018
2644:Kirk
2632:2017
2603:MEMZ
2576:2016
2545:2015
2489:2014
2468:2013
2422:2012
2398:Duqu
2381:2011
2350:2010
2088:Sabu
1840:TDO
1785:GNAA
1719:2019
1693:2018
1635:2017
1569:2016
1528:2015
1482:2014
1446:2013
1420:2012
1374:2011
1337:2010
437:and
390:and
285:RIDL
259:The
89:2018
77:CVE-
71:CVE-
65:CVE-
59:CVE-
2439:FBI
2083:MLT
1947:) (
321:CVE
291:),
265:MDS
51:CVE
2774::
1056:.
978:.
948:.
922:.
895:.
868:.
841:.
813:.
789:.
764:.
739:.
714:.
696:.
672:.
661:^
645:.
634:^
617:.
611:.
553:^
535:.
505:^
460:,
456:,
429:,
299:.
283:,
267:)
2750::
1951:)
1943:(
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
1133:e
1126:t
1119:v
1039:.
1027:.
1015:.
988:.
963:.
934:.
907:.
880:.
853:.
826:.
799:.
774:.
749:.
724:.
682:.
655:.
628:.
572:.
547:.
323:-
287:(
263:(
53:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
